Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册创新导学案word（译林版2020）

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Pupils' lives spared during Falmont earthquake 学生们在弗尔蒙特地震中幸免于难 By Raymond Tran 18 March 雷蒙德·特兰报道 3月18日 FALMONT—On 17 March, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2：27 p．m. 弗尔蒙特——3月17日下午2点27分，弗尔蒙特小学的476名学生和36名教师躲过了一场地震。 Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. 尽管目前整个灾区共有7人死亡，200多人受伤，但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受了轻伤。 ①county n. 郡，县 ②injure vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害 ③disaster n. 灾害，灾难；彻底失败 ④at__large 整个，全部 Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. 艾丽斯·布朗，弗尔蒙特小学的校长，当地板开始摇晃时，她正在授课。 Her students' reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. 她的学生的反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。 At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时，布朗女士迅速打开了教室的门，以防它在摇晃中损坏而无法打开。 There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly. 尽管玻璃破碎和物体落地发出阵阵巨响，但是学生们仍然一动不动，沉着安静地等待着。 ⑤reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 ⑥crash n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃　vi.& vt.碰撞；撞击；崩溃 •The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 晃动一停止，布朗女士就感觉这是全班逃生的最佳时机。 She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 Within one minute and twenty seconds, the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground. 不到1分20秒，全班都下了楼梯，冲向操场。 ⑦signal vi.& vt. 发信号，示意；标志 n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 ⑧exit vi.& vt. 出去，离去，退场；退出　n. 出口，通道；离开 ⑨orderly adj. 有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的 ⑩stair n. 楼梯；梯级 ⑪名词短语The moment充当连词引导时间状语从句；动词sensed后是宾语从句。 Soon students from other classes arrived too. 很快，其他班的学生也赶到了。 •After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 ⑫roll n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚　vi.& vt. 翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 ⑬roll__call 点名 ⑭confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准 ⑮safe__and__sound 安然无恙的 ⑯hug vt. 拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 ⑰连词After引导时间状语从句；that引导宾语从句；现在分词laughing, crying and hugging在句中作伴随状语。 “We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year，” said Miss Brown, “so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.” 布朗女士说：“我们每年都会进行两次地震安全演练，所以在地震时，孩子们能够足够冷静地保护自己。” ⑱procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续 Girl saves 100 from tsunami 女孩从海啸中救出100人 By Jessie Cable 21 December 杰西·凯布尔报道 12月21日 NEWDALE—On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead. 纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的海面，造成数千人死亡。 Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life. 金海岸海滩是当地唯一一个在灾难中幸存下来，没有任何人员伤亡的海滩。 A 10­year­old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis. 一个10岁的女孩萨布丽娜·安德龙用她的海啸知识帮助了大约100人逃离危险。 ⑲tsunami n. 海啸 The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. 那天刚开始，金海岸海滩上和往常一样。 People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair. 人们在沙滩上散步，跑步，或者只是坐在沙滩上，享受着温暖的海风和拂过他们头发的柔和的风。 •Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd. 萨布丽娜是这些快乐游客中的一个，直到她注意到一些奇怪的事情。 “The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained. 她后来解释说：“水就像啤酒上面的气泡。” “It wasn't calm and it wasn't going in and then out. “当时水并不平静，也没有涨潮和退潮。 It was just coming in and in and in.” 它只是不断地涨潮，涨潮，涨潮。” Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson. 萨布丽娜刚在地理课上学到海啸知识。 It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。 ⑳odd adj. 奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 bubble n. 泡沫，泡，气泡 occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于 occur__to 被想到，浮现在脑中 连词until引导时间状语从句。 Sabrina was frightened, but she soon kept her head. 萨布丽娜很害怕，但她很快就保持了镇定。 She warned her parents of the danger, though at first they just thought she was joking. 她提醒父母有危险，尽管起初他们以为她是在开玩笑。 However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. 然而，萨布丽娜确信一场可怕的灾难就要来了，她不断要求父母找安全员谈谈。 To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 令她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到即将到来的危险。 •The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. 就在巨浪冲击海岸之前，海滩上的人迅速疏散了。 keep__one's__head (在困境中)保持冷静 relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 连词before引导时间状语从句。 1 injure vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害(教材P16) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①A number of bombs have exploded, seriously injuring at least five people. 一些炸弹爆炸了，至少有5人严重受伤。 ②There were no injuries in the crash. 撞车事故中无人受伤。 ③Ambulances took the injured to a nearby hospital. 救护车把伤者送到了附近的一所医院。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer ________ (injure)． ②Don't do that; you'll do yourself ________ injury. 答案：①injuries　②an (2)单句表达 你很难想象他左腿受伤时跑得有多快。 You can hardly imagine how fast he can run ____________________________． 答案：with his left leg injured 2 reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应(教材P16) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①I tried shaking him but there was no reaction. 我试着摇了摇他，但他一动不动。 ②A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company's recent losses. 一位发言人说，这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而作出的反应。 ③Local residents have reacted angrily to the news. 当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。 ④Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁和水及空气发生反应产生铁锈。 (1)单句语法填空 ①In the past, there was often an automatic ________ (react) to increased traffic: just widen the roads. ②Parents in Glasgow are reacting ________ the plan to shut down 25 primary schools. ③Some kinds of acids react ________ metals to cause chemical changes. 答案：①reaction　②against　③on (2)一句多译 聆听别人对你刚读过的书的反应会产生额外的乐趣。 Hearing ________________________ the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. ＝Hearing ______________________ the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 答案：how others react to; others' reaction to 3 The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.(教材P16) 震动一停止，布朗女士就感觉这是全班同学逃跑的最佳时机。 剖析 The moment引导时间状语从句。 归纳拓展 ①Be careful! The machine starts the moment you press the button. 小心点！你一按按钮机器就运转。 ②Immediately she'd gone, I remembered her name. 她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。 ③Upon/On arriving home I discovered they had gone. 我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。 (1)在no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ... 结构中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。 (2)若no sooner, hardly/scarcely位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。 Hardly had I got out the house when it began to rain. 我刚走出房子，天就开始下雨了。 (1)同义句转换 I fell in love with the house as soon as I saw it. →I fell in love with the house ____________ I saw it.(用the moment改写) →I fell in love with the house __________ I saw it.(用以­ly结尾的连词改写) →I fell in love with the house ________________ it.(用介词改写) 答案：the moment; immediately/directly/instantly; upon/on seeing (2)一句多译 我们一唱完这首歌，所有的观众都给了我们热烈的掌声。 ______________ we finished the song, all the audience gave us warm applause. (moment) ＝__________________________ finished the song than all the audience gave us warm applause. (部分倒装) 答案：The moment; No sooner had we 4 signal vi.& vt. 发信号，示意；标志　n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 ①Did you signal before you turned right? 右转弯前你示意了吗？ ②He signalled to us to join him. 他示意要我们去他那儿。 ③She signalled (that) it was time to leave. 她示意该走了。 ④The siren was a signal for everyone to leave the building. 警报器一响，就是要所有人离开大楼。 易混辨析：signal/sign/mark/symbol signal “信号”，常指约定俗成，用于传达某些信息的信号，也指灯光，声音或信号标志 sign “记号，标记”，可指符号(装置)，也可指情绪，性格的直观显示，还指具体的用于识别或指示的标志，如指标牌，借喻意为“征兆，迹象” mark “标志，标记”，指事物留下的深刻印象或某物上用于辨别该物品的附属物 symbol “象征；符号”，指被人们选出的物体或图案，用来代表另一事物，并作为该事物的标记或象征 ①All I get is a busy signal when I dial his number. 我什么时候拨他的电话听到的都是忙音。 ②The gloomy weather shows no sign of improving. 阴沉的天气没有丝毫转晴的迹象。 ③I put a mark in the margin to remind me to check the figure. 我在页边做了个记号来提醒我核对一下这个数字。 ④White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures. 在西方文化中，白色一向象征纯洁。 (1)单句语法填空 ①In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, ________ (signal): “Climb on me.” ②He signalled ________ the waiter for the bill. 答案：①signaling　②to (2)选词填空(symbol/sign/signal/mark) ①One ________ of a writer's greatness is that different minds can get a different inspiration from his works. ②In the British Army, crown, stars and stripes are ________ of military rank. ③A red light is a ________ of danger, which is even known to a five­year­old child. ④Noodles are a ________ of long life in Chinese culture. 答案：①mark　②signs　③signal　④symbol 5 orderly adj. 有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的(教材P16) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①It's a beautiful, clean and orderly city. 这是一座美丽、干净、整齐的城市。 ②All the procedures must be done in the correct order. 一切手续必须按正确顺序办理。 ③She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她早早到场，好找个好位置。 ④They ordered that for every tree cut down two more be planted. 他们要求每砍伐一棵树就要补栽两棵树。 orderly是形容词，类似的还有friendly, lovely, lively等。 (1)单句语法填空 ①She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and ________ perfect order. ②Since COVID­19 has largely been brought under control, people in China are returning to their work in an ________ (order) manner. ③It is ordered that the construction of the sports ground ________ (complete) next week. 答案：①in　②orderly　③(should) be completed (2)单句表达 为了获得更多点击，你最好告诉我你们西方人喜欢哪些中国文化。 ____________________ get more clicks, you'd better tell me which Chinese culture you westerners prefer. 答案：In order to 6 roll n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚　vi.& vt. 翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起(教材P16) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①The photographers had already shot a dozen rolls of film. 摄影师们已经拍完了一打胶卷。 ②Don't stop me now—I'm on a roll! 现在别阻止我，我正鸿运当头呢！ ③She rolled up her sleeves to wash her hands. 她卷起袖子洗手。 ④She rolled over to let the sun brown her back. 她翻了个身，让太阳把她的背晒黑点。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Stein rolled ________ the paper bag with the money inside. ②The ________ (roll) sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are. 答案：①up　②rolling (2)单句表达 ①他仍是摇滚乐界的一位杰出人物。 He remains a towering figure in ________________________. ②由于我们上诉的结果，钱滚滚而来。 As the result of our appeal, the money came ________________． 答案：①rock and roll　②rolling in 7 confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准(教材P16) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①Has everyone confirmed (that) they're coming? 他们是不是每个人都肯定过一定会来？ ②It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. 已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。 ③She glanced over at James for confirmation. 她瞟了詹姆斯一眼寻求确认。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He was confirmed ________ captain for the rest of the season. ②There has still been no official ________ (confirm) of the report. ③The latest evidence confirmed ________ his conclusion was right. 答案：①as　②confirmation　③that (2)句型转换 People confirm that a person can not be actually pleased if what he appreciate doing is ignored by the company as of no value. →__________________ that a person can not be actually pleased if what he appreciate doing is ignored by the company as of no value. 答案：It is confirmed 8 occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于(教材P17) 归纳拓展 ①The idea occurred to him in a dream. 这个主意是他在梦中想到的。 ②It never occurred to him that she would fail as she was so able and worked so hard. 他从来没有想到她会失败，因为她那么能干，工作那么努力。 ③Drunk driving, which was once a frequent occurrence, is now under control. 曾经经常发生的酒后驾车现在得到了控制。 表示“某人想起某事”的其他表达：sth strikes sb/It strikes sb that ...; sth comes to sb; It hits sb that ...。以上结构中主语不能是人，而是想到的事情或it作主语。 It strikes me that nobody is really in favour of the changes. 我觉得没人真正赞成这些变动。 It hits me all of a sudden that I have to buy a new bag. 我突然想起，我需要买一个袋子。 易混辨析：occur/take place/come about occur 指“偶然发生；意外发生”，常可换用，occur用法较正式 take place 多指“有计划或事先安排好的发生” come about 指“发生”，多用在否定句或疑问句中 ①The accident is reported to have occurred on the first Sunday in February. 据报道，事故发生在二月的第一个星期日。 ②The meeting should take place on the fifth of May. 会议应于5月5日举行。 ③Can you tell me how the accident came about? 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？ (1)单句语法填空 ①Complaints seemed to be an everyday ________ (occur)． ②It never occurred ________ me that Tom would be made chairman of Student Union. 答案：①occurrence　②to (2)选词填空(occur/take place/come about) ①Great changes ________ in our hometown during the past ten years. ②A big earthquake ________ in the south of China last month. ③When Mother woke up, she didn't know what ________． 答案：①have taken place　②occurred　③had come about (3)一句多译 马略卡突然想到这个岛屿不再属于他们。 __________________ Majorca that this island no long belonged to them. ＝________________ Majorca that this island no long belonged to them. ＝____________ Majorca that this island no long belonged to them. ＝____________ Majorca that this island no long belonged to them. 答案：It occurred to; It came to; It struck; It hit 9 keep one's head (在困境中)保持冷静(教材P17) 归纳拓展 ①Whatever difficulties he comes across, he always keeps his head. 无论遇到什么苦难，他都保持冷静。 ②I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother kept an eye on him. 我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。 ③In this age of information, those who can't use a computer can't keep pace with time. 在这个信息时代，不会用电脑的人就跟不上时代步伐。 (1)同义句转换 Do stay calm in case of fire and find the safe way out. →Do __________________ in case of fire and find the safe way out. 答案：keep your head (2)单句表达 老师必须记录学生的出勤情况。 Teachers must ____________________ students' attendances. 答案：keep a record of 10 relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济(教材P17) 归纳拓展 ①Behind me I could hear the other girls sigh in relief. 我能听到身后其他几个女孩如释重负地松了口气。 ②Much to my relief, the car was not damaged. 令我非常庆幸的是，车并没有损坏。 ③Being able to tell the truth at last seemed to relieve her. 能够最后讲出真话似乎使她感到轻松。 ④The new secretary will relieve us of some of the paperwork. 新来的秘书会减轻我们文案工作的一些负担。 ⑤You'll be relieved to know your jobs are safe. 现在知道你们的工作保住了，可以放心了。 (1)单句语法填空 ①These stories can ________ (relief) my stress and broaden my horizon. ②Quality counts less than attitude and effort—even stupid joke can relieve others ________ risk and embarrassment. 答案：①relieve　②of (2)单句表达 他告诉我们工作已经成功完成，这使我们如释重负地笑了。 He came to tell us that the work had been successfully completed, which made us smile ____________． 答案：in relief 11 inform vt. 了解，熟悉；通知(教材P19) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①Please inform us of any changes of address. 地址若有变动请随时通知我们。 ②Thousands of American citizens have informed on these organized crime syndicates. 成千上万的美国公民检举了这些有组织的犯罪集团。 ③We aim to help students make more informed career choices. 我们旨在帮助学生作出更有依据的职业抉择。 ④For further information on the diet, write to us at this address. 欲知规定饮食的详情，请按这个地址给我们写信。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He informed ________ his own brother. ②Then came more than 500 enquiries for detailed ________ (inform)． 答案：①on　②information (2)单句表达 迈克尔考虑得非常周到，他告诉我们他将耽搁一些时间，以防我们担心。 It was considerate of Michael to ______________ his delay in case we got worried. 答案：inform us of/about Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．The people there believe that fire helps drive away ________ (灾难) and misfortune. 答案：disaster 2．Police insist that Michael did not follow the correct ________ (程序) in applying for a visa. 答案：procedure 3．She leapt out of the back seat, and gave him a ________ (拥抱)． 答案：hug 4．We had to carry the piano up three flights of ________ (楼梯)． 答案：stairs 5．The ________ (怪异的) thing was that he didn't recognize me. 答案：odd 6．The t________ left chaos behind it. 答案：typhoon 7．Up to five million people a year visit the c________． 答案：county 8．Smoking and alcohol drinking i________ one's health and therefore should be given up. 答案：injure 9．He gave me a variety of examples to c________ that his prediction was correct. 答案：confirm 10．Her husband was killed in a car c________． 答案：crash Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．To write a good essay you must first organize your ideas in an ________ (order) way. 答案：orderly 2．What was the ________ (react) of the public to Mrs Robinson's decision? 答案：reaction 3．They were ________ (injure) by falling rocks. 答案：injured 4．Thank you for keeping me informed ________ what happened in time. 答案：of/about 5．It occurred ________ me that he was going to have a meeting that afternoon. 答案：to 6．It was a ________ (relieve) to be back in familiar surroundings. 答案：relief 7．After the ________ (destruct) earthquake what people needed badly were blankets, as it was very cold at night. 答案：destructive 8．There has still been no official ________ (confirm) of the report. 答案：confirmation 9．Truck drivers ________ large don't like the new speed restriction on the highway. 答案：at 10．Despite the storm, everyone on board was safe ________ sound. 答案：and Ⅲ.单句表达 1．这对整个世界来说可能是个好消息。 That could be good news for the world ____________________． 答案：at large 2．他妻子总是熬夜直到他安然无恙地到家。 His wife always stays up until he gets home __________________． 答案：safe and sound 3．他已经失去知觉，当我望着他的脸庞时，我想起了往事。 He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something __________________. 答案：occurred to me 4．我一转身，他就离开了，消失在人群中。 ______________ I turned around, he had left and disappeared in the crowd. 答案：The moment 5．无论情况有多糟，在紧急情况下我们都应努力保持镇定。 No matter how terrible the situation is, we should make an attempt to ________________ in an emergency. 答案：keep our head 课后课时作业(一) Ⅰ　阅读 A Northern Sumatra, Indonesia Magnitude (量级)—8.6, Date—March 28, 2005 An earthquake happened at Sumatra Islands in the touristy month of March. Being an island area, the earthquake gave rise toP1 a tsunami (海啸) wave and spread to areas as far as Sri Lanka. The number of deaths is about 1，500 with more than 400 people getting injured. Rat Islands, Alaska Magnitude—8.7, Date—April 02, 1965 This earthquake only happened inside water and all the losses were because of the tsunami waves caused by it. The quake gave rise to a huge tsunami causing a loss of thousands of dollars. The good news in this quake was that no human loss or injuriesW1 were reported in these islands. Bio Bio, Chile Magnitude—8.8, Date—February 27, 2010 This quake happened to take the lives of more than 500 people. The tsunami caused by this quake added toP2 the effectsW2 by forcing hundreds of thousands of people to leave their home, of which about 50 are still missing. The number of injured people reached a level of 1，200, thus making one of the worst earthquakes of the human history. Sumatra, Indonesia Magnitude—9.1, Date—December 26, 2004 Having its name twice in the list, it is clear that Sumatra comes in the area that is most prone (易于……的) to earthquakes. Just 3 months before the earthquake of 8.6 magnitude, this quake caused much more loss of life and wealth than the later one! The earthquake gave rise to a huge tsunami killing about 300 thousand people all around the countries of South Africa and South Asia. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍历史上发生的几次地震及其带来的影响。 1．The earthquake during which nobody was injured happened in ________． A．2005 B．1965 C．2010 D．2004 答案：B　细节理解题。根据Rat lslands, Alaska部分中最后一句“The good news in this quake was that no human loss or injuries were reported in these islands.”可知，没有人员伤亡的地震发生在1965年。故选B。 2．Which area is most likely to be hit by an earthquake? A．Sumatra. B．Rat Islands. C．Bio Bio. D．South Asia. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据Sumatra, Indonesia部分中的“it is clear that Sumatra comes in the area that is most prone (易于……的) to earthquakes”可知，苏门答腊岛是最容易发生地震的地区。故选A。 3．Where did one of the worst earthquakes of the human history happened? A．Rat Islands. B．Bio Bio. C．South Asia. D．Sumatra. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据Bio Bio, Chile部分中最后一句“The number of injured people reached a level of 1，200, thus making one of the worst earthquakes of the human history.”可知，史上危害最严重的地震之一发生在Bio Bio(比奥比奥)。故选B。 W重点单词 1．injury n. 受伤 2.effect n. 影响 P重点短语 1．give rise to 使发生 2.add to 增加 B Hurricane Harvey. Hurricane Irma. Hurricane Sandy. These names for hurricanes might sound lovely, but they're not in a messP1. So how do scientists pick which name to use? In the beginning, hurricanes in the West Indies were named afterP2 the saints' names when the storm hit. For example, there were two Hurricane San Felipes in Puerto Rico—one that hit on September 13, 1876, and the other that hit on the same day in 1928. By the 1900s, Australian scientists started a new system. Instead of naming hurricanes after the saints, they started using women's names, and the United States followed in 1953. By 1979, men's names were added to the list. Later, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) came up withP3 a group of names before the storms hit. The group has six lists with 21 names each—one for every letter except Q, U, X, Y, and Z—to be used each year in the Atlantic. So some of the next Atlantic hurricane names you can expect to see are Katia, Lee, Maria and Ophelia. The Pacific Hurricane gets its name from six different lists, which include every letter except Q and U. Every time a storm hits, scientists take a name down that year's list. So some of the names for the Pacific Hurricanes this year are: Hilary, Irwin, Jova and Kenneth. Once six years go by, the naming starts again with the first list. For example, one of the Atlantic Hurricanes was Arlene, and that will be the name for the first hurricane in 2023, too. If there happens to be more than 21 hurricanes in one year (or 24 in the Pacific), the rest will come from the Greek letters. Now that the lists are made, it's hard to change the names. The lists only change if there's a particularlyW bad storm. The WMO decides if it will take any names off the list during its meeting every year. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何给飓风命名以及太平洋和大西洋的飓风命名的不同之处。 4．What were hurricanes named after in the West Indies at first? A．Men's names. B．The Greek letters. C．Women's names. D．The saints' names. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In the beginning, hurricanes in the West Indies were named after the saints' names when the storm hit.”可知，西印度群岛的飓风最初以圣人的名字命名。故选D。 5．Which of the following may be used for the name of a hurricane in the Atlantic? A．Queen. B．Ulaina. C．Selian. D．Yachila. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The group has six lists with 21 names each—one for every letter except Q, U, X, Y, and Z—to be used each year in the Atlantic.”可知，大西洋飓风的名字使用六份名单，每一份名单上有21个名字，除了Q、U、X、Y和Z外，每个字母都对应一个名字。由此可推知，Selian可以用于大西洋飓风的名称。故选C。 6．How will the 25th hurricane in the Pacific in one year be named? A．By borrowing the Greek letters. B．By naming after a famous person. C．By using names like Katia or Ophelia. D．By choosing a name from the six lists. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“If there happens to be more than 21 hurricanes in one year (or 24 in the Pacific), the rest will come from the Greek letters.”可知，太平洋一年内的第25次飓风将借用希腊字母命名。故选A。 7．What can we know about the name Lists of hurricanes? A．They can't be reused. B．They were made by American scientists. C．They can't be changed. D．They are different in the Pacific and the Atlantic. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The group has six lists with 21 names each—one for every letter except Q, U, X, Y, and Z—to be used each year in the Atlantic.”可知，大西洋飓风的名字使用六份名单，每一份名单上有21个名字，除了Q、U、X、Y和Z外，每个字母都对应一个名字。根据第四段第一句“The Pacific Hurricane gets its name from six different lists, which include every letter except Q and U．”可知，太平洋飓风的名字来自六个不同的名单，除了Q和U之外的每个字母都包括在内。由此可知，太平洋和大西洋的飓风名单是不同的。故选D。 W重点单词 particularly adv. 尤其，特别 P重点短语 1．in a mess 一团糟 2．name after 以……命名 3．come up with 提出，想出 Ⅱ　七选五 In the past decade or so, you may have heard the term “growth mindset” thrown around a lot. Many influencers and self­improvement coaches talk about how it is something we should all be fighting for with great efforts. __1__ Here are a few ways you can start training your brain. Start worrying if you're working hard enough. As Dr Dwek explains: “genius is not enough; we need to get the job done.” At the end of the day, does it really matter how intelligent you are if you get the job done? Of course not. __2__ Stop judging your worth based on how smart you see yourself to be, and start focusing on trying your best, learning along the way, building a growth mindset, and enjoying the process. __3__ People with fixed mindsets often see failures as reflections of their own intelligence or skill, so they end up giving up when confronted with disappointment. But instead of seeing failure as a negative thing, reframe it as an opportunity to learn something. If this set of actions resulted in failure, how could you change things next time to result in success? This is a huge part of developing a growth mindset. Praise effort rather than outcomes. In Dr Dwek's book, she writes: “after seven experiments with hundreds of children, we had some of the clearest findings I've ever seen: __4__ Children love praise, especially to be praised for their intelligence and talent. It really does give them a boost, a special glow, but only for the moment. The minute they encounter difficulties, their confidence goes out the window, and their motivation hits the bottom. If success means they're smart, then failure means they're dumb. __5__” In whatever small ways you can, begin to explore what it feels like to have a growth mindset. With a growth mindset, anything is possible. You may just be surprised at all the amazing things you accomplish. A．Reframe failures as learning opportunities. B．That's the fixed mindset. C．How can we develop a growth mindset in ourselves? D．Praising children's intelligence harms their motivation, and it harms their performance. E．Even if you congratulate yourself, you may end up hurting long term. F．The most important thing is whether you put in your best effort. G．Take on new challenges. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些训练大脑从而培养成长心态的方法。 1．C　上文提到成长心态是我们应该努力争取的东西。下文“Here are a few ways you can start training your brain.”提到成长心态是可以通过训练培养的，C项(我们如何培养自己的成长心态？)承上启下。故选C。 2．F　根据本段标题“Start worrying if you're working hard enough.(开始担心你的工作是否足够努力。)”以及上文“At the end of the day, does it really matter ... Of course not.”可知，聪明并不是最重要的。此处应强调努力的重要性，F项(最重要的是你是否尽了最大努力。)承接上文。故选F。 3．A　根据下文“But instead of ... to learn something.(但是，不要把失败看作是一件消极的事情，而要把它看作是一个学习的机会。)”可知，本段主要是关于如何看待失败。A项(将失败视为学习的机会。)引出下文。故选A。 4．D　根据下文“Children love praise, ... but only for the moment.(孩子们喜欢被表扬，尤其是被表扬他们的智力和才能。这确实给了他们一种刺激，一种特殊的光芒，但只是暂时的。)”可知，表扬孩子聪明并不能带来正面的影响。D项(表扬孩子的智力会损害他们的积极性，也会影响他们的表现。)引出下文。故选D。 5．B　根据上文“If success means they're smart, then failure means they're dumb.”可知，如果成功意味着他们是聪明的，那么失败意味着他们是愚蠢的。此处应总结上述观点。B项(这是固定的观念。)承接上文。故选B。 Ⅲ　语法填空 Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e．g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, __1__ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big __2__ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, __3__ (form) the core collection of the British Museum __4__ opened in 1759. The parts of a museum open to the public __5__ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection __6__ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine __7__ (they) living at a different time in history or __8__ (walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical __9__ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete __10__ people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了博物馆的起源、作用和发展等信息。 1．wealthy　考查词性转换。此处应用形容词wealthy(富有的)作定语修饰名词people。故填wealthy。 2．or　考查连词。句意：他们把藏品留在家里，直到这些藏品变得太多或者他们去世，然后才会将其捐赠给博物馆。此处until it got too big和until they died是两个并列成分，表示选择关系，故填连词or。 3．formed　考查动词的时态。本句主语是The 80，000 objects，由上文的In the 18th and 19th centuries和本句尾的时间状语in 1759可知，事件发生在过去，谓语动词form应用一般过去时。故填formed。 4．which/that　考查定语从句的引导词。关系代词which/that引导定语从句，指代先行词the British Museum，在从句中作主语。故填which/that。 5．are called　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句主语The parts of a museum为复数，与动词call为被动关系，应用被动语态。本段讲述的是有关博物馆的客观事实，又根据后面的is可知，应用一般现在时。故填are called。 6．is　考查主谓一致。“a part of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词通常与of后名词的数保持一致。本句中a small part of后的名词为a museum's collection，故填is。 7．themselves　考查代词。此处表示“参观者想象他们自己生活在一个不同的历史时期”。故填反身代词themselves。 8．walking　考查非谓语动词。此处为“imagine sb doing sth”结构，设空处与living用or连接，是并列关系，故填walking。 9．accuracy　考查词性转换。根据设空处之前的形容词historical及后面的谓语动词is可知，此处应用名词作句子的主语。故填accuracy。 10．for　考查介词。句意：博物馆必须与其他娱乐活动争夺人们的业余时间和金钱。compete for ... with ... 是固定搭配，意为“与……争夺……”。故填for。 课后课时作业(二) Ⅰ　完形填空 We had a tornado (龙卷风) touch down near the school, and as expected, we went into our emergency tornado procedures. It was a day we never wanted to happen, but __1__ prepared for throughout the school year. I wasn't even in the classroom when it happened. I had taken a student with me to the workroom to help __2__ items for a project. When the alarm stared __3__， I immediately took my student's hand and __4__ as fast as I could back to the classroom. Never did I imagine needing to put our tornado __5__ to use. I never imagined actually needing to __6__ my students up against the wall, have them crouch (蹲) down with their knees and heads touching the ground, hands on the backs of their heads. Their heart were __7__ so fast that they couldn't catch their breath，and the __8__ filled their eyes looking up at me as they asked if their families and friends were going to be okay. In the midst of the very __9__ and dangerous situation, my students __10__ themselves with the attitudes and mindset of children much __11__ than them. Never in my life have I seen my students __12__ directions so quickly, and without hesitation. Even though some tears __13__ down, my students were brave. They had such a firm __14__ in my assistant and me that they were able to be 100% calm. They were brave beyond their __15__ today and for that, I am very grateful. Right now, I look back on the day and am thankful for our safety, courage, and bravery. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回顾了一次遭遇龙卷风的经历。 1．A.hardly B．continually C．safely D．suddenly 答案：B　hardly “几乎不”；continually “不断地”；safely “安全地”；suddenly “突然”。根据下文“prepared for throughout the school year”可知，作者他们整个学年都在不断地为应对龙卷风作准备。故选B。 2．A.buy B．deliver C．gather D．swap 答案：C　buy “买”；deliver “递送”；gather “收集，聚集”；swap “交换”。根据下文“items for a project”可知，作者当时正在带一个学生去工作间帮忙为一个项目收集物品。故选C。 3．A.coming about B．blowing away C．sending up D．going off 答案：D　come about “发生”；blow away “吹走”；send up “射出”；go off “走开；响起”。根据上文“the alarm stared”可知，此处指“警报开始响起”。故选D。 4．A.called B．ran C．drove D．stepped 答案：B　根据下文“as fast as I could back to the classroom”可知，龙卷风发生了，作者是以最快的速度跑回教室的。故选B。 5．A.drills B．warnings C．events D．details 答案：A　drill “演习，操练”；warning “警告”；event “事件”；detail “细节”。根据上文“prepared for throughout the school year”可知，此处表示这次他们用上了之前学到的应对龙卷风的演练。故选A。 6．A.get B．put C．line D．set 答案：C　根据下文“my students up against the wall”可知，作者的学生靠墙排成一排。line sb up “使排列成一行”。故选C。 7．A.beating B．jumping C．trembling D．striking 答案：A　beat “敲打；(心脏)跳动”；jump “跳跃”；tremble “颤抖”；strike “打”。此处表示他们的心跳如此之快，以至于无法呼吸。故选A。 8．A.courage B．fear C．hope D．disaster 答案：B　courage “勇气”；fear “恐惧”；hope “希望”；disaster “灾难”。此处表示灾难面前学生们感到恐惧。故选B。 9．A.vivid B．unique C．frightening D．practical 答案：C　vivid “生动的”；unique “独特的”；frightening “可怕的”；practical “实际的”。根据下文“and dangerous situation”可知，此处表示可怕和危险的情况。故选C。 10．A.enjoyed B．handled C．provided D．injured 答案：B　enjoy “欣赏”；handle “处理；对付(某人或某事)”；provide “提供”；injure “伤害”。此处表示作者的学生以大孩子的态度和心态对待自己。故选B。 11．A.older B．smarter C．healthier D．luckier 答案：A　根据下文“They were brave beyond their __15__”可知，学生们以比他们大很多的孩子的态度和心态去面对危险。故选A。 12．A.announce B．describe C．recite D．follow 答案：D　announce “宣布”；describe “描述”；recite “背诵”；follow “遵从，跟随”。此处表示作者的学生迅速、毫不犹豫地遵从指示去做动作。故选D。 13．A.looked B．hid C．rolled D．turned 答案：C　根据上文“some tears”可知，此处表示眼泪滚落下来。roll down “滚下”。故选C。 14．A.goal B．emotion C．trust D．conclusion 答案：C　goal “目标”；emotion “情感”；trust “信任”；conclusion “结论”。此处表示学生们很信任作者和助手。故选C。 15．A.abilities B．grades C．memories D．years 答案：D　ability “能力”；grade “年级”；memory “记忆”；year “年份”。根据上文“They were brave”可知，作者认为学生们的勇敢超越了年龄，对学生们的表现很感激。故选D。 Ⅱ　阅读 The crisis (危机) at Japan's Fukushima Dai­Ichi nuclear (核) energy center caused by the terrible earthquake has raised questions about the future of the nuclear energy industry. Arjun Makhijani is president of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research in the United States. He says the disaster in Japan is historic. This week, the chairman of America's nuclear agency said there is little chance that harmfulW1 radiation (辐射) from Japan could reach the United States. Gregory also said America has a strong program in place to deal withP1 earthquake threats. No new nuclear power centers have been built in the United States since 1979. That was when America's worst nuclear accident happened at the Three Mile Island center in Pennsylvania. The accident began to turn public opinion against nuclear energy. At present, about twenty percent of electricity in the United States comes from nuclear energy. German Chancellor Angela Merkel said Germany would close seven nuclear power centers while energy policy is reconsidered. The European Union is planning to test all centers in its twenty­seven member nations. Developing nations are less willing to slow downP2 the development of nuclear (nuclear expansion). China said it will continue with plans to build about twenty­five new nuclear reactors (反应堆). And India under a cooperation agreement with the United States, plans to spend billions on new centers in the coming years. Nuclear reactors supply fourteen percent of global electricity. Nuclear energy is a clean resourceW2, producing no carbon gases. But radioactive waste is a serious problem to be solved. So is the presence of nuclear power centers in earthquake areas like the one near Bushehr, Iran. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了可怕的地震引起了日本福岛第一核能中心的危机，从而引发了其他国家对核能工业未来的质疑。 1．We can learn from the text that America ________． A．experienced a terrible nuclear accident 42 years ago B．has a strong program to deal with radiation danger C．depends mainly on nuclear energy to produce electricity D．will check all the reactors before cooperating with India 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四句“No new nuclear power centers ... at the Three Mile Island center in Pennsylvania.”可知，自1979年以来，美国再也没有新建过核能中心。那是美国最严重的核事故，发生在宾夕法尼亚州的三里岛中心。由此可知，美国42(2021～1979)年前经历了一次可怕的核事故。故选A。 2．According to the text, which country will be most likely to have a similar disaster? A．German. B．Iran. C．India. D．China. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段第四句“So is the presence of nuclear power centers in earthquake areas like the one near Bushehr, Iran.”可知，在震区如伊朗布什尔附近的核电站的存在也是如此。由此可推知，伊朗震区的核电站最可能和日本有相似的灾难。故选B。 3．The best title of the text is “________”． A．Various Opinions on Japan's Nuclear Disaster B．Japan's Disaster is Likely to Run out of Control C．America Feels Great Concern for Japan's Nuclear Crisis D．Japan's Disaster Throws Doubt on Nuclear Energy Industry 答案：D　标题判断题。根据第一段第一句“The crisis (危机) at Japan's Fukushima Dai­Ichi nuclear (核) energy center caused by the terrible earthquake has raised questions about the future of the nuclear energy industry.”可知，由可怕的地震引起的日本福岛第一核能中心的危机引发了其他国家对核能工业未来的质疑。由此可知，D项(日本核灾难给核能产业带来质疑)是本文的最佳标题。故选D。 W重点单词 1．harmful adj. 有害的 2.resource n. 资源 P重点短语 1．deal with 处理；应付 2.slow down 减缓；减速 Ⅲ　语法填空 Foodie (吃货) or not. It's likely you've heard of Shaxian Delicacies. The chain, __1__ (originate) in Shaxian County, Fujian Province, has been a success across the country. According to local officials, there are over 80，000 restaurants serving Shaxian traditional snacks nationwide. But it is also a global hit. The chain has eateries (餐馆) in 61 foreign countries and regions. They __2__ (belove) by foreigners. In 2018 a Shaxian Delicacies restaurant opened in New York City, only __3__ (close) three hours later after all the dishes sold out. “It is amazing that the Shaxian Delicacies can open its eatery near my house in America. The flavors of the food here __4__ (be) just the same as I remember.” Ms Zheng, __5__ was born in Fuzhou city, capital of Fujian Province, told China Daily. __6__ it has already kept the title “taste of home”， the Shaxian Delicacies chain is always creating tastes tailored to different local needs. For example, the owner of its franchise in France uses green tea powder, which is very popular there, rather than spinach seeds in the flour wrappers. Wu Shaohua in Portugal, __7__ (special) prepares “fried meat” and “fried spring rolls” for local residents who like fried food. Apart from the delicious food, a clean environment also keeps __8__ (customer) coming back. The owner of the Shaxian Delicacies eatery in New York, Shao Binfang designed __9__ open kitchen in her restaurant. “When the customers can see the cooking process, it puts __10__ (they) at ease over food safety，” Shao told People's Daily. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沙县小吃的起源以及它在全球的知名程度。 1．originating　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词has been，名词The chain与动词origin是主动关系，设空处应用现在分词作后置定语。故填originating。 2．are beloved　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；根据设空后“by”可知，动词应用被动语态；且主语they是复数。故填are beloved。 3．to close　考查非谓语动词。only to do意为“不料……”，设空处应用动词不定式作结果状语，往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果。故填to close。 4．are　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处阐述客观事实应用一般现在时，且逻辑主语The flavors of the food是复数。故填are。 5．who　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词Ms Zheng，指人，在从句中作主语。故填who。 6．Though/Although　考查连词。句意：虽然沙县小吃连锁店已经保持了“家的味道”的称号，但它一直在创造适合当地不同需求的口味。前后句之间为转折关系，应用转折连词；句首首字母大写。故填Though/Although。 7．specially　考查词性转换。设空处应用副词修饰动词prepares。故填specially。 8．customers　考查名词。句意：除了美味的食物，干净的环境也让顾客再次光顾。可数名词customer前没有限定词，应用复数。故填customers。 9．an　考查冠词。可数名词kitchen是单数，此处表泛指且形容词open发音是以元音音素开头。故填an。 10．them　考查代词。句意：邵在接受《人民日报》采访时表示：“当顾客看到烹饪过程时，他们就会对食品安全感到放心。”设空处作动词put的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格。故填them。 Ⅳ　应用文写作 自然灾害无法避免，但可以通过适当的预防措施尽可能地减少生命财产的损失。假如你正在班级上课，突然地震来袭，该如何应对。 1．躲到桌下，并抓住桌腿； 2．坐在第一排的学生迅速打开门，以防震动中受损难以打开； 3．震动停止后用手盖着头有序离开教室； 4．…… 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [精彩范文] As we all know, the earthquake is a natural hazard which always threatens the lives of people, so everyone is afraid of earthquakes. Do you know what methods we can take to reduce the losses when an earthquake is coming if we are in class at school? Firstly, keep calm, hide under the desks which are solid and catch hold of the legs of the desks. Secondly, students sitting in the first row quickly open the door in case it becomes difficult to open. Thirdly, leave the classroom in order with hands covering your head when the shocks are over. Finally, don't jump off a building! I hope we can know as many ways as possible to protect ourselves in an earthquake. 34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$