考点串讲01 必修三Unit 1～Unit 4 教材知识梳理-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲（译林版2020）

高一下学期·期中考点串讲 必修三 Unit 1--Unit 4 译林版 目 录 CONTENT Unit 1-4 重点单词变形 Unit 1-4：重点短语 Unit 1-4：重点句型 Unit 1-4：重点词汇讲解 2 3 4 1 5 Unit 1-4：重点句型讲解 Unit1 Nature in the balance 一、重点单词 1. mass　　 n.大量;团,块,堆;一大群 adj.大批的,广泛的 2. towering  adj.高大的;高耸的;出色的 3. Impact n.影响,作用;撞击,冲撞 vt. & vi. 有影响,冲击 4. extinction n.灭绝,绝种 5. damage vt.& n.损害,伤害,破坏,损坏 6. track n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线 vt.&vi.跟踪,追踪 7. protest vi.反对,抗议 vt.反对;坚持声称,申辩 n.抗议,反对 8. profit n.利润,收益;好处 v.获益,得到好处 9. process n.过程,进程;步骤,流程 vt.加工,处理 10. recycle vt.回收利用,再利用 11. former adj.昔日的,前任的;以前的,从前的 12. further adj.更多的,更进一步的adv.较远,更远;进一步 vt.促进,增进 Unit1 Nature in the balance 二、重点单词变形 1. harm n. & vi. 损害;危害→harmful adj. 有害的→harmless adj. 无害的 2. region n. 地区,区域;行政区→regional adj. 地区的,区域的 3. long adj. 长的;冗长的→length n. 长度;长→lengthen vt. 加长 4. vary vi. 变化;变动→various adj. 各种各样的→variety n. 变化;多样(化);多变(性) 5. survive vi. & vt. 幸存;幸免;生还→survival n. 幸免;幸存;生还→survivor n. 幸存者;生还者  6. appear v. 出现→appearance n. 外貌,出现→disappear v. 消失→disappearance n. 消失 7. apply vt. 涂;敷;搽;应用;运用 vi. 申请;请求;使用→application n. 申请→applicant n. 申请人 8. organize vt. 组织;成立→organizer n. 组织者→organized adj. 有组织的→organization n. 组织 Unit1 Nature in the balance 二、重点单词变形 9. absolute adj. 绝对的,完全的→absolutely adv. 绝对地,完全地 10. entire adj. 完全的,彻底的→entirely adv. 完全地,全部地 11. defend v. 防卫,保护→defence n. 辩护;防御 12. economy n. 经济→economic adj. 经济的  13. official n. 官员 adj. 公务的,正式的→officially adv. 官方地 14. poison n. 毒药;毒害 vt. 毒害;使中毒→poisonous adj. 有毒的 15. chemical n. 化学制品 adj. 化学的→chemistry n. 化学→chemically adv.用化学,以化学方法 16. consequent adj. 作为结果的;随之发生的→consequence n. 结果;后果;重要性→consequently adv. 结果 Unit1 Nature in the balance 三、重点短语 1. in turn　　　　　 相应地,转而  2. break down  使分解(为),使变化(成)  3. breathe life into 给……带来起色,注入活力  4. due to 由于,因为  5. build up 逐渐增加,扩大  6. come up with 想出,想到  7. call for  (公开)要求,需要  8. spring to mind  突然记起(或想到)  9. get rid of 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉  10. give rise to 使发生(或存在)  Unit1 Nature in the balance 四、重点句型 1.倍数关系句型 With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.  亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,是中国国土面积的一半以上。 2.完全倒装句 Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。  3.judging from...根据……判断 What do you think this script is about judging from the title and pictures?  根据标题和图片,你认为这个节选讲了什么? Unit1 Nature in the balance 四、重点句型 4.独立主格结构 The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent.亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家,以及一块法国的海外领地,都位于南美洲大陆。  5. even though 引导的从句 We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs.   我们一直在采取各种措施,包括使用新技术,以减少生产过程中的污染,尽管这些措施提高了我们的生产成本。 6. with复合结构 With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.  鉴于污染程度不断加重,诺盖特市环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、重点单词 1. crash n. 碰撞声,破裂声;碰撞;崩溃vi. & vt. 碰撞,撞击;崩溃 2. signal n. 信号,暗号;标志;信号灯vi. & vt. 发信号,示意;标志 3. supply vt. 供应,供给,提供n.补给,补给品;供应;供应量,储备 4. flood  n.洪水,水灾;大量 vi. & vt. 淹没,泛滥;大量涌入;充满 5. otherwise adv. 否则,不然,除此以外 6. rescue n. & vt. 救援,营救,抢救 Unit 2 Natural disasters 二、重点单词变形 1. injure v. 伤害→injured adj. 受伤的→ injury n. 伤害  2. react vi. 作出反应,回应→reaction n. 反应;抗拒 3. confirm vt. 证实,确认;使确信,批准→confirmation n. 证实,确认,批准 4. occur v. (occurred, occurred) 发生,出现,存在于→occurrence n. 发生;发生的事情  5. relief n. 宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济→relieve vt. 减轻或解除(痛苦、困苦或忧虑等)→relieved adj. 感到宽慰的,放心的 6. destroy v. 破坏→destructive adj. 引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏(或毁灭)性的→destruction n. 破坏 7. inform vt. 了解,熟悉;通知→information n. 信息→informed adj. 有学问的;有见识的 8. shock vt. 使震惊 n. 震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 感到震惊的 Unit 2 Natural disasters 二、重点单词变形 9. scare v. 惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊吓→scared adj. 害怕的→scary adj. 恐怖的,吓人的 10. power n. 电力;权力;政权→powerful adj. 强大的,强有力的→powerless adj. 无力的 11. donate v. 捐赠,赠送;献(血)→donation n. 捐赠,赠送  12. curious adj. 好奇的,奇特的→curiosity n. 好奇→curiously adv. 好奇地 13. erupt v. 爆发;突然发生→eruption n. 爆发;喷发 14. distant adj. 遥远的,久远的→distance n. 遥远,久远;距离;疏远;差异 15. sharp adj. 灵敏的,锋利的→sharply adv. 急剧地,锋利地→sharpen v. 使锋利 16. locate vt. 找出……的准确位置→location n. 位置 17. retire v. 退休→retirement n. 退休 Unit 2 Natural disasters 三、重点短语 1. at large 　　 整个,全部   2. roll call　　 点名  3. safe and sound  安然无恙的  4. occur to 被想到,浮现在脑中  5. keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静  6. run out of 用完,耗尽  7. take the form of 呈现……的形状,采取……的形式  8. break out 突然开始,爆发  9. far and wide 到处,各处  10. hold on to 抓紧,不放松  Unit 2 Natural disasters 四、重点句型 1. be doing sth.when... 正在做某事就在这时…… Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. 弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课,这时地板开始摇晃起来。  2. in case 引导目的状语从句 At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.  同时布朗女士迅速打开了教室的门,以防门在摇晃中损坏而无法打开。 3. It occurred to sb. that... 某人突然想到…… It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.  她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的前兆。 Unit 2 Natural disasters 四、重点句型 4. might have done 本来可以做某事 Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 火山岩忽明忽暗,讲述着几度喷发的往事,这本可以警告这座城市里的人们,即将到来的是什么!  5. as if 引导的状语从句,省略了主语和be动词 Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday.  它的墙壁焕然一新,仿佛昨天粉刷过一样。 6. The moment 引导时间状语从句 The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.晃动一停止,布朗女士意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。  Unit 3 The world online 一、重点单词 1. extent n. 程度;范围;限度 2. affair n. 事情;事件;公共事务,政治事务 3. comment n. 评论,议论;指责;批评 vi.&vt.表达意见 4. surf vt. & vi. (互联网上)冲浪;浏览;进行冲浪运动 5. request vt. 要求,请求 n. 请求,要求;要求的事 6. remove vt. 删除;移走;开除 7. quit vt. & vi.离开;放弃;停止;戒掉 8. reveal vt.显出;透露;揭示;展示 Unit 3 The world online 二、重点单词变形 1. obvious adj. 明显的;显著的→obviously adv. 显然,明显地 2. commerce n. 贸易;商业;商务→commercial adj. 商业的;营利的 n. 广告 3. deliver vt. 传送;宣布;发表;递送→delivery n. 交付;分娩;递送 4. arrange vt. 安排;整理→arrangement n.布置;安排;约定;排列 5. establish vt. 建立(关系或联系),创立;确立;查实;确定;使得到认可→establishment n. 确立,制定;公司 6. instant adj. 立即的;立刻的;方便的→instantly conj.一……就…… Unit 3 The world online 二、重点单词变形 7. access n. 机会,权利;入径,通道 vt.到达,进入,使用→accessible adj. 可达到的;易接近的;易懂的 8. technique n. 技巧,技术;手法→technical adj. 专门技术的;专业的;技能的,技术的 9. addict n. 对……入迷的人;瘾君子→addicted adj. 沉溺于某种(尤其是不良的)嗜好的;入了迷的 10. scare v. (使)害怕;受惊吓;吓跑→scary adj. (事物)可怕的;恐怖的;吓人的 11. appreciate vt. 欣赏;感激;领会;赏识→appreciation n. 欣赏,鉴别;感谢 12. entertain vt. 使快乐;款待,招待→entertainment n. 娱乐活动;招待,娱乐 13. aware adj. 知道,意识到;察觉到,发觉;有……意识的→awareness n. 认识,意识 Unit 3 The world online 三、重点短语 1. take off 　　　　　 起飞;脱下;突然大受欢迎,迅速流行 2. to a certain extent 在一定程度上  3. at one’s fingertips 掌握(信息);熟悉、精通(知识等),了如指掌  4. bring up 使显示在计算机屏幕上,调出,提出  5. above all else 最重要的是,尤其是  6. belong to 属于,归……所有  7. set up 创建;建立  8. be glued to sth. 全神贯注看着某物,离某物很近  9. shoot past 飞驰而过  10. knock sb.off one’s feet  撞倒某人,使某人双脚离地 11. be lost in 全神贯注,沉浸于  12. cut back on 减少;削减  Unit 3 The world online 四、重点句型 1. could have done表示与过去相反的虚拟语气 Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling that this little machine had taken up too much of my time, and that I could have done something more meaningful than just looking at a tiny screen all day.  有时我有一种不舒服的感觉,这个小机器占用了我太多的时间,我本可以做一些更有意义的事情,而不是整天只盯着一个小屏幕。 2.独立主格结构 Head down, eyes on my smartphone, I stepped into the road and a car shot past, nearly knocking me off my feet!   我低着头,眼睛盯着我的智能手机,走到路上,一辆汽车从我身边飞 驰而过,差点把我撞倒! 3.形容词比较级的否定形式表示最高级意义 We had never felt closer to each other.  我们从未感到彼此如此亲密过。 Unit 3 The world online 四、重点句型 4. with复合结构 The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient,with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce, more commonly known as e-commerce.  互联网通过电子商务——也就是通常所说的电商——提供应有尽有的商品和服务,给我们的生活带来了难以置信的便利。 5.完全倒装句 Gone are the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots.  为了买一双理想的靴子,一家店接一家店去找的日子已经一去不复返了。 6. only引导倒装句 Only in this way can the Internet be a place of discovery, wonder and inspiration for everyone.唯有如此,互联网才能成为每个人的 发现之地、奇妙之所、灵感之源。  Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、重点单词 1. deadly adj. 致命的;非常的;十足的;彻底的 2. experiment n. 实验,试验;尝试 vi. 尝试;做试验;进行实验 3. postpone vt. 延期;延迟 4. sufficient adj. 足够的;充足的 5. illustrate vt. 阐明,举例说明;加插图于 6. accident n. 事故;意外; 意外事件,偶然的事 7. credit n. 信用;学分;信任;认可 vt. 存入金额;把……归于 8. negate vt. 否定;取消,使无效 9. charge vt.&vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管 10.publish vt. 出版;发表;公布 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 二、重点单词变形 1. survive vt. 幸存;生还;幸免于→survival n. 幸存,残存物;生存→survivor n. 幸存者;生还者;残存物 2. broad adj. 宽的,辽阔的→broaden vi. 扩大,变阔;变宽vt. 使扩大;使变宽 3. vi. 参考;涉及;提到;查阅→reference n. 参考,参照;涉及,提及 4. benefit n. 利益,好处vt. 有益于→beneficial adj. 有益的,有用的 5. intelligent adj. 智能的;聪明的→intelligence n. 智力;理解力;才智,智慧 6. favour n. 偏爱;赞同,帮助 vt. 赞成;较喜欢;有助于→favourable adj. 有利的;良好的;赞成的 7. involve vt. 包含;牵涉;使陷于;潜心于→involvement n. 参与;牵连;包含 8. apply vt. & vi. 申请;涂,敷;应用→application n. 应用;申请;应用程序;敷 9. ignore vt. 驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬→ignorant adj. 无知的;愚昧的 →ignorance n. 无知,愚昧;不知 10. permit vi. & vt.许可;允许 n. 许可证,执照→permission n. 允许,许可 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 二、重点单词变形 11. responsible adj. 负责的,可靠的→responsibility n. 责任,职责;义务 12. intend vt.&vi.想要,计划;意指→ intended adj.预期的,计划的,打算的→ intention n.打算,计划,目的 13. limit vt.&n.限制,限定;界限,限度 → limited adj.有限的→ limitation n.限制,局限 14. contain vt.包含;容纳;克制→ container n.容器;集装箱,货柜 15. wise adj.明智的,英明的,充满智慧的→ wisdom n.智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智 → wisely adv.明智地,英明地 16. conduct vt.&vi.组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止→conductor n.指挥;售票员;导体 17. surround vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的 →surroundings n.周围的事物;环境 18. free adj.自由的;免费的→freedom n.自由→freely adv.自由地;畅通地 19. declare vt.表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报→ declaration n.表明,宣称;公布,宣布 20. nation n.国家;民族→national adj.国家的;民族的→nationality n.国籍;民族 21. marry vi.&vt.结婚;嫁;娶;把……嫁给→marriage n.结婚,婚姻;已婚状态 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 三、重点短语 1. refer to　　　　　　 参考;查阅;涉及;指的是  2. speed up (使)加速  3. pay off 成功;奏效;达到目的  4. through trial and error 反复试验  5. by accident 偶然;意外地  6. with a bang 很成功;引人注意;有强烈影响  7. let sb. down 使某人失望  8. as to 至于;关于  9. take it for granted 想当然地认为;认为……是理所当然   10. put forward 提出;提议;建议  Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 四、重点句型 1.序数词后不定式作定语 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.   屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家,她获奖是因为她在抗击人类历史上最致命的疾病之一——疟疾方面做出的贡献。 2.过去分词短语作状语 Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载,古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物,受此启发,屠呦呦重新设计了实验,为了不破坏其有效成分,她尝试在低温下提取这种草药。  3.It is/was+adj.+to do However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 四、重点句型 research resources were limited.  然而,由于研究资源有限,很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。 4. find+宾语+宾语补足语 The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning interesting for years, believing it was actually electricity. 故事是这样的:多年来,富兰克林发现闪电很有趣,他认为它实际上是电。  5. be of +名词 The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.  科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详:科学知识让我们能做各种各样的事,造不同种类的东西。 6. it充当形式宾语 Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.  如今,我们科学家理所当然地认为,(人类)生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 Unit1 Nature in the balance 一、重点词汇句型讲解 1. harm n. [U]伤害,损害(可用no, great, much, a lot of修饰) vt. 伤害,损害 归纳拓展 (1) 对某人有害 there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处 (2)harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的 As we know, getting angry not only does harm to/is harmful to one’s health but also has a bad effect on the relationship between people.  我们都知道,生气不仅有害健康,而且严重影响人们之间的关系。 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、重点词汇句型讲解 2. variety n. 不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体 归纳拓展 (1)a variety of = varieties of = various 各种各样的 (2)vary vi. 相异;变化 vary in 在……方面不同 vary with 随……而变化 vary according to 根据……而变化 vary from...to...=vary between...and... 从……到……不等 vary from place to place 因地而异 vary from person to person 因人而异 (3)various (adj.)=varied 各种各样的 误区释疑 a variety of、 varieties of后接可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; 后接不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。the variety of+复数名词, 意为“……的品种”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、重点词汇讲解 3. survive vi. 生存,存活 vt. 幸存,幸免于难 归纳拓展 (1)survive on　　　　靠……生存 struggle to survive 为了生存而挣扎 survive the attack/ earthquake 在袭击/地震中幸免于难 survive the crisis 渡过危机 survive sb.by... 比某人多活…… (2)survival　　　　n.生存;幸存 (3)survivor n.幸存者,生还者 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、重点词汇句型讲解 4. impact n. 影响,作用;撞击,冲撞 vi. & vt. 有影响,冲击 归纳拓展 (1)have no impact on/upon　对……没有影响 (2)have/make/leave an effect/influence on/upon=affect/influence... 对……有影响 (3)have no effect on/upon 对……没有影响 (4)make a difference (to) (对……) 有影响 (5)make no difference (to) (对……)没有影响,没有作用 We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.  我们可以看到,人工智能已经在很多方面对我们的生活产生了影响。 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、重点词汇讲解 5. defence n. 辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守 知识归纳 (1)in defence of　 为保卫……;为……辩护 in one’s defence 为某人辩护 a defence against 对……的防御物 flood defences 防洪设施 (2)defend vi. & vt. 保护,防护;防卫 defend...against/from... 　保卫……免受…… I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.  我得为她说句话,她事先并不知道此事。 The true essence of Chinese Kung fu is training one’s body, heart and defending oneself.  中国功夫真正的本质是锻炼身体、磨炼心智和防身。 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、重点词汇句型讲解 6. consequence n. 结果,后果;重要性 归纳拓展 (1)as a consequence = in consequence (= as a result)　　　结果,因此 as a consequence of = in consequence of (= as a result of) 作为……的结果,由于 take/ suffer/ face the consequences (of sth.) 承担/遭受/面临(某事的)后果 of little/ no consequence 不重要的,无足轻重的 (2)consequent adj.随之发生的 (3)consequently adv. 结果,因此 In consequence of human activities, which some people think are of little consequence to the environment, natural disasters often occur in recent years. Last year, drought and consequent famine struck most of the country. Consequently, we must change the idea and stop doing what is harmful to the environment. 因为有些人认为人类活动对环境无足轻重,近年来自然灾害频发。去年, 干旱以及随之而来的饥荒袭击了国家的大部分地区。因此,我们必须改 变观念,不要再做一些对环境有害的事了。 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、重点词汇讲解 7. application n. 应用,运用;申请 归纳拓展 (1) apply　　vt. & vi. 申请;涂,敷;应用 apply for 申请 apply A to B 将A应用于B apply to 适用于 apply oneself to (doing) sth. 某人专心致志于(做)某事 apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物 (2)applicant n. 申请人 ③When applying to our company for the position, you should attach a recent photograph to your application form.If you succeed, you ought to apply yourself to your work.  在向我们公司申请该职位时,你应该在你的申请表上贴一张近照。 如果申请成功,你应该专心致志做你的工作。 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、重点词汇讲解 8. break down 使分解(为),使变化(成);发生故障;失败 归纳拓展 (1)break out (战争等)爆发 (2)break in 强行闯入;插话,打断 (3)break into 破门而入;突然开始(笑、唱等) (4)break through 突围;突破 (5)break up 打碎;(关系)破裂 (6)break off 折断;断开;中断 ③When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.  当一只美洲豹死后,一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体,并将营养物质反补给土壤。 <学以致用:应用文写作之演讲稿> ④If you carry on working like this, you’ll break down sooner or later.  如果你继续这样工作,你的身体迟早会垮掉。 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、重点词汇讲解 9. With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.  亚马孙雨林面积约为600万平方千米,是中国国土面积的一半以上。 句型剖析 (1)A is + 倍数 + the size/ weight/ height /length/ width...+of B (2)A is + 倍数 + as +形容词/副词原级 + as B (3)A is + 倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than B (4)A is + 倍数 + what从句 归纳拓展 (1)表示“两倍”时用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上用“基数词+times”表达。 (2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语来表达。 The new stadium being built will be twice the size of the playground.(size)  The new stadium being built will be twice as big as the playground.(as)  正在修建的新体育馆将是操场的两倍大。 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、重点词汇句型讲解 1. injure vt. 伤害,使受伤;损害 归纳拓展 (1)be/get badly/ seriously injured　严重受伤 injure one’s pride/ feelings 伤害某人的自尊/情感 (2)injury n.受伤 do sb./oneself an injury=do an injury to sb./oneself 使某人/自己受到伤害 protect from injury 防止受伤 serious/severe injury 重伤 (3)injured adj.受伤的 the injured 伤员 In Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!……在巴西，人们给一只在森林大火中受伤的乌龟一个新的3D打印壳！ She fell and slightly injured her arm. 她跌倒了，手臂受了轻伤。 She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal. 她克服伤病赢得了奥运金牌。 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、重点词汇句型讲解 2. occur vi. 发生,出现;存在于 归纳拓展 (1)sth.occur(s) to sb.　　　 (主意或想法)被某人想到 (2)It occurs to sb.that... 某人想到…… (3)It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人想到做某事 误区释疑 (1)occur没有被动语态,不用于进行时;occur作谓语时,主语不能是人。 (2)表示“发生”的常见动词(短语)还有:happen、take place等。 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、重点词汇句型讲解 3. relief n. 宽慰,轻松;救济;减轻,消除 归纳拓展 (1)in relief 　　　　 如释重负;松了口气 to one’s relief 使某人欣慰的是 It is a relief to do sth. 做某事令人欣慰 What a relief! 终于放心了! sigh with relief 松了口气 disaster relief 赈灾 relief work 救济工作 pain relief 疼痛的缓解 (2)relieve vt. 减轻,缓和;解除(职务) relieve one’s pain/pressure 减轻、缓和某人的痛苦/压力 relieve sb.of sth. 减轻某人的负担;解除某人的职务 (3)relieved adj. 感到欣慰的 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、重点词汇句型讲解 误区释疑 Much to my relief, the car was not damaged and my family were all safe. 令我非常庆幸的是, 车并没有损坏，我的家人也都安然无恙。 She sighed with relief when she heard the good news. 听到这个好消息，她松了一口气。 Robots can relieve people of dull and repetitive work. 机器人可以把人们从枯燥和重复的工作中解救出来。 to one’s relief使某人欣慰的是,为了强调,可在to前面加much或者 relief前加great,意为“使某人非常欣慰的是”。有相同用法的词 还有:surprise, joy, regret等。 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、重点词汇句型讲解 4. rescue n. & vt. 营救,救援,抢救 归纳拓展 (1)a rescue team　救援队 rescue workers 救援人员 rescue operation 救援行动 a daring sea rescue 一次勇敢的海上营救 come to the/ one’s rescue 搭救某人 (2)rescue...from... 从……中/处救…… He rescued a child from drowning. 他救起了一名落水儿童。 At midnight, we finally rescued the tourists who were trapped in the valley. 午夜时,我们终于救出了被困在山谷中的游客。 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、重点词汇句型讲解 5. signal vi. & vt. 发信号,示意;标志 n. 信号,暗号;标志;信号灯 归纳拓展 (1)signal (to) sb.to do sth.　　示意某人做某事 signal (to) sb.that... 示意某人…… (2) give a signal (to sb.) (向某人)发信号 She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.  她示意学生们用手抱着头,排好队,有序离开教室。 In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was moving about upstairs.  为了不让别人听见,她向上伸出手指示意有人在楼上走动。 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、重点词汇句型讲解 6. confirm vt. 证实,确认;使确信;批准 归纳拓展 (1)confirm that/ wh-...　　　　证实…… (2)It has been confirmed that... 已经证实…… (3)confirm sb.in sth. 使某人确信某事 (4)confirm sb.as sth. 任命某人担任某职位 It has been confirmed that we will go to climb a mountain, where we can have a picnic.  已经确定我们将要去爬山,在那里我们可以野餐。 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、重点词汇句型讲解 7. in case 以防万一 归纳拓展 (1)in case of　　　　　 万一,如果 (2)in case of emergency 万一发生紧急情况 (3)in no case 决不,无论如何都不 (4)in this case 既然这样,如果这样的话 (5)in that case 既然那样,如果那样的话 (6)in any case 无论如何,不管怎样 (7)in many cases　　　 在很多情况下 (8)in most cases 在大多数情况下 Set down what the teacher said in case you might forget it. 把老师说的话记下来，以免你可能会忘记。 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、重点词汇句型讲解 8. Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake.地面开始晃动时,弗尔蒙特小学的校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课。   句型剖析 (1)在was/were doing...when...的句式中,when 作并列连词,引出一个突然发生的动作,when 相当于and then或and at that time。 (2)sb. was on the point of doing ...when...　　　某人正要做……这时…… (3)sb. had just done...when... 某人刚做完……这时…… (4)sb. was about to do...when... 某人正要做……这时…… I was wondering whether to participate when my English teacher came by, telling me that it was a good chance to display my talent.  我正在考虑是否参加,这时,我的英语老师来了告诉我这是一个 展示我才能的好机会。 Unit 3 The world online 一、重点词汇句型讲解 1. access n. 接触的机会；通道，入口 v. 进入；使用 归纳拓展 (1)accessible adj. 可接近的；可使用的；易懂的 (2)access n. 接触的机会；通道，入口 v. 进入；使用 have/get/obtain/gain access to 拥有……的机会；可以接触/接近/进入…… have no access to 没有……的机会；无法接触/接近/进入…… access to 接近……的机会；去……的通路 误区警示 access前通常不加冠词且以上含有access或accessible的短语中的to是介词。 Our school stadium is accessible to us students，and we can get easy access to it when taking exercise, but we have no access at weekends. 我校体育馆对我们学生开放，我们锻炼时能很方便地使用。 但是周末不开放。 Unit 3 The world online 一、重点词汇句型讲解 2. deliver vt. 递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出 归纳拓展 deliver sth to sb 把某物递送给某人 deliver a speech发表演讲 delivery n. 递送，交付；分娩；演讲方式 We are delighted to have Professor Tim deliver a lecture on how to protect eyes. 我们很高兴请到蒂姆教授做一个关于如何保护眼睛的讲座。 Unit 3 The world online 一、重点词汇句型讲解 3. arrangement n. 安排；布置；约定；排列 归纳拓展 arrange v. 安排，筹备；布置 make arrangements for 为……做安排 •arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事 arrange to do sth. 安排做某事 Our school will arrange an exhibition of Chinese paintings in the school hall. I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for the art feast. 我校将在学校礼堂安排一次中国画展览。我真诚地 希望你能抽出一些时间来参加这次艺术盛宴。 Unit 3 The world online 一、重点词汇句型讲解 4. instant adj. 立刻的，立即的；速食的，速溶的 n. 瞬间，片刻 归纳拓展 (1) instantly adv. 立即，马上conj. 一……就……=the instant (2)for an instant 一瞬间；片刻 in an instant 立刻；马上 (3)表示“一……就……；刚刚……就……”的结构还有：as soon as. . . 、the minute/moment/second. . . 、immediately/directly. . . 、hardly/scarcely. . . when. . . 、no sooner. . . than. . . 、on/upon doing sth. 。 The instant/Instantly Lily saw the shoes, her face lit up. 莉莉一看到那双鞋，就喜笑颜开。 In an instant/Instantly, he took off his coat and jumped into the water. 他立刻脱下了大衣，跳进了水里。 Unit 3 The world online 一、重点词汇句型讲解 5. comment n. 议论，评论；批评，指责 vi. & vt. 评论；表达意见 归纳拓展 comment on/upon 对……进行评论 make a comment/comments on/about 对……进行评论 make no comment on 对……不进行评论 He made no comments on the cause of the disaster. 对于灾难的原因他没做任何评论。 Would you care to comment on/upon any troublesome students in your class?你愿意谈谈你对你们班上调皮学生的看法吗？ He commented that this novel was a masterpiece of American literature. 他评论说这部小说是美国文学中的杰作。 Unit 3 The world online 一、重点词汇句型讲解 6. aware adj. 意识到的，知道的；察觉到的 归纳拓展 (1)be aware that ...　　　 知道，体会到…… be/become aware of 知道/意识到 make sb. aware of/that ... 使某人意识到 (2)awareness n. 认识，意识 raise awareness about/of 提高对……的认识 I did not become aware of the danger until he warned me.直到他警告我，我才意识到危险。 James was not aware that his own weakness was his greatest enemy. 詹姆斯没有意识到他自己的弱点是他最大的敌人。 We must further raise awareness of the importance of emergency work. 我们要进一步提高对应急工作重要性的认识。 Unit 3 The world online 一、重点词汇句型讲解 7. request vt. 要求，请求 n. 要求，请求；要求的事 归纳拓展 (1)request sb. to do sth.　　　　　　 请求某人做某事 request that ... (should) do sth. 请求…… It is requested that ... (should) do sth. 据要求…… (2)make a request for sth./that ... 请求；要求…… at the request of sb./at sb.'s request 应某人的要求用法点拨　 温馨提示 动词request后的宾语从句及名词request之后的表语从句或 同位语从句的谓语动词要用“should do”形式， should可以省略。 Unit 3 The world online 一、重点词汇句型讲解 8. appreciate vt. 欣赏，赏识；感激，感谢；理解；意识到 appreciate doing... 欣赏/感激做…… I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激。 •appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；理解 in appreciation of 欣赏；感激 I would appreciate it if you could give me such an opportunity to show you that a healthy environment and economic development could be possible at the same time. 如果您能给我这样一个机会，让我向您证明健康的 环境和经济发展是可以同时实现的，我将不胜感激。 Unit 3 The world online 一、重点词汇句型讲解 9. cut back on 减少，削减，缩减 cut off 切断(供应)；中断(电话通话等) cut down 砍倒 cut out 删除；裁剪 cut up 切碎；伤心 cut in 插嘴；干预 Unit 3 The world online 一、重点词汇句型讲解 10. “only＋状语”位于句首引起倒装　 Only in this way can the Internet be a place of discovery，wonder and inspiration for everyone. 唯有如此，互联网才能成为每个人的发现之地、奇妙之所、灵感之源。 用法点拨　 only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。其结构为：only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词be＋主语＋其他。 “only＋状语从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装； (2)only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。 Only in this way can we experience the pleasure of working. 只有以这种方式，我们才能体会到劳动的乐趣。 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、重点词汇句型讲解 1. intend vt. & vi. 想要,计划;意指 归纳拓展 (1)intended adj. 打算的;计划的 be intended for...=be meant for... 为……打算(或设计)的 be intended to do... 打算做……,旨在做…… (2)intention n. 意图,目的;企图 with the intention of... 有……的打算/目的 have no intention of doing sth.=have no intention to do sth. 无意做某事 误区释疑 intend用于过去完成时后接不定式to do时(即had intended to do sth.)表示“本打算做某事(实际却未做)”。有类似用法的词还有want, hope, plan等。 Originally, we had intended to go to Italy, but then we won the trip to Greece. 起初,我们打算去意大利,但后来获得机会去了希腊。 The words were more tart than she had intended. 话听起来太刻薄,她本没想这么刻薄。 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、重点词汇句型讲解 2. charge vt. & vi. 充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n. 收费;控告;谴责;掌管 归纳拓展 (1)charge sb. ...for sth.　　 为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 (2)take charge of 掌管/负责…… in charge of 控制/管理…… in the charge of 受……的管理; 由……负责 (3)free of charge=for free 免费 误区释疑 in charge of的主语多为人,指“某人负责/主管某事”;in the charge of的主语多为物,指“某物由某人掌管”。 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、重点词汇句型讲解 3. apply vt. & vi. 申请; 应用,使用;涂,抹;有关 归纳拓展 (1)apply sth. to... 某物应用于…… → [被动] be applied to... 被应用于…… apply...to... 把……涂到……上 apply (to sb.) for... (向某人)申请…… apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply to sb./sth. 涉及 (2) application n.[C, U] 申请,申请表;应用 (3) applicant n. [C] 申请人 (4) applied adj.应用的,实用的 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、重点词汇句型讲解 4. permit vt. & vi. (-permitted-permitted-permitting) 允许,准许,许可;使有可能 n. 许可证 归纳拓展 (1)permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 (2)permission n.[U] 允许;许可 without permission 未经允许 误区释疑 permit的同义词为allow,反义词为forbid Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、重点词汇句型讲解 5. postpone vt. 延迟,延期 归纳拓展 (1)postpone sth.(to/until...) 　推迟……(到……) postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事 (2)postponement n. 延迟,延期 误区释疑 表示“推迟,延期”的词或短语还有delay, put off, hold up等。 You should postpone making a decision until you have more information. The sports meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we’ve had to postpone it because of the weather. 你应该在收集更多信息之后再做决定。运动会本应该在周二召开,但因为天气,我们不得不将它推迟了。 The match has been postponed to a later date.  比赛已被推迟到以后的某个日期(举行)。 The postponement was due to a dispute over where the talks should be held. 延期是由于对在哪里举行会谈有争议。 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、重点词汇句型讲解 6. favour vt. 较喜欢;偏袒;有助于n. 帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒 归纳拓展 (1)ask sb.a favour = ask a favour of sb.　 请某人帮忙 do sb.a favour = give sb.a hand 　　　　帮某人忙 (2)in favour of 同意;支持;赞成 in one’s favour 有利于某人;对……有利 (3)favourite adj. 特别受喜爱的 n. 特别喜爱的人(或事物) Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、重点词汇句型讲解 7. declare vt. 表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报 归纳拓展 (1)declare war on...　　　(向……)宣战 declare for/against... 声明支持/反对…… declare sb./sth.(to be) +n./adj. 宣布某人/某物为…… declare + sth./that从句 宣布…… (2)declaration n. 宣告,宣布 the Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、重点词汇句型讲解 8. surround vt. 围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关 归纳拓展 (1)surround ...with ...　 用……包围/围绕…… be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围/环绕 (2)surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的 surroundings n. 环境(常用复数) 误区释疑 surroundings常用复数形式,表示周围具体的物质环境;而environment是集体名词,常用单数形式,表示对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、重点词汇句型讲解 9. beneficial adj. 有益的,有用的 归纳拓展 (1)be beneficial to...　对……有益,对……有用 (2)benefit v. 对……有用,使受益n. 益处 benefit from/by... 得益于,受益于 be of benefit to sb./sth. = be beneficial to sb./sth. =benefit sb./sth. = do good to sb./sth. 对……有益 for sb.’s benefit = for the benefit of sb. = for sb.’s sake 为某人的利益 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、重点词汇句型讲解 10. put forward 提出,提议,建议 归纳拓展 (1)put forward valuable suggestions　　提出宝贵意见 put forward a plan 提出计划 put forward trial protocol 提出试验方案 (2)put up 举起,建造 put away 放好;储存 put aside 把……放在一边 put back 放回原处 put down 放下;写下;平定 put off 推迟;拖延 put on 穿上;上演 put up with 忍受,容忍 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、重点词汇句型讲解 11. And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be, he is still in some doubt.  当他很确定结果会怎样时,他仍会有疑惑。 句型剖析 (1)介词后不跟that引导的宾语从句,这时需要用it作介词的形式宾语,再接that宾语从句;但what、which、whom等引导的宾语从句可放在介词后面。 (2)介词后可接whether引导的宾语从句,但不能接由if引导的宾语从句。 (3)what引导的宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。what可译为“……的东西/事情”。 Unit 1-4 基础练习 一、单词拼写 Already well over 400 of the total of 6800 languages are close to (灭绝), with only a few elderly speakers left. 2. The town walls were built as a d (防御) against enemy attacks. 3. The teacher (示意) to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line when the disaster happened. 4. The expression on his face (证实) my suspicions. extinction defense/efense/defence/efence signalled/signaled confirmed Unit 1-4 基础练习 一、单词拼写 5. (评估) the effects of low gravity on animals and plants is necessary when we conducted this scientific research. 6. He listened, (转移) his eyes from the girl in tears to her parents. 7. It is no use (惊慌失措) when you can’t find your way back; instead, stay calm and seek help. 8. If an event is highly enjoyable, (暂停) to take photographs will detract(减损) from your enjoyment, a study finds. Assessing shifting panicking pausing/ausing Unit 1-4 基础练习 一、单句语法填空 9. We have made all the (安排, 筹划) for the wedding. 10. The moment the famous singer appeared on stage, excited fans rushed forward, (围绕) him while shouting his name. arrangements/rrangement surrounding Unit 1-4 基础练习 二、单句语法填空 1. It is a universal truth that a smile can break barriers. 2. Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest (disappear) due to human activities. 3. (globe) trade plays a crucial role in promoting economic growth among countries. 4. It suddenly (occur) to me that I could have the book sent to me. 5. Opencast(露天开采的) coal mining is among the most environmentally (destroy) activities carried out in Wales. down has disappeared Global occurred destructive Unit 1-4 基础练习 一、单句语法填空 6. The pain in her knee became (bear) after hours of hiking, forcing her to stop and seek medical help. 7. (stuck) in the heavy traffic was the reason why I was late for the appointment. 8. The customer a refund yesterday. (request) 9. After lunch they drove out to their summer villa, in order to make (arrange) there for the winter. 10. In the harsh desert environment, finding water is crucial for the (survive) of all living things. unbearable Being stuck requested arrangements survival Unit 1-4 基础练习 三、单句写作 1. 校长的演讲为我们的校园生活注入了活力。 ________________________________________________________________ 2. 选择性培育的作物被改造得面目全非，使它们看起来与野生的祖先完全不同。 ________________________________________________________________ 3. 我们在写文章时应该掌握写作的一些要素，这样能让我们更好地写作。(allow sb. to do sth.) ________________________________________________________________ 4. 起初，他的计划是挣些钱在非洲挖一口井。 _______________________________________________________________ 5. 没有这次浪漫的乡村游，住在城市里的人不会有机会被大量牛羊环绕。 _______________________________________________________________ The headmaster’s speech breathed life into our school life. Selectively bred crops have been transformed beyond recognition, which makes them appear entirely different from their wild progenitors. We should master some elements of writing when writing articles, which allows us to write better. At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. People living in the city would never have the opportunity to be surrounded by a large number of cattle and sheep without this romantic trip to the countryside. Unit 1-4 基础练习 三、单句写作 6. 我们学校为学生提供了各种活动来发展不同的技能。 ________________________________________________________________ 7. 他们压低了声音，试图偷偷离开。 ________________________________________________________________ 8. 稍微了解一点英国历史将有助于你解开这个谜题。 ________________________________________________________________ 9. 面对困难，他从不丧失信心，这给我们树立了很好的榜样。 ________________________________________________________________ 10. 被这部纪录片深深打动，许多学生开始关注环境保护。 ________________________________________________________________ Our school provides students with a wide range of activities to develop different skills. They lowered their voices, attempting to sneak away. Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. Face with difficulties, he never loses heart, which sets an excellent example to us. Deeply moved by the documentary, many students began to pay attention to environmental protection. 感 谢 聆 听 译林版 $$