课时梯级训练(15) Section Ⅳ （Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（人教版2019）

课时梯级训练(十五)　Section Ⅳ　Reading for Writing & Other Parts Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It's your lack of experience that contributes to this failure. 2．Sarah pretended to be cheerful，saying nothing about the argument(argue). 3．Travelling abroad was limited to rich tourists and wealthy business people decades ago. 4．Through that experience，she also witnessed Chinese people's deep attachment(attach) to their own way of life. 5．She carefully figured out what time the first train would pass by. 6．The scenery was so beautiful that it was almost beyond description. 7．You will forget what you have learned in class gradually unless you review regularly(regular). 8．Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste，resulting in death or injury. 9．In addition，your smart home will be monitoring(monitor) your health for you every day. 10．This information is only raw data and will need further analysis(analyse). 11．Let's take steps to stop consuming natural resources(resource) at such an alarming speed. 12．The musician hopes that he will have sufficient(sufficiency) time to make the new album. Ⅱ.赏句猜义 1．“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead. 提出；提请考虑 2．We must make the most efficient use of the available financial resources. 资源；财力 3．Some people argue that space exploration fosters technological innovation.主张；论证 4．Thanks to the postmodern currents，translation has acquired a significance that it has never expected before.思潮 5．The stars will use their muscle to make the campaign a success.影响力 Ⅲ.根据本单元所学知识完成句子 1．骑自行车是一种环保的交通方式。(动名词短语作主语) Riding_a_bike is an environmentally friendly means of transport. 2．接受还是拒绝这项工作取决于他。(whether) It depends on him whether_he_accepts_the_job or refuses it. 3. 学生们当然需要一些时间来适应新规则。(It takes sb. ...to do ...) It_certainly_takes_the_students_some_time_to_adapt_to new rules. 4. 最后，我非常感谢你的及时帮助。(in closing) In_closing，I_am_very_grateful_to_you for your timely help. 5．这些测试应该为评估儿童提供一个基础。(provide ...for...) The tests are supposed to provide_a_basis_for_the_assessment_of_children． Ⅳ.阅读理解 (2024·三明高一期末)A moon crystal found by China on the nearside of the moon is giving scientists hope of providing limitless power for the Earth forever. The moon crystal has a key ingredient(成分) for the nuclear fusion(核聚变) process, a form of power production that controls the same forces that supply energy for the Sun and other stars in space.The crystal was found in the matter collected from the moon in 2020 and makes China the third country to discover new moon matter, behind the US and the former Soviet Union. One of the primary ingredients found in this crystal is helium­3, which scientists believe may provide a ever­growing energy source for nuclear fusion reactors.The ingredient is hardly seen on Earth, but it seems to be fairly common on the moon.China successfully launched its Chang'e­6 lunar probe in early May, 2024, attempting to collect the first samples(样品) from the other side of the moon—which never faces the Earth. For years, scientists have been attracted by helium­3 and its possible source of energy for nuclear fusion.Nuclear fusion reactions happen naturally, when two light atoms crash into a heavier one, under extreme pressure and heat.They take place inside stars, but humans have yet to create a fusion reactor with enough energy to start the process. Helium­3 is promising as it produces less radiation(辐射) and nuclear waste than other ingredients, according to the European Space Agency.The present nuclear fission(核裂变) process used in nuclear power plants, delivers not only energy but radioactivity, and the used nuclear energy must be reprocessed into harmful chemicals and other waste.It's a process that has raised serious safety concerns, and as a result, scientists have been searching for a way to create nuclear power from nuclear fusion, rather than fission.During the fusion process, radioactive waste is not produced, possibly making a safer energy source. Many countries hope to mine the moon for helium­3, and this latest discovery could start the race. 1．Which part of a website is the text probably taken from? A．Travel. B．Space. C．Geography. D．Education. 2．What does the Chang'e­6 project in 2024 focus on? A．Energy sources for other stars. B．Ingredients of the crystal founded. C．Pictures of the backside of the moon. D．Samples from the far side of the moon. 3．Scientists prefer nuclear fusion to nuclear fission due to its ________． A．value B．safety C．quick process D．little waste 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．China Discovers Moon Crystal B．China Joins in Space Exploration C．China's Efforts to Mine the Moon D．China's Projects to Explore the Moon 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国在月球上发现罕见晶体以及该晶体的科学价值。 1．B　[解析]推理判断题。第一段提到中国在月球背面发现的月球晶体给科学家们带来了为世界提供无限动力的希望。结合后文可知，本篇文章是关于太空研究的，所以有可能出现在网站的太空部分，故选B。 2．D　[解析]细节理解题。第三段提到中国在2024年5月成功发射嫦娥六号，尝试从月球的另一面收集第一批样本。由此可知，嫦娥六号的主要任务是从月球背面收集样本，故选D。 3．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第五段中的“It's a process that has raised serious safety concerns ...During the fusion process, radioactive waste is not produced, possibly making a safer energy source.”可知，核裂变的过程引发了严重的安全问题。因此，科学家们一直在寻找一种通过核聚变产生核能的方法。在核聚变过程中，不会产生放射性废物，更安全，故选B。 4．A　[解析]标题概括题。文章介绍了中国在月球上发现罕见晶体以及该晶体的科学价值。A项“中国发现月球晶体”适合作为文章标题，故选A。 Ⅴ.完形填空 In September, 2016, six people came out from a small solar­powered building on the side of a volcano in Hawaii. They were __1__ of a simulated(模拟的) mission to Mars, and they had been living in the building for nearly one year, __2__ from the rest of the world. This mission to Mars was part of an ongoing __3__ to see how people would deal with the challenges of living on another planet. Based on the __4__ of the experiment so far, here are four abilities you would need to __5__ on Mars. The first is Resourcefulness(足智多谋). When the water system broke, the group had two __6__. They could figure out how to fix it or they could __7__ months for supplies to be delivered from “Earth”—by which point they would be dead. So they __8__ it themselves. The second is Imagination. The group members have said boredom was a major __9__. On Mars, you wouldn't have live TV programmes or online games, so you'd have to __10__ other forms of entertainment(娱乐活动). The third is Tolerance(宽容). The building is only a quarter of the size of a basketball court. If you're __11__ annoyed by people, life on Mars might not be for you. Whether eating, working, exercising, or relaxing, you would hardly be __12__. The last is Independence. During a mission, there is no real­time __13__ between the group and anyone on “Earth”. They have email, __14__ messages are on a 20­minute delay(延迟), simulating how long it would take messages to __15__ between Earth and Mars. So you would be removed from the lives of your loved ones back on Earth. 1．A.captains B.members C．astronauts D．directors 2．A.pulled B．kept free C．protected D．cut off 3．A.explanation B．holiday C．experiment D．game 4．A.results B．origins C．wishes D．requirements 5．A.refuse B．copy C．argue D．survive 6．A.tasks B．choices C．dreams D．conditions 7．A.spread B．prepare C．wait D．leave 8．A.fixed B．watered C．called D．planted 9．A.desire B．habit C．ability D．challenge 10．A.limit B．forget C．find D．leap 11．A.hardly B．easily C．secretly D．suddenly 12．A.alone B．polite C．successful D．normal 13．A.communication B．system C．teaching D．meeting 14．A.so B．but C．if D．unless 15．A.escape B．walk C．travel D．change 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项实验，六名研究人员通过长达近一年与世隔绝的“火星生活”体验，总结了人类移居火星前应该具备的四种能力。 1．B　[解析]根据上文six people和第四段中的group members可知，句中的They代指的是上文提到的从建筑物中出来的六个人，他们是这次任务的小组成员。故选B。 2．D　[解析]根据上文a simulated mission to Mars可知，他们在进行一个模拟火星生活的任务，由此可知，他们模拟在火星上的生活，待在建筑物里不出来，与世界隔绝。“cut off from ...”意为“与……隔绝”。故选D。 3．C　[解析]根据下文“Based on the __4__ of the experiment so far”中的experiment可知，句中的火星任务是一项正在进行的实验的一部分。故选C。 4．A　[解析]根据句中“here are four abilities you would need to__5__ on Mars”可知，下文介绍了在火星上生存所需的四种能力，这四种能力应该是通过实验结果总结出来的，由此可知，空处指根据目前的实验结果。故选A。 5．D　[解析]根据上文how people would deal with the challenges of living on another planet可知，这次实验旨在探索人类如何生活在另一个星球上，由此可知，实验结果展示的是在另一个星球上生存所需的能力。故选D。 6．B　[解析]根据下文“They could figure out how to fix it or they could __7__ months for supplies to be delivered from‘Earth’”可知，当供水系统中断时，他们可以想办法解决问题，也可以等着从“地球”运送来的物资，由此可知，这是该小组面临的两个选择。故选B。 7．C　[解析]根据句中by which point they would be dead可知，等从“地球”运来物资的话，他们就死定了，由此可知，要想获得从“地球”运送来的物资，需要等待几个月。故选C。 8．A　[解析]根据上文They could figure out how to fix it中的fix可知，他们可以选择想办法修理它，由此可知，他们没有等待“地球”运来的物资，而是自己修好了供水系统。故选A。 9．D　[解析]根据下文“On Mars，you wouldn't have live TV programmes or online games”可知，在火星上，你不会有娱乐活动，你会感到无聊，由此可知，无聊对小组成员来说是一个重大挑战。故选D。 10．C　[解析]根据句中“On Mars，you wouldn't have live TV programmes or online games”可知，你必须找到其他形式的娱乐活动。故选C。 11．B　[解析]根据上文“The third is Tolerance.”可知，在火星上生活，宽容很重要，由此可知，如果你很容易被人惹恼，那么你不适合在火星上生活。故选B。 12．A　[解析]根据上文“The building is only a quarter of the size of a basketball court.”可知，这座建筑大小只有篮球场的四分之一，空间很小，由此可知，你几乎不会单独吃饭、工作、锻炼或放松。故选A。 13．A　[解析]根据下文“They have email，__14__ messages are on a 20­minute delay”可知，小组成员与“地球”之间的信息交流会延迟20分钟，由此可知，小组与“地球”上的任何人之间没有实时通信。故选A。 14．B　[解析]根据空前They have email和空后messages are on a 20­minute delay可知，空格前后为转折关系，虽然他们有电子邮件，但信息会延迟20分钟。故选B。 15．C　[解析]根据空前messages are on a 20­minute delay和空后between Earth and Mars可知，信息延迟20分钟是为了模拟信息在地球和火星之间传播所需的时间。travel意为“传播，转送”，符合语境。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$