话题6 生活百科-【一战成名新中考】2025年中考英语·纯练版总复习·二轮方向性题型培优练优质课件PPT

英语 1 2 题型二 创新考法专练 语篇 分类练 话题6 生活百科 3 Passage 1[2024西安铁一中一模改编] Cave（洞穴） paintings are the oldest pictures. Some of them in the north of Spain are almost 30,000 years old. The paintings do not have written words. But when we look at them, we can get an idea of the feelings the people felt when they drew them. The paintings tell stories of hopes and fears. They are an early form of communication. 4 Sometime between 4,000 and 3,000 BC, people in Egypt and Mesopotamia developed the skill of writing. They engraved（雕刻） text on stones first. But it was impossible to carry stones from place to place. The invention of papyrus（纸莎草纸） allowed documents to be moved easily. Writing on papyrus made it easier to correct mistakes, too. When a scribe—the person who wrote the documents made a mistake, he needed to clean the ink off the papyrus quickly before it got dry and made his corrections! 5 People made the first book from papyrus and thin animal skins. Paper was invented in China as early as 105 AD. The world's oldest known printed book is from China, too. It was published on May 11, 868 AD. In Europe, books were written manually（手动地） until the 15th century when Gutenberg invented the printing press in Germany. Since then, many books have been published around the world. For many people, one of life's greatest pleasures is spending a few hours looking through the books. Books will be around for many years. But now some people prefer reading e-books. They are easier to take when you travel, and you can download them from the Internet. Now you can buy your books whenever you want without leaving your home. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类绘画和书写的发展历程， 从洞穴壁画到纸质书籍再到电子书的演变，展示了文字载体的演变过程。 8 1.What does the underlined word “scribe” mean in English?( ) A. Novelist. B. Paper-maker. C. Painter. D. Copyist. 【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文“the person who wrote the documents” 可知，scribe是指书写文件的人。novelist小说家；paper-maker造纸工； painter画家；copyist抄写员。故选D。 √ 9 2.段落匹配 Please match the paragraph headings with the paragraphs. （Paragraph 1=①） a. Books in the modern form b. The invention of books in China c. From the stones to the papyrus d. An early form of communication( ) A. ①-b, ②-a, ③-d, ④-c B. ①-b, ②-d, ③-c, ④-a C. ①-d, ②-a, ③-b, ④-c D. ①-d, ②-c, ③-b, ④-a √ 10 【解析】段落匹配题。根据第三段可知，第三段主要介绍了书在中国的发 明；根据第四段可知，第四段主要介绍了书籍在当代的形式，纸质的或是 电子的，可知第三段的主旨对应b.The invention of books in China （书籍在中国的发明），第四段的主旨对应a.Books in the modern form （书籍在现代的形式）。故选D。 11 3.写作手法 The passage is organized ___. A. in time order B. from specific to general C. in space order D. from general to specific 【解析】写作方式题。根据第一段“30,000 years old”，第二段“Sometime between 4,000 and 3,000 BE,”，第三段“105 AD”、“on May 11, 868 AD”和第四段“now”可知，全文是按时间顺序描写的。故选A。 √ 12 4.写作意图 What's the purpose of the passage?( ) A. To tell us the development of writing ways. B. To show us books as an invention in China. C. To introduce the modern forms of books. D. To tell people their favorite ways of writing letters. 【解析】写作意图题。这篇文章讨论了人类文字载体的演变，从最早的洞 穴壁画到现代电子书的发明。它涵盖了埃及和美索不达米亚的写作技巧的 发展，纸莎草文件的使用，中国纸张的发明，以及欧洲印刷机的发明。这 清晰地勾勒出了写作和阅读方式的发展，表明文章的目的是告诉我们写作 方式的发展。故选A。 √ 13 5.语篇类型 What is the text?( ) A. A private diary. B. A study. C. A news report. D. A book review. 【解析】语篇类型题。这篇文章讨论了人类书写方式的历史发展，从洞穴 壁画到电子书，分析了写作和阅读方式的演变。这表明它是对特定主题的 研究或分析，而不是私人日记、新闻报道或书评。故选B。 √ 14 Passage 2[2024江西] The Maori arrived in New Zealand from Polynesian（波利尼西亚） islands about a thousand years ago. They were the first people to live in New Zealand. 15 In the late 18th century, Europeans came to live in New Zealand. At that time, the population of the Maori was maybe 250,000 in New Zealand. Over the next one hundred years, wars and disease killed many Maori people. By the end of the 19th century, there were only about 40,000 Maori people left. During this time, the Maori also lost much of their land to the Europeans. Many of them were afraid that they might lose their traditions and language too, but this did not happen. Today the Maori population is increasing. There are about 500,000 Maori people in New Zealand. Most live like other New Zealanders, but they are keeping the Maori language and traditions alive. There are now Maori radio and television stations. Many schools teach in the Maori language. Nearly one half of Maori language speakers are 25 years old or younger. Maori culture is also alive and well. At the center of Maori culture is the “marae”. This is a special place for ceremonies and meetings. Today the number of marae in New Zealand is increasing. Many of the new marae are in the cities. Now people in the cities can meet and learn about their Maori traditions. Today most New Zealand cities have Maori festivals each year. Among festival activities are competitions in speaking, dancing and singing. Children practice for months. Then all the Maori in the area arrive to watch the competitions and see who wins. The Maori have gone through hard times. Today they live a comfortable, modern life. They keep their cultural traditions alive, because they have passed and are passing them on to their children. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了毛利人从古到今的发展历程 以及他们是如何保持和传承自己的文化。 19 1.When did the Maori first arrive in New Zealand?( ) A. Around 11th century. B. Around 14th century. C. Around 16th century. D. Around 18th century. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The Maori arrived in New Zealand from Polynesian （波利尼西亚） islands about a thousand years ago.”可知，毛利人大约一千年前从波利尼西亚来，今年是2024年， 所以大约是1024年，即11世纪。故选A。 √ 20 2.What happened to the Maori during the 19th century?( ) A. They owned more land. B. They lost their language. C. They left New Zealand. D. They had a smaller population. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“By the end of the 19th century, there were only about 40,000 Maori people left.”可知，到19 世纪末，只剩下大约4万毛利人，人口很少了。故选D。 √ 21 3.细节多选 How do the Maori keep their traditions alive? Check and choose the right answer. a. Increase the number of marae. b. Move to the center of New Zealand. c. Set up Maori radio and TV stations. d. Teach in the Maori language in many schools. e. Hold competitions in speaking, dancing and singing.( ) A. bcde B. abcd C. abde D. acde √ 22 【解析】细节多选题。根据第三段“Today the Maori population is increasing…Many schools teach in the Maori language.”可知，现今毛 利人的人口正在增加，大多数人像其他新西兰人一样生活，但他们保留了 毛利语言和传统，现在有毛利人的广播电台和电视台。许多学校用毛利语 教学。结合第五段“Today most New Zealand cities have…in speaking, dancing and singing.”可知，如今，新西兰的大多数城市每年都有毛利人 的节日。节日活动中有演讲、舞蹈和歌唱比赛。所以小选项acde是毛利人 保持传统的行为。故选D。 23 4.What's the theme of the passage?( ) A. Art. B. Culture. C. Travel. D. Technology. 【解析】主题推断题。本文主要讲述了毛利人从古到今的发展历程以及他 们是如何保持和传承自己的文化，与文化相关。故选B。 √ 24 5.文章结构 What would be the best structure of the passage?( ) A. B. C. D. 【解析】文章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一、二两段介绍毛利人古时的 情况，第三、四、五段介绍毛利人现在的情况，第六段进行总结。故选C。 √ 25 Passage 3[2024温州外国语学校一模改编] You see a snake while hiking! Your heart is racing, your hands feel like ice, and you breathe faster to take in more air. You are experiencing an important emotion: fear. 26 Some scientists believe we are born with fear: the fear of falling and loud sounds. But we learn most fear. We are scared of snakes after a certain experience, like being bitten, or seeing other people bitten by a snake. Another way to learn fear is from the spoken words or written notes. We may not know that a snake is scary, until our parents say snakes are dangerous. The same goes for the alligators（鳄鱼）. What's more, fear can be catching. When we see our friends cry, we will be influenced by them. But where does fear come from? It starts in a part of the brain called the amygdala（杏仁核）. The amygdala receives what we see, hear or smell and finds out how much it stands out to us. It then tells the heart to beat faster and the body to sweat. Another part of the brain called the hippocampus（海马体） is closely connected with the amygdala. It helps the brain read the possible danger and find out whether the danger is real. Seeing a lion in the wild can cause strong fear, but the sight of the same lion at a zoo only brings us fun and the thought that the lion is cute. This is because the hippocampus is telling us there's no need to worry about it. So, we feel less afraid when signals from the hippocampus overpower the amygdala. Actually, no one is fearless. Brave people still feel fear like everyone else—the difference is in how they handle it. People who work in dangerous jobs, like firemen, learn to manage their fear by practicing. In this way, they can act automatically in dangerous situations, although they might be really scared at that time. They are also able to quiet their fear because they believe they have the knowledge to solve the problem. Fear is a natural human emotion that we all experience. We should learn about it and live with it. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类产生恐惧感的生理 原因和心理原因，并强调了如何理解和应对恐惧情绪。 30 1.How many ways to learn fear are mentioned in the passage?( ) A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“We are scared of snakes…spoken words or written notes.”和“What's more, fear can be catching.”可知， 有三种方式。故选C。 √ 31 2.How does the hippocampus work in our brain?( ) A. It helps us calm down. B. It tells our hearts to beat faster. C. It records the fear we experience. D. It collects the information around. 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，海马体帮助我们冷静下 来。故选A。 √ 32 3.图片理解 Which animal is not mentioned in the passage?( ) A. B. C. D. 【解析】图片理解题。第一段提到“snake蛇”，第二段提到“alligator短吻 鳄”，第三段提到“lion狮子”，全文未提及豹子。故选C。 √ 33 4.文章结构 What is the structure of the passage?( ) A. B. C. D. 【解析】文章结构题。第一段引出主题，第二段接着介绍恐惧的来源，第 三段和第四段介绍恐惧的产生及如何应对恐惧，最后一段进行总结。故选B。 √ 34 5.文章出处 In which part of a magazine can you probably read this passage?( ) A. Art. B. Animals. C. History. D. Research. 【解析】文章出处题。文章详细描述了恐惧的生理机制、大脑如何应对恐 惧以及人们如何应对恐惧，这明显是一个科学研究的主题,故可能出现在 杂志的研究板块。故选D。 √ 35 $$