内容正文:
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
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1.动词ing形式作宾语补足语
动词ing形式作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间是
主谓关系,即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要
用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语:
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词,如see,hear,
feel,smell,watch,find,listen to,look at,
notice,observe等。
We could hear her singing as she ran upstairs.
我们可以听到她边上楼边唱歌。
I saw the kind boy helping the old lady cross the
street.
我看见那个善良的男孩在帮助那位老太太过
马路。
温馨提示:
在see,hear,feel,watch等感官动词后,既可用
动词ing形式作宾语补足语,也可用省略to的
不定式作宾语补足语。用动词ing形式时,表
示动作正在进行;用省略了to的动词不定式
时,表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw him run across the road.
我看到他跑过了公路。(强调整个过程)
I saw him running across the road.
我看见他正跑过公路。(强调正在进行)
(2)表示“指使”等意义的动词,如have,set,
keep,leave,get等。
The joke set her crying.
这个玩笑使她哭起来。
The doctor will soon have you walking again.
医生很快就会让你重新走路。
(3)动词ing形式在with复合结构中的使用。
在with复合结构中,动词ing形式充当宾语补
足语,表示动作“正在进行”或主动关系。
With so many people helping her,she made great
progress in English.
有这么多的人帮助她,她的英语取得了很大的
进步。
With spring coming on,trees turn green.
春天到了,树变绿了。
温馨提示:
动词ing形式和过去分词作宾语补足语的
区别:
当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是主
动关系时,用动词ing形式(正在进行或一直
处于某种状态);当宾语与作宾语补足语的动
词在逻辑上是被动关系时,用过去分词。
We saw him talking to her.
我们看到他正在与她谈话。(正在进行)
I saw him beaten by Tom.
我看到他被汤姆打了。(him与beat是被动关系)
单句语法填空
①They use computers to keep the traffic running
(run)smoothly.
② I felt someone patting (pat) me on the
shoulder.
③We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher
doing (do)the experiment.
完成句子
④我发现一个可爱的小孩站在门口,静静地看
着我。
I found a lovely kid standing at the door,
looking at me quietly.
!$'
2.动词ing形式作状语
动词ing形式作状语表示在进行一个动作的
同时所进行的另一个动作,它对谓语动词起修
饰和陪衬的作用。动词ing形式作状语可以
表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或
伴随。
Walking on the street,I met my English
teacher.(时间状语)
走在街上的时候,我遇到了我的英语老师。
Being ill,he couldnt go to school.(原因状语)
因为生病,他不能去上学。
Working hard,you will certainly succeed. (条
件状语)
只要刻苦学习,你就会成功。
Meeting with great difficulty,he succeeded at
last.(让步状语)
尽管遇到了很大的困难,但他最终还是成
功了。
My car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing
the delay.(结果状语)
我的车遭遇交通堵塞,于是导致了延误。
Travelling by train,we visited a number of
cities.(方式状语)
我们坐火车游览了很多城市。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom,
reading a book.(伴随状语)
玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁,正在读一本书。
温馨提示:
▲动词ing形式作结果状语,是随着谓语动作
的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是
前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以
加thus。而动词不定式作结果状语时常表示
出乎意料的结果,常用only to do结构,其被动
形式为only to be done。
He was caught in the rain,thus making himself
catch a cold.
被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried to school,only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校,结果发现是星期天。
▲当动词ing形式的动作先发生,而谓语动词
的动作后发生时,用动词ing形式的完成式。
Having finished the letter,he went to post it.
(having finished是先发生的,went是后发生的)
他写完信后就去邮寄了。
▲使用动词ing形式的主动式还是被动式,这
主要取决于动词ing形式和句子主语之间的
关系。句子的主语就是动词ing形式的逻辑
主语。
Having been shown around the factory,they were
very happy.(动词ing形式的被动式)
被领着参观了工厂后,他们很高兴。
Having finished his homework,he went to bed.
(动词ing形式的主动式)
完成作业后,他上床睡觉了。
▲动词ing形式作状语,有时它也可以有自己
独立的主语,这种结构被称为独立主格结构,
通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示
时间、原因或条件。
The trees are extremely tall,some measuring over
90 metres.
那些树非常高,其中一些高达90多米。
The weather being fine,we went out for a walk.
由于天气好,我们出去散步了。
单句语法填空
①He glanced over at her, noting (note)that
though she was tiny,she seemed quite healthy.
② The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving
(leave)nothing valuable.
③When I was little,my mother used to sit by my
bed, telling (tell) me stories until I fell
asleep.
翻译句子
④时间允许的话,我们会参观长城。
⑤看到那些画,她想起了自己的童年。
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. Seen (see)from the tower,the city looks very
beautiful.
2. Having prepared (prepare)for the exam well
enough,he didnt feel nervous.
3. What he said left me wondering (wonder)
what was true love for children.
4. When he came to himself,he found himself
lying (lie)in hospital.
5. The weather being (be)hot,we had to stay at
home.
6. When he saw the pictures,beautiful memories in
his childhood came flooding (flood)in.
Ⅱ.语篇填空
Last Sunday, 1. shopping (shop) in the
supermarket,I met my friend Jane,who lived in
the same community as me. After getting what we
wanted,we headed home. On the way back,we
saw a big fallen tree 2. lying (lie)on the road.
3. Considering (consider) it might cause some
trouble,we decided to move it away. With some
passersby 4. helping (help)us,we succeeded
in moving it away. 5. Seeing (see)what we had
done,many people applauded warmly.
请同学们认真完成练案[6
]
Section Ⅲ Listening and Talking,
Reading for Writing
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1. vt.装扮;假扮;掩盖 n.伪装;化
装用具
2. vt. & vi.(使)洒出;(使)溢出
3. n.眼泪;泪水
4. n.绝望 vi.绝望;感到无望
5. n.力量;威力
6. n.收入;收益
7. prep.每;每一
8. adv.因此;所以
(),-
1. harm n. & vt.伤害;损害→ adj.有害
的→ adj.无害的
2. flexible adj.灵活的;可变通的→
n.灵活性;弹性→ adv.灵活地;易
曲地
3. tension n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑→
vt.(使肌肉)拉紧;绷紧adj.担心的;紧张的
(./*
1. 从前
2. 在……中间
3. 撞到……
4. (跌倒后)爬起来
5. 被……绊倒
6. 一瘸一拐地走
7. 流着泪;含着泪
8. 思考做某事
9. 抱怨……
10. 尝试做某事
11. 处于绝望中
12. 自言自语
13. 竭尽全力地;全力以
赴地
14. 大量
15. 成功做某事
16.
属于
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单元评价
Ⅰ. 1. of in / within beyond from to 2. that of to
3. in on / upon on 4. as / to be to of 5. for for out of 在
这/各方面
Ⅱ. 1.毕竟;别忘了 2.对……感激 3.聚在一起 4.不管;尽
管 5.利用;欺骗;占……的便宜 6.除……之外 7.远近;四
面八方 8.值得
Ⅲ. 1.主动 被动 2.之前 3.之后 4.令人……的 5.形容
性质 状态
Ⅳ. 1. no matter how 2. with businesses taking advantage of the
celebrations 3. feeling really tired
UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
阅读理解
1. His sympathy for the childrens fate.
2. They were Jewish,under the control of the Nazis,and Nicholas
saved them.
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking,
Reading and Thinking
自主预习
Ⅰ. 1. virtue 2. precious 3. entrust 4. hire 5. faraway
6. decade 7. passive 8. accident 9. whisper 10. midnight
11. import 12. export 13. bite
Ⅱ. 1. illustration illustrator 2. marry married 3. major
4. complaint 5. response 6. scholar 7. physical physically
physics 8. rejection 9. appointment appointed 10. election
11. tendency 12. publisher 13. retirement retired 14. scared
scary 15. sharpen sharply 16. insure 17. energy energetically
18. replacement 19. operate operator 20. assistant assistance
21. memorize memorable
Ⅲ. 1. a look into the heart of 2. carry sb. through sth.
3. tuition fees 4. would rather do 5. graduate from 6. in need of
7. at times 8. play a key role 9. tend to do sth. 10. care for
11. be responsible for 12. treat. . . as. . . 13. be known as. . .
14. in ones lifetime 15. be / lie dying 16. first aid 17. pass away
18. in memory of 19. whisper sth. into ones ear
Ⅳ. 1. nothing is more precious than their life 2. Id rather stay single
to study all my life 3. to be appointed because of the war 4. was
known as having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime
Ⅴ.一、Paras. 1 ~ 6 CDFABE
二、1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. C
要点探究
核心词汇
1.①out ②forward ③through ④I hope that I can have a good
command of English and carry on conversations with foreigners
fluently.
2.①in ②believe ③majority ④was polluted ⑤the majority of
people you will meet
3.①about / of ②complaint ③She takes up all the housework,
but she never complains.
4.①to ②response ③in ④“I will never do that again,mum,”
he responded with tears of regret in his eyes.
5.①to take ②appointment ③appointed ④He has promised
that he will come to my birthday party. I am sure he will not break
the appointment. ⑤ I was appointed as chairman of Student
Union.
6.① is tending ② tendency ③Whenever he participates in an
important competition,he tends to / has a tendency to be nervous.
7.①of ②scary of ③was scared to death
8.①Replacement ②be replaced ③You can use milk in place
of / instead of cream in this recipe.
9.①My daughter whispered to me that she loved me. ②“Its
amazing!”Jack whispered in awe. ③ Peter whispered,with
tears silently rolling down his face.
10.①in / with ②in / with ③to return ④assistance
重点句型
1.①more important ②more inspiring ③have never seen a better
one ④ health is the most important thing nothing is more
important than health
2.①to come ②to help ③to know the truth ④to deal with
⑤to thank you for
随堂达标
Ⅰ. 1. complaining 2. scholarship 3. illustrate 4. precious
5. dilemma 6. marriage 7. majority 8. tendency 9. sharpened
10. response
Ⅱ. 1.(1)寓意 (2)照顾 (3)(因伤)退出(比赛) 2.(1)B
(2)A (3)D (4)C
Ⅲ. 1. delivered 2. deeply 3. girls 4. to be hired 5. Having
worked 6. further 7. when 8. in 9. was appointed 10. a
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
语法精讲
1.①running ②patting ③doing ④found a lovely kid standing
2.①noting ② leaving ③ telling ④Time permitting,we will
visit the Great Wall. ⑤Seeing those pictures,she remembered
her childhood.
语法精练
Ⅰ. 1. Seen 2. Having prepared 3. wondering 4. lying 5. being
6. flooding
Ⅱ. 1. shopping 2. lying 3. Considering 4. hel
ping 5. Seeing
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