Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Words and Expressions 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES Words and Expressions 1. moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n.品行；道德；寓意 morally adv.道德地 immoral adj.不道德的 immorally adv.不道德地 morality n.道德，品行；正当性 moral standards 道德标准 moral dilemma 道德困境 It’s ___________ (moral) to steal. He should be ___________ responsible for the accident. (moral) 2 2. virtue n.高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 by virtue of 借助，由于 ≈by means of She became a British resident by virtue of her marriage. 似 ：virtual adj. 虚拟的 virtual reality(VR）虚拟现实 3. dilemma n.进退两难的境地；困境 处于两难境地 be in a dilemma 4. faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的;头晕目眩的 n.晕倒，昏厥 a faint hope/chance 渺小的希望/机会 a faint smile 一丝微笑 5. illustrate[ˈɪləstreɪt]vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图 illustration n.说明，插图 illustrator n. 插图画家；说明者；图解者 3 6. entrust vt. 委托; 交付 　 _____ vt/n. 信任; 信赖 ______ v./n. 不信任，怀疑 似：belief n.信念；信任 disbelief n.不信 ____ n. 信任; 信心 trust distrust faith entrust sb. with sth. =entrust sth. to sb. 把某事委托给某人 en-进入;使... en+n.=v. en+adj.=v. enable , enlarge encourage , endanger 7. precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的 preciously adv.仔细地；过分讲究地 preciousness n.珍贵 be precious to sb 对某人来说很珍贵 近义：valuable adj很重要的;宝贵的;很值钱的;贵重的 priceless adj.无价的;极珍贵的;极重要的;极有趣的 invaluable adj.极有用的;极宝贵的 1 有关“carry”的高频搭配： carry out 实施；履行；执行 carry on 继续；参与 carry through sth 成功完成，顺利实现 8. carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 ❶她的鼓励和支持帮助我渡过了难关。 Her encouragement and support helped carry me through. ❷她需要一个清醒的头脑来执行命令。 She needed a clear head to carry out her instructions. 6 9. marriage n. 结婚；婚姻 marry v. (和某人) 结婚；娶；嫁 marry sb married adj. 已婚的；结婚的 be married (to sb) （与……结婚）【表状态】 get married (to sb) (与……结婚） 【表动作】 回忆 engaged adj. 订婚的，被占用的 engage v. 从事，参加 例：Many people have expectations of what marriage will be like. 许多人对婚姻生活抱有憧憬。 (1)the majority of... ...的大多数(谓语动词的单复数取决于介词of后的名词） a majority of 大量... +可数名词，谓语动词复数形式 +不可数名词，谓语动词单数形式 例句：The majority of people around here are students. 反义词：minority n. 少数 minor adj. 次要的；较少的；轻微的 (2)major adj. 主要的，重要的，大的 n. 专业 vi. 主修 major in 主修…… 10. majority n. 大部分；大多数 11. complain vi. & vt. 抱怨；发牢骚 (1)complain (to sb. )about sth. 向某人抱怨某事 complain (to sb.) that+句子 (向某人)抱怨…… (2)complaint n. 抱怨 make a complaint to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事 词性变化积累 v．＋-t→n. complain抱怨→complaint抱怨 weigh称重→weight重量 join连接→joint接头 12. respond vt.回答；回复　vi.做出反应；回应 respond to sb/sth　回答，回复；对……做出反应 response n．反应；回答；回复 in response (to...) 作为(对……的)答复/反应 make a response (to...)(对……)做出回应/反应 14. hire vt.聘用；雇用；租用 n.租界;租用 hire sb to do 雇用某人做某事 fire/dismiss vt. 解雇 13. scholarship n.奖学金 -ship 抽象n.后缀 : friendship membership 15. physician n.医师，内科医生 对比：physics n.物理学 physical adj.身体的;物质的 spiritual adj.(反)精神上的 surgeon n.外科医生 16. reject v.拒绝接受；不录用 rejection n.拒绝接受 reject (doing) sth拒绝(做)某事 refuse to do sth拒绝做 17. appoint vt.任命；委派；约定，安排 appointed adj. 约定的，指定的 1) appoint sb to do sth 任命某人做某事 appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人当什么 2) appointment n. 任命; 预约; 约会; 委任 make/have an appointment(with sb) (与某人)预约/约会 keep/break an appointment 守约/失约 18. elect vt.选举；推选 elect sb as/to be 选举某人为... elect to do 决定/选择做某事 election n.选举；当选 elected adj.当选的 19. tend vt.照顾；照料　vi.倾向；趋于 tend (to) sb./sth. =attend to sb./sth. 照料/护理某人；照管某物 tend to/towards do sth. 易于做某事，往往会发生某事 她丈夫生病期间，她无微不至地照顾他。 She tended (to) her husband carefully during his illness. 人们年纪大时往往会发胖。 People tend to get fat when they grow older. 词语积累： tendency n．趋势；倾向 a tendency to do sth.做某事的倾向 There is a growing tendency to regard money more highly than quality of life. 越来越多的人倾向于把金钱看得重于生活质量。 13 20. retire vi. & vt.退休；退职；(因伤)退出(比赛等) retire from... 从……退休 retire as... 以……职位退休 retire from office/service 退职/退役 retired adj.退休的，退职的 a retired teacher一位退休教师 retirement n．退休，退职 take early retirement提前退休 retiree n.退休人员；歇业者 21. scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 从那以后，他变得非常害怕蜘蛛。 After that he became very scared of spiders. 他们太累了，也太害怕失败了。 They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing. 我非常害怕，以至于不知如何是好。 I was so scared that I didn’t know what to do? be scared of (doing) sth. 害怕某物 be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 be scared that... 害怕…… (1) scare vt. 惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 n. 惊吓 It scares sb. to do sth.做某事使某人感到害怕 scare... away/off 吓走/吓跑… scare sb. into doing sth.威胁/恐吓某人做某事 scare sb. to death把某人吓得要死 (2)scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的 a scary movie 恐怖电影 ①When we are getting excited, angry or _______ (scare), our bodies also go through many physical changes. ②The atmosphere was _______ and we felt ________ staying in the room. (scare) ③We were all scared _______ (go) to the cemetery. ④She was __________________ (害怕进入) the yard because she was __________________ (害怕被咬) by the big dog lying at the gate. scared scary scared to go scared to enter scared of being bitten 22. sharp adj.急剧的 ；锋利的；明显的 sharply adv.严厉地，尖锐地；急剧地 eg: fall sharply 急剧下降 sharpen v.（使）变锋利；（使）加剧 23. insurance n.保险；保险业 insure v.给……投保 ensure v.确保，保证 accept v. → acceptance n. annoy v. → annoyance n. appear v. → appearance n. perform v. → performance n. guide v. → guidance n. ignore v. → ignorance n. enter v. → entrance n. 拓展延伸 24. energetic adj.精力充沛的 energetically adv.精力充沛地 energy n.精力，活力；能量 full of energy 精力充沛 have the energy to do sth. 有精力做某事 25. replace vt.接替；取代；更换 replacement n.代替，更换；取代 replaceable adj. 可代替的 irreplaceable adj. 不能替代的 replace A with B 用B取代A replace sb as… 取代某人成为 be in one’s place = take the place of sb = take one's place 代替 26. accident n.事故；意外 accidental adj.意外的，偶然的；附带的 accidentally adv.意外地，偶然地 by accident = by chance 偶然地 by design = on purpose 故意地 27. operation n.手术;经营 operate v.操作；运转 operator 操作员 do/perform an operation on... = operate on... 给……做手术 put sth into operation 使……运转 28. whisper vi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n.耳语声；低语声 whisper (sth.) to sb对某人耳语 in a whisper/in whispers= in a low voice 耳语地;低声地 29. assist vt.帮助；援助 assistant n.助理 assistance n.帮助，援助 assist sb to do sth = assist sb in (doing) sth/with sth. 帮助某人做某事 offer/provide assistance to sb 给某人提供帮助 with the assistance/help of sb在某人的帮助下 30. import n.进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进 export n.出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播 im-,in- ① “不，无，非” ② “向内，进入” impossible 不可能的 incapable 无能力的 indoor 户内的 ex- ①“出去” ②“前面的” exchange 交流 expand 扩充，扩大 exceed 超出 ex-wife 前妻 imported exported adj. 31. memory n.记忆力；回忆 memorize vt.记住，熟记 memorial adj.纪念的，记忆的 n.纪念碑，纪念馆 memorable adj.值得纪念的 in memory of = in honor of 为纪念..... 32. tear n.眼泪；泪水 v. 撕碎，撕裂（熟词生义） burst into tears 突然大哭起来 burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑 tear v.（tore，torn）撕破；撕掉，拔掉 tear apart 撕毁；撕碎 tear down 拆除，拆掉 tear up 撕毁，撕碎（文件等） 33. harm n.& vt.伤害；损害 harmful adj.有害的，造成伤害的 harmless adj. 无害的 do harm to sb = be harmful to sb 对某人有害 34. despair n.绝望vi.绝望；感到无望 desperate adj.绝望的；渴望的 35. flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的 inflexible adj.不易弯曲的 flexibly adv.灵活地；易曲地 flexibility n.灵活性；弹性，柔性 拓展延伸 able adj.→ ability n. capable adj.→ capability n. possible adj.→ possibility n. responsible adj.→ responsibility n. 36. a great deal (of) 大量 修饰不可数名词 (1)a great deal of＋n.[U]大量的…… (2)a great deal大量，非常 ❶尽管困难重重，我付出的努力和她给予的鼓励最终帮我渡过难关。 Despite/In spite of a great deal of hardship, my efforts as well as her encouragement carried me through at last. ❷He has matured a great deal (=much) over the past year. 经过过去这一年，他成熟了许多。 many, many a, several (几个), a couple of (几个，两三个), (a) few (一些), a great/good many, a great/large number of +可数名词 much, (a) little, a large amount of, amounts of, a great deal of +不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, a quantity of, quantities of (谓语用复数), plenty of +可数/不可数 根据后接可数还是不可数的量词总结分类 37. tension n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑 tense adj.紧张的，焦虑的；绷紧的v.绷紧 n.（动词的）时态 拓展延伸 confuse v.→ confusion n. revise v.→ revision n. compete v.→ competition n. invite v.→ invitation n. decide v.→ decision n. solve v.→ solution n. apply v.→ application n. 1. illustrate v.（举例） ________ adj. __________ n. 2. entrust n.（交付） ______ v./n（相信，信任） 3. marriage n. _________ v. （结婚） 4. majority n.（大多数）______n./v（专业；主攻） _________（反义词） a. 少数的 5. complain n. __________ v.（抱怨） 6. respond v. ________ n. 回复 7. union n. _______ v. 联合 8. scholarship n. （奖学金）_________n. 学者 9. physician n. （内科医生）_________ n. （物理学家） _______ n. （物理）_________ a. （身体上的） 10. reject v. __________ n. 拒绝 11. appoint v. 任命 ___________ n. 任命；约会 12. elect.v __________ n.选举 illustrative illustration trust marry major minority response complaint physicist unite scholar rejection appointment election physics physical 14. publish v. 出版_________ a. 公众的 15. retire v. _________ n. 退休 16. saving n. （节省；存款）______ v.营救；节约 17. scare v. _______ a. _______ a. 吓人的 18. energetic a. （精力充沛的）________ n.精力 19. replace v. ___________ n.更换，取代 20. operation n. ________ v. 手术 21. assist v. __________ n. （帮助） ________ n.助理 22. memory n. _________ v. __________ adj. 值得纪念的 23. harm n. _______ a. 伤害 24. flexible a. _________ n. _________ ad.灵活 25. income n. 收入 _________ n.（结果） 26. sharp a.锋利的 ______ v.变锋利的 _________ n. 卷笔刀 public retirement save scared scary energy replacement operate assistant assistance memorize harmful flexibility outcome sharpen sharpener memorable flexibly ①It is not a good idea to replace meals _____ snacks. ②Such software can __________ (replace) with commercial software or simply taken out of service. ③ There is something wrong with my car, so I decide to replace it with a new one. →There is something wrong with my car, so I decide to use a new one __________ it. 单句语法填空/同义句转换 be replaced in place of with $$