Unit 3 Back to the Past Extended reading & Project知识点课件-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册

UNIT 3 Back to the past Section D Extended reading &Project Lead-in Talk about the following pictures. But nobody ate their breakfast:at that moment there was a huge crashing sound from above.The ship shook violently and the men looked at each other in horror.Above their heads,hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles.They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor.The scream of their engines was deafening.As bombs thundered all around,clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.Russell felt his blood freeze,but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck.Moments later,a bomb hit the USS Arizona and Russell was thrown more than 100 meters across the ship.He suffered serious burns on his hands,arms and legs,and watched many of his friends die. Read the article about the attack on Pearl Harbor. It was Sunday,December 7,1941.As usual,the wake-up call came at 5:45 a.m.The men aboard the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed their eyes.Seaman Russell Warriner was awakened by Quartermaster Louis Conter.Russell made his bed and helped clean the huge,shared room.The men went to the washroom,dressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast.It looked like it would be a normal day on board the ship. Louis,meanwhile,also standing on the deck,was lucky not to be thrown into the sea.With only minor injuries,he was able to help others who were severely burnt and in terrible pain.After receiving the order to abandon ship,Louis saved more men from the water,dragging them into the lifeboat.In the chaos and confusion after the attack,the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis had been killed in the attack.Luckily,he was able to get in touch with them before the message arrived.Despite his remarkable actions Louis did not think that he was a hero."The heroes are the ones that gave their lives that day,"he said. Russell was saved from the water,but he was badly burnt,bleeding heavily.Fortunately,he was taken to hospital and survived.For many years,Russell refused to talk about what happened that morning,describing it simply as "hell".His wife Elsa said,"When he opened up later on,he always mentioned the horror of it." Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack,but they were fortunate enough to be among the few survivors from the Arizona.Nobody had expected the bombing.Japan had hatched a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor,so the attack began without warning and without declaring war on the United States.The attack destroyed nearly 20 American ships and over 180 airplanes.In total,more than 2,000 American people were killed and over 100 others were wounded that day.More than 1000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives.Out of 37 sets of brothers,Russell and his brother were the only full pain to survive the attack. The surprise attack came as a great shock to the whole nation.The next day President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech in which he described December 7 as "a date which will live in infamy"and asked that the US Congress declare war on Japan.In response to the attack and the president's address,the United States joined the Second World War. Today,the USS Arizona lies where it sank:in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.Its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge,which crosses the ship's sunken remains.Each year,more than two million people visit the memorial.They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor,to learn about the attack,to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace.Although about eight decades has passed,the attack on Pearl Harbor,one of the darkest episodes in American history,will never be forgotten. Time Event Before the attack As usual,the wake-up call came at 5:45 a.m.The men aboard the warship USS Arizona went to the washroom,dressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast. During the attack Hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles and dropped bombs on Pearl Harbor, and one hit the USSArizona from above.Clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.Russell was severely injured.Louis helped the injured ones and saved more men from water even after receiving the order to abandon ship.Russell was saved and survived. After the attack The surprise attack caused a lot of deaths and losses of ships and airplanes.The day after the attack,the US Congress declared war on Japan,which meant that the United States joined the Second World War. Now Today,the USS Arizona lies where it sank and its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge.Each year,more than two million people visit the memorial.People will never forget the attack on Pearl Harbor,one of the darkest episodes in American history. A Complete the table below with the information from the article. B Why should we never forget the attack on Pearl Harbor? We should never forget the attack on Pearl Harbor because it is a reminder of the horror of war. Many lives are lost in wars.Families are torn apart and those who survive wars are often left with injuries to their bodies or their minds.The traumas of war make it difficult for them to live a normal life after experiencing things so frightening like bombs thundering,things being destroyed, and people struggling.Furthermore,the attack on Pearl Harbor should be a reminder that maintaining peace throughout the world is the only way this kind of tragedy would never happen again. Language points 1 The men aboard the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed their eyes. 美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰上的人们伸了伸懒腰，揉了揉眼睛。 aboard prep.&adv. 在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等) We went aboard. 我们上了船。 He was already aboard the plane.他已经登机了。 The plane crashed,killing all 157 passengers aboard. 飞机坠毁，飞机上157名乘客全部遇难。 The train is about to leave.All aboard! 火车即将离站，请所有乘客上车! 【拓展】 board v. 上(船、火车、飞机、公共汽车等) The ship was boarded by customs officials.海关官员登上了这艘船。 Passengers are waiting to board. 乘客们正在候机。 词块背诵 welcome us aboard 迎候我们登机 aboard the space station 在太空站上 aboard the plane 登 机 辨析 aboard,board, abroad 与broad aboard prep.&adv.在(车、船、飞机、火车等)上；上(车、船、飞机、火车等) go aboard 上船(飞机、火车等) board v.上(船、火车、飞机等);寄宿n.木板；膳食；董事会 on board 在船(飞机、火车)上 abroad adv.在国外；到国外 go abroad 出国 at home and abroad 国内外 broad adj. 广阔的，宽阔的；广泛的 a broad river 一条宽阔的河 完成句子 (1)Nobody is allowed aboard the plane/to board the plane ( 登 机 ) without a security check. (2)Ijumped_ aboard the boat (上小船)and we set off for the island. 辨析填空：aboard/abroad/board/broad (3)A broad valley opened up leading to a high flat plateau. (4)The books about Harry Potter are very popular now,both at home and abroad . (5)They said goodbye to him as he got aboard the train at the station. (6)When all the people were on board ,the boat bore away. 2 The ship shook violently.….船体猛烈摇晃 …… violently adv. 猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地 She shook her head violently.她拼命摇头。 【 拓 展 】 (1)violent adj.暴力的，粗暴的；强烈的，猛烈的 Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies.不应允许儿童看暴力电影。 (2)violence n.暴力，暴行 The judge said that it was not legal to attack other people with violence. 法官说用暴力攻击别人是不合法的。 词块背诵 by/with violence用暴力 do sb.violence 对某人施暴 单句语法填空 (1)They are violently (violent)opposed to the idea. (3)She had a_ violent (violence)quarrel with the rude man. (2)A lot of viewers complained that there was too much violence (violent)in the film. 3 They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. 它们正俯冲下来，将炸弹投向珍珠港。 dive vi.&n. (1)vi. 俯冲；跳水；潜水 搭配 diveforb 、, 扑进，躲进，钴研，理头于 We dived into the river to cool off. 我们一头跳进河里，凉快一下。 The goalkeeper dived for the ball. 守门员一个鱼跃向球扑去。 The main purpose of his holiday to Greece was to go diving.他到希腊度假的主要目的就是去潜水。 (2)n. 冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 搭配：make a dive for向.....扑去，潜水寻找 The plane made a dive to a lower altitude.飞机俯冲到较低高度。 单句语法填空 (1)When chased by the police,the thief tried to escape by diving (dive)into a river. (2)The submarine dived (dive)just in time to avoid the enemy attack. (3)As she dived into the pool,the water felt deliciously cool on her skin. 4As bombs thundered all around.… 四周炸弹发出轰隆隆的声音 …… thunder vi. 轰隆隆地响；打雷 n. 雷，雷声 The train thundered through the small station.火车轰隆隆地驶过那个小站。 The sky grew dark and it started to thunder.天色变暗，开始打雷了。 With thunder and lightning, it was raining cats and dogs.雷电交加，雨倾盆而下。 词块背诵 thunder and lightning 雷电交加 a clap of thunder一声霹雳 单句语法填空 (1)The train thundered (thunder)past,shaking the whole house. (2)There was a _clap of thunder and it started to pour with rain. 5 Russell felt his blood freeze.…. 拉塞尔感到自己的血液都凝固了 … . … freeze vi.&vt.(froze,frozen) 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵 The smile froze on her lips. 她脸上的笑容僵住了。 It's so cold that even the river has frozen. 天气冷得河都封冻了。 Two men froze to death/were frozen to death on the mountain. 有两个男人在山上冻死了。 【拓展】 (1)freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 It's freezing in here!I'm freezing!这儿冷得不得了!我要冻僵了! (2)frozen adj.结冰的，冻僵的，冷冻的；吓呆的 He put one hand up to his frozen face.他抬起一 只手放在他冻僵的脸上。 She stared at him, frozen with shock. 她惊呆了，直瞪着他。 词块背诵 freeze to death/be frozen to death 冻 死 a frozen pond 冰冻的池塘 freezing cold 极为寒冷 be frozen with 因…....而呆住 单句语法填空 (1) She froze (freeze)when the beam of the flashlight struck her. (2) It was freezing (freeze)as we walked home last night. (3)The earth would be a frozen (freeze)ball if it were not for the radiant heat of the sun. (4)As he spoke,he stopped suddenly,frozen with terror. (5)Water freezes (freeze)at 0℃. 6 Louis,meanwhile,also standing on the deck,was lucky not to be thrown into the sea. 与此同时，路易也站在甲板上，就幸运得多，他并没有被甩到大海里。 meanwhile adv.同时；其间；对比之下(=meantime) 搭配：in the meanwhile/meantime 在此期间；与此同时 Mother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the house. 妈妈去买东西，与此同时，我打扫房子。 Please find a taxi,and in the meanwhile I'll pack some food. 请找辆出租车，同时我打包一些食物。 完成句子 I hope to go to medical school. In the meanwhile/meantime (在此期间),I am going to study chemistry. 7...Louis saved more men from the water,dragging them into the lifeboat. ……路易又从水里救上来更多的人，将他们拖到救生艇上。 drag vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动；过得很慢 Tdrag by 过得很慢；拖沓地进行 搭配 8e 大 ， 特 中 按 出 The last few weeks of the summer really dragged by.夏天最后的几个星期过得真是慢啊。 There's no telling how long the talks could drag on.谁也说不准谈判还会拖多久。 I managed to drag myself out of bed. 我总算硬撑着从床上爬了起来。 单句语法填空 (1)Pick the chair up instead of dragging (drag)it behind you! (2)The first half of the movie was interesting but the second half. dragged (drag)on. (3)He tried to drag himself out of the situation of despair. 8 In the chaos and confusion after the attack... 在袭击之后的混乱中 …… chaos n.混乱，杂乱 搭配：in chaos 混乱；纷乱 The house was in chaos after the party.聚会后，房子里一片狼藉。 词块背诵 cause traffic chaos 造成交通混乱 单句语法填空 If a school doesn't have any rules to manage its students,the whole school will be in chaos. 9...but he was badly burnt,bleeding heavily. … … 但是他严重烧伤，大量出血。 bleed vi.(bled,bled) 失血，流血 搭配： bleed to death 流血而死 If left alone,the dog would slowly bleed to death.如果不去管它，狗会慢慢流血而死。 His head had struck the sink and was bleeding.他的头撞到了洗涤池上，正在流血。 This results in internal bleeding.这导致了内出血。 单句语法填空 (1)Take a quick look to see if the victim is bleeding (bleed),and if there is a pulse. (2) Blood (bleed)was pouring out of a cut on her head 10 Japan had hatched a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor... 日本密谋了对珍珠港的偷袭 …… hatch vt. 密谋，策划；使孵出vi. 孵化；孵出 Have you been hatching up a deal with her?你是不是在和她密谋什么交易? Ten chicks hatched(out)this morning. 今早有十只小鸡出壳了。 词块背诵 hatch a plot 策划阴谋 hatch a plan 密谋计划 hatch(up)a deal 密谋交易 hatch eggs孵化鸡蛋 单句语法填空 (1)They met in a pub and hatched (hatch)a plot to steal an important document from the company. (2)Don't count your chickens before they are hatched (hatch). plot n.阴谋；故事情节 vi.&vt. 密 谋 The plot was discovered before it was carried out. 这个阴谋还未得逞就暴露了。 The book is well organized in terms of plot. 这本书的故事布局十分严谨。 词块背诵 uncover a plot 揭穿阴谋 plot to do sth. 密谋做某事 单句语法填空 (1) The plots (plot)of his books are basically all the same. (2)They're_ plotting (plot)to take over the company. 11 Today,the USS Arizona lies where it sank... 如今，美国"亚利桑那号"战列舰还位于当年沉船的位置 …. … where 引导地点状语从句 (1)where 引导地点状语从句，意思是“在 …....地方”。 We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 (2)where 引导地点状语从句与定语从句的区别： where 引导定语从句时，从句前有一个表 示地点的名词作先行词，而状语从句前则没有。 I walk into the canteen where students are eating.我走进了同学们正在吃饭的食堂。(定语从句) 指出从句的类型 (1)We arrived at his house,where we had dinner.定语从句 (2)He advised me to live where the air is fresh. 地点状语从句 (3)Keep it where you can see it. 地点状语从句 sink vi.&vt. (sank,sunk) 下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 The ship sank to the bottom of the sea. 船沉入海底。 The wheels started to sink into the mud. 车轮渐渐陷进泥里。 She sank back into her seat,exhausted.她筋疲力尽，又坐回椅子上。 The sun was sinking in the west.太阳西下。 词块背诵 the sinking sun 夕阳 sink in thought 陷入沉思 单句语法填空 (1)She sighed and sank (sink)into a chair,not knowing what to do. (2)The legs of the garden chair sank into _the soft ground. 12 Its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge.. . 一座形似桥梁的纪念馆横跨在沉船残骸上，标示出它的方位 …... memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等);纪念物adj. 纪念的，悼念的 The painting will be a lasting memorial to a remarkable woman. 这幅油画将成为对一位杰出女性的永久纪念。 A memorial service is being held in the square. 一场悼念仪式正在广场举行。 词块背诵 a war memorial战争纪念碑 a memorial statue 纪念像 单句语法填空 (1)The museum will serve as a memorial to _the millions who passed through Ellis Island. (2)The statue was built as a memorial to those who died in the war. 13 .…to pray for world peace.……为世界和平祈祷。 pray vi.&vt. 企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 搭配 pray for.… 祈祷 … . … ;企盼 … .. pray+that 宾语从句祈祷.... We're praying for good weather on Saturday. 我们十分企盼星期六是个晴天。 I prayed that nobody would notice my mistake.我祈祷没人注意到我的错误。 词块背诵 pray to be forgiven 祈求宽恕 单句语法填空 (1)He spent his time in prison praying (pray)and studying. (2)During the holidays,some people would visit temples to pray for happiness, wealth and health. 15 Machine designs were reformed and the textile output increased considerably. 机器设计进行了改革，纺织品产量大幅度提高。 reform vt.&.n. (1)vt. 改进，改良，改革；悔改 His proposal that the system should be reformed was rejected. 他提的关于改革体制的建议被拒绝了。 (2)n. 改革，改良 We should deepen the reform of educational system.我们应该深化教育体制改革。 Our society calls for reforms in various areas. 我们的社会需要各方面的改革。 词块背诵 social/political reform 社会/政治变革 reform and opening up改革开放 单句语法填空 (1)The government has given top priority to reforming (reform)the tax system. (2)All the people present at the meeting reached an agreement that the law needs reforming/to be reformed (reform). output n.产量，输出量 vt. 输 出 ( 反 义 词：input n.&vt. 输 入) She intends to have an output of one book a year.她计划每年出一本书。 Manufacturing output has increased by 8%.工业产量增长了8%。 词块背诵 data output 数据输出 an output device输出装置 单句语法填空 He started his computer by inputting (input)the password. 16 The shift from the cottage industry to the factory system.. 从家庭手工业向工厂制的转变 ….. shift n.,vi.&vt. (1)n. 改变，转移；轮班 The professor was unhappy about the shift in the focus of this debate. 教授对这场辩论焦点的转移很不高兴。 Are you on the night shift or the day shift? 你是上夜班还是白班? (2)vi.&vt. ( 使 ) 移 动 ， (使)转移；改变 搭配：shift from...to.. 从.....换到….... She shifted her weight from one foot to the other.她把身体的重量从一只脚换到另一只脚上。 词块背诵 on the day/night shift 上白/夜班 work in shifts 轮班工作 单句语法填空 (1)There has been a dramatic shift in public opinion towards peaceful negotiations. (2)Society's attitudes towards women have shifted (shift)enormously over the last century. (3)He shifted the case from one hand to the other. THE END $$