内容正文:
Unit 3 The world of science
(主题语境:人与社会———科技发展和科学精神)
!"#$%&
单
元
核
心
素
养
语言
能力
核心
单词
press,shoot,flexible,battery,capable,stuff
,
desire,passive,beyond,significant,injure,origin
,
mental,cure,declaration,experiment,metal
,
attach,flash,conduct,entirely,account,
procedure
核心
短语
think of,as well as,in addition,thanks to
,
in terms of,start / begin with,lead to
,
be known for,be attached to,take place
,
die from,
come up with
现在完成时的被动语态
语法
写一个实验报告
写作任务
文化
意识
了解科学方面的最新动态
学习科学家们为人类发展不断研究、
探索的求知精神
思维
品质
崇尚科学意识、
倡导科学实践活动
努力学习科学知识,增强对科学的理解
和实践能力
学习
能力
熟练运用与科学相关的词汇和语法现象
根据本单元的科学话题制订合理的
学习计划
!"'()*
Alexa is a form of artificial intelligence,or AI for short. Many people start
their mornings by asking Alexa for the weather forecast or the latest news. A
device (设备) that houses Alexa can also play music from your favorite
playlists,keep a shopping list,order takeout food,answer questions,send
messages and even run “smart”home controls.
Training AI systems to respond to problems with humanlike intelligence and
learn from their mistakes can take months,or even years. Consider Alexa and
similar software,such as Apples Siri. To do the tasks its human owners ask,
these systems must make sense of and then respond to sentences such as,
“Alexa,play my Ed Sheeran playlist”or “Siri,what is the capital of India?”
Computers cant understand language as it is spoken by people. So AI
researchers must find a way to help humans communicate with computers. The
technology used to get computers to“understand”human speech or text is known
as natural language processing. By natural language,computer scientists refer to
the way people naturally talk or write. To teach an AI system a task like
comprehending (理解)a sentence or responding to a persons last move in a
board game,scientists need to feed it lots of examples.
AlphaGo is an AI system designed by Google that has beaten a human
champion,Lee Sedol,at the strategy (策略) board game Go. To train
AlphaGo,Google had to show it 30 million Go moves that people had made while
playing the game. Then AlphaGo used what it learned to analyze those plays as it
played against different versions (版本)of itself. During this practice,the
program came up with new moves—ones never seen in games between people.
[美句欣赏]
●!"#$
How do scientists train AI systems?
[美句欣赏]
Then AlphaGo used what
it learned to analyze those
plays as it played against
different versions of itself.
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AlphaGo
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what it learned
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what
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,
as it played against
different versions of itself
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Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
+,-./0
Ⅰ %&'(
1. v.射出(光、亮等),放射
2. adj.虚拟的,模拟的
3. n.电池
4. n.东西,物品
5. n.渴望,欲望
6. v.按→ n.压力
7. adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的→
n.柔韧性
8. adj.有能力的→
n.能力
Ⅱ )*+,
1. 成为现实
2. 随着时间的推移
3. 纵观历史
4. 虚拟现实
5. 和……;还……
6. 除此之外;另外
7. 多亏,由于
8. 就……而言
9. 有能力
10. 别轻易说不
Ⅲ -./0
1. find +宾语+宾补
And now,we find ourselves in the great new age of
technology .
而现在,我们发现自己处于伟大的科技新时代。
2. It is. . . that. . .强调句型
So what is it that inspires us to invent things?
那么到底是什么激励我们去发明东西呢?
Ⅳ 1234
(一)快读文章,把握大意
Whats the passage mainly about?
A. Richards opinion of the four great inventions in
Ancient China.
B. An interview with the author of the book The
New Age of Invention.
C. Something about the great Western inventions.
D. Something about the modern inventions.
(二)精读文章,品读细节
1. The great Western inventions contain the following
except .
A. the steam engine B. the telephone
C. the radio D. the compass
2. The title of Richards book tells us that .
A. few people know about the inventions
B. Richard has invented a lot of things
C. we are in the great new age of technology now
D. the four great inventions in Ancient China are
better than those in Western countries
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true
according to the passage?
A. It was Richard that invented an intelligent
walking house.
B. Most of the new great inventions are based on
modern technology.
C. GPS technology can help us travel in different
places.
D. Thanks to increasing computer power,important
advances have been made in environmental
science.
4. In Richards opinion,what is the real spirit of
invention?
A. The need to solve a problem.
B. The desire to think and create.
C. The desire to earn more money.
D. The need to protect the environment.
5. In Richards opinion, .
A. inventing something new is useless
B. it is impossible to invent a time machine
C. it is very important that we have an incredible
desire to think and create
D. its possible for us to invent a time machine in
the future
(三)重读文章,激发潜能
The New Age of Invention by Dr Richard
Fairhurst has just been published, 1.
suggests that the present day is a new age for
!&#
inventions. Many examples 2. (employ)
to illustrate his viewpoint. There have been golden
ages of invention throughout history. For example,the
four great inventions in Ancient China and the great
Western inventions. Nowadays, 3.
(advance)in virtual reality and wearable tech,as
well as flexible battery,mean we should soon be
seeing further developments. 4. addition,
important advances have been made in medicine and
environmental science thanks to 5.
(increase)computer power. New inventions like 3D
printers have been used 6. (make)
replacement hearts and bone parts. In terms of the
environment, it is now possible to create
7. intelligent walking house. It is capable
of using GPS technology to travel to different places,
with computing technology 8. (control)its
“legs”.
Most inventions start with recognising a problem
that needs a solution. This was no doubt the reason
behind the invention of the wheel in ancient times,
which much later developed into the car. Now,
9. (reduce ) energy supplies and
environmental pollution have led to more advances in
the technology of new energy vehicles. But what
remains important is 10. we have an
incredible desire to think and create,and thats the
real spirit of invention.
阅读微技巧
对文章
的写作
目的进
行推断
1.细读文章,从作者的选词及其修饰
手段中体会写作目的。
2.选项里常出现的词是:explain(解
释),prove (证明),advise(劝告),
comment (评论), praise (赞扬),
criticize(批评),demonstrate(举例说
明), argue (辩论), tell (讲述),
analyze(分析)等
。
+12345
● %&(5
1. press v.按,压;逼迫 n.压;按;出版社;报
刊;新闻业
(1)press sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事
press sth. against使某物贴着
(2)pressure n.压力
under pressure在压力之下,承受压力
peer pressure同龄压力
①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The best way to ease
pressure on overtouristed destinations is to go
somewhere else.
缓解过度旅游目的地压力的最好方法是去别的
地方。
②Out of curiosity,the little girl pressed her nose
against the shop window.
出于好奇,小女孩把鼻子贴在橱窗上。
6768
单句语法填空
①The nurse applied pressure (press)to his arm to
stop the bleeding.
②The military was pressed to make (make)a final
decision as soon as possible.
③ Under the pressure of internal and external
environment, employees are faced with many
psychological problems.
单句写作
④青少年发现很难抵抗同龄人的压力,这使得他们
需要成年人的帮助。
Teenagers find it difficult to resist peer pressure ,
which makes them in need of assistance from
adults.
2. capable adj.有能力的
(1)be capable of doing sth.有能力做某事
(2)capability n.能力;才能
the capability to do / of doing sth.做某事的能力
beyond ones capability超出某人的能力
(3)incapable adj.没有能力(做某事)的;不能自
理的
capably adv.能干地
①The manager is now in need of a capable assistant
who can deal with matters in his absence.
经理现在正需要一个能在他不在时解决问题的
有能力的助手
。
!&$
② This technology has the capability to end world
hunger.
这项技术有能力消除世界饥饿。
6768
单句语法填空
①The machine capable of computing complex
numbers was invented by Tom.
②Platypus has a capability (capable)to find food
in the water by using electrical sensors in its bill.
③ We should help those who are incapable
(capable)of taking care of their personal affairs.
一句多译
④我有能力照顾自己。
Im capable of taking care of myself. (capable)
→ I have the capability to take / of taking care of
myself (capability)
3. desire n.渴望,欲望 vt.渴望,希望;要求
(1)have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事
have a desire for sth.急于得到某物
(2)desire sth. / to do sth.渴望某物/做某事
desire sb. / sth. to do sth.渴望某人/某物做
某事
desire that. . .(should)do sth.渴望……做某事
①He showed us that even a single desire,never
given up on,can make for a remarkable life.
他告诉我们,即使是一个单一的愿望,永不放
弃,也可以创造非凡的人生。
②Knowing you have a strong desire to learn Chinese
well,Id like to offer you some suggestions.
知道你有学好汉语的强烈愿望,我想给你一些
建议。
RS3T
动词desire后的宾语从句和名词desire后的表语
从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词为
(should)do。
6768
单句语法填空
①He passionately desired to continue (continue)
his career.
②Fashion is a competitive and hard business where
peoples desire for new ideas is hard to satisfy.
③ The old woman desired her son and daughter
to come (come)and see her from time to time.
④The people trapped in the ruins desire that rescue
teams (should)be sent (send)here without delay.
一句多译
⑤每个人都渴望成功,而成功只属于努力的人。
Everyone desires to achieve success while
success only belongs to people who are hard
working.(v. desire)
→ Everyone has a desire for success while
success only belongs to people who are hard
working.(n. desire)
● )*+,
1. in addition除此之外,另外
(1)in addition(= as well / besides)为副词短语,常
放在句首
(2)in addition to(= as well as / besides / apart
from)为介词短语,意为“除……之外”,后接
名词或动词ing形式。
①I dont want to buy that dress. I disliked its pattern.
In addition,the colour didnt suit me.
我不想买那条裙子。我不喜欢它的样式。另外,
那个颜色不适合我。
② In addition to practical skills,Pruitts lessons
teach teamwork, encourage selfworth, and
promote feelings of community.
除了实用技能外,普鲁特的课程还教授团队合
作、鼓励自我价值感和促进社区情感。
9:;<
6768
短语填空(in addition,in addition to)
① In addition to the school,the village has a
clinic,which was also built with government
support.
②English classes are offered. In addition ,students
can take classes in other languages.
句型转换
③He gets a basic salary. In addition,he has a bonus
of 300 yuan
per month.
!&%
→ In addition to a basic salary ,he has a bonus
of 300 yuan per month.
2. in terms of在……方面;依据;按照
in the short term从短期来看;就眼前来说
in the long term从长远来看
on ones own terms按照自己的条件
be on good terms with sb.与某人关系良好
①It is widely acknowledged that students should be
evaluated in terms of overall quality.
人们普遍认为,应该从综合素质的角度来评价
学生。
②In the long term,the agreement will have a great
effect on our company.
从长远来看,这份协议将会给我们公司带来重大
影响。
6768
单句语法填空
①Ill only take the job on my own terms.
②Such a development seems unlikely,at least in
the short term.
③ We have been on good terms with our
neighbours for all these years.
单句写作
④就薪水而言,这个工作倒是不错,但是也有一些
不利之处。
The job is great in terms of the salary,but it
also has some disadvantages.
● )*/0
1. And now,we find ourselves in the great
new age of technology.
而现在,我们发现自己处于伟大的科技新时代。
(1)句中的find ourselves in the great new age of
technology是“find +宾语+宾语补足语”
结构。
(2)“find +宾语+宾语补足语”结构的常见
类型:
find +宾语
名词/介词短语/形容词/副词
to be. . .
doing
done
(3)在“find +形式宾语it +宾语补足语+ to do”
结构中,宾语补足语常是名词或形容词,真正
的宾语往往是动词不定式。
①After a long time,I found the young man (to be)
very capable.
很长一段时间之后,我发现这个年轻人很有
能力。
②The boy ran to his pet dog,only to find it killed.
男孩跑向他的宠物狗,却发现它被杀死了。
6768
单句语法填空
①When she arrived home,she found her pet cat
lying (lie)in the yard.
②The girl ran to her pet cat,only to find it injured
(injure).
③(2024·1月浙江卷)Having a poor sense of
direction,Eva found it impossible to get (get)
around in such a huge building.
句式升级
④When she entered her sons room,she found that he
was crying.
→When she entered her sons room,she found
him crying .
2. So what is it that inspires us to invent
things?
那么到底是什么激励我们去发明东西呢?
(1)本句为强调句型的特殊疑问句,即:“特殊疑
问词+ is / was + it that +其他成分?”。构成强
调句型的it本身没有词义,但不能用其他词
代替。
(2)强调句的基本结构:“It is / was +被强调部分
+ that / who +其他成分.”。
强调句的一般疑问句式:“Is / Was it +被强调
部分+ that / who +其他成分?”。
“not. . . until. . .”结构的强调句型:“It is / was
not until. . . that +其他成分.”。
(3)被强调部分指人时用that / who均可,其他情
况一律用that。
(4)被强调部分无论是单数还是复数,it后的be
动词均用单数形式,即用is或was。用is还
是was要根据原句的时态而定。
① It was last Sunday that witnessed a 5km cross
country running race held by our school.
上周日,我们学校举办了一场5千米越野跑
比赛。
②It was not only the breakfast,but the love of
the children for her that moved her very much.
打动她的不仅是早餐,还有孩子们对她的爱
。
!&&
6768
单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Its these small acts of
kindness that make a new country feel like
home.
②It was when I got back to my apartment that I
first came across my new neighbors.
③ It was not until the train pulled into the station
that he found that his suitcase had gone.
句型转换
④She didnt come to school yesterday because her
mother was ill.(强调原因状语)
→ It was because her mother was ill that she
didnt come to school yesterday.
● 6/78
1.This evening,Ill be talking to Dr Richard
Fairhurst,whose new book The New Age of
Invention has just been published.
=>?@
This evening,Ill be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst,whose
whose引导的定语从句
new book The New Age of Invention has just been published
The New Age of Invention作new book的同位语
.
ABCD
翻译:
2. But what remains important is that we have
an incredible desire to think and create,
and thats the real spirit of invention.
=>?@
But what remains important
what引导的主语从句
is that we have an incredible desire to
that引导的表语从句
think and create,and thats the real spirit of invention.
ABCD
翻译:
3. This is the one everyone really wants to
know:will anybody ever invent a time
machine?
=>?@
This is the one everyone really wants to know
省略关系词的定语从句
:will anybody ever
invent a time machine?
ABCD
翻译:
EFGHIJ
Ⅰ '(9:
1. Mom,please remember to buy two mediumsized
batteries (电池)for my alarm clock when you go
to the store.
2. Whenever there is a sale in the supermarket,my
mother always ends up buying good stuff (物
品)at a low price.
3. He has a desire (渴望)for success though he
has failed many times.
4. Suddenly,a white light shot (射出)towards
my eyes,and I could see nothing.
5. If you want to start the machine,press (按)
the button.
6. If you are easy to get lost,youd better take a
compass (指南针)with you.
7. Homeworking opportunities and flexible (灵活
的)working hours are top concerns for the working
mothers.
8. A large firm is capable (有能力的) of
providing a wider range of services for the public.
Ⅱ '/,;<=
1. Developing a habit of playing team sports can
reduce pressure (press)and keep fit.
2. Animals in the zoo have lost the capability
(capable)to catch food for themselves.
3. As long as we struggle hard,our dream that seems
not to be realised forever,can turn into reality
(realise)sooner or later.
4. The flexibility (flexible)of distance learning
would be particularly suited to busy managers
.
!&'
5. Scientists and engineers around the world have
made great advances (advance)in Artificial
Intelligence.
6. The manager thought Paul was the best person for
the job in terms of both his ability and his
quality.
7. As we all know,hard work is essential for our
career and it can lead to success.
8. Thanks to his gift for learning foreign
languages,Bill can communicate with people freely
in this country now.
9. The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and in
addition, there are several selfcatering
apartments.
10. If you say the word “communication”,most
people think of words and sentences.
Ⅲ '/:>
1.昨天的交通事故到底是在哪里发生的?
Where was it that the road accident happened
yesterday?
2.有那么多事情要做,她今天上午没有时间去购
物了。
With so many things to do ,she wont have time
to go shopping this morning.
3.迈克有可能提前完成这项任务。
It is possible for Mike to finish the task ahead of
time.
4.很明显,五年级的学生比一年级的学生要高。
Its obvious that students in Grade 5 are taller th
those in Grade 1.
5.依我看,一个人的成功不能总是从钱的角度来
衡量。
In my opinion,ones success cannot always be
measured in terms of money .
请同学们认真完成练案[9
]
Section Ⅱ Using language
+,-./0
Ⅰ %&'(
1. adj.被动的
2. prep.无法……
3. n.例子,实例
4. n.物种
5. adj.非凡的,出色的
6. adj.聪颖的,才华横溢的
7. n.学说,理论
8. n.药剂;疗法
9. adj.重要的,影响深远的→
n.重要性,重大
10. v.使受伤,弄伤→
n.受伤
11. adj.精神的;精神健康的→
adv.精神地
12. adj.小的→
n.少数
13. n.起源,起因→
adj.最初的,原始的
14. adj.精确的→
adv.精确地
Ⅱ )*+,
1. 实地研究,实地调研
2. 难以辨认
3. 根据……来命名
4. 因为,由于
Ⅲ ,;!"
1. Over time I have been changed quite a lot.
2. Since the 1970s many new applications have been
found for me.
!&(
Unit 3 The world of science
单元话题导读
探究思辨
By providing them with large amounts of data.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 1. shoot 2. virtual 3. battery 4. stuff 5. desire 6. press
pressure 7. flexible flexibility 8. capable capability
Ⅱ. 1. become a reality 2. over time 3. throughout history
4. virtual reality 5. as well as 6. in addition 7. thanks to 8. in
terms of 9. be capable of 10. never say never
Ⅲ. 1. find ourselves in the great new age of technology 2. what is it
that
Ⅳ.(一)B (二)1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C
(三)1. which 2. are employed 3. advances 4. In 5. increasing
6. to make 7. an 8. controlling 9. reduced 10. that
课内要点探究
核心词汇
1.①pressure ②to make ③Under ④peer pressure
2.①of ②capability ③incapable ④Im capable of taking care
of myself. I have the capability to take / of taking care of myself.
3.①to continue ②for ③to come ④(should)be sent
⑤desires to achieve has a desire for
重点短语
1.① In addition to ② In addition ③ In addition to a basic
salary
2.①on ②in ③with ④in terms of
重点句式
1.①lying ②injured ③to get ④found him crying
2.①that ②that ③that ④It was because her mother was ill that
长句分析
1.今晚,我将和理查德·费尔赫斯特博士谈话,他的新书《发明
的新时代》刚刚出版。
2.但仍然重要的是,我们有去思考和创造的强烈渴望,这才是真
正的发明精神。
3.这是一个每个人都想知道的问题:会有人发明时间机器吗?
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ. 1. batteries 2. stuff 3. desire 4. shot 5. press 6. compass
7. flexible 8. capable
Ⅱ. 1. pressure 2. capability 3. reality 4. flexibility 5. advances
6. in 7. to 8. to 9. in 10. of
Ⅲ. 1. Where was it that 2. With so many things to do 3. It is
possible for Mike to finish 4. are taller than 5. in terms of money
Section Ⅱ Using language
课前自主预习
Ⅰ. 1. passive 2. beyond 3. instance 4. species 5. extraordinary
6. brilliant 7. theory 8. cure 9. significant significance
10. injure injury 11. mental mentally 12. minor minority
13. origin original 14. accurate accurately
Ⅱ. 1. field research 2. beyond recognition 3. be named after. . .
4. due to
Ⅲ.(1)现在完成时的被动语态 (2)肯定 否定 一般疑问
特殊疑问
课内要点探究
核心词汇
1.①description ②belief ③beyond ④beyond compare
2.①significantly ②of ③significant ④attach great significance
to ⑤of great significance
3.①were taken ②injured injuries had injured ③do yourself
an injury do an injury to yourself get injured
4.①for ②of ③I cured some shortcomings and made progress in
my study
单元语法精析
二、① have been attracted ② have been taken ③ have been
introduced ④Has been decided ⑤have been produced
三、①have been changed ②has been completed ③have been
damaged ④have been built
四、①Many big trees along the stream have been cut down by people
to build houses.
②Large quantities of funds have been spent by them in bringing up
the three children.
③My schoolbag hasnt been found by me.
④All his bikes in the shop have been sold out by him.
专项练习
Ⅰ. 1. have been translated 2. has been fined 3. have been treated
4. has been downloaded 5. have been promised 6. have been
broken 7. have been founded 8. has been built 9. had been
completed 10. has been viewed
Ⅱ. 1. The two novels have been made into television series by them.
2. A large amount of food has been sent to the disaster area by people
since the accident happened.
3. Our school has been given some new teaching equipment by them
since 2017. / Some new teaching equipment has been given to our
school by them since 2017.
4. Peoples lives have been changed by technology recently.
5. His spare time has been made use of to learn English because of
his poor English.
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ. 1. passive 2. chemist 3. theory 4. accurate 5. extraordinary
6. brilliant
Ⅱ. 1. significant 2. original 3. beyond 4. mentally 5. for
6. have been shown 7. have been opened 8. has been checked
9. have taken have been built 10. has been improved
Ⅲ. 1. twothirds of the project has been completed by them 2. has
been sent to those primary schools by the volunteers 3. over 5
million visitors all over the world have been attracted by the museum
4. More than 2,000 dollars has been collected by James 5. Those
robots have been programmed by the researcher
s
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