Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures(导学案)-【上好课】高一英语同步高效课堂（人教版2019必修第三册）

Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures导学案 原卷版 一、学习目标 语言能力 掌握本单元重点词汇，并能在情境中灵活运用。 理解并熟练运用不定式作定语和状语的用法。 学习能力 能辨别不定式在句子中充当的成分。 学会分析和总结语法规则，提高学习策略。 文化意识 通过阅读文章了解中国航天史，激发探索太空的热情。 思维品质 能够用不定式描述自己的梦想及追求梦想的过程。 二、学习重难点 重点： 分辨不定式作定语和状语的用法，并说明其功能和意义。 通过阅读《中国的飞天梦》，总结不定式作定语和状语的规则。 完成典型习题，巩固知识点。 难点： 自主观察例句并总结规则。 在口头和书面表达中正确运用不定式作定语和状语。 三、学习资源 教材：人教版必修第三册 Unit 4 辅助材料：课件PPT、练习题 四、学习过程 Step 1：词汇学习与练习 词汇精讲 学习本单元重点单词，掌握其用法和拓展意义。 示例： explore (v.) 探索 → exploration (n.) 探索 launch (v.) 发射 → launch vehicle 运载火箭 词汇练习 完成课件中一词多义和熟词生义的练习。 拓展填词 独立完成课件中句子填空，并与同伴核对答案。 Step 2：语法学习与探究 引入 听英文歌曲《Someone you Loved》，观察歌词中不定式的用法。 思考：不定式在句子中充当什么成分？ 结构与定义 回忆不定式的结构和基本用法。 示例： to do (肯定式) / not to do (否定式) 不定式作定语： （1）不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示将要发生的动作。 The weather will be sunny in the days to come. 接下来的几天会是晴天。 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 （2） 不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 He has no pen to write with.他没有钢笔写字。 （3）中心词是序数词、形容词最高级、the last/the only/the next 或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 He was the only one to finish the task on time. 他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。 （3）抽象名词 time, way, reason, excuse, promise, attempt, chance, courage, opportunity, ability 等后以及不定代词 something,nothing,little 等后常用不定式作定语。 A subway is an effective way to solve traffic problems in a big city. 地铁是解决大城市交通问题的有效方法。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 温馨提示：不定式作定语时，如果句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式使用主动式表示被动。试比较： Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么东西要买吗？ （不定式to buy的动作执行者是you） Have you got anything to be bought? 你有什么要（我或别人）买的吗？（不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”，因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语）。 【即学活用】语法填空 1.The airport __________________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.   2.Do you have anything _________(do) tonight?   3.The best way ______________(improve) your English is to join an English club.   不定式作状语： 1.动词不定式在句中作状语， 主要用来修饰动词和形容词， 也可用来修饰副词。在句中， 不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等， 可表示目的、原因及结果等。 1）作目的状语 有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in order (not) to do，和so as (not) to do结构（so as to do不可以置于句首）。 2）作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常与learn, find, see, hear, make等动词连用。 不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构： ① so/such… as to do ② enough to do ③ only to do （常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果） ④ too … to do 3）原因状语 ① I was very sad to hear the news. 萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。 4）条件状语 How can you catch the train to start so late? 要是这么晚动身，你怎么能赶得上火车呢？（表示条件） He must be a fool to say so. 他那么说可能是个傻瓜。 You will do well to speak more carefully. 要是说得详细的话，你会做得很好的。 温馨提示：现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别 （1）动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。 Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit. (2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。 His father passed away, leaving him a little money. 不定式作状语 规则： 表目的：He studies hard to pass the exam. 表结果：She woke up only to find everyone gone. 表原因：I was sad to hear the news. Step 3：巩固练习 Task 1.Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box. 1. The space shuttle （航天飞机） was created as a reusable launch vehicle （carry）astronauts and other equipment into space and back again. The shuttle looks like an ordinary plane but it has a cargo bay that is large enough （hold）a satellite. 2. Space probes are often sent to places that are too far away or too dangerous for a human （set） foot in. For example, in 1977, the Voyager 1 space probe was sent (take) pictures of the planets Saturn and Jupiter. 3. The International Space Station was too big (build) on Earth and into space, so different countries worked together and built about 100 modules （分离舱）. Afterwards, these modules were joined together in space (provide) living quarters, laboratories, and other equipment for astronauts for months. 4 .As the first woman (select) to make a trip into space, Tereshkova felt lucky and proud. When the great day finally came, she was almost too excited (fall) asleep. Task 2：语法填空 1. Having finished her project, she was invited _______(speak) by the school to the new students. 2. I was advised (take) more exercise and eat less sugar. 3. That eight-year-old boy was made ______(work) day and night by the cruel boss. 4. Passengers are permitted (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 5. Simon made a big bamboo box _______(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly. 6 __________(work out) the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.   7 ______(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 8. He hurried to the station only (find) the train had left. 9. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)We travel on Day 2 to northern France ______(visit) the World War Ⅰ battlefields.   10.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad (find) them alive.   Step 4：自我评价 能运用评价表进行自我评价。 Things I can do Scores I can read and write the new words and expressions. 5 3 1 I can use the new words and expressions to make  sentences flexibly. 5 3 1 I can identify Infinitives serving as the  Attribute & Adverbial. 5 3 1 I can summarize the functions of Infinitives serving as the  Attribute & Adverbial 5 3 1 Step5 课后作业 Assignment 1. Complete the exercise 2-4 on P81. 2. You are the hero who came back from Mars. Try to write a diary based on your experience (80-100 words). Write at least two sentences using infinitives. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures导学案 解析版 一、学习目标 语言能力 掌握本单元重点词汇，并能在情境中灵活运用。 理解并熟练运用不定式作定语和状语的用法。 学习能力 能辨别不定式在句子中充当的成分。 学会分析和总结语法规则，提高学习策略。 文化意识 通过阅读文章了解中国航天史，激发探索太空的热情。 思维品质 能够用不定式描述自己的梦想及追求梦想的过程。 二、学习重难点 重点： 分辨不定式作定语和状语的用法，并说明其功能和意义。 通过阅读《中国的飞天梦》，总结不定式作定语和状语的规则。 完成典型习题，巩固知识点。 难点： 自主观察例句并总结规则。 在口头和书面表达中正确运用不定式作定语和状语。 三、学习资源 教材：人教版必修第三册 Unit 4 辅助材料：课件PPT、练习题 四、学习过程 Step 1：词汇学习与练习 词汇精讲 学习本单元重点单词，掌握其用法和拓展意义。 示例： explore (v.) 探索 → exploration (n.) 探索 launch (v.) 发射 → launch vehicle 运载火箭 词汇练习 完成课件中一词多义和熟词生义的练习。 拓展填词 独立完成课件中句子填空，并与同伴核对答案。 Step 2：语法学习与探究 引入 听英文歌曲《Someone you Loved》，观察歌词中不定式的用法。 思考：不定式在句子中充当什么成分？ 结构与定义 回忆不定式的结构和基本用法。 示例： to do (肯定式) / not to do (否定式) 不定式作定语： （1）不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示将要发生的动作。 The weather will be sunny in the days to come. 接下来的几天会是晴天。 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 （2） 不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 He has no pen to write with.他没有钢笔写字。 （3）中心词是序数词、形容词最高级、the last/the only/the next 或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 He was the only one to finish the task on time. 他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。 （3）抽象名词 time, way, reason, excuse, promise, attempt, chance, courage, opportunity, ability 等后以及不定代词 something,nothing,little 等后常用不定式作定语。 A subway is an effective way to solve traffic problems in a big city. 地铁是解决大城市交通问题的有效方法。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 温馨提示：不定式作定语时，如果句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式使用主动式表示被动。试比较： Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么东西要买吗？ （不定式to buy的动作执行者是you） Have you got anything to be bought? 你有什么要（我或别人）买的吗？（不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”，因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语）。 【即学活用】语法填空 1.The airport __________________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.   2.Do you have anything _________(do) tonight?   3.The best way ______________(improve) your English is to join an English club.   答案：1. to be completed 2.to do 3.to improve 不定式作状语： 1.动词不定式在句中作状语， 主要用来修饰动词和形容词， 也可用来修饰副词。在句中， 不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等， 可表示目的、原因及结果等。 1）作目的状语 有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in order (not) to do，和so as (not) to do结构（so as to do不可以置于句首）。 2）作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常与learn, find, see, hear, make等动词连用。 不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构： ① so/such… as to do ② enough to do ③ only to do （常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果） ④ too … to do 3）原因状语 ① I was very sad to hear the news. 萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。 4）条件状语 How can you catch the train to start so late? 要是这么晚动身，你怎么能赶得上火车呢？（表示条件） He must be a fool to say so. 他那么说可能是个傻瓜。 You will do well to speak more carefully. 要是说得详细的话，你会做得很好的。 温馨提示：现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别 （1）动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。 Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit. (2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。 His father passed away, leaving him a little money. 不定式作状语 规则： 表目的：He studies hard to pass the exam. 表结果：She woke up only to find everyone gone. 表原因：I was sad to hear the news. Step 3：巩固练习 Task 1.Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box. 1. The space shuttle （航天飞机） was created as a reusable launch vehicle （carry）astronauts and other equipment into space and back again. The shuttle looks like an ordinary plane but it has a cargo bay that is large enough （hold）a satellite. 2. Space probes are often sent to places that are too far away or too dangerous for a human （set） foot in. For example, in 1977, the Voyager 1 space probe was sent (take) pictures of the planets Saturn and Jupiter. 3. The International Space Station was too big (build) on Earth and into space, so different countries worked together and built about 100 modules （分离舱）. Afterwards, these modules were joined together in space (provide) living quarters, laboratories, and other equipment for astronauts for months. 4 .As the first woman (select) to make a trip into space, Tereshkova felt lucky and proud. When the great day finally came, she was almost too excited (fall) asleep. 答案：Task 1： 1.to carry；to hold 2.to set；to take 3.to build；launch；to provide；to live 4. selected；to fall Task 2：语法填空 1. Having finished her project, she was invited _______(speak) by the school to the new students. 2. I was advised (take) more exercise and eat less sugar. 3. That eight-year-old boy was made ______(work) day and night by the cruel boss. 4. Passengers are permitted (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 5. Simon made a big bamboo box _______(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly. 6 __________(work out) the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.   7 ______(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 8. He hurried to the station only (find) the train had left. 9. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)We travel on Day 2 to northern France ______(visit) the World War Ⅰ battlefields.   10.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad (find) them alive.   答案：Task 2： 1. to speak 2.to take 3. to work 4. to carry 5. to keep 6. To work out 7. To learn 8. to find 9. to visit 10. to find Step 4：自我评价 能运用评价表进行自我评价。 Things I can do Scores I can read and write the new words and expressions. 5 3 1 I can use the new words and expressions to make  sentences flexibly. 5 3 1 I can identify Infinitives serving as the  Attribute & Adverbial. 5 3 1 I can summarize the functions of Infinitives serving as the  Attribute & Adverbial 5 3 1 Step5 课后作业 Assignment 1. Complete the exercise 2-4 on P81. 2. You are the hero who came back from Mars. Try to write a diary based on your experience (80-100 words). Write at least two sentences using infinitives. Sample Writing： Today, I returned from Mars, a journey beyond imagination. Landing on Mars was a dream come true. To explore its unknown terrains and to search for signs of life were my missions. The red planet was both desolate and fascinating. I collected rock samples, hoping to find clues about the planet's origin. Now back on Earth, I'm filled with a sense of pride. I can't wait to share my experiences and findings with the world, aiming to inspire the next generation of space explorers. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$