专题05 阅读理解之说明文和议论文(天津专用)-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中真题分类汇编

专题05 阅读理解之说明文和议论文 说明文 (23-24高一下.天津第四十七中.期中)1. An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to (归因于)the global economic crisis (危机) awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works. Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up. Professor John Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecturer at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures-which are open to students from all departments-were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250. “There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done.” He said. University applications rose 7% last year, but there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people’s renewed interest in careers in the public sector(部门), which are seen as more secure in economic crisis. A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain. Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “It’s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that’s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.” 51. Professor John Beath’s lectures are_______ . A. given in a traditional way B. connected with the present situation C. open to both students and their parents D. warmly received by economics 52. Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their_________ . A. greater stability B. higher pay C. fewer applications D. better reputation 53. In the opinion of most parents __________ . A. economics should be the focus of school teaching B. more students should be admitted to universities C. the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened D. children should solve financial problems themselves 54. According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters_____________ . A. wiser in money management B. have access to better equipment C. confident about their future careers D. get jobs in Child Trust Funds 55. What’s the main idea of the text? A. Universities have received more applications. B. Economics is attracting an increasing numbers students. C. College students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty. D. Parents are concerned with children’s subject selection. (23-24高一下.天津建华中学.期中)2. Putonghua is the official language on the mainland, but if history had played out differently, most of the people could have been speaking Cantonese. In 1912, shortly after the end of the Qing dynasty, the founding fathers of the republic met to decide which language should be spoken in the new China. Mandarin - now known as Putonghua - was just a northern dialect spoken by the hated Manchurian officials at that time. While it had served as China’s lingua franca(混合语) for centuries, many saw it as an “impure form” of Chinese. Many of the leaders including Sun Yat-sen, were from Guangdong - where people are open to new ideas. A great debate started and eventually led to a formal vote. Cantonese lost out by a small margin to Putonghua and the rest is history. While historians today still argue about whether this story is real, it is something Guangdong people love to tell. Many Cantonese speakers feel proud of their native language, saying it has more in common with the classical Chinese than Putonghua - which is a mix of northern dialects heavily influenced by Manchurian and Mongolian. Linguists agree to some degree. “Cantonese is closer to classical Chinese in its pronunciation and some grammar,” Jiang Wenxian, a Chinese language scholar, said. “Using Cantonese to read classical poetry is a real pleasure,” he said. “Many ancient poems don’t rhyme(押韵) when you read them in Putonghua, but they do in Cantonese.” “Cantonese keeps a flavor of ancient Chinese. Nowadays few people understand classical Chinese, so Cantonese should be protected as a type of language fossil helping us study ancient Chinese culture.” Cantonese is spoken by about 70 million people in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau and communities abroad. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Guangdong was the only Chinese province allowed to trade directly with foreigners. Many Westerners at the time learned Cantonese. Up till very recently, there were more Cantonese speakers in overseas Chinese communities than Putonghua speakers. In Canada, for example, Cantonese is the third most commonly spoken language after English and French. 48. What’s the function of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic. B. To attraction people’s attention. C. To summarize the whole passage. D. To show the importance of Putonghua. 49. What can we learn from the fourth paragraph? A. Most of the leaders are in favor of Putonghua. B. Most of the leaders came from Guangdong at that time. C. Guangdong people are more likely to accept new ideas. D. Sun Yat-sen suggested having a debate to decide on the new language. 50. Why Cantonese should be protected as a type of language fossil? A. Because it’s as important as Putonghua. B. Because it is an ancient language with a long history. C. Because nowadays few people can understand Cantonese. D. Because it is very helpful when studying Chinese culture. 51. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. New language, New China. B. How Putonghua defeated Cantonese C. The development of an official language D. Cantonese almost became the official language (23-24高一下.天津重点校联考.期中)3. We live in a digital world now, and a student's technology needs have changed. For the early years, say when you are in primary school, you can get by with no technology at all. Even if you have a computer, it's a good idea to get children familiar with libraries. At this age, trips to the library are like family outings. As you get closer to middle school, a computer with Internet access becomes more of a necessity. Teachers will often give assignments that require a student to use the Internet for research. After a computer, technology choices for students become more difficult to make – especially when it comes to cell-phones. Kids will beg their parents for a cell-phone, especially in middle school. For many parents, it's a safety issue: They want to know that their kids can reach them quickly if necessary. For teachers, cell phones can be used to record lessons when students are absent. But many teachers dislike cell-phones. Some kids send messages or have talks in the class. Sending messages also raises the problem of cheating on exams. More and more schools are now forbidding the use of cell-phones. Many kids see iPods as necessary things to have. iPods are great for music, but do they do anything good for your children’s education? Maybe they do. That’s the opinion of Doug Johnson, an educator for 30 years. Johnson says that educators should accept all new forms of technology in the classroom, including iPods. “Some do more with their cell- phones than we can do with our laptops,” he jokes. “I don’t think we should be afraid. The truth is that it’s easier to change the way we teach than to change the technology habits of an entire generation.” 46. According to author, primary school children should___. A. use the computer and the Internet regularly B. ask their parents to buy them cell-phones C. buy iPods to listen to music D. go to libraries to read more books 47. Why do parents agree to buy their children cell-phones? A. They want their children to be cool. B. They think cell-phones be helpful to their study. C. They want to keep in touch with their children. D. They want their children to keep up to date. 48. The following are all reasons why many teachers dislike cell-phones EXCEPT ____. A. cell-phones can be used to cheat on exams B. schoolchildren will send messages during class C. cell-phones can be used to record lessons D. schoolchildren might talk on them during class 49. What does the underlined word “that” refers to? A. iPods can be used to listen to music. B. iPods can be helpful for children’s education. C. iPods can be used to play games. D. iPods are necessary for children’s lives. 50. We can infer from what Doug Johnson said that _____. A. cell-phones are not useful to students B. teachers should let students use cell-phones C. it’s better for teachers to change their teaching methods D. schoolchildren should follow the trends(潮流) of fashion (23-24高一下.天津咸水沽一中和东丽百中.期中)4. Have you ever heard of “children of the stars”? It might sound mysterious, but the expression refers to children with autism (自闭症). World Autism Awareness Day falls on April 2. It was initiated by the United Nations to raise awareness and promote acceptance of people with autism. According to the US-based Autism Research Institute, autism is a disorder with symptoms (症状) that appear within the first three years of life. The condition is believed to involve deficits (缺陷) in social communication and interaction as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities. Meng Lingdi, whose daughter was diagnosed (诊断) with autism at 2 years old, shared that her daughter wouldn’t pay attention to her when Meng asked her to do something. “She made less eye contact with people compared to other kids,” Meng added. Children with autism also suffer from physical pain. “Many children with autism experience epilepsy (癫痫) due to differences in brain activity,” said Sun Zhongkai at Beijing Stars and Rain Education Institute for Autism. Epilepsy among people with autism becomes even more prevalent (普遍的) starting from adolescence (青春期), he added. At present, the precise cause of autism remains unknown, but research indicates that it is likely a result of a mix of developmental, genetic (遗传的), and environmental factors. “According to our statistics, older parents are more likely to have autistic children than younger parents,” said Sun. “If the first child in a family has autism, the chances of subsequent children also having autism are about 10 times higher than in families where the first child is not autistic. The likelihood of identical twins both having autism is also significant.” Although autism is a lifelong condition, there are various treatments available. According to Liu Wei, a teacher at the institute with 20 years of experience in teaching people with autism, it is crucial not to view people with autism with a sense of strangeness. Affirmations (肯定) from others will make them feel proud, enabling them to interact with others more effectively. For those close to autism sufferers, such as friends or family, it’s useful to establish certain principles for the individual, such as what is permissible and what is not. They should also have a deep understanding of autism and how to deal with it, which, for children with autism, may “benefit them for a lifetime,” said Sun. 61. What is the purpose of the World Autism Awareness Day’s foundation? A. To make people with autism easier to get various treatments. B. To arouse people’s attention to autism and make people with autism easier to be accepted. C. To make people with autism have a deep understanding of autism. D. To enable people with autism to interact with others more effectively. 62. What is autism primarily characterized by? A. High anxiety. B. Sleeping disorders. C. Communication difficulties. D. Exceptional athletic skills. 63. What can we know about autistic children with epilepsy? A. They are more active physically. B. They exhibit heightened sensitivity. C. Their condition worsens with age. D. Their brain functions unusually. 64. According to the text, which factor may be linked to an increased likelihood of having a child with autism? A. Gender of the child. B. Age of the parents. C. Education of the parents. D. Environmental pollution. 65. How should we approach individuals with autism, according to the text? A. Offer encouragement and support. B. Communicate our ideas clearly to them. C Be as generous as possible. D. Allow freedom in their choices. (22-23高一下.天津第三中学.期中)5. Knowing how to communicate well needs very personal attention between you and another human being. Is there a better way to learn how to communicate effectively? Yes, there is. Please follow the 3 basic steps below. * Relax and breathe Whether it's a business meeting or a first date, the first thing you must do in order to communicate is to relax. When you relax, you are in control. You control your reactions and your reactions do not control you. Breathing is central to relaxation. Take a few deep breaths and your body will begin to be more at ease. This will help you apply what you already know about how to communicate well. * Think and you will be prepared Have you ever heard the old saying "think before you speak"? Well, it is true. By thinking ahead about how the conversation might flow, you will be better prepared, more at ease and more confident. * Follow the flow of the conversation If you are uncomfortable, being silent will only make it worse and make the other person uncomfortable as well. So when all else fails, follow through with small talk until a common topic appears. A good way to keep a conversation going is to ask the other person questions. People love to talk about themselves and if you do this, they will leave the conversation, thinking very highly of you. Learning good communication skills is not something out of reach. If you make an effort, you will succeed. 41. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. How to Begin Your Conversation Effectively. B. Preparation and Conversation. C. Personal Attention and Communication. D. How to Communicate with People You Meet. 42. If you want to talk with others successfully, the most important thing you should do is ________. A. to make a good preparation for the conversation. B. to take as many deep breaths as possible. C. to keep calm and relax yourself fully. D. to follow the flow of the conversation. 43. Why does relaxation play an important part in your good communication? A. Because it can help you keep excited and react quickly in the communication. B. Because it will help you organize good sentences for your communication. C. Because it can help you put your communication skills that you know into use. D. Because no one likes to communicate with a nervous person. 44. If you feel uncomfortable, you'd better ________. A. talk small things until you find a topic you both like. B. speak freely so as to run across the topic you like. C. keep silent in order to give the chance of speaking to others. D. ask questions which you are interested in. 45. What's the meaning of the underlined sentence? A. You will be good at communication if you try. B. Good communication skills can be learned if you try. C. Not all people can learn good communication skills. D. Communication skills can be improved easily. (22-23高一下.天津第一百中学.期中)6. In Paris, the River Seine plays many roles in the city: It divides the Right Bank from the Left Bank, acting as a dividing line; it provides transportation by riverboat and plenty of chance for pleasant walks; lots of Paris’ famous sights are located on both sides of the banks, including the Eiffel Tower and Notre-Dame Cathedral. The Basics(基本原则) One of the best ways to see the Seine is to walk along it, particularly from Les Invalides to Ile Saint-Louis, where you can go across the river on bridges such as Pont Alexandre III, Pont Royal, and Pont des Arts to see some of the most beautiful and best-known buildings in France. Besides, a River Seine trip allows you to rest your legs and enjoy the sights; book a brunch, lunch, or dinner trip to combine your sightseeing with a French meal, or choose the Eiffel Tower to enjoy two of Paris’ most popular activities on one tour. Things to Know Before You Go While you are running through Paris’ main tourist areas, the River Seine is hard to miss; you won’t have to go far to find it. There are more than 30 bridges over the Seine in Paris. You should wear comfortable shoes for walking along the banks and bridges and be prepared for crowds on popular bridges like Pont des Arts. When to Get There For a peaceful walk, head to the river in the early morning hours before most of the crowds and travelers arrive. Or go for an after-dinner walk to take in the scenery of the City of Light on the water. Visiting Canal Saint-Martin In northeast Paris, the Canal Saint-Martin area is a place where you can see footbridges and modern locals instead of the Seine’s traffic and tourists. Enjoy a more relaxing moment. 36. Which of the following can be used to describe the River Seine? A. A riverboat provider. B. A good place to swim. C A dividing line in Paris. D. An ancient sightseeing place. 37. Which is the best line to walk along to see the River Seine according to the author? A. From the Right Bank to the Left Bank. B. From Les Invalides to Ile Saint-Louis. C. From Pont Alexandre Ⅲ to Pont Royal. D. From Pont des Arts to the Eiffel Tower. 38. What can we know about the River Seine from the passage? A. It is too far away to be found. B. Popular bridges over it may be very crowded. C. It is so wide that there are few bridges across it. D. Comfortable clothes should be prepared when you walk over its bank. 39. When does the author suggest visiting the River Seine? A. At midnight. B. At the dinner time. C. The time when there aren’t crowds. D. The time when other travelers arrive. 40. What can we infer from the passage? A. Travelers should bring enough food before visiting the River Seine. B. Travelers can see the Seine’s traffic and tourists in the Canal Saint-Martin area. C. It’s a good choice to visit the Eiffel Tower on another tour after visiting the Seine. D. It’s a good idea to see the Seine and enjoy a French meal at the same time. (22-23高一下.天津重点校联考.期中)7. Rising temperatures driven by the climate crisis are cutting the sleep of people across the world, the largest study to date has found. The researchers used data from sleep-tracking wristbands (手环) used by 47,000 people over 7 months and across 68 countries. The analysis revealed that due to increasing night-time temperatures, the average global citizen is losing 44 hours of sleep a year. However, lost sleep affects some groups much more than others. The sleep loss per degree of warming is about a quarter higher for women than men, twice as high for those over 65 years old and three times higher for those in less affluent nations, where people have less access to cooling features. Previous studies have shown that rising temperatures damage health, including increasing heart attacks, mental health crises, and accidents and injuries. Poor sleep has also been shown to have these effects, and the researchers say their new study suggests that disturbed sleep may be a key mechanism by which heat causes these health impacts. The researchers say their data shows no signs of people being able to adapt to hotter nights. “In this study, we provide the first planetary-scale (世界范围的) evidence that warmer than average temperatures cut human sleep,” said Kelton Minor, who led the research. “It’s very likely the effect is more serious.” Minor added that the research had important implications for policymakers, who need to ensure cities, towns and buildings are well adapted to heat in order to reduce the health impacts. The data used in the study came mainly from richer nations. The wristbands also tended to be worn by people less prone (易于遭受) to sleep disturbance by warmer temperatures. “Lower-income people are underrepresented in the data and we’re well aware of that,” said Minor. He said more research was needed, particularly in places that are already among the hottest in the world. 41. Which is NOT mentioned about the study in paragraph 2? A. How the data was collected. B How many respondents were involved. C. The duration of the study. D. The purpose of the study. 42. What does the underlined word “affluent” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Thickly populated. B. Badly polluted. C. Wealthy. D. Equal. 43. How do increasing temperatures harm people? A. They cause car accidents. B. They reduce people’s sleep time. C. They result in extreme weather events. D. They limit people’s adaptation ability. 44. What can be learned from Kelton Minor’s words in paragraph 5? A. The study adopted a new research method. B. Some cities have taken firmer action to fight the heat. C. Policymakers have doubts about the study. D. Heat’s impacts may be worse than estimated. 45. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about the study? A. Its findings. B. Its limitations. C. Its applications. D. Its significance. (22-23高一下.天津中学.期中)8. Modern science suggests that a healthy lifestyle matters much to how long you can live and how well you live. Here are some tips for you to form a healthy lifestyle. Keep a scientific diet. Keep in mind that sugar can be removed from our diet completely. Over intake of sugar is one of the main reasons for getting fat. Over intake of protein or fat and low intake of fiber can also lead to getting fat. Only a few grams of protein do we need every day to keep our body in order. Like rain to crops, not the more the better. Be always in a good mood. There is a relationship between the mood and health. A good mood keeps you in high spirits. Thanks to the Internet, we can enjoy and learn much without going out. Take a look at some online shops and pick up some bargains, enjoy music and movies and chat with good friends. Just keep happy.  Enough sleep. Two studies show the reasons why teens and adults don’t have enough sleep. With teens, a major reason is mobile phone use; with adults, it’s work. Meanwhile, a third study of young children shows that lack of sleep in early life may lead to serious problems in future. Everyone needs at least 8-hour sleep to recover from tiredness and the hurt caused by hard work in the daytime. Proper exercise. Do exercise to keep away from fatness. Because of the quick pace of the modern life, you don’t have time to do exercise every day, but at least three times a week and 45 minutes each time. 39. The author wrote this passage to________. A. tell the readers how to take proper exercise every day B. provide some advice on how to form a healthy lifestyle C. ask people to care about their health rather than their work. D. make some surveys among those who have health problems. 40. Which of the following can lead to getting fat according to the passage? A. Low intake of protein. B. Low intake of fat. C. Over intake of fiber. D Over intake of sugar. 41. The main reason why teenagers don’t have enough sleep is that they________. A. use mobile phones too much B. have too much homework C. eat too much sugar every day D. don’t have enough exercise 议论文 (23-24高一下.天津咸水沽一中和东丽百中.期中)1. My family moved into our home nine years ago. We spent a lot of time and energy in the yard to get it looking like the way it does today. In front of the house, the rocks appear to be just thrown up onto the dirt as if someone were in a hurry to finish. We called this area our “rock garden”. Denise and I would also plant some flowers between the rocks, just to bring some color to the area. Last summer I found, in the rock garden, a tiny little plant that I could not immediately identify. I knew I didn’t plant it and Denise said she didn’t either. We decided to let it continue growing until we could figure out what it was. Weeks passed and as I made my way back to the strange plant, it appeared to be a sunflower. It looked thin and tall with only one head on it. I decided to baby it along and weed(除杂草)around it. As I pulled rocks from the area to get to the weeds, I noticed something unusual. The sunflower had not started where I saw it begin. It actually had begun under a big rock and grown under and around it to reach the sun. That’s when I realized that if a tiny little sunflower didn’t allow a big rock to stand in its way of developing, we too have the ability to do the same thing. Once we believe in ourselves like that little sunflower, we can attain the same nourishment(养分)for growth as well. Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud of who and what we are, then the environment will begin to support us. We will find a way to go under or around any “rocks” in order to achieve our goals. 56. What can we know from the first paragraph? A. The author finished building his house hurriedly. B. The family has lived in this house for 9 years. C. The author’s house is made of rocks. D. The family don’t like gardening. 57. The author let the tiny plant continue growing to ______. A. see how long it could live B. see how big it could grow C. find out what it actually was D. know if his wife had planted it 58. The author found it unusual that ______. A. the strange plant turned out to be the sunflower B. the sunflower grew under and around a big rock C. the sunflower had only one head on it D. the sunflower was very thin and tall 59. Which of the following can best describe the sunflower? A. Confident. B. Devoted. C. Delicate. D. Modest. 60. We can conclude from the passage that ______. A. rocks cannot prevent us from success B. the sunflowers are able to grow everywhere C. we should take good care of the rock gardens D. we can get over difficulties if we trust ourselves (23-24高一下.天津咸水沽一中和东丽百中.期中)2. So many of us hold on to little resentments that may have stemmed from an argument, a misunderstanding, or some other painful event. Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us―believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle(重新点燃) a friendship or family relationship. An acquaintance of mine whose health isn’t very good, recently told me that she hasn’t spoken to her son in almost three years. "Why not" I asked. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn’t speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she resisted initially and said, "I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize." She was literally(简直) willing to die before reaching out to her only son. After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and sincerely said sorry to her. As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins. Whenever we hold on to our anger we turn "small thing" into "big thing" in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is to let go, and reach out. Let other people be right. This doesn’t mean that you’re wrong. Everything will be fine. You’ll experience the peace of letting go as well as the joy of letting others be right. You’ll also notice that as you reach out and let others be "right" they will become less defensive and more loving toward you. They might even reach back. But if for some reason they don’t that’s okay too. You will have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world and certainly you’ll be more peaceful yourself. 66. What happened to the author’s acquaintance after she called her son? A. she was literally willing to die. B. She received her son’s apology. C. She was encouraged by the author. D. She realized her mistakes. 67. What does the author want to explain by taking her acquaintance as an example? A. That a gentle encouragement will be helpful to solve the problem. B. That it is beneficial for both sides to reach out first. C That painful events should be forgotten. D. That parents and children are easier to make peace. 68. We can infer from the third paragraph that _______ A. happiness matters more than preventing the embarrassment at reaching out first B. to be peaceful is more important than to be right in any disagreement C. to avoid arguments and misunderstandings means seeking for happiness D. hold on to the right position leads to resentments 69. According to the passage, you can be more peaceful by ________. A. trying your best to complete your own work perfectly B. helping others create their inner content C. being active and forgetting unpleasantness D. understanding the importance of being less defensive 70. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? A. When you take the chance first to say sorry, you will win. B. You won’t feel angry if you don’t turn “small thing” into” big thing”. C. Letting others be right will definitely make them reach back. D. It’s good to be the first one to reach out to break little resentments. 说明文 (23-24高一下.天津河北区.期中)1. The Yellow River is the cradle (摇篮) of China’s civilization. And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies, including big data, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things. Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center. Based on the information, a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (管理) is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, and a signal transmitter (尤指电台或电视信号的发射机). They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stone sends an alarm to the command center for quick response,” Wang said. “In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves, putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiaoxiong from the bureau. “Now the smart stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.” And in the sky, drones are flying. On the routes designed by engineers, the drones become expert patrollers (巡逻员) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, thanks to the drones, researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information. “Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported. The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans (泄洪计划) in case we need to batten down the hatches,” said Shen. Under the water and up in the sky, intelligent systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts. According to the Ministry of Water Resources, in the future, we can expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this important river. 41. What is the main purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River? A. To study the wildlife in the Yellow River. B. To raise public awareness of river protection. C. To improve flood control and prevention efforts. D. To provide a virtual reality experience of the river. 42. How do the “smart stones” contribute to the river’s digital governance? A. They record water quality. B. They enhance the river’s beauty. C. They monitor and report dike movements. D. They serve as markets for important locations. 43. What is one of the functions of drones in the digital governance of the Yellow River? A. Providing entertainment for the people living along the river. B. Collecting data to update a 3D model for flood management. C. Transporting researchers to remote locations along the river D. Patrolling and getting first-hand wildlife photos. 44. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. To update the 3D model for accuracy. B. To prepare for a potential flood event. C. To strengthen the riverbanks and dikes. D. To increase drone monitoring over the river. 45. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. The cultural and historical importance of the Yellow River. B. The future plans for improving the Yellow River’s construction. C. The use of smart stones and drones for flood control and monitoring. D. The development of a digital system for the Yellow River’s management. (23-24高一下.天津建华中学.期中)2. Sometimes a book comes along that isn’t just “interesting” or “well done”— it’s a book where it seems like the author looked into your brain and wrote a book specifically for you. A book like that for me was released this week. It’s called 100 Things We’ve Lost to the Internet, written by editor Pamela Paul. Paul lists 100 things we used to do that the Internet has either changed or taken over completely: writing letters, print newspapers, the joys of being bored, and not having all the knowledge in the world in your pocket. As I’m a longtime accumulator of random knowledge, certain entries on the list—Being the Only One, Figuring Out Who That Actor is—hit me where live; remembering detailed facts is no longer nearly as impressive when everyone has the capability to find the answer in seconds. On and on the list goes, with every minor shift adding to the pile. What this book does so well is illustrate the growth of that pile; while any individual item might be no big deal, the collected set is significant. It’s a list of ways in which the world now is different from the world then. Obviously, Paul isn’t saying that everything back then was better. Time marches on, after all. and it’s tough to argue against the many benefits that the Internet has brought into our lives. But that isn’t really the point. It’s not about whether it used to be better. It’s that it used to be different. 100 Things We’ve Lost to the Internet is a fun read for those of us who share some of Paul’s memories and experiences. We remember what it was like and we like to remember. The landscape has shifted, and no doubt it will shift again as technology’s advancement continues apace. This book serves as a reminder of the simple truth that when gains are made, sometimes something is lost. 44. What is the purpose of the text? A. To review and recommend a good read. B. To comment on the effect of the Internet. C. To argue for the viewpoint of a new book. D. To urge the readers to value what they have. 45. Which might be entries on Paul’s list? A. Maps and Eye Contact. B. E-pay and Compact Disks. C. Postcards and Homeschooling D. Bad Photos and Washing Machines. 46. What does the underlined phrase “hit me where l live” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Prove what I’m good at. B. Introduce how I grew up. C. Describe the place I live in. D. Speak out what is on my mind. 47 What conclusion has the author drawn after reading Paul’s book? A. Things in the past are better. B. There’re no gains without pains. C. The internet is a double-edged sword. D. Technology is constantly changing the world. (23-24高一下.天津建华中学.期中)3. My 16-year-old niece Jenny started using Facebook about half a year ago. At first she loved using it very much because she could make so many new friends on it. However, as time went by, she used it less and less. You may wonder why. Well, it’s because every time she used it, she became sad. It seemed to her that everyone using Facebook was living a perfect life except her. I don’t think Jenny is alone. In this day of social media, the whole “comparing thing” has gotten out of control. We are influenced daily by all kinds of things on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram where we see only the happy parts of life. You see friends’ baby pictures, beautiful houses and “perfect” lives and you feel like we need to be farther along than where you are. You see pictures of your coworker’s “best vacation ever” and then you compare your life to theirs. But what you see is just a special second of their lives. Social media only gives us a look at them for a very short time. It can be lying and we never truly know the whole story. We are so good at showing others on social media that everything is “fine”, and we can never correctly judge what they post on social media. Remember that someone who looks very well does not mean that they are not dealing with something bigger under the surface. You can never compare your inside with someone else’s outside. So next time you find someone showing off something on social media, cease feeling sad about yourself. 52. By saying “I don’t think Jenny is alone”, the writer means that ________ . A. Jenny has many friends on the Facebook B. not just Jenny doesn’t live a perfect life C. many people feel the same about using Facebook D. more and more people are using Facebook recently 53. What is implied about people who use social media in paragraph 2? A. They are usually very happy about their lives. B. They often travel in order to take good pictures. C. They like posting things that they haven’t really done. D. They like posting pictures to show their “perfect” life. 54. What does the underlined word “cease” in the last paragraph mean? A. stop B. begin C. change D. keep 55. The passage is most probably written to tell us to stop _______. A. feeling sad about ourselves B. showing off on social media C. comparing ourselves with others D. using Facebook as soon as possible (23-24高一下.天津实验中学.期中)4. Eating out is such a pleasure-the food, the wine, the joy of having it all brought to you by someone else — that it’s a pity to ruin the experience by sharing it with other people. Well, I do like visiting restaurants with friends. But dining out alone has its own very special attractions. For a start you can give all your attention to the food. There’s nothing worse than having to invent and deliver an opinion on school league tables or Sanchez’s move to Manchester United, plus listen to everyone else’s opinions, when all you really want to do is enjoy each mouthful along the way. A second great thing about eating out alone is the chance to combine food with one of life’s other true pleasures: reading. You have to plan this carefully: Indian or Chinese restaurants are best—you need food you can eat with just one hand, leaving the other free to hold your reading material. But perhaps the biggest attraction of a table for one is the chance it gives to people- watching. Restaurants and the different reasons for visiting them-first date, business meeting, night out with friends-produce human behaviour of surprising richness and variety. Will the man selling his business idea get any joy out of his possible investor (投资者)? Will the married couple think of anything to say to each other before their main courses arrive? This “human zoo” part of eating out alone is one of the reasons I’d hate to be famous: everyone would be watching you, so you wouldn’t be able to watch them. The snooker player Steve Davis says this was one of the strangest consequences of becoming well-known: he got very worried about his eating in public, almost to the level of doubting whether he was “doing it right.” So next time you’re considering your eating out choices, remember the advice of the businessman Nubar Gulbenkian: “The best number for a dinner party is two — myself and a super head waiter.” 41. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The reasons for eating out alone. B. The trouble with eating in public. C. The suggestions about dining out. D. The fear of making dining choices. 42. What is the best part of dining out alone? A. One can fix one’s eyes on the food. B. One can enjoy reading while eating. C. One is likely to come across famous people. D. One is given the chance to watch other diners. 43. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 5? A. Steve Davis cared too much about table manners. B. Famous people are always the center of attention. C. Being famous may ruin the joy of eating out alone. D. Being watched seems far better than watching others. 44. The underlined word “consequences” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”. A. reasons B. results C. causes D. advantages 45. What is suggested at the end of the text? A. Dining with friends. B. Chatting over dinner. C. Having a table for one. D. Sharing a table with a waiter. (22-23高一下.天津部分区.期中)5. Have you ever wanted to see your dreams after you woke up? Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may help you do this in the near future! Researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system to recreate images in people’s heads. The pictures AI has created include a teddy bear, an airplane and a clock tower. The technology is 80 percent accurate, reported Science magazine. Previously there have been AI models that can turn a word or phrase into images. The AI has studied lots of images and their text descriptions. Over time, the AI can find patterns and recreate pictures if you first input text. This time, the researchers took a step further. They trained the AI to link people’s brain scan data with images. They asked four people to look at 10, 000 different images, and let the AI find patterns of blood flow in the brain. Then the patterns can be related to the images. If people looked at an airplane, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very cloudy airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text - to - image” model. By feeding the keyword “airplane”, the AI would improve the image and make it more real. “It’s a new method that combines textual and visual information to ‘decipher the brain’”, Ariel Goldstein from Princeton University told Science magazine. Researchers said the technology could someday help people with paralysis to communicate. It might also help scientists understand dreams or even how other animals see the world. 46. What do we know about the AI system mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. It can help train people’s minds. B. It can fully present people’s dreams. C. It was created for drawing people’s heads. D. It can recreate pictures in people’s heads. 47. How did the previous AI models turn phrases into images? A. By understanding the meaning of the words. B. By finding patterns in images and their text descriptions. C. By drawing pictures according to users’ orders. D. By finding different photos from the internet. 48. What is the working process of the new AI system? A. relate with image→scan blood flow→improve the text→turn into the image B. relate with image→turn into text→scan blood flow→improve the image C. scan blood flow→relate with image→turn into text→improve the image D. scan blood flow→turn into text→relate with image→improve the image 49. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. How to know the way animals see the world. B. How people with paralysis talk with others. C. What the new AI technology could be used for. D. How AI technology affects people’s dreams, 50. Which part of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science. (22-23高一下.天津第一百中学.期中)6. Abby Bell loves her job at Haley House, a soup kitchen in Boston’s South End. On a recent weekday morning she was busy greeting guests, helping volunteers, preparing pots of fresh coffee, and answering endless questions. “Butter? We have tons.” “Cups? I’ll grab some for you.” “Without this place there would be no me. These people are angels,” says Linda, a regular guest at Haley House’s free morning breakfast. That feeling is created by Haley House, a program that for five decades has approached social issues facing Boston’s South End community through its soup kitchen, cheap housing, urban gardens, and education programs. The organization welcomes homeless people or those living in low-income housing as a valuable part of the larger community. “It’s really important to know people as people,” says Ms.Federici, who also works for the organization while serving in the kitchen. Instead of relying on volunteers or drive-by helpers to work in its soup kitchen, Haley House seeks out people of all ages and backgrounds who are interested in staying there for two years to help solve the social problems in South End. In exchange, they receive room and board, running its kitchen and caring for its guests. The biggest offering that Haley House has to Boston is, it’s an example of how all these pieces are linked — food, training, jobs, housing. “We couldn’t solve that whole problem of housing homeless people. We couldn’t give jobs to everybody. But what we did was we created models,” says Ms. McKenna, who is now retired from Haley House. “There is that strong connection to the community that Haley House workers are able to develop over their time here” says Sean, who delivers food to Haley House. “They are really passionate about food, but more importantly, about people.” 41. Which of the following best describes Abby Bell? A. Warm-hearted. B. Sharp-minded. C. Generous. D. Intelligent. 42. What is Haley House intended for? A. Popularizing local soup culture. B. Educating South End neighbors. C. Helping build a better community. D. Stressing the importance of people. 43. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A. It’s important to know people. B. It’s important to respect people equally. C. It’s important to know people you are familiar with. D. It’s important to know more people. 44. What do we know about Haley House workers? A. They are talented cooks. B. They do the job for free. C. They live in Haley House. D. They come from Boston. 45. What is the best title for the text? A. From Haley to Boston: A Popular Model B. Haley House: A Developing Organization C. Abby Bell: A Worker at Haley House D. Haley House: Full of Hope (22-23高一下.天津第一百中学.期中)7. Recently, a Chinese app known as Zao has been going viral (疯传) on the Internet, getting thousands of downloads (下载), mainly because it lets its users put their face over the top of actors in scenes from movies or TV shows. It went to number one on the Chinese iOS App Store list and has been the most-downloaded free app in just a few days after it came out. A Twitter user who is mad about Zao has achieved a little fame by sharing the Zao videos of himself in famous TV and movie scenes online. His videos show that he really looks like the main actor in the movies “The Hulk”,“Titanic”, and in the TV drama “Game of Thrones”, which takes just eight seconds. However, the Zao app is only available for people with a Chinese phone number, which means it cannot be downloaded from app stores in the USA or Europe. The app is based on a new computer technology called deepfake which has spread on the Internet. The word “deepfake” is a combination of “deep learning”, which is an important part of artificial intelligence (AI人工智能) and “fake”, which means not real. The new computer technology is causing people to be worried about more fake news and other things that can mislead them. Deepfake software allows people to replace part of a picture or video with another picture or video. The result is a fake video. The software means you can put your face over the face of a talking president or movie star. This process will make your face speak in the voice of that president or movie star. Many American people are worried that the technology will be used in some important national activities. Other people worry that they might lose their facial recognition data. It is possible that hackers (黑客) could steal this data from app companies and use it to hack into users’ phones and steal their money. 46. What can users do with the help of Zao? A. They can perform in real TV shows. B They can download movies for free. C. They can put their faces into popular videos. D. They can make themselves look more beautiful. 47. It can be inferred from the passage that_____. A. an online app based on Zao is designed B. Zao achieved success after it came out C. the new app is only available for Twitter users D. it will take a long time to replace actors’ faces with yours 48. What is the weakness of Zao? A. Its high price. B. Its difficult operation. C. Its outdated system. D. Its limitation of users. 49. What do Paragraphs 4 and 5 talk about? A. Why people worry about the new computer technology. B. How to use the new computer technology the right way. C. Why so many people like using deepfake software. D. How to stop hackers from using deepfake software. 50. What can we learn from the passage? A. It’s safe to use Zao and other deepfake software. B. The new deepfake app will soon lose most of its users. C. Many users prefer Zao to deepfake because of its price. D. Different people have different opinions about Zao. (22-23高一下.天津第一百中学.期中)8. Teens are now less likely to do part-time jobs, drink alcohol or go out without their parents than teens 10 or 20 years ago. This generation of teens is delaying (推迟) the responsibilities and pleasures of adulthood. Some people think that today’s teens are more responsible. Others have suggested that today’s teens aren’t working because they are simply lazy. To figure out what’s really going on, we should look at these trends (趋势) with “life history theory” taken into consideration. A “fast life method” was the most common parenting approach in the mid-20th century, when fewer high technology devices were available and the average woman had four children. The parents needed to focus on day-to-day survival. As a result, kids needed to take care of themselves sooner. A “slow life method” on the other hand is more common in times and places where families have fewer children and spend more time on each child’s growth and development. When an average family has two children, preparing for college can begin as early as primary schools. There is a clear difference between the two methods. The two methods are adaptations to a particular cultural background, so each isn’t naturally “good”or “bad”. Delaying exposure (接触) to alcohol, then, could make young adults less prepared to deal with drinking in college. One study found teens who rapidly increased their binge-drinking (酗酒) were more at risk of alcohol dependence than those who learned to drink over a longer period of time. The same might be true for teens who don’t work, drive or go out much in high school. College teachers describe students who can’t do anything without calling their parents. However, the “slow-life method” is also likely beneficial as teens are spending more time developing socially and emotionally before they drive, drink alcohol and work for pay. The key is to make sure that teens eventually get the opportunity to develop the skills they will need as adults: independence, along with social and decision making skills. For parents, this might mean pushing their teenagers out of the house more. 51. Compared with teens nowadays, which can best describe teens in the past? A. Believable. B. Outgoing. C. Intelligent. D. Independent. 52. What plays a key role in the trend of teens growing up more slowly? A. Social comments. B. Cultural changes. C. Educational development. D. Methods of education. 53. What does the author advise parents to do? A. Spend less time in taking care of their children. B. Force their children to leave home at an early age. C. Encourage their children to take part in social activities. D. Help their children to get to adulthood as soon as possible. 54. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. How teens develop skills they need in future. B. Teens take no responsibility for what they do. C. Why today’s teens aren’t in any hurry to grow up. D. Nowadays teens can’t make decisions by themselves. 55. In which part of a magazine can we read this passage? A. Society. B. Education. C. Business. D. Entertainment. (22-23高一下.天津中学.期中)9. Archaeologists(考古学家), studying Stonehenge and its surrounding area say they’ve dug up the relies of an untouched, ancient campsite that dates back to 6,000 years-a find that could rewrite British prehistory. “This is the most important discovery at Stonehenge in over 60 years,” Professor Tim Darvill, a Bournemouth University archaeologist and a Stonehenge expert who did not take part in the new discovery, told the Telegraph. And as he told The Huffington Post in an email, the discovery changes earlier theories that Stonehenge was built in a landscape that was not heavily used before about 3000 B. C. The discovery was made during a dig at Blick Mead, a site about 15 miles from Stonehenge. Researchers found charcoal(木炭) dating back to 4,000 B. C. and evidence of possible buildings, according to a statement released by the university. They also dug up burnt stone and tools, as well as the remains of animals-ancient cattle that served as food for ancient hunter-gatherers. The researchers plan further analysis on the artificial objects but say they’re worried the tunnel construction(隧道建设) could damage the site and get in the way of their work. “Blick Mead could explain what archaeologists have been searching for centuries-an answer to the story of Stonehenge’s past,” David Jacques, the University of Buckingham archaeologist who discovered the campsite, told The Guardian. “But our only chance to find out about the earliest part of Britain’s history could be ruined if the tunnel goes ahead.”  Stonehenge, a prehistoric monument made up of a ring of standing stones, lies eight miles north of Salisbury, England in Wiltshire. It has been listed as a World Heritage Site since 1986. 42. The main purpose of the passage is________ A. to introduce a recent discovery of ancient relics B. to call on people to protect the ancient relics C. to warn the researchers not to do further analysis D. to attract more tourists to visit Stonehenge 43. We can learn from the passage that________. A. the researchers express their concern that the relics might be ruined B. the ancient campsite has been destroyed by the construction workers C. archaeologists are repairing artificial objects founded in the relic site D. the tunnel construction rewrites the earliest part of Britain’s history 44. In which section of a newspaper can we read this passage? ________ A. Travel. B. Business C. Lifestyle D. Culture 45. What might be the best title for the passage? ________ A. Stonehenge Is In Danger of Being Destroyed Because Of the Find. B. New Stonehenge Discovery Described As Most Important In 60 years. C. A New Tunnel Is Being Constructed Under Stonehenge. D. Stonehenge Has Been Listed as a World Heritage Site Since 1986. (22-23高一下.天津中学.期中)10. Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send orders to machines. Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, showed a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts. In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the wheelchair and guided it with his thoughts. “Our brain has billions of nerve cells (神经细胞). These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓) to the muscles (肌肉) to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with outside world and also to control the machine.” The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer understands the signals and directs the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that recognize objects in its path. They help the computer react to orders from the brain. Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer, software that understands brain signals and turns them into simple orders. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be divided into two kinds: communication, and controlling the machine. One example is this wheelchair.” He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to ensure that they can use the technology over long periods of time. 46. BCI is a technology that can ________. A. help to update computer systems B. link the human brain with computers C. help the disabled to become well D. control a person’s thoughts 47. How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory? ________ A. By controlling his muscles. B. By talking to the machine. C. By moving his hand. D. By using his mind. 48. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5? A. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair B. compute→cap→scalp→wheelchair C. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair D. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair 49. The team will test with real patients to ________. A. make profits from them B. prove the technology useful to them C. make them live longer D. learn about their physical condition 50. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? ________ A. Switzerland, the BCI Research Center B. New Findings About How the Human Brain Works C. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled D. Computer Technology Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries 议论文 (23-24高一下.天津部分区.期中)1. Think about things around you when you get up in the morning: the alarm clock, toothbrush, toile, coffee maker, and shower heads… What do these things have in common? They are all inventions. They come in all shapes, sizes and varieties. And their inventors were from diverse backgrounds. Sure, many scientists have made discoveries and turned those discoveries into inventions. However, that doesn’t mean you must be a scientist to be an inventor. We often hear that necessity is the mother of invention, and it means that people often identify one of their needs and then try to meet that need. Sometimes the only way to meet that need is to invent a new product! Think about all of the musical instruments in the world. Now think of all the products that go along with those instruments. Instead of scientists, many of those products were invented by musicians. They discovered a need and then invented a product to satisfy it. They may have thought scientifically about the product. They may have had help from a scientist, but many people have shown that inventors can come from any background. Non-scientific approaches can help develop new inventions. Although thinking scientifically is often a necessity, it can also be helpful to think out of the box. We often get used to doing things the same way and thinking that some ideas won’t work, which makes us stop thinking about new things. But if we keep thinking, we might discover something amazing. That is why some inventors can come from a variety of non-scientific backgrounds. For example a poet and an astronomer both look at the sky, but they see it differently. The poet might have ideas about a problem the astronomer would never consider. See? You don’t have to be a scientist to be an inventor. Somehow, everyone can invent something. 46. What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A. Inventions can be made by anyone, not just scientists. B. Inventions are mainly the result of scientific discoveries. C. Inventors must have scientific backgrounds. D. Inventors is good at inventing daily things. 47. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Remember. B. Invent. C. Find. D. Develop. 48. The writer mentioned the invention of musical instruments in order to show ______. A. the need for a solution leads to invention B. music is very important in our lives C. inventions come from scientific thinking D. music can help scientists become inventors 49. What does the writer mean by saying “thinking out of the box” in Paragraph 4? A. It is helpful for people to keep thinking. B. It is not important for people to think scientifically. C. People need to think about things in new, different ways. D. People need to get used to doing things the same way. 50. By writing the passage, what may the writer want to tell us? A. We should take a look at the sky. B. It’s not easy to write a piece of music. C. We should try to solve scientific problems. D. It’s possible for everyone to invent things. (23-24高一下.天津河东区.期中)2. Thomas, 13, and his friends Mark and Josh had a fantastic idea. Why not play a game of football ... on a trampoline（蹦床）? At first, it was great fun. Then Mark stumbled（绊倒）, landing directly on Thomas’s leg. Thomas howled in pain. Even if you’ve never been injured on a trampoline, chances are you know someone who has. There were nearly 95,000 trampoline-related injuries, in 2012 alone. These injuries are such an enormous problem that the American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP）, a group of doctors who specialize in treating children and adolescents, said in a 2012 study that trampolines should never be used at home or on playgrounds. Never. “This is not a toy. It’s a piece of equipment,” says Dr. Michele LaBotz, an author of the AAPstudy. Indeed, when trampolines were invented in the 1930s, they were intended for use by professional acrobats（杂技演员）. Over time, trampolines caught on with the public, and now 900,000 are sold each year, most of them for recreational use. Part of trampolines’ appeal is that despite the risks, they provide good exercise. You get a heart-pumping aerobic（有氧的） workout, like you do when running or dancing. And young people need all the exercise they can get. Still, trampolines can be dangerous — and not just for kids who fall off. Kids are also getting hurt on the springs and when they strike against each other. Serious injuries to the head and neck have been reported. One out of every 200 trampoline injuries leads to permanent brain damage. Bouncing on a trampoline is clearly risky. But then, every athletic activity involves risk. Kids fall off bikes and skateboards all the time. As with any sport, kids on a trampoline can protect themselves. For instance: Never allow more than one person on a trampoline at a time. （About 75 percent of injuries result from having multiple jumpers at once.） And always have adult supervision. 42. According to the 2012 study by the AAP, ________. A. kids can protect themselves on a trampoline B. trampolines shouldn’t be used for entertainment C. trampolines are more popular among young kids D. kids shouldn’t trampoline without adult supervision 43. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean? A. Trampolines were used to train the public. B. People realized the danger of trampolining. C. Trampolines became popular among the public. D. People worried about kids playing on trampolines. 44. What’s the author’s attitude towards trampolining? A. Uncertain. B. Unconcerned. C. Opposed. D. Objective. 45. The text is mainly about ________. A. the history of trampolines B. why kids shouldn’t trampoline C. the advantages of trampolining D. whether kids should trampoline (23-24高一下.天津河西区.期中)3. In the mornings, as I walked from the train station to the office, I planned my day by making a to-do list in my head: the scientific articles I would read, the data sets I would analyze, and most urgent of all — the insights into human nature that it was my job to discover. Each evening, I went back to the station, again going through my mental checklist but this time sizing up my performance against the expectations I’d set for myself that morning. Time and again, when comparing my to-do list with my got-done list, I felt frustrated because I had fallen short. But one day, something very strange happened. During my trip home, without any conscious intention, my thoughts began to change. Instead of feeling bad about my weaknesses, I said aloud very softly: I’m a nice person. I’m a nice person. I’m a nice person. By the time I boarded my train, I was done with my little chant until the next day when I walked home. And again, after counting my failures, I found myself saying quietly: I’m a nice person. It turns out that there’s a technical term for this practice: values affirmation (肯定). And what it emphasizes is recognizing and strengthening the personal values. When you affirm a core personal value, you raise your sense of self-worth. You broaden your outlook: Instead of focusing on your shortfalls, you switch to a wide-angle view that includes your resources and opportunities. And the people who do this are happier, healthier, and more hopeful. Overtime, I made progress in my research and learned a lot about what makes most successful people special, including this: Nobody has passion and determination unless what they do lines up with their values. Try values affirmation for yourself and teach the practice to your students. Take a moment and think of a value you hold, whether it’s kindness, creativity, or gratitude. Whatever it is, name it. And then say to yourself: Come what may, I know who I am. Your values are your foundation and your compass, too. Trust them, and they will lead you home. 41. How did the author feel when comparing his to-do list with his got-done list at the beginning? A. Satisfied. B. Pleased. C. Disappointed. D. Unconcerned. 42. What does the underlined words “sizing up” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Changing. B. Forming. C. Denying. D. Judging. 43. The author affirmed his values by . A. strengthening a core personal value to himself B. talking aloud to himself on his way home C. counting his failures D. making his to-do list 44. What does values affirmation mean to people? A. It changes people’s focus to their shortcomings. B. It improves their sense of self-worth. C. It limits their resources and opportunities. D. It makes them more critical of themselves. 45. What’s the author’s suggestion to readers? A. To constantly compare oneself to others. B. To improve one’s kindness and gratitude. C. To highlight values affirmation and spread the practice. D. To become successful with passion. (22-23高一下.天津第三中学.期中)4. Nowadays, it is more common for people to express their thoughts in an e-mail or text. In fact, more and more students use technology for written communication in their lives. Even so, research shows that teaching handwriting skills has its benefits. However, are the benefits worth spending valuable classroom time in teaching handwriting skills when students could be learning more about computer keyboarding? States across the country have good reasons to require students to learn computer keyboarding skills. For one, students are learning technology that will help them communicate faster with more people and in many different forms, such as e-mails, websites, blogs, and so on. Also the better a student’s computer keyboarding skills, the greater the chance that a student has to become a better writer. Computer tools such as the grammar and spell check make correcting quick and easy, although not 100% accurate (准确的). With these and many other tools, students gain important computer skills. Furthermore, students no longer have to worry about their writing being graded poorly by teachers. All in all, computer keyboarding skills are a step in the right direction. Still, the advantages of computer keyboarding skills may not be enough to leave handwriting instruction in the dust. Marlena Hamilton, professor of neurology at University of Pennsylvania, did an experiment with her co-workers to study what happens in students’ brains when writing. They found that many of the areas of the brain light up. These are the same areas that are used to learn to read. They then wondered if the same would be true when students looked at letters on a keyboard. “What we found, “she states, “is that brains are much less involved when we just look at letters. When we actually use our hands to make things, the brain works much harder.” Schools across the nation are looking at the evidence and deciding what to do. William McIntyre, a reading coach at Sunshine Elementary School in Albany, New York, says, “What we have learned from the research is that learning handwriting benefits students educationally. What we also know is that students need to be taught keyboarding skills. Now, it is up to each school to make a decision. 46. From the first paragraph, we can know that _______. A. students don’t want to learn handwriting skills any more B. students don’t like communicating with friends in person C. students’ communicating by technology is more and more common D. students spend more time in playing computer games than before 47. What does the second paragraph mainly want to show? A. The roles of computer tools. B. The advantages of computer keyboarding skills. C. The importance of communication skills. D. The necessity of developing writing skills. 48. What’s the author’s attitude to students’ learning keyboarding skills? A. Worried. B. Doubtful. C. Uncaring. D. Supportive. 49. What can the result of Hamilton’s experiment show? A. Keyboarding skills are very useful. B. Handwriting is helpful for students to learn. C. Keyboarding makes our brain more active. D. Handwriting is more difficult than keyboarding. (22-23高一下.天津重点校联考.期中)5. Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself the question "why is history important "is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history. History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide. History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life. History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance （无知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us. History can inspire us to learn more. what's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody. The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives. 46 The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means __________. A. the turning point in our history B. the present state of our nation C. the location of our homeland D. the total area of our country 47. According to the experts, why is history useful for people to handle challenges of life? A. The problems at present are similar to those in the past. B. Ancient people laid economic foundations for people today. C. The current challenges of life were predicted by the ancestors. D. People living long time ago knew more about how to solve problems. 48. What can be concluded from Para.4? A. It is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers. B. People are willing to accept foreign cultures. C. Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore. D. History helps us improve our cross-cultural awareness. 49. With the example in Para.5, the writer intends to show that______________. A. Charles Dickens contributes much to British literature. B. Oliver Twist can satisfy our curiosity for romantic poets. C. reading novels is a way to learn about a historical period. D. studying history can arouse people's interest in other fields. 50. What could be the best title for the passage? A. How to Build Cultural Identity B. Why Studying History Matters C. Know the Past, Know the Present D. History: a Way to Broaden Horizons 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解之说明文和议论文 说明文 (23-24高一下.天津第四十七中.期中)1. An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to (归因于)the global economic crisis (危机) awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works. Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up. Professor John Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecturer at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures-which are open to students from all departments-were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250. “There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done.” He said. University applications rose 7% last year, but there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people’s renewed interest in careers in the public sector(部门), which are seen as more secure in economic crisis. A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain. Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “It’s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that’s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.” 51. Professor John Beath’s lectures are_______ . A. given in a traditional way B. connected with the present situation C. open to both students and their parents D. warmly received by economics 52. Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their_________ . A. greater stability B. higher pay C. fewer applications D. better reputation 53. In the opinion of most parents __________ . A. economics should be the focus of school teaching B. more students should be admitted to universities C. the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened D. children should solve financial problems themselves 54. According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters_____________ . A. wiser in money management B. have access to better equipment C. confident about their future careers D. get jobs in Child Trust Funds 55. What’s the main idea of the text? A. Universities have received more applications. B. Economics is attracting an increasing numbers students. C. College students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty. D. Parents are concerned with children’s subject selection. 【答案】51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了金融危机下学生们开始更多地选择与经济有关的专业这一现象。申请到大学中学习经济专业的学生的增加归因于全球性的经济危机激起了民众对于金融系统运作知识的渴望。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句话“One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done.（今年我所做的一件事是，以一种传统上没有的方式，将我的教学与当代事件联系起来）可知，他把教学与当前的一些重大事件紧密相连，即贴近现实生活，故B选项“connected with the present situation (与当前的形势相联系)”为正确答案。故选B项。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据从第五段最后第二、三句“Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people’s renewed interest in careers in the public sector , which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.（随着人们对公共部门职业的兴趣重新燃起，护理行业的人数增长了15%。在经济危机时期，公共部门被认为更有保障）可知，在当前金融危机下，这些公共部门的工作以其安全性和稳定性吸引了求职者，故A选项“greater stability(更大的稳定性)”为正确答案。故选A项。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters（最近的一项研究显示，近三分之二的家长认为学校应该在教育学生财务问题上做得更多）”可知，C选项“the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened.（加强关于经济问题方面的教学）”是大多数家长的观点。故选C项。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “It’s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that’s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.”（ 儿童信托基金的负责人扎克·霍金说:“经济衰退可能带来的一件好事是，一代人在财务上变得更加明智，在经济不确定的时期能够更好地管理自己的资金。”）”可知，Hocking认为经济下滑带来的一个好处就是更智慧地管理钱财。故选A项。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works.（全球经济危机唤醒了公众对金融体系运作方式的渴望，因此申请大学经济学专业的学生人数有所增加）”结合下文内容可知，本文主要论述经济学吸引着越来越多的学生，以及该现象背后的原因。故选B项。 (23-24高一下.天津建华中学.期中)2. Putonghua is the official language on the mainland, but if history had played out differently, most of the people could have been speaking Cantonese. In 1912, shortly after the end of the Qing dynasty, the founding fathers of the republic met to decide which language should be spoken in the new China. Mandarin - now known as Putonghua - was just a northern dialect spoken by the hated Manchurian officials at that time. While it had served as China’s lingua franca(混合语) for centuries, many saw it as an “impure form” of Chinese. Many of the leaders including Sun Yat-sen, were from Guangdong - where people are open to new ideas. A great debate started and eventually led to a formal vote. Cantonese lost out by a small margin to Putonghua and the rest is history. While historians today still argue about whether this story is real, it is something Guangdong people love to tell. Many Cantonese speakers feel proud of their native language, saying it has more in common with the classical Chinese than Putonghua - which is a mix of northern dialects heavily influenced by Manchurian and Mongolian. Linguists agree to some degree. “Cantonese is closer to classical Chinese in its pronunciation and some grammar,” Jiang Wenxian, a Chinese language scholar, said. “Using Cantonese to read classical poetry is a real pleasure,” he said. “Many ancient poems don’t rhyme(押韵) when you read them in Putonghua, but they do in Cantonese.” “Cantonese keeps a flavor of ancient Chinese. Nowadays few people understand classical Chinese, so Cantonese should be protected as a type of language fossil helping us study ancient Chinese culture.” Cantonese is spoken by about 70 million people in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau and communities abroad. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Guangdong was the only Chinese province allowed to trade directly with foreigners. Many Westerners at the time learned Cantonese. Up till very recently, there were more Cantonese speakers in overseas Chinese communities than Putonghua speakers. In Canada, for example, Cantonese is the third most commonly spoken language after English and French. 48. What’s the function of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic. B. To attraction people’s attention. C. To summarize the whole passage. D. To show the importance of Putonghua. 49. What can we learn from the fourth paragraph? A. Most of the leaders are in favor of Putonghua. B. Most of the leaders came from Guangdong at that time. C. Guangdong people are more likely to accept new ideas. D. Sun Yat-sen suggested having a debate to decide on the new language. 50. Why Cantonese should be protected as a type of language fossil? A. Because it’s as important as Putonghua. B. Because it is an ancient language with a long history. C. Because nowadays few people can understand Cantonese. D. Because it is very helpful when studying Chinese culture. 51. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. New language, New China. B. How Putonghua defeated Cantonese C. The development of an official language D. Cantonese almost became the official language 【答案】48. A 49. C 50. D 51. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如果历史发生变化，广东话可能会取代现在的普通话成为中国的官方语。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Putonghua is the official language on the mainland, but if history had played out differently, most of the people could have been speaking Cantonese.(普通话是大陆的官方语言，但如果历史发生了变化，大多数人可能会说广东话。)”可知，文章第一段主要引出文章主题，即广东话差点成为中国的官方语。故选A。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Many of the leaders, including Sun Yat-sen, were from Guangdong - where people are open to new ideas.(包括孙中山在内的许多领导人都来自广东，那里的人们对新思想持开放态度。)”可知，广东人更容易接受新思想。故选C。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段““Cantonese keeps a flavor of ancient Chinese. Nowadays few people understand classical Chinese, so Cantonese should be protected as a type of language fossil helping us study ancient Chinese culture.” Cantonese is spoken by about 70 million people in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau and communities abroad.(“广东话保留了古代汉语的味道。现在很少有人懂文言文，所以广东话应该作为一种语言化石来保护，帮助我们研究中国古代文化。”广东、香港、澳门和海外社区约有7000万人使用广东话。)”可知，广东话保留了古代汉语的味道，而现在很少有人懂文言文，因此将广东话应该作为一种语言化石来保护可以帮助我们研究中国古代文化。故选D。 【51题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Putonghua is the official language on the mainland, but if history had played out differently, most of the people could have been speaking Cantonese.(普通话是大陆的官方语言，但如果历史发生了变化，大多数人可能会说广东话。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了广东话差点取代普通话成为中国的官方语言，以及广东话的特点和广泛使用。故选D。 (23-24高一下.天津重点校联考.期中)3. We live in a digital world now, and a student's technology needs have changed. For the early years, say when you are in primary school, you can get by with no technology at all. Even if you have a computer, it's a good idea to get children familiar with libraries. At this age, trips to the library are like family outings. As you get closer to middle school, a computer with Internet access becomes more of a necessity. Teachers will often give assignments that require a student to use the Internet for research. After a computer, technology choices for students become more difficult to make – especially when it comes to cell-phones. Kids will beg their parents for a cell-phone, especially in middle school. For many parents, it's a safety issue: They want to know that their kids can reach them quickly if necessary. For teachers, cell phones can be used to record lessons when students are absent. But many teachers dislike cell-phones. Some kids send messages or have talks in the class. Sending messages also raises the problem of cheating on exams. More and more schools are now forbidding the use of cell-phones. Many kids see iPods as necessary things to have. iPods are great for music, but do they do anything good for your children’s education? Maybe they do. That’s the opinion of Doug Johnson, an educator for 30 years. Johnson says that educators should accept all new forms of technology in the classroom, including iPods. “Some do more with their cell- phones than we can do with our laptops,” he jokes. “I don’t think we should be afraid. The truth is that it’s easier to change the way we teach than to change the technology habits of an entire generation.” 46. According to author, primary school children should___. A. use the computer and the Internet regularly B. ask their parents to buy them cell-phones C. buy iPods to listen to music D. go to libraries to read more books 47. Why do parents agree to buy their children cell-phones? A. They want their children to be cool. B. They think cell-phones be helpful to their study. C. They want to keep in touch with their children. D. They want their children to keep up to date. 48. The following are all reasons why many teachers dislike cell-phones EXCEPT ____. A. cell-phones can be used to cheat on exams B. schoolchildren will send messages during class C. cell-phones can be used to record lessons D. schoolchildren might talk on them during class 49. What does the underlined word “that” refers to? A. iPods can be used to listen to music. B. iPods can be helpful for children’s education. C. iPods can be used to play games. D. iPods are necessary for children’s lives. 50. We can infer from what Doug Johnson said that _____. A. cell-phones are not useful to students B. teachers should let students use cell-phones C. it’s better for teachers to change their teaching methods D. schoolchildren should follow the trends(潮流) of fashion 【答案】46. D 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电子设备对孩子教育的影响。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Even if you have a computer, it’s a good idea to get children familiar with libraries.”（即使你有电脑，让孩子们经常去图书馆也是个好主意）可知，作者认为，小学生应该多去图书馆读书，故选D。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“For many parents, it’s a safety issue: They want to know that their kids can reach them quickly if necessary.”（对许多父母来说，这是一个安全问题：他们想知道，如果有必要，他们的孩子可以很快找到他们）可知，很多家长同意给孩子买电话是因为他们想和孩子保持联系，故选C。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“But many teachers dislike cell-phones. Some kids send messages or have talks in the class. Sending messages also raises the problem of cheating on exams.”（但是很多老师不喜欢手机。有些孩子在课堂上发信息或打电话。发短信也会引发考试作弊的问题）可知，老师不喜欢孩子用手机的原因不包括用手机记录课程，故选C。 【49题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段画线词前的“Many kids see iPods as necessary things to have. iPods are great for music, but do they do anything good for your children’s education? Maybe they do.”（许多孩子认为iPod是必备的东西。iPod对音乐很有帮助，但对孩子的教育有什么好处吗？也许是的）可知，手机对孩子的学习有帮助，此处的that指代的就是这一点，故选B。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Doug Johnson所说的“I don’t think we should be afraid. The truth is that it’s easier to change the way we teach than to change the technology habits of an entire generation.” （我认为我们不应该害怕。事实是，改变我们的教学方式比改变整整一代人的技术习惯更容易）可知，从Doug Johnson的话中，我们可以得知，教师最好改变教学方法，故选C。 (23-24高一下.天津咸水沽一中和东丽百中.期中)4. Have you ever heard of “children of the stars”? It might sound mysterious, but the expression refers to children with autism (自闭症). World Autism Awareness Day falls on April 2. It was initiated by the United Nations to raise awareness and promote acceptance of people with autism. According to the US-based Autism Research Institute, autism is a disorder with symptoms (症状) that appear within the first three years of life. The condition is believed to involve deficits (缺陷) in social communication and interaction as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities. Meng Lingdi, whose daughter was diagnosed (诊断) with autism at 2 years old, shared that her daughter wouldn’t pay attention to her when Meng asked her to do something. “She made less eye contact with people compared to other kids,” Meng added. Children with autism also suffer from physical pain. “Many children with autism experience epilepsy (癫痫) due to differences in brain activity,” said Sun Zhongkai at Beijing Stars and Rain Education Institute for Autism. Epilepsy among people with autism becomes even more prevalent (普遍的) starting from adolescence (青春期), he added. At present, the precise cause of autism remains unknown, but research indicates that it is likely a result of a mix of developmental, genetic (遗传的), and environmental factors. “According to our statistics, older parents are more likely to have autistic children than younger parents,” said Sun. “If the first child in a family has autism, the chances of subsequent children also having autism are about 10 times higher than in families where the first child is not autistic. The likelihood of identical twins both having autism is also significant.” Although autism is a lifelong condition, there are various treatments available. According to Liu Wei, a teacher at the institute with 20 years of experience in teaching people with autism, it is crucial not to view people with autism with a sense of strangeness. Affirmations (肯定) from others will make them feel proud, enabling them to interact with others more effectively. For those close to autism sufferers, such as friends or family, it’s useful to establish certain principles for the individual, such as what is permissible and what is not. They should also have a deep understanding of autism and how to deal with it, which, for children with autism, may “benefit them for a lifetime,” said Sun. 61. What is the purpose of the World Autism Awareness Day’s foundation? A. To make people with autism easier to get various treatments. B. To arouse people’s attention to autism and make people with autism easier to be accepted. C. To make people with autism have a deep understanding of autism. D. To enable people with autism to interact with others more effectively. 62. What is autism primarily characterized by? A. High anxiety. B. Sleeping disorders. C. Communication difficulties. D. Exceptional athletic skills. 63. What can we know about autistic children with epilepsy? A. They are more active physically. B. They exhibit heightened sensitivity. C. Their condition worsens with age. D. Their brain functions unusually. 64. According to the text, which factor may be linked to an increased likelihood of having a child with autism? A. Gender of the child. B. Age of the parents. C. Education of the parents. D. Environmental pollution. 65. How should we approach individuals with autism, according to the text? A. Offer encouragement and support. B. Communicate our ideas clearly to them. C Be as generous as possible. D. Allow freedom in their choices. 【答案】61. B 62. C 63. D 64. B 65. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自闭症相关的知识，包括自闭症的主要特征，发病原因等。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“It was initiated by the United Nations to raise awareness and promote acceptance of people with autism.(它是由联合国发起的，旨在提高人们对自闭症患者的认识，并促进人们对自闭症患者的接受)”可知，世界提高自闭症意识日基金会的目的是唤起人们对自闭症的关注，让自闭症患者更容易被接受。故选B。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The condition is believed to involve deficits (缺陷) in social communication and interaction as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities.(这种情况被认为包括社会沟通和互动方面的缺陷，以及限制的、重复的行为、兴趣或活动)”可知，自闭症的主要特征是沟通困难。故选C。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段““Many children with autism experience epilepsy (癫痫) due to differences in brain activity,” said Sun Zhongkai at Beijing Stars and Rain Education Institute for Autism.(北京星雨自闭症教育研究所的孙仲凯说：“由于大脑活动的差异，许多自闭症儿童都患有癫痫。”)”可知，患有癫痫的自闭症儿童的大脑功能不正常。故选D。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“According to our statistics, older parents are more likely to have autistic children than younger parents(根据我们的统计，年长的父母比年轻的父母更有可能有自闭症的孩子)”可知，父母的年龄可能与孩子患自闭症的可能性增加有关。故选B。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Affirmations (肯定) from others will make them feel proud, enabling them to interact with others more effectively.(来自他人的肯定会让他们感到自豪，使他们能够更有效地与他人互动)”可知，我们应该对自闭症患者给予鼓励和支持。故选A。 (22-23高一下.天津第三中学.期中)5. Knowing how to communicate well needs very personal attention between you and another human being. Is there a better way to learn how to communicate effectively? Yes, there is. Please follow the 3 basic steps below. * Relax and breathe Whether it's a business meeting or a first date, the first thing you must do in order to communicate is to relax. When you relax, you are in control. You control your reactions and your reactions do not control you. Breathing is central to relaxation. Take a few deep breaths and your body will begin to be more at ease. This will help you apply what you already know about how to communicate well. * Think and you will be prepared Have you ever heard the old saying "think before you speak"? Well, it is true. By thinking ahead about how the conversation might flow, you will be better prepared, more at ease and more confident. * Follow the flow of the conversation If you are uncomfortable, being silent will only make it worse and make the other person uncomfortable as well. So when all else fails, follow through with small talk until a common topic appears. A good way to keep a conversation going is to ask the other person questions. People love to talk about themselves and if you do this, they will leave the conversation, thinking very highly of you. Learning good communication skills is not something out of reach. If you make an effort, you will succeed. 41. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. How to Begin Your Conversation Effectively. B. Preparation and Conversation. C. Personal Attention and Communication. D. How to Communicate with People You Meet. 42. If you want to talk with others successfully, the most important thing you should do is ________. A. to make a good preparation for the conversation. B. to take as many deep breaths as possible. C. to keep calm and relax yourself fully. D. to follow the flow of the conversation. 43. Why does relaxation play an important part in your good communication? A. Because it can help you keep excited and react quickly in the communication. B. Because it will help you organize good sentences for your communication. C. Because it can help you put your communication skills that you know into use. D. Because no one likes to communicate with a nervous person. 44. If you feel uncomfortable, you'd better ________. A. talk small things until you find a topic you both like. B. speak freely so as to run across the topic you like. C. keep silent in order to give the chance of speaking to others. D. ask questions which you are interested in. 45. What's the meaning of the underlined sentence? A. You will be good at communication if you try. B. Good communication skills can be learned if you try. C. Not all people can learn good communication skills. D. Communication skills can be improved easily. 【答案】41. D 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些如何有效沟通的方法。 【41题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Knowing how to communicate well needs very personal attention between you and another human being. Is there a better way to learn how to communicate effectively? Yes, there is. Please follow the 3 basic steps below.（了解如何进行良好的沟通需要你和另一个人之间的个别关注。有没有更好的方法来学习如何有效沟通？是的，有。请遵循以下3个基本步骤。）”可知，文章主要介绍了一些如何有效沟通的方法。所以D选项“How to Communicate with People You Meet.（如何与你遇到的人沟通。）”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据Relax and breathe部分的“Whether it's a business meeting or a first date, the first thing you must do in order to communicate is to relax.（无论是商务会议还是初次约会，交流时首先要做的就是放松。）”可知，如果想成功地和其他人交流，最重要的就是要镇定并且放松。故选C项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据Relax and breathe部分的“This will help you apply what you already know about how to communicate well.（这将帮助你运用你已经知道的如何更好地沟通。）”可知，放松可以帮助你更好地运用你所知道的沟通技巧。故选C项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据Follow the flow of the conversation部分的“So when all else fails, follow through with small talk until a common topic appears.（所以，当所有这些都失败时，继续闲聊，直到一个共同的话题出现。）”可知，当你感到不舒服时，要继续闲聊，直到找到共同的话题。故选A项。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线句下一句“If you make an effort, you will succeed.（如果你努力，你会成功的。）”可知，前一句描述的应该是有关努力就有收获的内容，所以划线句“Learning good communication skills is not something out of reach.（学习良好的沟通技巧并不是遥不可及的。）”意思应该是只要努力，好的沟通技巧是可以学习到的。故选B项。 (22-23高一下.天津第一百中学.期中)6. In Paris, the River Seine plays many roles in the city: It divides the Right Bank from the Left Bank, acting as a dividing line; it provides transportation by riverboat and plenty of chance for pleasant walks; lots of Paris’ famous sights are located on both sides of the banks, including the Eiffel Tower and Notre-Dame Cathedral. The Basics(基本原则) One of the best ways to see the Seine is to walk along it, particularly from Les Invalides to Ile Saint-Louis, where you can go across the river on bridges such as Pont Alexandre III, Pont Royal, and Pont des Arts to see some of the most beautiful and best-known buildings in France. Besides, a River Seine trip allows you to rest your legs and enjoy the sights; book a brunch, lunch, or dinner trip to combine your sightseeing with a French meal, or choose the Eiffel Tower to enjoy two of Paris’ most popular activities on one tour. Things to Know Before You Go While you are running through Paris’ main tourist areas, the River Seine is hard to miss; you won’t have to go far to find it. There are more than 30 bridges over the Seine in Paris. You should wear comfortable shoes for walking along the banks and bridges and be prepared for crowds on popular bridges like Pont des Arts. When to Get There For a peaceful walk, head to the river in the early morning hours before most of the crowds and travelers arrive. Or go for an after-dinner walk to take in the scenery of the City of Light on the water. Visiting Canal Saint-Martin In northeast Paris, the Canal Saint-Martin area is a place where you can see footbridges and modern locals instead of the Seine’s traffic and tourists. Enjoy a more relaxing moment. 36. Which of the following can be used to describe the River Seine? A. A riverboat provider. B. A good place to swim. C A dividing line in Paris. D. An ancient sightseeing place. 37. Which is the best line to walk along to see the River Seine according to the author? A. From the Right Bank to the Left Bank. B. From Les Invalides to Ile Saint-Louis. C. From Pont Alexandre Ⅲ to Pont Royal. D. From Pont des Arts to the Eiffel Tower. 38. What can we know about the River Seine from the passage? A. It is too far away to be found. B. Popular bridges over it may be very crowded. C. It is so wide that there are few bridges across it. D. Comfortable clothes should be prepared when you walk over its bank. 39. When does the author suggest visiting the River Seine? A. At midnight. B. At the dinner time. C. The time when there aren’t crowds. D. The time when other travelers arrive. 40. What can we infer from the passage? A. Travelers should bring enough food before visiting the River Seine. B. Travelers can see the Seine’s traffic and tourists in the Canal Saint-Martin area. C. It’s a good choice to visit the Eiffel Tower on another tour after visiting the Seine. D. It’s a good idea to see the Seine and enjoy a French meal at the same time. 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了去巴黎塞纳河游玩的一些注意事项。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It divides the Right Bank from the Left Bank, acting as a dividing line;(它作为一条分界线，把右岸和左岸分开，)”可知，塞纳河是巴黎的分界线。故选C。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Basics(基本原则)部分中的“One of the best ways to see the Seine is to walk along it, particularly from Les Invalides to Ile Saint-Louis, where you can go across the river on bridges such as Pont Alexandre III, Pont Royal, and Pont des Arts to see some of the most beautiful and best-known buildings in France. (看塞纳河最好的方式之一就是沿着它走，特别是从Les Invalides到Ile Saint-Louis，你可以通过亚历山大三世桥、皇家桥和艺术桥等桥梁跨过塞纳河，去看看法国最美丽和最著名的建筑。)”可知，作者认为，从Les Invalides到Ile Saint-Louis这路线去看塞纳河最好，故选B。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据Things to Know Before You Go部分中的“You should wear comfortable shoes for walking along the banks and bridges and be prepared for crowds on popular bridges like Pont des Arts.(你应该穿着舒适的鞋子沿着河岸和桥梁走，Pont des Arts这样受欢迎的桥上人很多，你要为此做好准备。)”可知，塞纳河上面的受欢迎的桥梁可能非常拥挤。故选B。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据When to Get There部分中的“For a peaceful walk, head to the river in the early morning hours before most of the crowds and travelers arrive. (想要安静地散步，就要在早上大多数人群和旅行者到达之前去河边。)”可知，作者建议在没有人群拥挤时去游览塞纳河，故选C。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据The Basics(基本原则)部分中的“Besides, a River Seine trip allows you to rest your legs and enjoy the sights;book a brunch, lunch, or dinner trip to combine your sightseeing with a French meal, or choose the Eiffel Tower to enjoy two of Paris’ most popular activities on one tour.(除此之外，塞纳河之旅可以让你放松双腿，欣赏风景，预定一次早午餐、午餐或晚餐旅行，把观光与法式大餐结合起来，或者选择艾菲尔铁塔，在一次旅行中享受巴黎最受欢迎的两项活动。)”可推知，一边欣赏塞纳河，一边享用法国大餐是个不错的主意。故选D。 (22-23高一下.天津重点校联考.期中)7. Rising temperatures driven by the climate crisis are cutting the sleep of people across the world, the largest study to date has found. The researchers used data from sleep-tracking wristbands (手环) used by 47,000 people over 7 months and across 68 countries. The analysis revealed that due to increasing night-time temperatures, the average global citizen is losing 44 hours of sleep a year. However, lost sleep affects some groups much more than others. The sleep loss per degree of warming is about a quarter higher for women than men, twice as high for those over 65 years old and three times higher for those in less affluent nations, where people have less access to cooling features. Previous studies have shown that rising temperatures damage health, including increasing heart attacks, mental health crises, and accidents and injuries. Poor sleep has also been shown to have these effects, and the researchers say their new study suggests that disturbed sleep may be a key mechanism by which heat causes these health impacts. The researchers say their data shows no signs of people being able to adapt to hotter nights. “In this study, we provide the first planetary-scale (世界范围的) evidence that warmer than average temperatures cut human sleep,” said Kelton Minor, who led the research. “It’s very likely the effect is more serious.” Minor added that the research had important implications for policymakers, who need to ensure cities, towns and buildings are well adapted to heat in order to reduce the health impacts. The data used in the study came mainly from richer nations. The wristbands also tended to be worn by people less prone (易于遭受) to sleep disturbance by warmer temperatures. “Lower-income people are underrepresented in the data and we’re well aware of that,” said Minor. He said more research was needed, particularly in places that are already among the hottest in the world. 41. Which is NOT mentioned about the study in paragraph 2? A. How the data was collected. B How many respondents were involved. C. The duration of the study. D. The purpose of the study. 42. What does the underlined word “affluent” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Thickly populated. B. Badly polluted. C. Wealthy. D. Equal. 43. How do increasing temperatures harm people? A. They cause car accidents. B. They reduce people’s sleep time. C. They result in extreme weather events. D. They limit people’s adaptation ability. 44. What can be learned from Kelton Minor’s words in paragraph 5? A. The study adopted a new research method. B. Some cities have taken firmer action to fight the heat. C. Policymakers have doubts about the study. D. Heat’s impacts may be worse than estimated. 45. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about the study? A. Its findings. B. Its limitations. C. Its applications. D. Its significance. 【答案】41. D 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候危机导致的气温上升会缩短世界各地人们的睡眠时间。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The researchers used data from sleep-tracking wristbands (手环) used by 47,000 people over 7 months and across 68 countries. The analysis revealed that due to increasing night-time temperatures, the average global citizen is losing 44 hours of sleep a year. (研究人员使用了睡眠追踪腕带的数据，腕带是由68个国家的4700个人，戴了长达7个月。分析显示，因为夜间气温升高，全球公民平均每年的睡眠时间减少44小时。)”可知，在第二段中，未提到研究的目的，故选D。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章划线词affluent后的内容“where people have less access to cooling features. (在这些地方，人们很少能使用制冷设备。)”可推知，此处指那些地方很少有人使用制冷设备来保证睡眠，因此那些地方是不太富裕的地区，无法支付制冷设备，故此处划线词affluent与C项“wealthy富有的，富裕的”意思相近，故选C。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The analysis revealed that due to increasing night-time temperatures, the average global citizen is losing 44 hours of sleep a year. (分析显示，因为夜间气温升高，全球公民平均每年的睡眠时间减少44小时。)”可知，气温升高，缩短了人们睡眠的时间，故选B。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段““In this study, we provide the first planetary-scale (世界范围的) evidence that warmer than average temperatures cut human sleep,” said Kelton Minor, who led the research. “It’s very likely the effect is more serious.” Minor added that the research had important implications for policymakers, who need to ensure cities, towns and buildings are well adapted to heat in order to reduce the health impacts. ( Kelton Minor说道：“在这项研究中，我们提供了第一个世界范围的证据，表明高于平均水平高的气温会缩短人类的睡眠。这种影响很可能更严重。” Minor补充道，这项研究对于政策制定者有着重要的影响，他们需要确保城市、城镇和建筑物能够很好地适应高温，以减少对健康的影响。)”可知，从Kelton Minor的话中，我们可以知道高温的影响可能比估计中更加严重，故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Lower-income people are underrepresented in the data and we’re well aware of that,” said Minor. He said more research was needed, particularly in places that are already among the hottest in the world. ( Minor说道：“低收入人群在数据中的代表性不足，我们很清楚这一点。”他说，还需要做更多的研究，尤其在世界上已经是最热的地区。)”可知，最后一段主要说明这项研究的局限性，数据的代表性不足，且需要在已经是最热的地区做进一步的研究，故选B. (22-23高一下.天津中学.期中)8. Modern science suggests that a healthy lifestyle matters much to how long you can live and how well you live. Here are some tips for you to form a healthy lifestyle. Keep a scientific diet. Keep in mind that sugar can be removed from our diet completely. Over intake of sugar is one of the main reasons for getting fat. Over intake of protein or fat and low intake of fiber can also lead to getting fat. Only a few grams of protein do we need every day to keep our body in order. Like rain to crops, not the more the better. Be always in a good mood. There is a relationship between the mood and health. A good mood keeps you in high spirits. Thanks to the Internet, we can enjoy and learn much without going out. Take a look at some online shops and pick up some bargains, enjoy music and movies and chat with good friends. Just keep happy.  Enough sleep. Two studies show the reasons why teens and adults don’t have enough sleep. With teens, a major reason is mobile phone use; with adults, it’s work. Meanwhile, a third study of young children shows that lack of sleep in early life may lead to serious problems in future. Everyone needs at least 8-hour sleep to recover from tiredness and the hurt caused by hard work in the daytime. Proper exercise. Do exercise to keep away from fatness. Because of the quick pace of the modern life, you don’t have time to do exercise every day, but at least three times a week and 45 minutes each time. 39. The author wrote this passage to________. A. tell the readers how to take proper exercise every day B. provide some advice on how to form a healthy lifestyle C. ask people to care about their health rather than their work. D. make some surveys among those who have health problems. 40. Which of the following can lead to getting fat according to the passage? A. Low intake of protein. B. Low intake of fat. C. Over intake of fiber. D Over intake of sugar. 41. The main reason why teenagers don’t have enough sleep is that they________. A. use mobile phones too much B. have too much homework C. eat too much sugar every day D. don’t have enough exercise 【答案】39. B 40. D 41. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现代科学证明，健康的生活方式对人们能活多久和活得多好有很大影响。文章给出了有一些建议可以帮助人们形成健康的生活方式。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Here are some tips for you to form a healthy lifestyle. (以下是一些建议，让你养成健康的生活方式。)”结合下文内容给出如何形成健康生活的建议可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是就如何形成健康的生活方式提供一些建议。故选B。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Over intake of sugar is one of the main reasons for getting fat. (糖分摄入过多是发胖的主要原因之一。)”可知，过量的糖分摄入会导致发胖。故选D。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Two studies show the reasons why teens and adults don't have enough sleep. With teens, a major reason is mobile phone use; (两项研究揭示了青少年和成年人睡眠不足的原因。对于青少年来说，一个主要原因是使用手机；)”可知，使用手机太多是青少年睡眠不足的主要原因。故选A。 议论文 (23-24高一下.天津咸水沽一中和东丽百中.期中)1. My family moved into our home nine years ago. We spent a lot of time and energy in the yard to get it looking like the way it does today. In front of the house, the rocks appear to be just thrown up onto the dirt as if someone were in a hurry to finish. We called this area our “rock garden”. Denise and I would also plant some flowers between the rocks, just to bring some color to the area. Last summer I found, in the rock garden, a tiny little plant that I could not immediately identify. I knew I didn’t plant it and Denise said she didn’t either. We decided to let it continue growing until we could figure out what it was. Weeks passed and as I made my way back to the strange plant, it appeared to be a sunflower. It looked thin and tall with only one head on it. I decided to baby it along and weed(除杂草)around it. As I pulled rocks from the area to get to the weeds, I noticed something unusual. The sunflower had not started where I saw it begin. It actually had begun under a big rock and grown under and around it to reach the sun. That’s when I realized that if a tiny little sunflower didn’t allow a big rock to stand in its way of developing, we too have the ability to do the same thing. Once we believe in ourselves like that little sunflower, we can attain the same nourishment(养分)for growth as well. Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud of who and what we are, then the environment will begin to support us. We will find a way to go under or around any “rocks” in order to achieve our goals. 56. What can we know from the first paragraph? A. The author finished building his house hurriedly. B. The family has lived in this house for 9 years. C. The author’s house is made of rocks. D. The family don’t like gardening. 57. The author let the tiny plant continue growing to ______. A. see how long it could live B. see how big it could grow C. find out what it actually was D. know if his wife had planted it 58. The author found it unusual that ______. A. the strange plant turned out to be the sunflower B. the sunflower grew under and around a big rock C. the sunflower had only one head on it D. the sunflower was very thin and tall 59. Which of the following can best describe the sunflower? A. Confident. B. Devoted. C. Delicate. D. Modest. 60. We can conclude from the passage that ______. A. rocks cannot prevent us from success B. the sunflowers are able to grow everywhere C. we should take good care of the rock gardens D. we can get over difficulties if we trust ourselves 【答案】56. B 57. C 58. B 59. A 60. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者发现家里的一株向日葵生在石头下，却绕过石头生长出来。由此感悟到，只要相信自己的能力，我们就能成功。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句话“My family moved into our home nine years ago.(我的家人九年前搬进了我们家)”可知，作者一家在这所房子已经生活了9年。故选B项。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句话“We decided to let it continue growing until we could figure out what it was.(我们决定让它继续生长，直到我们弄清楚它是什么)”可知，作者他们让它继续生长，是想弄清楚它是什么。故选C项。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“As I pulled rocks from the area to get to the weeds, I noticed something unusual. The sunflower had not started where I saw it begin. It actually had begun under a big rock and grown under and around it to reach the sun.(当我从这片区域取出石头去除草时，我注意到一些不寻常的事情。向日葵并不是从我看到的地方开始生长的。实际上，它是从一块大石头下面开始生长的，然后在石头下面和周围生长，以便见到阳光)”可知，作者发现不寻常的是这棵向日葵生长在一块大石头的下面和周围。故选B项。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“Once we believe in ourselves like that little sunflower, we can attain the same nourishment for growth as well.(一旦我们像那棵小向日葵一样相信自己，我们也能获得同样的滋养来成长)”可以推论出，那棵向日葵是很自信的。故选A项。 【60题详解】 主旨大意题。根据作者讲述的向日葵的故事，特别是文章第四段的最后一句“Once we believe in ourselves like that little sunflower, we can attain the same nourishment for growth as well.(一旦我们像那棵小向日葵一样相信自己，我们也能获得同样的滋养来成长)”和最后一段“Stand tall like the sunflower and be proud of who and what we are, then the environment will begin to support us. We will find a way to go under or around any “rocks” in order to achieve our goals.(像向日葵一样昂首挺立，为自己感到自豪，那么环境就会开始支持我们。为了实现我们的目标，我们会找到一种方法，从任何‘岩石’下面或周围钻过去)”我们可以得出结论：如果我们相信自己，就能克服困难。故选D项。 (23-24高一下.天津咸水沽一中和东丽百中.期中)2. So many of us hold on to little resentments that may have stemmed from an argument, a misunderstanding, or some other painful event. Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us―believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle(重新点燃) a friendship or family relationship. An acquaintance of mine whose health isn’t very good, recently told me that she hasn’t spoken to her son in almost three years. "Why not" I asked. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn’t speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she resisted initially and said, "I can’t do that. He’s the one who should apologize." She was literally(简直) willing to die before reaching out to her only son. After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and sincerely said sorry to her. As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins. Whenever we hold on to our anger we turn "small thing" into "big thing" in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is to let go, and reach out. Let other people be right. This doesn’t mean that you’re wrong. Everything will be fine. You’ll experience the peace of letting go as well as the joy of letting others be right. You’ll also notice that as you reach out and let others be "right" they will become less defensive and more loving toward you. They might even reach back. But if for some reason they don’t that’s okay too. You will have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world and certainly you’ll be more peaceful yourself. 66. What happened to the author’s acquaintance after she called her son? A. she was literally willing to die. B. She received her son’s apology. C. She was encouraged by the author. D. She realized her mistakes. 67. What does the author want to explain by taking her acquaintance as an example? A. That a gentle encouragement will be helpful to solve the problem. B. That it is beneficial for both sides to reach out first. C That painful events should be forgotten. D. That parents and children are easier to make peace. 68. We can infer from the third paragraph that _______ A. happiness matters more than preventing the embarrassment at reaching out first B. to be peaceful is more important than to be right in any disagreement C. to avoid arguments and misunderstandings means seeking for happiness D. hold on to the right position leads to resentments 69. According to the passage, you can be more peaceful by ________. A. trying your best to complete your own work perfectly B. helping others create their inner content C. being active and forgetting unpleasantness D. understanding the importance of being less defensive 70. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? A. When you take the chance first to say sorry, you will win. B. You won’t feel angry if you don’t turn “small thing” into” big thing”. C. Letting others be right will definitely make them reach back. D. It’s good to be the first one to reach out to break little resentments. 【答案】66. B 67. B 68. A 69. C 70. D 【解析】 【分析】本文讨论了在我们有争吵、误解时不妨放手，让别人都是“对”的。你将会体验到放手的平和，以及让别人变得正确的快乐。 【66题详解】 B细节理解题。根据文章第二段To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and sincerely said sorry to her.可知，令她惊讶的是，她的儿子很感激她愿意打电话，并真诚地向她道歉。故选B。 【67题详解】 B细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins.可知，通常情况下，当有人抓住机会并伸出手来的时候，每个人都会赢。故选B。 【68题详解】 A推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知，幸福远比阻止初次接触的尴尬更重要。故选A。 【69题详解】 C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is to let go, and reach out. Let other people be right.（如果你想成为一个更平和的人，你必须明白，正确的选择是放手，去接触。让其他人正确。），故选C。 【70题详解】 D主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了想要解决争吵、误解不妨主动伸出手去化解。故选D。 点睛：推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推理，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。比如第四个小题，从文章最后一段If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is to let go, and reach out. Let other people be right.可知，如果你想成为一个更和平的人，你必须明白，正确的是放手，去接触。让其他人正确。 说明文 (23-24高一下.天津河北区.期中)1. The Yellow River is the cradle (摇篮) of China’s civilization. And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies, including big data, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things. Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center. Based on the information, a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (管理) is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, and a signal transmitter (尤指电台或电视信号的发射机). They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stone sends an alarm to the command center for quick response,” Wang said. “In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves, putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiaoxiong from the bureau. “Now the smart stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.” And in the sky, drones are flying. On the routes designed by engineers, the drones become expert patrollers (巡逻员) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, thanks to the drones, researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information. “Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported. The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans (泄洪计划) in case we need to batten down the hatches,” said Shen. Under the water and up in the sky, intelligent systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts. According to the Ministry of Water Resources, in the future, we can expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this important river. 41. What is the main purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River? A. To study the wildlife in the Yellow River. B. To raise public awareness of river protection. C. To improve flood control and prevention efforts. D. To provide a virtual reality experience of the river. 42. How do the “smart stones” contribute to the river’s digital governance? A. They record water quality. B. They enhance the river’s beauty. C. They monitor and report dike movements. D. They serve as markets for important locations. 43. What is one of the functions of drones in the digital governance of the Yellow River? A. Providing entertainment for the people living along the river. B. Collecting data to update a 3D model for flood management. C. Transporting researchers to remote locations along the river D. Patrolling and getting first-hand wildlife photos. 44. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. To update the 3D model for accuracy. B. To prepare for a potential flood event. C. To strengthen the riverbanks and dikes. D. To increase drone monitoring over the river. 45. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. The cultural and historical importance of the Yellow River. B. The future plans for improving the Yellow River’s construction. C. The use of smart stones and drones for flood control and monitoring. D. The development of a digital system for the Yellow River’s management. 【答案】41. C 42. C 43. B 44. B 45. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河数字孪生体的创建目的、运行方式和发展。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段后两句“And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. (洪水的控制和预防一直是生活在这条河上的人们幸福生活的关键。现在，科学家们可以通过给河流一个数字孪生体来更好地解决这些问题。)”可知，创建黄河数字孪生体的主要目的是加强防洪工作。故选C项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones. (它们被埋在重要的堤坝上，以记录和报告堤坝石块的运动。)”可知，智能石头通过监测和报告堤防的运动来为河流的数字化治理做出贡献。故选C项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“On the routes designed by engineers, the drones become expert patrollers (巡逻员) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, thanks to the drones, researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information. “Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported. The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans (泄洪计划) in case we need to batten down the hatches,” said Shen. (在工程师设计的路线上，无人机成为河流的专业巡逻者，看着它的堤防和防洪工程。据黄河水利委员会的沈林介绍，多亏了无人机，指挥中心的研究人员可以获得第一手的照片和信息。“研究人员根据无人机报告的变化更新3D模型。新更新的模型可以帮助我们测试我们的洪水释放计划，以防我们需要封闭舱口。”沈说。)”可知，无人机在黄河数字化治理中的作用之一是收集数据更新洪水管理的3D模型。故选B项。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段后三句“According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, thanks to the drones, researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information. “Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported. The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches,” said Shen. (据黄河水利委员会的沈林介绍，多亏了无人机，指挥中心的研究人员可以获得第一手的照片和信息。“然后，研究人员根据无人机报告的变化更新3D模型。新更新的模型可以帮助我们测试我们的洪水释放计划，以防我们需要batten down the hatches,”沈说。)”可知，使用无人机可以获得黄河水利情况的第一手资料，研究人员可以根据无人机发回的资料实时更新3D模型，这样做可以提早预防洪涝等紧急情况，以便做出快速回应。故推知batten down the hatches应表示“做好准备，未雨绸缪”等含义，与B项“To prepare for a potential flood event. (为可能发生的洪水做准备。)”同义。故选B项。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Yellow River is the cradle (摇篮) of China’s civilization. And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. (黄河是中国文明的摇篮。洪水的控制和预防一直是生活在这条河上的人们幸福生活的关键。现在，科学家们可以通过给河流一个数字双胞胎来更好地解决这些问题。)”和第二段“The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies, including big data, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things. Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center. Based on the information, a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. (黄河的数字孪生体使用了各种技术，包括大数据、人工智能和物联网。沿河设置的设备收集信息并将信息传送到指挥中心。根据这些信息，在计算机屏幕上显示了河流的三维模型。就像黄河有了一个双胞胎，反映了它的真实情况。)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了黄河数字化管理系统的开发。故选D项。 (23-24高一下.天津建华中学.期中)2. Sometimes a book comes along that isn’t just “interesting” or “well done”— it’s a book where it seems like the author looked into your brain and wrote a book specifically for you. A book like that for me was released this week. It’s called 100 Things We’ve Lost to the Internet, written by editor Pamela Paul. Paul lists 100 things we used to do that the Internet has either changed or taken over completely: writing letters, print newspapers, the joys of being bored, and not having all the knowledge in the world in your pocket. As I’m a longtime accumulator of random knowledge, certain entries on the list—Being the Only One, Figuring Out Who That Actor is—hit me where live; remembering detailed facts is no longer nearly as impressive when everyone has the capability to find the answer in seconds. On and on the list goes, with every minor shift adding to the pile. What this book does so well is illustrate the growth of that pile; while any individual item might be no big deal, the collected set is significant. It’s a list of ways in which the world now is different from the world then. Obviously, Paul isn’t saying that everything back then was better. Time marches on, after all. and it’s tough to argue against the many benefits that the Internet has brought into our lives. But that isn’t really the point. It’s not about whether it used to be better. It’s that it used to be different. 100 Things We’ve Lost to the Internet is a fun read for those of us who share some of Paul’s memories and experiences. We remember what it was like and we like to remember. The landscape has shifted, and no doubt it will shift again as technology’s advancement continues apace. This book serves as a reminder of the simple truth that when gains are made, sometimes something is lost. 44. What is the purpose of the text? A. To review and recommend a good read. B. To comment on the effect of the Internet. C. To argue for the viewpoint of a new book. D. To urge the readers to value what they have. 45. Which might be entries on Paul’s list? A. Maps and Eye Contact. B. E-pay and Compact Disks. C. Postcards and Homeschooling D. Bad Photos and Washing Machines. 46. What does the underlined phrase “hit me where l live” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Prove what I’m good at. B. Introduce how I grew up. C. Describe the place I live in. D. Speak out what is on my mind. 47 What conclusion has the author drawn after reading Paul’s book? A. Things in the past are better. B. There’re no gains without pains. C. The internet is a double-edged sword. D. Technology is constantly changing the world. 【答案】44. A 45. A 46. D 47. D 【解析】 【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍一本名叫 100 Things We’ve Lost to the Internet 的书。 【44题详解】 推断判断题。根据题目找主旨定位到文章第一段中“A book like that for me was released this week. It’s called 100 Things We’ve Lost to the Internet, written by editor Pamela Paul(这周出版了一本类似的书。这是编辑帕梅拉·保罗所著的《我们被网络遗忘的100件事》)”可知本书由Pamela Paul 所写，名叫 100 Things We’ve Lost to the Internet 的书，后续的文段都在介绍此书，可知文章的目的是回顾并推荐一本好书。故选A。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Paul lists 100 things we used to do that the Internet has either changed or taken over completely: writing letters, print newspapers, the joys of being bored, and hot having all the knowledge in the world in your pocket.(保罗列出了100件我们曾经做过的事情，这些事情不是被互联网改变了就是被互联网完全接管了：写信、印刷报纸、享受无聊的乐趣，以及把世界上所有的知识都装进你的口袋)”可知，地图和眼神交流被互联网改变了，会出现在他的清单上。故选A。 【46题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“remembering detailed facts is no longer nearly as impressive when everyone has the capability to find the answer in seconds.(当每个人都能在几秒钟内找到答案时，记住详细的事实就不再那么令人印象深刻了)”可知作为一个长时间收集各种随机知识的人，清单上的一些内容打动了我，说出了我心中所想。故选D。 【47题详解】 推断判断题。根 据 最 后 一 段 “The landscape has shifted, and no doubt it will shift again as technology's advancement continues apace.(情况已经发生了变化，毫无疑问，随着技术的快速发展，这种变化还会再次发生。）可知，作者得出的结论是科技不断地改变着世界。故选D。 (23-24高一下.天津建华中学.期中)3.My 16-year-old niece Jenny started using Facebook about half a year ago. At first she loved using it very much because she could make so many new friends on it. However, as time went by, she used it less and less. You may wonder why. Well, it’s because every time she used it, she became sad. It seemed to her that everyone using Facebook was living a perfect life except her. I don’t think Jenny is alone. In this day of social media, the whole “comparing thing” has gotten out of control. We are influenced daily by all kinds of things on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram where we see only the happy parts of life. You see friends’ baby pictures, beautiful houses and “perfect” lives and you feel like we need to be farther along than where you are. You see pictures of your coworker’s “best vacation ever” and then you compare your life to theirs. But what you see is just a special second of their lives. Social media only gives us a look at them for a very short time. It can be lying and we never truly know the whole story. We are so good at showing others on social media that everything is “fine”, and we can never correctly judge what they post on social media. Remember that someone who looks very well does not mean that they are not dealing with something bigger under the surface. You can never compare your inside with someone else’s outside. So next time you find someone showing off something on social media, cease feeling sad about yourself. 52. By saying “I don’t think Jenny is alone”, the writer means that ________ . A. Jenny has many friends on the Facebook B. not just Jenny doesn’t live a perfect life C. many people feel the same about using Facebook D. more and more people are using Facebook recently 53. What is implied about people who use social media in paragraph 2? A. They are usually very happy about their lives. B. They often travel in order to take good pictures. C. They like posting things that they haven’t really done. D. They like posting pictures to show their “perfect” life. 54. What does the underlined word “cease” in the last paragraph mean? A. stop B. begin C. change D. keep 55. The passage is most probably written to tell us to stop _______. A. feeling sad about ourselves B. showing off on social media C. comparing ourselves with others D. using Facebook as soon as possible 【答案】52. C 53. D 54. A 55. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，人们发布在社交媒体上的东西不一定代表着发布者的真实生活，所以我们不应该拿我们的生活跟他们发布的生活进行比较而自寻烦恼。 【52题详解】 词句猜测题。由第一段中“Well, it’s because every time she used it, she became sad. It seemed to her that everyone using Facebook was living a perfect life except her. I don’t think Jenny is alone. (这是因为她每次使用它都会变得悲伤。在她看来，除了她，每个使用Facebook的人都过着完美的生活。我不认为珍妮是一个人)”和第二段中“In this day of social media, the whole “comparing thing” has gotten out of control. We are influenced daily by all kinds of things on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram where we see only the happy parts of life. (在这个社交媒体时代，整个“比较的事情”已经失控了。我们每天都会受到脸书、推特和Instagram上各种各样的事情的影响，在那里我们只能看到生活中快乐的部分)”可知，在这个社交媒体时代，我们只能看到别人生活中快乐的部分，除了自己，每个使用Facebook的人都过着完美的生活，可得出很多人都有Jenny这样的感受，作者说“I don’t think Jenny is alone”的意思是“许多人对使用Facebook也有同感”。故选C项。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。由第二段中“We are influenced daily by all kinds of things on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram where we see only the happy parts of life. You see friends’ baby pictures, beautiful houses and “perfect” lives and you feel like we need to be farther along than where you are. You see pictures of your coworker’s “best vacation ever” and then you compare your life to theirs. (我们每天都会受到脸书、推特和Instagram上各种各样的事情的影响，在那里我们只能看到生活中快乐的部分。你看到朋友的婴儿照片、美丽的房子和“完美”的生活，你会觉得我们需要比你所在的地方走得更远。你看到同事“有史以来最好的假期”的照片，然后你将自己的生活与他们的生活进行比较)”可知，在这个社交媒体时代，我们只能看到生活中快乐的部分，人们喜欢张贴照片来展示他们“完美”的生活。故选D项。 【54题详解】 词句猜测题。由最后一段“You can never compare your inside with someone else’s outside. So next time you find someone showing off something on social media, cease feeling sad about yourself. (你永远无法将自己的内在与他人的外在进行比较。所以，下次你发现有人在社交媒体上炫耀时，cease为自己感到难过)”可知，自己的内在与他人的外在无法进行比较，所以看到别人炫耀，不必感到难过，即作者建议我们“停止”为自己感到难过，cease意为“停止（stop）”。故选A项。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段中“Social media only gives us a look at them for a very short time. It can be lying and we never truly know the whole story. (社交媒体只让我们在很短的时间内看到它们。这可能是在撒谎，我们永远不会真正了解整个故事)”，倒数第二段中“Remember that someone who looks very well does not mean that they are not dealing with something bigger under the surface. (记住，一个看起来很好的人并不意味着他们没有处理表面下更大的事情)”和最后一段“You can never compare your inside with someone else’s outside. So next time you find someone showing off something on social media, cease feeling sad about yourself. (你永远无法将自己的内在与他人的外在进行比较。所以，下次你发现有人在社交媒体上炫耀时，不要再为自己感到难过了)”可知，作者主要想表明人们发布在社交媒体上的完美生活并不一定完美，我们不需要跟他们进行比较。故选C项。 (23-24高一下.天津实验中学.期中)4. Eating out is such a pleasure-the food, the wine, the joy of having it all brought to you by someone else — that it’s a pity to ruin the experience by sharing it with other people. Well, I do like visiting restaurants with friends. But dining out alone has its own very special attractions. For a start you can give all your attention to the food. There’s nothing worse than having to invent and deliver an opinion on school league tables or Sanchez’s move to Manchester United, plus listen to everyone else’s opinions, when all you really want to do is enjoy each mouthful along the way. A second great thing about eating out alone is the chance to combine food with one of life’s other true pleasures: reading. You have to plan this carefully: Indian or Chinese restaurants are best—you need food you can eat with just one hand, leaving the other free to hold your reading material. But perhaps the biggest attraction of a table for one is the chance it gives to people- watching. Restaurants and the different reasons for visiting them-first date, business meeting, night out with friends-produce human behaviour of surprising richness and variety. Will the man selling his business idea get any joy out of his possible investor (投资者)? Will the married couple think of anything to say to each other before their main courses arrive? This “human zoo” part of eating out alone is one of the reasons I’d hate to be famous: everyone would be watching you, so you wouldn’t be able to watch them. The snooker player Steve Davis says this was one of the strangest consequences of becoming well-known: he got very worried about his eating in public, almost to the level of doubting whether he was “doing it right.” So next time you’re considering your eating out choices, remember the advice of the businessman Nubar Gulbenkian: “The best number for a dinner party is two — myself and a super head waiter.” 41. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The reasons for eating out alone. B. The trouble with eating in public. C. The suggestions about dining out. D. The fear of making dining choices. 42. What is the best part of dining out alone? A. One can fix one’s eyes on the food. B. One can enjoy reading while eating. C. One is likely to come across famous people. D. One is given the chance to watch other diners. 43. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 5? A. Steve Davis cared too much about table manners. B. Famous people are always the center of attention. C. Being famous may ruin the joy of eating out alone. D. Being watched seems far better than watching others. 44. The underlined word “consequences” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”. A. reasons B. results C. causes D. advantages 45. What is suggested at the end of the text? A. Dining with friends. B. Chatting over dinner. C. Having a table for one. D. Sharing a table with a waiter. 【答案】41. A 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了独自外出就餐诸多原因和好处，作者建议独自外出就餐。 【41题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“But dining out alone has its own very special attractions. (但独自外出就餐也有其独特的吸引力)”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲述了独自外出就餐的诸多原因。故选A项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“But perhaps the biggest attraction of a table for one is the chance it gives to people- watching. (但也许桌子对一个人最大的吸引力是它给人们观看的机会)”可知，一个人吃饭最棒的部分是有机会观察其他食客。故选D项。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“This “human zoo” part of eating out alone is one of the reasons I’d hate to be famous: everyone would be watching you, so you wouldn’t be able to watch them. The snooker player Steve Davis says this was one of the strangest consequences of becoming well-known: he got very worried about his eating in public, almost to the level of doubting whether he was “doing it right.” (独自外出就餐的“人类动物园”部分是我讨厌出名的原因之一：每个人都会看着你，所以你无法看到他们。斯诺克选手史蒂夫·戴维斯（Steve Davis）说，这是成名后最奇怪的后果之一：他非常担心自己在公共场合的饮食，几乎到了怀疑自己是否“做对了”的程度。)”可知，作者在本段中想告诉读者：出名可能会破坏独自外出吃饭的乐趣，故选C项。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在的句子“The snooker player Steve Davis says this was one of the strangest consequences of becoming well-known: he got very worried about his eating in public, almost to the level of doubting whether he was “doing it right.” (斯诺克选手史蒂夫·戴维斯（Steve Davis）说，这是成名后最奇怪的……之一：他非常担心自己在公共场合的饮食，几乎到了怀疑自己是否“做对了”的程度)”可知，划线单词consequences的意思是“结果，后果”。故选B项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“So next time you’re considering your eating out choices, remember the advice of the businessman Nubar Gulbenkian: “The best number for a dinner party is two — myself and a super head waiter.” (因此，下次你考虑外出就餐时，请记住商人努巴尔·古尔本基安（Nubar Gulbenkian）的建议：“晚宴的最佳人数是两个人——我和一位超级首席服务员。”)”可推知，文章结尾的建议是“要一张一个人的餐桌”。故选C项。 (22-23高一下.天津部分区.期中)5. Have you ever wanted to see your dreams after you woke up? Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may help you do this in the near future! Researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system to recreate images in people’s heads. The pictures AI has created include a teddy bear, an airplane and a clock tower. The technology is 80 percent accurate, reported Science magazine. Previously there have been AI models that can turn a word or phrase into images. The AI has studied lots of images and their text descriptions. Over time, the AI can find patterns and recreate pictures if you first input text. This time, the researchers took a step further. They trained the AI to link people’s brain scan data with images. They asked four people to look at 10, 000 different images, and let the AI find patterns of blood flow in the brain. Then the patterns can be related to the images. If people looked at an airplane, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very cloudy airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text - to - image” model. By feeding the keyword “airplane”, the AI would improve the image and make it more real. “It’s a new method that combines textual and visual information to ‘decipher the brain’”, Ariel Goldstein from Princeton University told Science magazine. Researchers said the technology could someday help people with paralysis to communicate. It might also help scientists understand dreams or even how other animals see the world. 46. What do we know about the AI system mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. It can help train people’s minds. B. It can fully present people’s dreams. C. It was created for drawing people’s heads. D. It can recreate pictures in people’s heads. 47. How did the previous AI models turn phrases into images? A. By understanding the meaning of the words. B. By finding patterns in images and their text descriptions. C. By drawing pictures according to users’ orders. D. By finding different photos from the internet. 48. What is the working process of the new AI system? A. relate with image→scan blood flow→improve the text→turn into the image B. relate with image→turn into text→scan blood flow→improve the image C. scan blood flow→relate with image→turn into text→improve the image D. scan blood flow→turn into text→relate with image→improve the image 49. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. How to know the way animals see the world. B. How people with paralysis talk with others. C. What the new AI technology could be used for. D. How AI technology affects people’s dreams, 50. Which part of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science. 【答案】46. D 47. B 48. C 49. C 50. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新型的可以重现人们头脑中的图像的人工智能系统。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system to recreate images in people’s heads. ”（日本大阪大学的研究人员训练了一个人工智能系统来重现人们头脑中的图像）可知，这种人工智能系统可以重现人们头脑中的图像，故选D项。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据文第三段后两句“The AI has studied lots of images and their text descriptions. Over time, the AI can find patterns and recreate pictures if you first input text. ”（人工智能已经研究了许多图像及其文本描述。随着时间的推移，如果你第一次输入文本，人工智能可以找到图案并重新创建图片）可知，以前的系统是通过在图像及其文本描述中找到图案，故选B项。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“They asked four people to look at 10, 000 different images, and let the AI find patterns of blood flow in the brain. Then the patterns can be related to the images.”（他们让四个人看一万张不同的图像，让人工智能找到大脑中的血流模式。然后可以将图案与图像相关联）”和第四段的“If people looked at an airplane, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very cloudy airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text - to - image” model. By feeding the keyword “airplane”, the AI would improve the image and make it more real. ”（如果人们看着一架飞机，人工智能会使用大脑扫描数据来创建一张模糊的图像。然后，它将打开以前的“文本到图像”模型。通过输入关键词“飞机”，人工智能将改善图像，使其更加真实）可知，正确的过程是：扫描血流—与图像关联——输入文字—改善图像，故选C项。 【49题详解】 主旨大意题。由文最后一段“Researchers said the technology could someday help people with paralysis to communicate. It might also help scientists understand dreams or even how other animals see the world.”（研究人员表示，这项技术有朝一日可以帮助瘫痪患者进行交流。它还可能帮助科学家理解梦境，甚至帮助其他动物如何看待世界）可知，本段主要介绍新的人工智能技术的用途，故选C项。 【50题详解】 判断推理题。纵观全文内容可知，本文主要介绍一项新的人工智能技术，属于科技类。由此推知，本文很有可能出现再报纸的“科学版面”。故选D项。 (22-23高一下.天津第一百中学.期中)6. Abby Bell loves her job at Haley House, a soup kitchen in Boston’s South End. On a recent weekday morning she was busy greeting guests, helping volunteers, preparing pots of fresh coffee, and answering endless questions. “Butter? We have tons.” “Cups? I’ll grab some for you.” “Without this place there would be no me. These people are angels,” says Linda, a regular guest at Haley House’s free morning breakfast. That feeling is created by Haley House, a program that for five decades has approached social issues facing Boston’s South End community through its soup kitchen, cheap housing, urban gardens, and education programs. The organization welcomes homeless people or those living in low-income housing as a valuable part of the larger community. “It’s really important to know people as people,” says Ms.Federici, who also works for the organization while serving in the kitchen. Instead of relying on volunteers or drive-by helpers to work in its soup kitchen, Haley House seeks out people of all ages and backgrounds who are interested in staying there for two years to help solve the social problems in South End. In exchange, they receive room and board, running its kitchen and caring for its guests. The biggest offering that Haley House has to Boston is, it’s an example of how all these pieces are linked — food, training, jobs, housing. “We couldn’t solve that whole problem of housing homeless people. We couldn’t give jobs to everybody. But what we did was we created models,” says Ms. McKenna, who is now retired from Haley House. “There is that strong connection to the community that Haley House workers are able to develop over their time here” says Sean, who delivers food to Haley House. “They are really passionate about food, but more importantly, about people.” 41. Which of the following best describes Abby Bell? A. Warm-hearted. B. Sharp-minded. C. Generous. D. Intelligent. 42. What is Haley House intended for? A. Popularizing local soup culture. B. Educating South End neighbors. C. Helping build a better community. D. Stressing the importance of people. 43. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A. It’s important to know people. B. It’s important to respect people equally. C. It’s important to know people you are familiar with. D. It’s important to know more people. 44. What do we know about Haley House workers? A. They are talented cooks. B. They do the job for free. C. They live in Haley House. D. They come from Boston. 45. What is the best title for the text? A. From Haley to Boston: A Popular Model B. Haley House: A Developing Organization C. Abby Bell: A Worker at Haley House D. Haley House: Full of Hope 【答案】41. A 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了Haley House通过施粥场、廉价住房、城市花园和教育项目来解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Abby Bell loves her job at Haley House, a soup kitchen in Boston’s South End. On a recent weekday morning she was busy greeting guests, helping volunteers, preparing pots of fresh coffee, and answering endless questions.(Abby Bell热爱她在Haley House的工作，这是波士顿南区的一个施粥场。在最近一个工作日的早晨，她忙着迎接客人，帮助志愿者，准备新鲜的咖啡壶，并回答无休止的问题。)”可推知，Abby Bell是热心肠的人，故选A。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“That feeling is created by Haley House, a program that for five decades has approached social issues facing Boston’s South End community through its soup kitchen, cheap housing, urban gardens, and education programs.(这种感觉是由Haley House创造的，该项目五十年来一直通过施粥场、廉价住房、城市花园和教育项目来解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题。)”可知，Haley House是为了解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题，由此可推知，Haley House的目的是帮助建立一个更好的社区。故选C。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The organization welcomes homeless people or those living in low-income housing as a valuable part of the larger community.(本组织欢迎无家可归者或生活在低收入住房中的人作为更大社区的宝贵组成部分。)”和划线线句子“It’s really important to know people as people(把人当人来认识真的很重要。)”可知，Haley House这个组织欢迎无家可归者和生活在低收入住房中的人作为更大社区的宝贵组成部分，这说明该组织一视同仁，平等对待和尊重任何人，由此可推知，划线句子意为“平等地尊重别人是很重要的”，故选B。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Abby Bell loves her job at Haley House, a soup kitchen in Boston’s South End.(Abby Bell热爱她在Haley House的工作，这是波士顿南区的一个施粥场。)”和第四段中“Instead of relying on volunteers or drive-by helpers to work in its soup kitchen, Haley House seeks out people of all ages and backgrounds who are interested in staying there for two years to help solve the social problems in South End.(Haley House没有依靠志愿者或路过的帮手在施粥场工作，而是寻找各种年龄和背景的人，他们有兴趣在那里待上两年，帮助解决South End的社会问题。)”可知，Haley House的工人来自波士顿，故选D。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“That feeling is created by Haley House, a program that for five decades has approached social issues facing Boston’s South End community through its soup kitchen, cheap housing, urban gardens, and education programs. The organization welcomes homeless people or those living in low-income housing as a valuable part of the larger community.(这种感觉是由Haley House创造的，该项目五十年来一直通过施粥场、廉价住房、城市花园和教育项目来解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题。本组织欢迎无家可归者或生活在低收入住房中的人作为更大社区的宝贵组成部分。)”可知，文章主要介绍了Haley House通过施粥场、廉价住房、城市花园和教育项目来解决波士顿南端社区面临的社会问题，该组织给人们和社区发展带来了希望，D项“Haley House：充满希望”适合做文章标题，故选D。 (22-23高一下.天津第一百中学.期中)7. Recently, a Chinese app known as Zao has been going viral (疯传) on the Internet, getting thousands of downloads (下载), mainly because it lets its users put their face over the top of actors in scenes from movies or TV shows. It went to number one on the Chinese iOS App Store list and has been the most-downloaded free app in just a few days after it came out. A Twitter user who is mad about Zao has achieved a little fame by sharing the Zao videos of himself in famous TV and movie scenes online. His videos show that he really looks like the main actor in the movies “The Hulk”,“Titanic”, and in the TV drama “Game of Thrones”, which takes just eight seconds. However, the Zao app is only available for people with a Chinese phone number, which means it cannot be downloaded from app stores in the USA or Europe. The app is based on a new computer technology called deepfake which has spread on the Internet. The word “deepfake” is a combination of “deep learning”, which is an important part of artificial intelligence (AI人工智能) and “fake”, which means not real. The new computer technology is causing people to be worried about more fake news and other things that can mislead them. Deepfake software allows people to replace part of a picture or video with another picture or video. The result is a fake video. The software means you can put your face over the face of a talking president or movie star. This process will make your face speak in the voice of that president or movie star. Many American people are worried that the technology will be used in some important national activities. Other people worry that they might lose their facial recognition data. It is possible that hackers (黑客) could steal this data from app companies and use it to hack into users’ phones and steal their money. 46. What can users do with the help of Zao? A. They can perform in real TV shows. B They can download movies for free. C. They can put their faces into popular videos. D. They can make themselves look more beautiful. 47. It can be inferred from the passage that_____. A. an online app based on Zao is designed B. Zao achieved success after it came out C. the new app is only available for Twitter users D. it will take a long time to replace actors’ faces with yours 48. What is the weakness of Zao? A. Its high price. B. Its difficult operation. C. Its outdated system. D. Its limitation of users. 49. What do Paragraphs 4 and 5 talk about? A. Why people worry about the new computer technology. B. How to use the new computer technology the right way. C. Why so many people like using deepfake software. D. How to stop hackers from using deepfake software. 50. What can we learn from the passage? A. It’s safe to use Zao and other deepfake software. B. The new deepfake app will soon lose most of its users. C. Many users prefer Zao to deepfake because of its price. D. Different people have different opinions about Zao. 【答案】46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。最近，一款名为“Zao”的中国应用在互联网上走红，它可以让用户在电影或电视剧场景中把演员的脸换成自己的。文章介绍了该应用程序以及不同的人对该应用程序的不同看法。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Recently, a Chinese app known as Zao has been going viral (疯传) on the Internet, getting thousands of downloads (下载), mainly because it lets its users put their face over the top of actors in scenes from movies or TV shows. (最近，一款名为“Zao”的中国应用在互联网上走红，下载量达到数千次，主要是因为它可以让用户在电影或电视剧场景中把演员的脸换成自己的。)”可知，Zao的用户可以把他们的脸放进流行的视频里。故选C。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“It went to number one on the Chinese iOS App Store list and has been the most-downloaded free app in just a few days after it came out.(它在中国 iOS 应用商店排行榜上名列第一，并且在发布后的几天内成为下载量最大的免费应用。)”可推知，Zao发布几天内广受下载，在中国 iOS 应用商店排行榜上名列第一，可得出Zao在开发出来后就取得了成功，故选B。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, the Zao app is only available for people with a Chinese phone number, which means it cannot be downloaded from app stores in the USA or Europe.(然而，Zao应用程序只适用于拥有中国电话号码的用户，这意味着它不能从美国或欧洲的应用程序商店下载。)”可知，Zao只适用于拥有中国电话号码的用户，由此可知，Zao的缺点是限制不同的用户。故选D。 【49题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The new computer technology is causing people to be worried about more fake news and other things that can mislead them...This process will make your face speak in the voice of that president or movie star. Many American people are worried that the technology will be used in some important national activities.(新的计算机技术使人们担心更多的假新闻和其他可能误导他们的事情。……这个过程会让你的脸用总统或电影明星的声音说话。许多美国人担心这项技术将被用于一些重要的国家活动。)”和第五段“Other people worry that they might lose their facial recognition data.(其他人担心他们可能会丢失他们的面部识别数据)”可知，第四段和第五段解释了人们担心新的计算机技术的原因。故选A。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The new computer technology is causing people to be worried about more fake news and other things that can mislead them. (新的计算机技术使人们担心更多的假新闻和其他可能误导他们的事情。)”，“Many American people are worried that the technology will be used in some important national activities.(许多美国人担心这项技术将被用于一些重要的国家活动。)”和最后一段中“Other people worry that they might lose their facial recognition data.(其他人担心他们可能会丢失他们的面部识别数据)”可推知，对于使用新技术的应用程序Zao，不同的人有不同的看法，故选D。 (22-23高一下.天津第一百中学.期中)8. Teens are now less likely to do part-time jobs, drink alcohol or go out without their parents than teens 10 or 20 years ago. This generation of teens is delaying (推迟) the responsibilities and pleasures of adulthood. Some people think that today’s teens are more responsible. Others have suggested that today’s teens aren’t working because they are simply lazy. To figure out what’s really going on, we should look at these trends (趋势) with “life history theory” taken into consideration. A “fast life method” was the most common parenting approach in the mid-20th century, when fewer high technology devices were available and the average woman had four children. The parents needed to focus on day-to-day survival. As a result, kids needed to take care of themselves sooner. A “slow life method” on the other hand is more common in times and places where families have fewer children and spend more time on each child’s growth and development. When an average family has two children, preparing for college can begin as early as primary schools. There is a clear difference between the two methods. The two methods are adaptations to a particular cultural background, so each isn’t naturally “good”or “bad”. Delaying exposure (接触) to alcohol, then, could make young adults less prepared to deal with drinking in college. One study found teens who rapidly increased their binge-drinking (酗酒) were more at risk of alcohol dependence than those who learned to drink over a longer period of time. The same might be true for teens who don’t work, drive or go out much in high school. College teachers describe students who can’t do anything without calling their parents. However, the “slow-life method” is also likely beneficial as teens are spending more time developing socially and emotionally before they drive, drink alcohol and work for pay. The key is to make sure that teens eventually get the opportunity to develop the skills they will need as adults: independence, along with social and decision making skills. For parents, this might mean pushing their teenagers out of the house more. 51. Compared with teens nowadays, which can best describe teens in the past? A. Believable. B. Outgoing. C. Intelligent. D. Independent. 52. What plays a key role in the trend of teens growing up more slowly? A. Social comments. B. Cultural changes. C. Educational development. D. Methods of education. 53. What does the author advise parents to do? A. Spend less time in taking care of their children. B. Force their children to leave home at an early age. C. Encourage their children to take part in social activities. D. Help their children to get to adulthood as soon as possible. 54. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. How teens develop skills they need in future. B. Teens take no responsibility for what they do. C. Why today’s teens aren’t in any hurry to grow up. D. Nowadays teens can’t make decisions by themselves. 55. In which part of a magazine can we read this passage? A. Society. B. Education. C. Business. D. Entertainment. 【答案】51. D 52. B 53. C 54. C 55. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明。文章介绍了当今青少年成长变得缓慢这一社会现象，并分析了其原因和这一趋势的利弊。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This generation of teens is delaying (推迟) the responsibilities and pleasures of adulthood.(这一代青少年推迟了成年后的责任和快乐)”以及第二段中的“As a result, kids needed to take care of themselves sooner.(因此，孩子们需要更早地照顾自己)”可知，与现在的青少年相比，过去的青少年要更早学会照顾自己，由此可知，过去的青少年独立性更强，故选D。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To figure out what’s really going on, we should look at these trends (趋势) with ‘life history theory’ taken into consideration.(为了弄清楚到底发生了什么，我们应该考虑到‘生命史理论’来看待这些趋势)”以及“The two methods are adaptations to a particular cultural background, so each isn’t naturally ‘good’ or ‘bad’.(这两种方法都是对特定文化背景的适应，因此并不是天生的‘好’或‘坏’)”可知，青少年成长的文化背景改变了，所以造成他们成长变得缓慢这一社会现象，故选B。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The key is to make sure that teens eventually get the opportunity to develop the skills they will need as adults: independence, along with social and decision making skills. For parents, this might mean pushing their teenagers out of the house more.(关键是要确保青少年最终有机会发展他们成年后需要的技能：独立，以及社交和决策技能。对父母来说，这可能意味着更多地把孩子赶出家门)”可知，作者建议家长敦促青少年多出去参加社会活动，故选C。 【54题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Teens are now less likely to do part-time jobs, drink alcohol or go out without their parents than teens 10 or 20 years ago. This generation of teens is delaying (推迟) the responsibilities and pleasures of adulthood.(与10年或20年前的青少年相比，现在的青少年不太可能做兼职、喝酒或在没有父母陪伴的情况下外出。这一代青少年正在推迟成年后的责任和快乐)”可知，作者首先介绍了当今青少年成长变得缓慢这一社会现象，紧接着分析了造成这种现象的原因，最后又陈述了这种趋势的利弊，总的来说，文章紧紧围绕着“当今青少年为何不急于长大”这一问题展开讨论，故选C。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章介绍了当今青少年成长变得缓慢这一社会现象，并分析了其原因和这一趋势的利弊，故我们可以在杂志的社会部分读到。故选A。 (22-23高一下.天津中学.期中)9. Archaeologists(考古学家), studying Stonehenge and its surrounding area say they’ve dug up the relies of an untouched, ancient campsite that dates back to 6,000 years-a find that could rewrite British prehistory. “This is the most important discovery at Stonehenge in over 60 years,” Professor Tim Darvill, a Bournemouth University archaeologist and a Stonehenge expert who did not take part in the new discovery, told the Telegraph. And as he told The Huffington Post in an email, the discovery changes earlier theories that Stonehenge was built in a landscape that was not heavily used before about 3000 B. C. The discovery was made during a dig at Blick Mead, a site about 15 miles from Stonehenge. Researchers found charcoal(木炭) dating back to 4,000 B. C. and evidence of possible buildings, according to a statement released by the university. They also dug up burnt stone and tools, as well as the remains of animals-ancient cattle that served as food for ancient hunter-gatherers. The researchers plan further analysis on the artificial objects but say they’re worried the tunnel construction(隧道建设) could damage the site and get in the way of their work. “Blick Mead could explain what archaeologists have been searching for centuries-an answer to the story of Stonehenge’s past,” David Jacques, the University of Buckingham archaeologist who discovered the campsite, told The Guardian. “But our only chance to find out about the earliest part of Britain’s history could be ruined if the tunnel goes ahead.”  Stonehenge, a prehistoric monument made up of a ring of standing stones, lies eight miles north of Salisbury, England in Wiltshire. It has been listed as a World Heritage Site since 1986. 42. The main purpose of the passage is________ A. to introduce a recent discovery of ancient relics B. to call on people to protect the ancient relics C. to warn the researchers not to do further analysis D. to attract more tourists to visit Stonehenge 43. We can learn from the passage that________. A. the researchers express their concern that the relics might be ruined B. the ancient campsite has been destroyed by the construction workers C. archaeologists are repairing artificial objects founded in the relic site D. the tunnel construction rewrites the earliest part of Britain’s history 44. In which section of a newspaper can we read this passage? ________ A. Travel. B. Business C. Lifestyle D. Culture 45. What might be the best title for the passage? ________ A. Stonehenge Is In Danger of Being Destroyed Because Of the Find. B. New Stonehenge Discovery Described As Most Important In 60 years. C. A New Tunnel Is Being Constructed Under Stonehenge. D. Stonehenge Has Been Listed as a World Heritage Site Since 1986. 【答案】42. A 43. A 44. D 45. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是关于巨石阵遗址的一个新发现，这一发现可能会改变历史。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据首段“Archaeologists(考古学家), studying Stonehenge and its surrounding area say they’ve dug up the relies of an untouched, ancient campsite that dates back to 6,000 years-a find that could rewrite British prehistory. (研究巨石阵及其周边地区的考古学家(考古学家)表示，他们挖出了一个原始的、可追溯到6000年的古老营地的遗迹——这一发现可能改写英国的史前历史。)”以及下文中对这一发现的分析可知，本文主要是介绍的是对巨石阵的一个新的研究发现，这一发现有可能重写英国的史前史。故选A项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“The researchers plan further analysis on the artificial objects but say they’re worried the tunnel construction(隧道建设) could damage the site and get in the way of their work.(研究人员计划对这些人造物体进行进一步分析，但他们表示，他们担心隧道建设可能会破坏现场，并妨碍他们的工作。)”以及倒数第二段中的““But our only chance to find out about the earliest part of Britain’s history could be ruined if the tunnel goes ahead.” (“但如果隧道继续修建，我们了解英国最早历史的唯一机会可能会被毁掉。”)”可知，研究者很担心隧道建设可能会损坏遗址并且阻碍他们的研究，由此可知，研究者们担忧的是遗址可能会被损坏。故选A项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据首段“Archaeologists(考古学家), studying Stonehenge and its surrounding area say they’ve dug up the relies of an untouched, ancient campsite that dates back to 6,000 years-a find that could rewrite British prehistory. (研究巨石阵及其周边地区的考古学家(考古学家)表示，他们挖出了一个原始的、可追溯到6000年的古老营地的遗迹——这一发现可能改写英国的史前历史。)”以及尾段“Stonehenge, a prehistoric monument made up of a ring of standing stones, lies eight miles north of Salisbury, England in Wiltshire. It has been listed as a World Heritage Site since 1986.(巨石阵是由一圈直立的石头组成的史前纪念碑，位于英国索尔兹伯里以北8英里的威尔特郡。自1986年以来，它被列为世界遗产。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是与历史文化遗址巨石阵的研究相关，并且巨石阵于1986年被列为世界文化遗址，由此可知，本文应该是出自于报纸中的“文化”部分。故选D项。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Archaeologists(考古学家), studying Stonehenge and its surrounding area say they’ve dug up the relies of an untouched, ancient campsite that dates back to 6,000 years-a find that could rewrite British prehistory.(研究巨石阵及其周边地区的考古学家(考古学家)表示，他们挖出了一个原始的、可追溯到6000年的古老营地的遗迹——这一发现可能改写英国的史前历史。)”以及第二段中的““This is the most important discovery at Stonehenge in over 60 years,” Professor Tim Darvill, a Bournemouth University archaeologist and a Stonehenge expert who did not take part in the new discovery, told the Telegraph.(伯恩茅斯大学的考古学家、巨石阵专家蒂姆·达维尔教授告诉《每日电讯报》说:“这是60多年来巨石阵最重要的发现。”达维尔教授没有参与这次新发现。)”可知，考古学家在巨石阵及其周围有了一个新发现，而这一发现是近60年来巨石阵的最重要的发现，结合下文中对该发现的分析可知，本文的题目为“巨石阵新发现被认为是60年来最重要的发现”与本文内容吻合，概括了文章的主题。故选B项。 (22-23高一下.天津中学.期中)10. Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send orders to machines. Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, showed a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts. In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the wheelchair and guided it with his thoughts. “Our brain has billions of nerve cells (神经细胞). These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓) to the muscles (肌肉) to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with outside world and also to control the machine.” The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer understands the signals and directs the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that recognize objects in its path. They help the computer react to orders from the brain. Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer, software that understands brain signals and turns them into simple orders. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be divided into two kinds: communication, and controlling the machine. One example is this wheelchair.” He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to ensure that they can use the technology over long periods of time. 46. BCI is a technology that can ________. A. help to update computer systems B. link the human brain with computers C. help the disabled to become well D. control a person’s thoughts 47. How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory? ________ A. By controlling his muscles. B. By talking to the machine. C. By moving his hand. D. By using his mind. 48. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5? A. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair B. compute→cap→scalp→wheelchair C. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair D. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair 49. The team will test with real patients to ________. A. make profits from them B. prove the technology useful to them C. make them live longer D. learn about their physical condition 50. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? ________ A. Switzerland, the BCI Research Center B. New Findings About How the Human Brain Works C. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled D. Computer Technology Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries 【答案】46. B 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类大脑和电脑机器直接连接起来的可能性。最近科学家们研究出一种“脑控轮椅”，病人戴上特定的帽子就可以通过思考和想法操控轮椅。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send orders to machines. (自20世纪70年代以来，科学家们一直在寻找将大脑与计算机联系起来的方法。脑机接口(BCI)技术可以帮助残疾人向机器发送指令。)”可知脑机接口是一种可以将人脑与计算机联系起来的技术。故选B。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the wheelchair and guided it with his thoughts.(在实验室里，Tavella只是想着移动他的左手或右手来操作轮椅。他甚至可以一边看着轮椅一边说话，一边用自己的思想引导轮椅。)”可知，Tavella通过运用他的思维来控制轮椅。故选D。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. (这个头罩从头皮接收信号，并将其发送到计算机上。计算机对这些信号进行解释，然后控制电动轮椅。轮椅上还有两个摄像头，可以识别行进中的物体)”可知，第五段中描述的信号路径是：头皮→头罩（帽子）→计算机→轮椅。故选C。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from (他说，他的团队设定了两个目标。一种是在真实的病人身上进行测试，以证明这是一项他们可以受益的技术)”可以推断，团队将与真实的患者一起测试是为了证明技术对他们有用。故选B。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。本文主要是在介绍BCI这一新发明并强调对残疾病人的巨大帮助。根据文章第一段“Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send orders to machines. (自20世纪70年代以来，科学家们一直在寻找将大脑与计算机联系起来的方法。脑机接口(BCI)技术可以帮助残疾人向机器发送指令。)”因此文章的最佳标题是：脑机接口可能意味着残疾人享有更多自由。故选C。 议论文 (23-24高一下.天津部分区.期中)1. Think about things around you when you get up in the morning: the alarm clock, toothbrush, toile, coffee maker, and shower heads… What do these things have in common? They are all inventions. They come in all shapes, sizes and varieties. And their inventors were from diverse backgrounds. Sure, many scientists have made discoveries and turned those discoveries into inventions. However, that doesn’t mean you must be a scientist to be an inventor. We often hear that necessity is the mother of invention, and it means that people often identify one of their needs and then try to meet that need. Sometimes the only way to meet that need is to invent a new product! Think about all of the musical instruments in the world. Now think of all the products that go along with those instruments. Instead of scientists, many of those products were invented by musicians. They discovered a need and then invented a product to satisfy it. They may have thought scientifically about the product. They may have had help from a scientist, but many people have shown that inventors can come from any background. Non-scientific approaches can help develop new inventions. Although thinking scientifically is often a necessity, it can also be helpful to think out of the box. We often get used to doing things the same way and thinking that some ideas won’t work, which makes us stop thinking about new things. But if we keep thinking, we might discover something amazing. That is why some inventors can come from a variety of non-scientific backgrounds. For example a poet and an astronomer both look at the sky, but they see it differently. The poet might have ideas about a problem the astronomer would never consider. See? You don’t have to be a scientist to be an inventor. Somehow, everyone can invent something. 46. What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A. Inventions can be made by anyone, not just scientists. B. Inventions are mainly the result of scientific discoveries. C. Inventors must have scientific backgrounds. D. Inventors is good at inventing daily things. 47. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Remember. B. Invent. C. Find. D. Develop. 48. The writer mentioned the invention of musical instruments in order to show ______. A. the need for a solution leads to invention B. music is very important in our lives C. inventions come from scientific thinking D. music can help scientists become inventors 49. What does the writer mean by saying “thinking out of the box” in Paragraph 4? A. It is helpful for people to keep thinking. B. It is not important for people to think scientifically. C. People need to think about things in new, different ways. D. People need to get used to doing things the same way. 50. By writing the passage, what may the writer want to tell us? A. We should take a look at the sky. B. It’s not easy to write a piece of music. C. We should try to solve scientific problems. D. It’s possible for everyone to invent things. 【答案】46. A 47. C 48. A 49. C 50. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了发明创造，说明每个人都有可能发明新东西。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“They come in all shapes, sizes and varieties. And their inventors were from diverse backgrounds. Sure, many scientists have made discoveries and turned those discoveries into inventions. However, that doesn’t mean you must be a scientist to be an inventor. (它们的发明者来自不同的背景。当然，许多科学家已经有所发现，并将这些发现转化为发明。然而，这并不意味着你必须是科学家才能成为发明家)”可知，本段主要讲述的是发明可以由任何人创造，而不仅仅是科学家。故选A项。 【47题详解】 词句猜测题。划线词前文“We often hear that necessity is the mother of invention (我们经常听说需要是发明之母)”和后文“and then try to meet that need(然后努力满足这种需求)”说明满足需求前人们应首先发现这种需求，从而推知“and it means that people often identify one of their needs (这意味着人们经常identify他们的一种需求)”其中划线部分意思是“发现”。故选C项。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Think about all of the musical instruments in the world. Now think of all the products that go along with those instruments. Instead of scientists, many of those products were invented by musicians. They discovered a need and then invented a product to satisfy it. (想想世界上所有的乐器。现在想想所有与这些乐器配套的产品。这些产品中的许多不是由科学家发明的，而是由音乐家发明的。他们发现了一种需求，然后发明了一种产品来满足它)”可推知，作者提到乐器的发明是为了说明对解决方案的需要导致发明。故选A项。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“We often get used to doing things the same way and thinking that some ideas won’t work, which makes us stop thinking about new things. But if we keep thinking, we might discover something amazing. (我们经常习惯于以同样的方式做事，并认为有些想法行不通，这使我们停止思考新事物。但如果我们继续思考，我们可能会发现一些惊人的事情)”可推知，作者说“thinking out of the box”是指人们需要用新的、不同的方式思考问题。故选C项。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“You don’t have to be a scientist to be an inventor. Somehow, everyone can invent something. (你不一定要成为科学家才能成为发明家。不管怎么着，每个人都能发明一些东西)”可推知，作者想告诉我们每个人都有可能发明新东西。故选D项。 (23-24高一下.天津河东区.期中)2. Thomas, 13, and his friends Mark and Josh had a fantastic idea. Why not play a game of football ... on a trampoline（蹦床）? At first, it was great fun. Then Mark stumbled（绊倒）, landing directly on Thomas’s leg. Thomas howled in pain. Even if you’ve never been injured on a trampoline, chances are you know someone who has. There were nearly 95,000 trampoline-related injuries, in 2012 alone. These injuries are such an enormous problem that the American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP）, a group of doctors who specialize in treating children and adolescents, said in a 2012 study that trampolines should never be used at home or on playgrounds. Never. “This is not a toy. It’s a piece of equipment,” says Dr. Michele LaBotz, an author of the AAPstudy. Indeed, when trampolines were invented in the 1930s, they were intended for use by professional acrobats（杂技演员）. Over time, trampolines caught on with the public, and now 900,000 are sold each year, most of them for recreational use. Part of trampolines’ appeal is that despite the risks, they provide good exercise. You get a heart-pumping aerobic（有氧的） workout, like you do when running or dancing. And young people need all the exercise they can get. Still, trampolines can be dangerous — and not just for kids who fall off. Kids are also getting hurt on the springs and when they strike against each other. Serious injuries to the head and neck have been reported. One out of every 200 trampoline injuries leads to permanent brain damage. Bouncing on a trampoline is clearly risky. But then, every athletic activity involves risk. Kids fall off bikes and skateboards all the time. As with any sport, kids on a trampoline can protect themselves. For instance: Never allow more than one person on a trampoline at a time. （About 75 percent of injuries result from having multiple jumpers at once.） And always have adult supervision. 42. According to the 2012 study by the AAP, ________. A. kids can protect themselves on a trampoline B. trampolines shouldn’t be used for entertainment C. trampolines are more popular among young kids D. kids shouldn’t trampoline without adult supervision 43. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean? A. Trampolines were used to train the public. B. People realized the danger of trampolining. C. Trampolines became popular among the public. D. People worried about kids playing on trampolines. 44. What’s the author’s attitude towards trampolining? A. Uncertain. B. Unconcerned. C. Opposed. D. Objective. 45. The text is mainly about ________. A. the history of trampolines B. why kids shouldn’t trampoline C. the advantages of trampolining D. whether kids should trampoline 【答案】42. B 43. C 44. D 45. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章通过对受伤案例的描述和数据的列举，分析了蹦床虽然对青少年有一定的吸引力，但它仍然是一项非常危险的运动，容易造成身体受伤，因此人们应该正确地使用蹦床，以确保安全。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“These injuries are such an enormous problem that the American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP）, a group of doctors who specialize in treating children and adolescents, said in a 2012 study that trampolines should never be used at home or on playgrounds. Never.”（这些伤害是一个非常严重的问题，美国儿科学会(该学会由专门治疗儿童和青少年的医生组成）在2012年的一项研究中表示，蹦床不应该在家里或操场上使用。绝不应该。）和第五段的“This is not a toy”（这不是一个玩具）可知，AAP的研究表明蹦床不应该在家里或操场上，被孩子们作为一种娱乐玩具来使用。故选B。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线句后“and now 900,000 are sold each year, most of them for recreational use.”（现在每年销售90万支，其中大部分用于娱乐用途。）可知，随着时间的推移，蹦床用于娱乐的销售量增加，说明蹦床开始被大众所欢迎，变得流行起来，故划线句表示“蹦床在大众中流行起来”。故选C。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bouncing on a trampoline is clearly risky. But then, every athletic activity involves risk.”（跳蹦床显然很危险。但是，每项体育活动都有风险。）和“As with any sport,$$