Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing & Other Parts（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Reading for Writing & Other Parts Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．accident n．事故；车祸；失事 2．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 3．midnight n．子夜；午夜 4．import n．进口；进口商品vt.进口；输入；引进 5．export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播 6．pole n．(行星的)极；地极 7．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈 8．bite vt.& vi.(过去时：bit，过去分词：bitten)咬；叮；蜇n.咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤 9．chairman n．主席；主持人；董事长 10．memory n．记忆力；回忆 11．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条 12．café n．咖啡馆；小餐馆 13．tear n．眼泪；泪水 14．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭 15．income n．收入；收益 16．per prep.每；每一 17．therefore adv.因此；所以 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．operate vi.运转；工作vt.操作→operator n．操作员；接线员→operation n．手术；企业；经营 2．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助手；助理→assistance n．帮助；援助 3．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 4．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibility n．柔韧性；灵活性 5．tense adj.紧张的；拉紧的→tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑 动词加后缀­ance构成抽象名词，后缀­ance表示状态、状况、性质等。 assist→assistance　perform→performance appear→appearance　accept→acceptance Ⅲ.短语互译 1．去世pass_away 2．作为对……的纪念in_memory_of 3．被……绊倒trip_over 4．流着泪；含着泪in_tears 5．处于绝望中in_despair 6．大量a_great_deal_(of) 7．once upon a time从前，很久以前 8．crash into the stone撞到石头上 9．pick oneself up(跌倒后)站起来 10．come along出现；进步；跟随 11．complain about抱怨 12．belong to属于 Ⅳ.重点句式 1. 句型：neither ...nor ...既不……也不…… 教材原句：Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. 翻译：无论是她，还是她的朋友，都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。 2．句型：if省略句 教材原句：If not，we surely must find the owner，for he will certainly miss it. 翻译：如果不是的话，我们必须找到失主，他一定十分着急。 Ⅰ.文本理解 ►主旨大意 The story tells us not_to_complain_about_the_problems_we_meet，but_to_solve_them_ positively． ►文章架构 People Experience Emotion Response milkman crashed into the stone angry went away woman with water 1.tripped_over the stone sad limped away 2.in_tears other villagers 3.complained about the stone — nobody 4.made an_attempt to move the stone young girl 5.succeeded_in moving the stone to the side of the street tired，6.surprised wanted to find the 7.owner of the gold ►细节探究 1．Why did the king put the gold coins under the stone？(　　) A．To teach his people a lesson. B．To help the poor people in the village. C.To see who will move the stone out of the way. D.To look for the person with the greatest strength. 2．Who moved the stone out of the way？(　　) A．The king. B．The girl. C．The milkman. D．The woman with a water pot on her head. 3．How did the king teach an important lesson to his people？(　　) A．By giving them some gold coins. B．By telling them an interesting story. C．By testing his people's response to his idea. D．By helping his people clean the road. 4．What does the fable try to tell us？(　　) A．A friend in need is a friend indeed. B．Where there is a will，there is a way. C．Goodness will have a good reward. D．Love me，love my dog. 答案：1～4 ABCC ►难句突破 1．Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been! 分析：这是一个主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句；where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the gold coins。 翻译：想象一下，当她看到石头下的金币时有多么惊讶！ 2．Now the gold is yours，because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people. 分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是the gold is yours；because引导原因状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the only person，其中the lesson后跟省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句。 翻译：现在金币是你的了，因为我想教给我的子民的道理，只有你一个人学会了。 ►课文语法填空 Once upon a time，there was a king who wanted to educate his people not to complain and expect others 1.to_solve(solve) their problems.A good idea occurred to him.Early one morning，he 2.disguised(disguise) himself and went to a local village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.A milkman crashed into the stone，3.spilling(spill) the milk everywhere.But he picked himself 4.up and went away angrily.After a while，a group of women came along，each 5.balancing(balance) a pot of water on her head.One woman tripped over the stone but at last she limped away in 6.tears(tear).None of them thought about moving the stone out of the road.Finding nobody making 7.an attempt to move it，the king was in despair.Just then，a girl came along and pushed the stone with all her might.After a great deal of effort，she 8.finally(final) succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.To her surprise，she saw the gold coins 9.where the stone had been.The king told the girl that the gold belonged to 10.her(she).Ⅱ.原文释译 ◆精学表达 Ⅰ.文本特征 1．本文是一篇寓言故事，属于记叙文。写作要注意记叙文的文体特点，要清晰地表述记叙文的六要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、经过、结果。 2．寓言故事可以运用不同的写作手法，同时要有教育意义。 Ⅱ.语言特色 1．动作链烘托故事的开端 ❶段中运用一系列动词disguised、went、placed、hid、watched，生动形象地表现了国王设置圈套的过程，引起故事的开端。 2．动作链催生故事的发展 ❷段中的动作crashed into、spilling、shouted、picked himself up、went away描述了一位牛奶搬运工撞到了石头上，但仅仅是大喊大叫地走开了。 ❸段中的动作tripped over、went crashing、picked ...up、limped away描述了一群运水的妇女看到石头后的行为。 ❹段中的watched、complained about、was in despair描述了国王的无奈和诧异，同时也是伏笔，预测下文要到故事的高潮。 3．动作链掀起故事的高潮 ❺段中的动作saw、coming along、said to、move描述了国王的发现以及女孩的发现和想法，故事达到高潮。 ❻段中的动作pushed、moving、saw描述了女孩搬走了石头，发现金子后，感到诧异，使故事跌宕起伏，高潮迭起。 4．动作链构成结尾主体 ❼❽两段中的stepped out、belong to、find、miss、said、put、moved、teach的动作描述，构成故事的结尾，女孩的疑惑解除，高潮回落，并揭示教育意义。 ◆续写积累 THE STONE IN THE ROAD Once upon a time there was a king who often thought，“Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” One day，he had an idea. ❶Early one morning，the king disguised himself and went to a local village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched. ❷The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart.He crashed into the stone，spilling the milk everywhere.“What fool put this stone here？” he shouted.He picked himself up and angrily went away. ❸After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head.One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.She picked herself up and limped away in tears.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. ❹The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone，but he found nobody making an attempt to move it.The king was in despair.“Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm？” ❺Just then，the king saw a young girl coming along.She was the daughter of a local farmer.She had been working all day and was very tired.But when she saw the stone，she said to herself，“This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark.I'll move it out of the way.” ❻The girl pushed the stone with all her might.After a great deal of effort，she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been! ❼Just then，the king stepped out from behind the tree.“Oh sir，” the girl said，“does this gold belong to you? If not，we surely must find the owner，for he will certainly miss it.” ❽The king said，“My dear，the gold is mine.I put it in the road and moved the stone over it.Now the gold is yours，because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people.” 1．动作描写——烘托人物性格 “What fool put this stone here？” he shouted. [仿写]完成句子 “今天谁值日？”他大叫道。 “Who_is_on_duty_today？” he shouted. 2．动作描写——升华主题 ...you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people. [仿写]完成句子 老师说你是唯一一个学会了我教给学生的技巧的人。 The teacher said you were the_only_one_who_learned_the_skills I taught the students. 参考译文 挡道的石头 从前有一位国王，他经常思考：“如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。”有一天，他有了一个主意。 一天清晨，国王乔装打扮一番后，去了当地的一个村庄。他在主路的中间放了一块大石头，并把金币藏在石头下面。然后，他就躲在一棵大枫树后观察。 路上走来的第一个人是一个推着手推车的送奶工。他撞到了石头上，把牛奶洒得到处都是。“哪个傻瓜把石头放在这里了？”他大喊道。他站起身，气呼呼地走开了。 过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。其中一个女人被石头绊倒了，她的水罐也摔到地上。她站起身，含着泪一瘸一拐地走了。无论是她，还是她的朋友，都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。 国王一整天都在观察，很多人抱怨这块石头，但他发现没有人试着把它挪开。国王绝望了。“这个村子里就没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免受伤害吗？” 就在那时，国王看到一个年轻的女孩走过来。她是当地一个农民的女儿。忙活了一整天，她疲惫不堪。但当她看到那块石头时，她自言自语道：“对于天黑以后走在这条路上的人来说，这块石头很危险。我得把它从这条路上挪开。” 女孩竭尽全力去推石头。经过一番努力，她终于成功地把石头挪到了路边。想象一下，当她看到原先石头所在之处的金币时有多么惊讶！ 就在那时，国王从树后走了出来。“哦，先生，”女孩说道，“这些金币是您的吗？如果不是的话，我们必须找到失主，他一定十分着急。” 国王说道：“亲爱的，金币是我的。我把它放在路上并把石头压在上面。现在金币是你的了，因为我想教给我的子民的道理，只有你一个人学会了。” 1 whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 I saw her whispering something into his ear，obviously not wanting to be heard. 我看见她对他耳语了几句，很明显不想被人听见。 [要点突破] ①whisper to sb.对某人耳语 whisper about sth./sb.小声议论某事/某人 whisper sth.to sb.低声告诉某人某事 whisper sth.into one's ears对某人耳语某事 It's whispered that ...据传言说…… ②in a whisper/whispers低声说；小声地说 [写作佳句] He had to whisper in order to avoid being overheard by their neighbours. 他不得不轻声轻语，以免被他们的邻居偷听到。 [学以致用] 单句填空/同义句改写/句式升级 ①What are you two whispering(whisper) about over there? ②When I entered the room，staff were_whispering(whisper) that the company was about to go bankrupt. ③They sat at the back of the room and talked in a low voice. →They sat at the back of the room，talking_in_a_whisper．(whisper) ④He is whispered to be heavily in debt. →It_is_whispered_that he is heavily in debt.(it作形式主语) 2 assist vt.帮助；援助 ...Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. ……白求恩医生尽其所能帮助中国人民。 [要点突破] ①assist sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事 assist sb.in doing sth.帮助某人做某事 assist sb.with sth.帮助某人某事 ②assistance n．帮助；援助 with the assistance of 在……的帮助下 come to one's assistance帮助某人 ③assistant n．助手；助理 [写作佳句] When he was worried that he couldn't sell out the popcorn，John came to his assistance. 正当他担心爆米花卖不完的时候，约翰来帮助他了。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①We will have robots and computers to assist us with the things that are boring. ②We'll do all we can to assist you to_finish(finish) this task to make sure you can finish it on schedule. ③We shall do our best to assist him in correcting his mistakes. ④在他们妈妈的帮助下，他们做出了美味的爆米花。 With_the_assistance_of_their_mother，they managed to make delicious popcorn. 3 pass away去世 Sadly，Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang. 不幸的是，白求恩医生于次年11月去世，被葬在石家庄。 [要点突破] pass sth.on to sb.将某物转交给某人 pass sth.down把……传给后人；把……往下传 pass by从……旁边走过；经过 pass out分发；晕倒 pass sb./sth. off as把某人/某事物冒充成 [写作佳句] The old man had no children of his own，and most of his relatives had passed away. 这个老人没有自己的孩子，多数亲人也已过世。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Will you be passing by the supermarket on your way home? ②She wants to be a gymnastic coach to pass down what she's learned to other kids when she grows up. ③Please pass on the message to as many people as possible. ④在病人之家，我帮忙洗衣服和床单以及分发午餐。 In the home for sick people，I helped wash clothes and sheets，and pass_out_lunch． 4 disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n.伪装；化装用具 Early one morning，the king disguised himself and went to a local village. 一天清晨，国王乔装打扮一番后，去了当地的一个村庄。 [要点突破] ①disguise sb. as ...把某人假扮成……；把某人伪装成…… disguise ...in ...用……伪装(掩饰)…… ②in disguise伪装；乔装打扮 without disguise毫不掩饰 a blessing in disguise因祸得福；祸中有福 [写作佳句] I wish you could tell me the truth without disguise. 我希望你毫无隐瞒地告诉我真相。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Hua Mulan disguised herself as a man so she could fight on the battlefield. ②I didn't recognize him because he was in disguise. ③失去那份工作真的是因祸得福，我找到了一份更令人愉快的工作。 Losing that job was really a_blessing_in_disguise，and I found a much more enjoyable job. 5 tear n．眼泪；泪水 She picked herself up and limped away in tears. 她站起身，含着泪一瘸一拐地走了。 [要点突破] ①in tears流着泪；含着泪 burst into tears忽然哭了起来 ②tear v．撕开；撕裂 tear down拆毁，拆除(建筑物、墙等) tear up摧毁，拆毁，毁坏(公路、铁路、地面)等；撕毁，撕碎(文件等) tear sth.into pieces把某物撕成碎片 [写作佳句] I suggest that you tear up the composition and start over again. 我建议你把这篇作文撕掉，再从头开始写。 Tears in her eyes，she tore the letter into pieces and threw them in the bin. 眼含着泪，她把信撕成了碎片，扔到了垃圾桶里。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The city will tear down the building and create a park. ②The mother of the boy was in tears and told us her story. ③No matter what the reason is，you should not tear up the letter and throw it into the wastebasket. ④当女孩得知她的父母在地震中幸存下来时，她大哭起来。 When the girl learned that her parents survived the earthquake，she burst_into_tears． 6 despair n．绝望vi.绝望；感到无望 The king was in despair.“Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm？” 国王绝望了。“这个村子里就没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免受伤害吗？” [要点突破] ①in despair处于绝望中 be the despair of sb.让某人感到绝望 ②despair of sb./sth./doing sth.对某人/某物/做某事感到绝望或丧失信心 [写作佳句] Don't despair of success；where there's a will，there's a way. 不要丧失获得成功的信心。有志者，事竟成。 [学以致用] 单句填空 ①A person is most disappointed when he is in despair. ②No news coming for a decade，he despaired of getting(get) in touch with them. ③The boy showing no interest in study is the despair of his parents. 7 harm n．& vt.伤害；损害 The king was in despair.“Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm？” 国王绝望了。“这个村子里就没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免受伤害吗？” [要点突破] ①do/cause harm to sb./sth.＝do sb./sth.harm对某人/某物有害 There is no harm in doing sth.做某事无害。 ②harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to对……有害 ③harmless adj.无害的 [写作佳句] Staring at the screen is harmful to our eyes.Worse still，we don't have many opportunities to interact with our teachers and classmates. 盯着屏幕看对我们的眼睛有害。更糟糕的是，我们没有太多机会与老师和同学互动。 [学以致用] 单句填空/一句多译 ①Shoes play an important role in our life，for they can protect our feet from being_harmed(harm). ②There is no harm in using the environmentally friendly products. ③Reading in bed will often do harm to our eyes. ④有些学生痴迷于电脑游戏，这对他们的健康非常有害。 →Some students are addicted to playing games，which_is_very_harmful_to_their_health．(定语从句；harmful) →Some students are addicted to playing games，causing_great_harm_to_their_health．(分词作状语；harm) 8 a great deal (of) 大量 After a great deal of effort，she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street. 经过一番努力，她终于成功地把石头挪到了路边。 [要点突破] 表示“许多；大量”的短语可分为以下几类： ① ② ③ ④ [写作佳句] Thanks to papermaking and printing，a great deal of ancient information has been kept in books. 多亏了造纸术和印刷术，大量的古代信息得以保存在书中。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①There is(be) a great deal of difference between the two. ②Are(be) there plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables in your diet? ③他的演讲中有许多有趣的故事。 There_are_a_large_number_of/a_great_many_funny_stories in his speech. 1 neither ...nor ...既不……也不…… Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. 无论是她，还是她的朋友，都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。 [情境探究] ①Kunming is a beautiful city，where it's neither too hot nor too cold all over the year. 昆明是个美丽的城市，全年既不太热也不太冷。 ②(2022·全国甲卷)The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it. 分歧如此尖锐，以至于他和我都不知道如何解决。 ③The girl was unhappy，so she neither sang nor danced at the party. 这个女孩不高兴，所以她在聚会上既不唱歌也不跳舞。 [要点突破] “neither ...nor ...”意为“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。有类似用法的并列结构还有： either ...or ...要么……要么…… not only ...but also ...不仅……而且…… not ...but ...不是……而是…… whether ...or ...是……还是…… [学以致用] 单句填空/句式升级 ①Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary，takes(take) great interest in the piano lessons now. ②However，neither the story nor the details of the experiment are(be) entirely true. ③Peter didn't want to take the responsibility；his wife didn't either. →Neither_Peter_nor_his_wife wanted to take the responsibility.(neither ...nor ...) 2 if省略句 If not，we surely must find the owner，for he will certainly miss it. 如果不是的话，我们必须找到失主，他一定十分着急。 [情境探究] ①If so, I will call you back at 5：00 p．m. 如果是这样的话，我会在下午5点给你回电话。 ②He hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need if possible. 如果可能的话，他希望更多的人能够自愿帮助那些需要帮助的人。 ③The aim of these experiments was to find the connection, if any，between the two phenomena. 这些实验的目的是找到这两种现象之间的联系——如果有的话。 [要点突破] 其他常见的if省略句： if so如果是这样的话 if any如果有的话 if possible如果可能的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 [学以致用] 完成句子/句式升级 ①你穿过这条繁忙的街道时要小心。如果不小心的话，你可能会被汽车撞到。 Be careful when you cross this very busy street.If_not，you may be hit by a car. ②如果是这样的话，那么你对于幸福的本质有一些错误的认识。 If_so，you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness. ③If it is necessary，we will finish it ahead of time. →If_necessary，we will finish it ahead of time.(省略句) [课时梯级训练(七)见P144] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$