Unit 1 Science Fiction Discover Useful Structures 被动语态课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

Review useful structure Unit 1 Learning About Language Compare Find out the subject and object in each sentence. What voice is used? Somebody cleans this room every day. This room is cleaned every day. 主动语态 被动语态 The street is cleaned by the dustmen every morning. The dustmen cleans the street every morning. Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice. Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used. ① It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire. ② Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing. ③ Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. ④ As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house. ⑤ Tony expected that the house, which was being completely transformed, would be ready. ⑥ The saleswoman there was rude to her, so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly. 一、被动语态的概念 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的句子谓语动词的形式是“be＋动词的过去分词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示出来。 使用被动语态的情况： Sugar cane is grown in the south. The song The East is Red was written by a poor peasant. 1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。 2. 强调动作的承受者。 Margaret was given some bad advice about selecting courses. 3. 公告、通知、新闻报道、报纸标题、科技文章中。 4. 出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作执行者。 Rubbish is strictly prohibited here. 此处严禁倒垃圾。(公告) 时态 被动语态的构成 例句 一般现在时 am / is / are +过去分词 The school walls are painted every year. 一般过去时 was  / were +过去分词 I was invited to the talk show yesterday. 一般将来时 will / shall + be +过去分词 The matter will be looked into in the future. 现在完成时 have / has + been +过去分词 The ship has been repaired. 现在进行时 am / is / are + being +过去分词 Two men are being questioned by the police. 过去进行时 was  / were + being +过去分词 The roads were being built when I passed by. 1.常见时态的被动语态 时态 被动语态的构成 例句 过去完成时 had +been +过去分词 The fire had been put out when the firefighters arrived. 将来完成时 will have been +过去分词 The drawing will have been completed by the end of this week. 情态动词 1.常见时态的被动语态 情态动词+be+过去分词 The baby must be looked after well. 1.主动形式表示被动意义 (1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，appear，prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 The idea sounds great. 这个主意听起来棒极了。 The popcorn they made looked wonderful and tasted delicious. 他们做的爆米花看起来棒极了，吃起来也很美味。 (2)当wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long. 这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲给我作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。 (3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主动形式表示被动意义。 His hair needs cutting. →His hair needs to be cut. 他的头发需要剪了。 (4)be worth doing→be worthy to be done主动形式表示被动意义。 The novel is worth reading again. →The novel is worthy to be read again. 这部小说值得再读一次。 2. “get+done” 表被动语态 get married 结婚 get engaged 订婚 get lost 迷路 get drunk 喝醉了 get dressed 穿好衣服 get caught/stuck 被困 get hurt/wounded 受伤 13 3. 有些词或词组，如lack，take place, consist of, belong to, break out，date from/back to 无被动形式。 He lacks confidence. The final examination will take place next month. A big fire broke out last week. This building can date from the Song Dynasty. 14 It is said that … It is reported that … It is hoped that … It is well known that … It is believed that … It must be pointed out that … 4. 在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。 1．We plant many trees every year. →Many trees are planted by us every year. 2．We planted many trees in the northwest of China last year. →Many trees were planted by us in the northwest of China last year. 3．We will plant more trees there to improve the environment. →More trees will be planted by us there to improve the environment. 4．Cellphone games are damaging people’s eyesight. →People’s eyesight is being damaged by cellphone games. 将以下句子改写成被动语态。 2. Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. (P5) 1. What is done cannot ____________. (undo) 2. Janet ______________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect) 3. Two hundred grammes of flour should ___________ to the cake mix. (add) 4. A 3,000-seat venue ______________ for the circus performance in November. (build) be undone was elected be added was built will be built 17 5. Working efficiency ______________________since this new software was adopted. (improve) 6. Only one piece of carry-on luggage ____________ for each economy class passenger. (allow) 7. It is a great honour for me to ____________ to address this international AI conference. (invite) 8. When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary ________________________at the meeting. (discuss) has been improved is allowed be invited was being discussed 18 9. With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Exanimation. He is expected to ______________ to a top university. (admit) be admitted 19 Thank you ! $$