Unit4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures（课件）-【上好课】高一英语同步高效课堂（人教版必修第三册）

UNIT 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 人教版2019必修第三册 Contents Language points Lead in Discovering Useful Structures Self-evaluation Homework Learning Aims By the end of this class, you will be able to: learn to observe, distinguish and sum up the different usages of infinitives as the attribute and the adverbial by describing the facts about space and people’s efforts to explore space; learn to draw a mind-map to show the differences between infinitives as the attribute and the adverbial; learn astronauts’ amazing perseverant spirit after knowing people’s hardships to explore space. Language Points Language Points 词汇精讲 1. otherwise adv.否则；要不然 Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.(P42) 宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西都粘住，不然的话一切都会飘走。 I will try my best to do it. I would not make a promise otherwise. 我会尽全力去做的，否则我就不会作出承诺。 Language Points 词汇精讲 【词汇拓展】 (1)其用作副词，还有下列意义： ①“另外；别样”，相当于differently或in another way。 ②“相反地”，相当于in the other way或on the contrary。 ③“在其他方面；除此之外”，相当于in other/different ways。 (2)otherwise还可用作连词，意思为“否则；要不然”，相当于or, or else或if not。 通常用于“祈使句+otherwise+陈述句”的句型，意为“否则”，相当于or。 (3)otherwise作句子副词时,还常用于引起含蓄型虚拟语气句,表示如果某事没有发生，就会发生另一件事,该句谓语部分多用“would/could+have done”。 Language Points 词汇精讲 【迁移应用】 用所给词的适当形式填空 We’re committed to the project. We wouldn’t 　　　　　(be) here otherwise.  My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn’t 　　　　　　　 (afford) the trip last year.  be have afforded Language Points 词汇精讲 2. keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的；敏锐的 I’m very keen to know... (教材P43) 我很想知道…… He is keen to point out the benefits which the family network can provide. 他很热衷于指出家庭网络可以带来的好处。 Dogs have a keen sense of smell. 狗的嗅觉很灵敏。 Language Points 词汇精讲 【词汇拓展】 be keen on doing sth 热衷于做某事 be keen to do sth 热衷/渴望做某事 keenly adv. 热切地；敏锐地 keenness n. 热切；渴望 keenness for... 对……的渴望 keenness of... ……的敏锐 Language Points 词汇精讲 【迁移应用】 单句填空 There was a time when my daughter was keen 　　　 pop music.  The young player is keen 　　　　(win) a gold medal in the Olympic Games.  I will be looking for the crowd’s performance as 　　　　　(keen) as the team’s.  The only thing I could see in him was a certain keenness 　　 action.  on to win　 keenly for Language Points 词汇精讲 3. provide for sb 向某人提供生活所需 In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.(教材P44) 为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。 As long as you are able to work, you need to provide for yourself and your family. 只要能工作，你就得养活你自己和你的家人。 Language Points 词汇精讲 【词汇拓展】 provide v. 提供；供应；给予；规定 provide sb. with sth. 向某人提供某物 provide sth for sb. 向某人提供某物 provided (that)...=providing (that)... 倘若；在……情况/条件下 Language Points 词汇精讲 【迁移应用】 单句语法填空 The website provides students 　　　　 free information about how to choose a good college.  You should provide a qualified witness 　　　　 your application.  　　 　　　 (provide) that his plan was practical, the first thing we should do was to make people aware of the environmental problems.  My father provides 　　　 our family by working in an IT company.  with for Provided/Providing for Language Points 词汇精讲 4. attach vt. 系；绑；贴；附 While sleeping, they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.(教材P46) 睡觉时，他们必须把自己绑在某样东西上，以防止四处飘浮。 I attached a photo to my application form. 我把一张照片附到了申请表中。 Language Points 词汇精讲 【词汇拓展】 attach sth to...　　　 把某物连接到/附在…… attach oneself to 依附……；缠着…… attach importance/significance to... 重视；认为……重要/有意义 attached adj. 喜爱的；依恋的；附属的 be attached to 被连接到……；爱慕；附属于 attachment n. 附属，附着；依恋 Language Points 词汇精讲 【迁移应用】 单句填空 It is high time that the country should attach importance 　　　　　energy saving and environmental protection.  Across the stream, a man is trying to reach out on the edge of the bank for the fruit with a net 　　　　　(attach) to a pole.  To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to　　　　　(become) rich and famous.  The 　　　　　 (attach) of the new engine to the car only took a few minutes.  to attached　 becoming attachment Language Points 词汇练习 1. current Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly. The current money in China is Renminbi. We should try our best to go with the current of the times. With the current footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century,” Johnson said in an email. C B D A A. adj.现在的；当前的　B. adj. 流通的　C. n. 气流　D. n. 潮流 Language Points 词汇练习 2. otherwise Seize the chance, otherwise you won’t enjoy the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings. There was some music playing upstairs. Otherwise the house was silent. It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers. A. adv. 以其他方式　B. adv. 否则；要不然　C. adv. 除此以外 B C A Language Points 词汇练习 3. launch It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecrafts to the moon in the following year. The police have launched an investigation into the case, which has resulted in great concerns nationwide. A. 发射(卫星等)　 B. 创办；发行　 C. 发动，发起(运动、战役等) D. (新产品)投入市场 A C Language Points 词汇练习 3. launch The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993. After the launch of the products, they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high-efficient superior properties. A. 发射(卫星等)　 B. 创办；发行　 C. 发动，发起(运动、战役等) D. (新产品)投入市场 B D Language Points 词汇练习 4.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加颜色词汇的汉语意思 (1)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. (2)David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. 监视，监听 正常的；普通的 Language Points 词汇练习 4.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加颜色词汇的汉语意思 (3)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. (4)Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it. vt. 提出，提请考虑(想法或计划) 启动 Language Points 词汇练习 Mr Smith is (determine) to seek his fortune in the downtown area. The young man had a strong desire (earn) a living by himself soon after he graduated. He had to seek help from his colleagues for lack experience. All passengers board are required to fasten the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands. It was wise of him to admit what he had done, otherwise he _____________(get) into series of trouble. determined to earn of on would have got Lead in Lead in 语法观察 I need somebody to heal Somebody to know Somebody to have Somebody to hold It’s easy to say But it’s never the same I guess I kinda liked the way you numbed all the pain Discovering Useful Structures Infinitives serving as the Attribute & Adverbial 不定式作定语&状语 不定式回顾 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，由“to+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。 但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。 不定式结构 肯定式：to do sth. 否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：to be done 完成式：to have done 进行式：to be doing 探索发现 ...Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. Yuri Gagarin became the first person... who went into space. 探索发现 An astronaut must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. An astronaut must be intelligent enough so that he can... 探索发现 An astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. An astronaut... and calm in order that he can work in space. 探索发现 An astronaut should be trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. An astronaut... a long time in order that he can fly airplanes... 探索发现 An astronaut needs to be determined to realise his dream to explore space. An astronaut... to realise his dream which is to explore space. 探索发现 ...Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. An astronaut must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. An astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. An astronaut should be trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. An astronaut needs to be determined to realise his dream to explore space. 定语 状语 状语 定语 状语 观察下面句子，讨论斜体部分的意义及在句中所作的成分。 探索发现 不定式在句子 1& 5 的成分是作 _________________. 其中，to go 用来修饰__________________________；to explore 用来修饰_______________. 定语 ( attribute ) the first person his dream 不定式在句子 2, 3 & 4 的成分是作 __________________. 状语（adverbial） 探索发现 1.不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示将要发生的动作。 The weather will be sunny in the days to come. 接下来的几天会是晴天。 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 探索发现 2.不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 He has no pen to write with. 他没有钢笔写字。 探索发现 3.中心词是序数词、形容词最高级、the last/the only/the next 或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 He was the only one to finish the task on time. 他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。 探索发现 4.抽象名词time, way, reason, excuse, promise, attempt, chance, courage, opportunity, ability 等后以及不定代词something, nothing, little 等后常用不定式作定语。 A subway is an effective way to solve traffic problems in a big city. 地铁是解决大城市交通问题的有效方法。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，如果句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式使用主动式表示被动。试比较： Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么东西要买吗? (不定式to buy的动作执行者是you) Have you got anything to be bought? 你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗? (不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”，因此只 能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语) 温馨提示： 不定式作定语 【即学活用】语法填空 The airport __________________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.   Do you have anything _________(do) tonight?   The best way ______________(improve) your English is to join an English club.   to be completed to do to improve 不定式作状语 动词不定式在句中作状语，主要用来修饰动词和形容词，也可用来修饰副词。在句中，不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等，可表示目的、原因及结果等。 不定式作状语 We work hard to be admitted into a key university. 1.不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语时, 其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in order (not) to do，和so as (not) to do结构（so as to do不可以置于句首）。 不定式作状语 2.不定式作原因状语 原因状语, 多见于“sb. +be+ adj. +to do... ”结构句中。 I was very sad to hear the news. 听到这个消息我很难过。 不定式作状语 3.不定式作结果状语 多见于“too... to”；“enough to... ”；only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生)；so/such... as to(意为“如此……以至于……”)结构句中。 He rushed back, only to find the book missing. 他冲了回来，却发现书不见了。 不定式作状语 4.不定式作条件状语 How can you catch the train to start so late？ 要是这么晚动身，你怎么能赶得上火车呢？（表示条件） tell the differences 【名师点津】现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别 (1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。 Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit. (2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。 His father passed away, leaving him a little money. Practice Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box. The space shuttle (航天飞机) was created as a reusable launch vehicle astronauts and other equipment into space and back again. The shuttle looks like an ordinary plane but it has a cargo bay (货仓) that is large enough a satellite. attribute adverbial to carry to hold Practice Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box. Space probes (航天探测器) are often sent to places that are too far away or too dangerous for a human foot in. For example, in 1977, the Voyager 1 space probe was sent pictures of the planets Saturn and Jupiter. adverbial to set to take adverbial Practice Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box. The International Space Station was too big on Earth and into space, so different countries workedtogether and built about 100 modules (分离舱). Afterwards, these modules were joined together in space living quarters, laboratories, and other equipment for astronauts for months. to build launch to provide to live all as adverbials Practice Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box. As the first woman to make a trip into space, Tereshkova felt lucky and proud. When the great day finally came, she was almost too excited asleep. selected to fall adverbial Practice 【即学活用】语法填空 Having finished her project, she was invited ________(speak) by the school to the new students. I was advised _________(take) more exercise and eat less sugar. That eight-year-old boy was made _________(work) day and night by the cruel boss. Passengers are permitted _________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. Simon made a big bamboo box _________(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly. to speak to take to work to carry to keep Practice ___________(work out) the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.   ________(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. He hurried to the station only ______(find) the train had left. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)We travel on Day 2 to northern France ______(visit) the World War Ⅰ battlefields.   (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad ______(find) them alive.   To work out To learn to find to visit to find Practice Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. —Neil Armstrong A famous quote Self-evalution Self-evalution Things I can do Scores I can read and write the new words and expressions. 5 3 1 I can use the new words and expressions to make sentences flexibly. 5 3 1 I can identify Infinitives serving as the Attribute & Adverbial. 5 3 1 I can summarize the functions of Infinitives serving as the Attribute & Adverbial 5 3 1 Homework Homework You must: Complete the exercise 2-4 on P81. If possible: You are the hero who came back from Mars. Try to write a diary based on your experience (80-100 words). Write at least two sentences using infinitives. Task 1 Task 2 Sample Writing Today, I returned from Mars, a journey beyond imagination. Landing on Mars was a dream come true. To explore its unknown terrains and to search for signs of life were my missions. The red planet was both desolate and fascinating. I collected rock samples, hoping to find clues about the planet’s origin. Now back on Earth, I’m filled with a sense of pride. I can’t wait to share my experiences and findings with the world, aiming to inspire the next generation of space explorers. Thank you for your attention! $$