内容正文:
练案[11] Unit 3 The world of science
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. Making a complaint is quite a simple procedure (程
序).
2. Many people do not like the idea of experiments
(实验)on animals.
3. He was struck by lightning (闪电)and killed.
4. Without gravity (引力)there would be no air
and no sound of any kind.
5. There was a blinding flash (闪光)and the whole
building shuddered.
6. The frame is made of metal (金属).
7. She gave the police a full account (描述)of the
incident.
8. Ill draft (起草)a contract for you.
9. For years he managed to keep up the fiction (谎
言)that he was not married.
10. These results are a further proof (证明)of his
outstanding ability.
Ⅱ.选词填空
be amazed at,take place,contribute to,along with,
die from,apart from,fly a kite,come up with,tie. . .
to,establish the truth
1. I hope you can come up with a better plan than
this.
2. Every year,several people die from carbon
monoxide poisoning.
3. Efforts are being made to establish the truth
behind the mysterious paintings.
4. Positive thinking, along with a little action,will
help you turn your ideas into reality.
5. Informal discussions will take place today.
6. The boy was flying a kite at this time yesterday.
7. Honesty and hard work contribute to success and
happiness.
8. Its a good piece of work, apart from a few slight
faults.
9. Due to the cold weather,the little girl tied
herself closely to her mother.
10. People are amazed at and inspired by
Franklins experiment.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1. Another war declaration (declare)was handed
down by the government.
2. Unless we get more funding well be prevented from
finishing our experimental (experiment )
programme.
3. Scientific (science)knowledge should be made
full use of to help us live a happy life.
4. I have to admit that they are not entirely (entire)
selfless.
5. Im correcting the proofs (prove)of the Spanish
edition right now.
6. After graduation,he has been working in a middle
school,which is attached (attach)to Nanjing
Normal University.
7. It is said that body language accounts for 55
percent of a first impression while what you say just
7 percent.
8. There is no clear proof that he is related with
the ease.
9. Questioning accepted (accept) ideas is a
common practice in scientific fields.
10. The basketball coach,along with his team, was
interviewed (interview)shortly after the match for
their outstanding performance.
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Indian scientists have designed a new device
which they hope will solve one of the biggest problems
with the use of solar energy. They call the device a
solar tree. Solar trees have metal“branches”extending
from a tall,central pole at different levels. Each
branch holds“solar panel”(太阳能电池板). These
panels collect energy from the sun and turn it into
electricity.
Daljit Singh Bedi is the chief scientist at the
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR).
The CSIR laboratory lies where the solar tree was
designed. Bedi says the shape of the solar tree makes
it possible to fit more panels in a space. This means
less land would be needed.
“
It takes about four square meters of space to
—071—
produce energy,which otherwise would have required
400 square meters of space,”he says.“So almost 100
times the space is saved,which is very valuable.”
Scientists believe the energy a solar tree collects
will be enough to power five homes. Bedi says solar
trees will collect more energy than normal panels on
the tops of buildings.
India is the worlds third largest producer of
greenhouse gases. The country promised that by
2030,it would have reduced its rate of greenhouse gas
production by one third. The promise depends heavily
on the increasing use of solar energy. India has set a
difficult goal of getting 40 percent of its total energy
from renewable sources by 2030. It also plans to
reduce its use of coal.
Amit Kumar is the senior director of the Energy
and Resources Institute in New Delhi. Kumar says it is
still not clear how useful these new developments in
solar power technology are. “Only when we put those
trees on a large scale(范围)will we be able to get that
answer,”he says.
1. What is the advantage of the solar tree mentioned in
the text?
A. It costs less than the traditional device.
B. Its solar panel is of high quality.
C. It takes less land and collects more energy.
D. It can be used for hundreds of years.
2. The traditional solar panels are placed on
.
A. the tops of buildings
B. trees along the street
C. telegraph poles
D. the ground in the yard
3. What goal will India have achieved by 2030?
A. Reducing greenhouse gas production by one
third.
B. Reducing its use of coal by 40% .
C. Saving 40% of its total energy.
D. Setting up solar trees in all cities.
4. What does Amit Kumar think of the new device?
A. Its extremely useful and valuable.
B. It needs testing on a large scale.
C. Its difficult to put into practice.
D. It may not have a bright future.
B
Delivering medical supplies to hardtoreach
places has been an issue for years. Worldwide,more
than two billion people lack access to essential life
saving supplies,such as blood and vaccines(疫苗).
In the African nation of Rwanda,for example,several
remote health clinics do not have sufficient quantities
of blood and other healthcare products. A company
called Zipline is trying to address this problem. It
uses drones(无人驾驶飞机)to transport medical
supplies around Rwanda. A drone can now deliver
medicine in 30 minutes.
Drones are also assisting emergency organizations
after natural disasters. In 2015, for example, a
powerful hurricane destroyed thousands of buildings in
the Pacific island nation of Vanuatu. Around 75,000
people lost their homes,and at least 15 people died.
After the storm,drones photographed the damage.
These surveys helped emergency workers assess the
situation quickly and answer important questions:
Which areas were hardest hit?Were crops damaged?
What roads were affected?
Drones are also helping to protect wildlife
populations in parts of Africa and Asia. Every year,
poachers(偷猎者)kill thousands of elephants,
rhinos,and other endangered animals. To stop them,
the environmental organization World Wildlife Fund
for Nature is using drones to find where poachers are
hiding and if they are carrying weapons. Equipped
with infrared video cameras,drones can easily identify
people and animals at night. These drones are not
only helpful,but they are affordable.
As well as finding poachers,drones can be used
to track animals. Scientists at Liverpool John Moores
University (LJMU) plan to employ drones for an
ambitious conservation project documenting the
worlds wildlife. The longterm project will start with
scientific surveys of animal populations. And animal
species can then be identified using special software.
Ironically (讽刺地),a tool originally created for
military use is increasingly being used to save lives
instead of taking them. Drones have the potential to
provide solutions that will benefit both humans and
animals.
5. What does the text focus on?
A. The importance of saving lives.
B. The development of drones.
—171—
C. Applications of drones.
D. Ways to protect animals.
6. What can drones be used for according to Paragraph
2?
A. Helping predict disasters.
B. Providing data for evaluation.
C. Organizing emergency workers.
D. Reporting local weather.
7. What do the scientists at LJMU intend to do?
A. Track poachers.
B. Design new practical drones.
C. Record wild animals in detail.
D. Develop assessing software.
8. What can be inferred about drones?
A. They need to be fitted with video cameras.
B. They are unavailable to ordinary people.
C. They should be limited to military use.
D. They have a promising prospect.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·潍坊市高一期末)
I loved my first grade teacher,Mrs. Gross.
She had such a sweet smile and 1. way
about her. I wasnt sure what her age was at the
time but she already 2. very grandmotherly.
She was softspoken and had a very gentle
3. of humor. Unlike some teachers she
never 4. at or punished her students. To
me it felt like having a second grandmother as my
teacher. Every day I arrived at her classroom and
sat 5. at my desk with a big smile on my
face. Throughout all my years of school I always
6. the time in her classroom the most
fondly.
One such memory is still with me to this
day. We were doing math problems that were
7. on the blackboard while Mrs. Gross
walked through the classroom 8. on our
work. I finished first and lifted my head up just
as Mrs. Gross walked up behind me. She looked
at my work and 9. . Then she said:“This is
really good work,Joe. You are a very 10.
boy.”As she walked on,she 11. touched
my shoulder and I felt 12. in my heart. It
felt so good to be 13. . It felt so good to be
appreciated(欣赏). From that moment on I
always tried my best. I always 14. my
study. I always wanted to be as smart as she
15. . I already was.
1. A. kind B. formal
C. senior D. hard
2. A. seemed B. proved
C. looked D. got
3. A. sense B. ability
C. advantage D. feeling
4. A. stared B. pointed
C. looked D. shouted
5. A. quietly B. happily
C. obviously D. safely
6. A. remembered B. took
C. spent D. killed
7. A. discussed B. printed
C. designed D. fixed
8. A. carrying B. deciding
C. commenting D. checking
9. A. left B. joked
C. smiled D. explained
10. A. unique B. lively
C. smart D. outgoing
11. A. properly B. gently
C. slowly D. suddenly
12. A. curiosity B. warmth
C. nervousness D. surprise
13. A. called B. questioned
C. seen D. helped
14. A. focused on B. made up for
C. depended on D. showed off
15. A. agreed B. knew
C. guessed D. thought
—271—
故选A。
9. D 句意:在这样的大雨中你会生病的。A. bored无聊的;B.
injured受伤的;C. anxious焦虑的;D. sick生病的。根据下文
“in such a heavy rain”可知,大雨会让作者生病。故选D。
10. D 句意:当我们终于到达目的地时,我向她道谢。A. home
家;B. company公司;C. shop商店;D. destination目的地。根据
下文“As I walked into school”可知作者到了学校,也就是他们
的目的地。故选D。
11. C 句意:当我走进学校,我转身看到她在大雨中艰难地走
着。A. turned up出现;B. turned down关小;C. turned around转
身;D. turned over翻转。根据下文“and saw her”可知,作者转
过身看着老妇人。故选C。
12. A 句意同上题。A. walking走路;B. running奔跑;C. jogging
慢跑;D. jumping跳跃。根据下文“in the heavy rain with great
difficulty”可知,在大雨中艰难地走着。故选A。
13. A 句意:就在那一刻,我想起了我在天堂的奶奶,她曾经在
这样糟糕的天气里送我去上学。我被老太太的所作所为深深
震惊了。A. terrible糟糕的;B. strange奇怪的;C. difficult困难
的;D. unique独特的。根据上文“in the heavy rain”可知,此处
指糟糕的天气。故选A。
14. B 句意同上题。A. excited激动;B. shocked震惊;C. affected
影响;D. honored尊重。根据下文“She could devote her time
and care to a complete stranger!”可知,作者被老太太的所作所
为深深震惊了。故选B。
15. B 句意:我承诺在未来我将尽我所能去帮助那些需要帮助
的人!A. demanded需要;B. promised承诺;C. scheduled安排;
D. preferred更喜欢。根据下文“that I would do whatever I can
to help those in need in future”可知,作者承诺未来将尽自己所
能去帮助那些需要帮助的人!故选B。
Ⅱ.语篇解读:本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了2021年12月
9日,中国宇航员在天宫空间站举行了一个科学讲座。通过此次
讲座,全国学生了解到了许多太空的自然现象产生的原因,也让
学生们对太空科学产生了浓厚的兴趣。
1. the 考查冠词。Earth地球,世界上独一无二的事物前加定冠
词the。
2. was 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句子中的on that exciting
day,可知此处谓语动词用一般过去时。根据就近原则,谓语动
词用单数形式。故填was。
3. where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构,先行词the place在从
句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导。故填where。
4. showing / to show 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,此处作非
谓语。前面名词experiments与动词show构成主动关系,用现
在分词形式showing作后置定语,或用动词不定式短语to
show作目的状语。故填showing / to show。
5. including 考查介词。此处后接名词,用介词including符合题
意。故填including。
6. happily 考查副词。修饰后面动词answered用副词作状语。
故填happily。
7. Millions 考查数词。中国数百万中小学生观看了这场60分
钟的电视直播活动。millions of数百万。故填Millions。
8. in 考查介词。分析句子结构,make 为使役动词,句中
interested作宾语补足语,相当于形容词,后面接宾语应符合
be interested in搭配。故填in。
9. be held 考查动词的被动语态。根据句意,more lectures与动
词hold构成被动关系,情态动词would后接动词原形。故填
be held。
10. professional 考查形容词。此处修饰后面名词astronauts用
形容词作前置定语。故填professional。
练案[11]
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ. 1. procedure 2. experiments 3. lightning 4. gravity 5. flash
6. metal 7. account 8. draft 9. fiction 10. proof
Ⅱ. 1. come up with 2. die from 3. to establish the truth 4. along
with 5. will take place 6. was flying a kite 7. contribute to
8. apart from 9. tied to 10. are amazed at
Ⅲ. 1. declaration 2. experimental 3. Scientific 4. entirely
5. proofs 6. is attached 7. for 8. that 9. accepted
10. was interviewed
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。印度科学家发明了一种被称
为“太阳能树”的新设备,但是该设备究竟能有多大用处,还需
要通过实践来检验。
1. C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This means less land
would be needed. ”和第四段中的“Bedi says solar trees will
collect more energy than normal panels on the tops of
buildings. ”可知,这种新设备不仅占用更少的土地,而且可
以收集更多的能量。故选C。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“normal panels on
the tops of buildings”可以判断,一般电池板是安装在建筑房顶
上的。故选A。
3. A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The country promised
that by 2030,it would have reduced its rate of greenhouse gas
production by one third.”可知,到2030年,印度要实现减少三
分之一温室气体排放的目标。故选A。
4. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句可知,他认为
目前还不能确定这种设备有多大的用处,只有通过大范围测
试后才能知道答案。故选B。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。无人驾驶飞机最初被制造用于
军事,而如今其更多地被用来拯救生命,如运送药物、在自然灾
害发生后协助应急组织、帮助保护野生动物族群以及追踪动
物等。
5. C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者在前四段分别介绍了无
人驾驶飞机的四种不同的用途,并在最后一段表示其有提供
使人类与动物双方都受益的解决办法的可能性,故本文重点
介绍无人驾驶飞机的应用。故选C。
6. B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“After the storm,drones
photographed the damage. These surveys helped emergency
workers assess the situation quickly”可知,风暴过后,无人驾驶
飞机拍摄受损的照片,这些调查帮助应急人员快速评估受灾
的情况。故可推知,无人驾驶飞机可以被用于为评估(情况)
提供数据。故选B
。
—235—
7. C 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知,LJMU的科学家们
计划利用无人驾驶飞机记录世界上的野生动物以此来保护它
们。故选C。
8. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段尾句可知,无人驾驶飞机有提
供使人类与动物双方都受益的解决办法的可能性。故可推
知,无人驾驶飞机有美好的前景。故选D。
Ⅱ.语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢上一
年级时的Gross老师,她说话轻声细语,有一种非常温和的幽默
感,从不对学生大吼大叫或惩罚学生。作者也因为老师的夸奖
而专注学习,想变得像老师认为的那样聪明。
1. A 句意:她笑容甜美,为人和蔼可亲,我不知道她当时多大年
纪,但她看上去已经很有祖母的样子了。A. kind亲切的;B.
formal正式的;C. senior年长的;D. hard努力的。根据前文“I
loved my first grade teacher,Mrs. Gross. She had such a sweet
smile”可推知,作者喜欢Gross老师,她为人和蔼可亲。故
选A。
2. C 句意见上题。A. seemed似乎;B. proved证明;C. looked看
起来;D. got得到。结合后文“very grandmotherly”可知作者不
知道她的年纪,只觉得她看上去已经很有祖母的样子了。故
选C。
3. A 句意:她说话轻声细语,很有幽默感。A. sense感觉;B.
ability能力;C. advantage优势;D. feeling感觉。根据后文“of
humor”表示“幽默感”短语为a sense of humor。故选A。
4. D 句意:不像一些老师,她从不对学生大喊大叫或惩罚他们。
A. stared凝视;B. pointed指出;C. looked看;D. shouted叫喊。
根据后文“at or punished her students. To me it felt like having a
second grandmother as my teacher.”可知,Gross老师像祖母,说
明她从不对学生大喊大叫或惩罚他们。故选D。
5. B 句意:每天我来到她的教室,开心地坐在我的书桌旁,脸上
挂着灿烂的微笑。A. quietly安静地;B. happily快乐地;C.
obviously明显地;D. safely安全地。根据后文“at my desk with
a big smile on my face”可知作者上Gross老师的课很开心。故
选B。
6. A 句意:在我所有的学校岁月里,我一直记得在她的教室里
的时光。A. remembered记得;B. took带走;C. spent花费;D.
killed杀死。根据后文“the time in her classroom the most
fondly”可知作者一直记得上Gross老师课的时光。故选A。
7. B 句意:我们正在做黑板上的数学题,Gross老师在教室里走
来走去检查我们的作业。A. discussed讨论;B. printed印刷;
C. designed设计;D. fixed修理。根据后文“on the blackboard”
可知指印(写)在黑板上的数学题。故选B。
8. D 句意同上题。A. carrying 搬运;B. deciding 决定;C.
commenting评论;D. checking检查。结合后文“This is really
good work,Joe.”Gross老师检查作者的作业,可知她在教室
里走来走去检查学生作业。故选D。
9. C 句意:她看着我的作业笑了。A. left离开;B. joked开玩
笑;C. smiled微笑;D. explained解释。根据后文“This is really
good work,Joe.”可知,老师对作者的作业很满意,smile符合
语境。故选C。
10. C 句意:你是个很聪明的男孩。A. unique独特的;B. lively
活泼的;C. smart聪明的;D. outgoing外向的。呼应后文“I
always wanted to be as smart as she”老师认为作者聪明。故
选C。
11. B 句意:她一边走,一边轻轻地拍着我的肩膀,我感到心里
暖暖的。A. properly适当地;B. gently温柔地;C. slowly缓慢
地;D. suddenly突然。根据后文“touched my shoulder and I
felt”可知老师夸奖了作者,用手轻拍作者的肩膀。故选B。
12. B 句意同上题。A. curiosity 好奇;B. warmth 温暖;C.
nervousness紧张;D. surprise惊喜。根据后文“in my heart”指
作者内心的暖意。故选B。
13. C 句意:能被人注意到真是太好了。A. called打电话;B.
questioned质疑;C. seen看见,注意;D. helped帮助。结合前文
老师夸奖作者的作业,说作者聪明,可知老师注意到了作者,
see符合语境。故选C。
14. A 句意:我总是专注于学习。A. focused on集中;B. made up
for补偿;C. depended on取决于;D. showed off炫耀。根据前文
“From that moment on I always tried my best.”可知作者努力学
习,专注于学习。故选A。
15. D 句意:我一直想变得像她认为的那样聪明。A. agreed同
意;B. knew知道;C. guessed猜测;D. thought认为。根据前文
“I always wanted to be as smart as she”以及上文老师夸奖作者
聪明,即作者想变得像老师认为的那样聪明。故选D。
练案[12]
Ⅰ.语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于
宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。
1. C 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Searching the term
‘simulation hypothesis’(模拟假说)returns numerous results
that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation—a
concept that some scientists actually take seriously.
Unfortunately,this is not a scientific question. We will probably
never know whether its true. We can,instead,use this idea to
advance scientific knowledge.(搜索‘模拟假说’这一术语会得
到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科
学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是,这不是一个科学
问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反,我们可
以利用这个想法来推进科学知识。)”可知,作者对于模拟假
说提出质疑,是为了提出自己的建议,建议使用这一想法来
推进科学知识。故选C。
2. B 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“If empirical (实证的)
experience fails to reveal reality,reasoning wont reveal reality
either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on
our social,cultural and psychological histories. Again,a black
box.(如果经验不能揭示现实,推理也不会揭示现实,因为它
依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和
词语。)”可知,句中that引导限制性定语从句,指代先行词
concepts and words,且结合常识,概念和词语取决于我们的社
会、文化和心理历史,推测画线短语表示“取决于”,与
determined by意义相近。故选B。
3. A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The 18thcentury philosopher
Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of thingsin
themselves that are unknowable. While he held
the notion that
—236—