专题1 名词-【一战成名新中考】2025年中考英语·纯练版总复习·二轮方向性题型培优练优质课件PPT

英语 1 2 词语运用题型是全国中考的主流题型，主要考查词汇、语法在语篇理 解中的运用，综合能力较强，是中考中的易失分题型。词语运用在全国中 考中考查形式多样，主流形式有以下3种： 1.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。常见考点有：名词、动词、形容词、 副词、代词和数词； 2.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空+盲填。适当形式的考点与上面1的考点 相同。盲填考点主要为：冠词、介词和连词。其中，“7+3”的考查形式为 高考题型，也是新中考改革主流题型； 3 3.方框选词（用方框中所给词的适当形式填空）：此类考点多以可变形的 名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和数词为主，也会涉及不变形的冠词、 介词和连词的考查。 4 各考点具体考查角度如下： 考点 考查角度 名词 名词的数 ①区分可数名词和不可数名词； ②可数名词复数 名词所有格 ① 's； ② s' 词性转换 ①名词→名词； ②名词→形容词 5 考点 考查角度 动词 谓语动词 ①动词原形（一般现在时主语是除第三人称单数 外的其它形式、助动词/情态动词之后、祈使句 中）； ②动词的第三人称单数； ③过去式； ④现在分词（现在进行时、过去进行时）； ⑤过去分词（现在完成时、被动语态） 非谓语动词 动词不定式（不定式作宾语、宾补及目的状语） 词性转换 ①动词→名词； ②动词→形容词 6 考点 考查角度 形容词/ 副词 原形 形容词/副词原形 比较等级 ①形容词/副词比较级； ②形容词/副词最高级 词性转换 ①形容词→副词； ②形容词→名词 代词 ①人称代词主格→宾格、物主代词、反身代词； ②物主代词→反身代词 7 考点 考查角度 数词 ①基数词→序数词； ②基数词原形； ③序数词原形 冠词 主要以考查a，an，the的基本用法为主,偶尔也会涉及固定搭配 介词 多为固定搭配，也会涉及时间介词、方位介词和方式介词等其 他介词的用法 连词 并列连词and，but为主，少量考查从属连词，较少涉及宾语从句 及定语从句关系词 8 题型一 词语运用 语法专项突破 专题一 名词 9 用所给/选名词的适当形式填空主要有4个考向。解答此类名词填空试 题时，考生应首先根据句意与语境锁定所选词，具体要填哪种形式需要根 据所填词是否可数、空前和空后的修饰词、句中的谓语动词以及联系上下 文语境等来确定。各考向具体解题技巧如下： 解题技巧 10 考向1 填原形 填原形的情况下所填词按其性质可能为可数名词单数或不可数名词。 若符合语境的词本身为不可数名词，则不考虑变形直接填原形即可。判定 所给/选名词填单数的方法： 1.a/an/this/that/every/each/another/either/one/序数词/any other+可数名词单数； 2.可数名词单数（主语）+be动词单数形式/实义动词的单三形式； 3.结合上下文语境或句中对应的提示词，如：it, its； 4.专有名词或固定搭配中，如：the Great Wall，next door等。 11 考向2 变复数 1.these/those/普通不定代词（many/some/several/few/a few/both/all/other 等） /大于1的基数词/one of（+the+形容词最高级）/quite a few/a pair of/a couple of/a （great/large） number of/different kinds of/all kinds of/many of/some of+可数名词复数； 2.both/either/neither/all/none of+可数名词复数； 3.可数名词复数（主语）+be 动词复数形式/动词原形； 12 4.结合上下文语境或句中对应的提示词，如：they, them, their； 5.通常用复数或只有复数形式的名词：chopsticks筷子, clothes衣服, glasses 眼镜, scissors剪刀, socks袜子, trousers裤子; 6.大于1的基数词+men/women+可数名词复数，如：two women teachers； 7.个别集合名词形式为单数，但意义可表达复数概念，如：people, police, family等。 13 考向3 变所有格 1.与空格后名词是一种所属关系。如：a boy's voice, Jimmy's grandmother; 2.表示时间、距离、国家等无生命的词，且空格后是名词。如：China's development; 3.固定搭配或专有名词中，如：with the boy's help, Children's Day。 14 考向4 变形容词 1.位于名词前作定语； 2.位于be动词后作表语； 3.位于形容词短语中，其结构为：be动词+形容词+介词； 4.位于感官动词look, sound， smell，taste, feel和其他连系动词 seem, become, grow, get, turn, keep, remain之后； 15 5.位于复合不定代词后作后置定语； 6.位于定冠词the后表示一类人； 7.位于固定句型It is+adj.（+for/of sb.）+to do sth.和make/keep/leave+ sb./sth.+adj.中； 8.位于“形容词+and/or+形容词”结构中。 温馨提示：更多名词的具体用法扫码见资源库。 16 分类默写 名词单数→复数 类别1 1.boy→ ______ 2.day→ ______ 3.holiday→ _________ 4.key→ ______ 5.monkey→ _________ boys days holidays keys monkeys 17 6.toy→ _____ 7.way→ ______ 8.photo→ _______ 9.piano→ _______ 10.radio→ _______ 11.human→ _________ 12.stomach→ __________ 13.taxi→ ______ toys ways photos pianos radios humans stomachs taxis 18 类别2 1.actress→ _________ 2.address→ __________ 3.boss→ _______ 4.bus→ ______ 5.class→ _______ 6.dress→ ________ actresses addresses bosses buses classes dresses 19 7.box→ _______ 8.fox→ ______ 9.beach→ ________ 10.coach→ ________ 11.match→ _________ 12.sandwich→ ___________ 13.speech→ _________ boxes foxes beaches coaches matches sandwiches speeches 20 14.watch→ _________ 15.brush→ ________ 16.dish→ _______ 17.hero→ _______ 18.potato→ _________ 19.tomato→ _________ watches brushes dishes heroes potatoes tomatoes 21 类别3 1.activity→ _________ 2.baby→ _______ 3.body→ _______ 4.century→ _________ 5.city→ ______ 6.company→ ___________ 7.country→ __________ activities babies bodies centuries cities companies countries 22 8.diary→ _______ 9.dictionary→ ____________ 10.enemy→ ________ 11.factory→ _________ 12.family→ ________ 【注意：作“家人”讲时,没有复数形式】 13.hobby→ ________ 14.laboratory→ ____________ 15.lady→ _______ diaries dictionaries enemies factories families hobbies laboratories ladies 23 16.library→ _________ 17.memory→ __________ 18.party→ ________ 19.secretary→ ___________ 20.story→ _______ 21.strawberry→ ____________ 22.university→ ___________ libraries memories parties secretaries stories strawberries universities 24 类别4 1.leaf→ _______ 2.knife→ _______ 3.scarf→ _____________ 4.shelf→ ________ 5.wife→ ______ 6.wolf→ _______ leaves knives scarves/scarfs shelves wives wolves 25 类别5 1.man→ _____ 2.woman→ ________ 3.fireman→ ________ 4.fisherman→ __________ 5.gentleman→ ___________ 6.policeman→ __________ 7.policewoman→ _____________ 8.postman→ _________ men women firemen fishermen gentlemen policemen policewomen postmen 26 类别6 1.foot→ _____ 2.tooth→ ______ feet teeth 27 类别7 1.Chinese→ _________ 2.Japanese→ __________ 3.Englishman→ ____________ 4.Frenchman→ ___________ 5.American→ ___________ Chinese Japanese Englishmen Frenchmen Americans 28 6.Canadian→ ___________ 7.German→ __________ 8.Indian→ ________ 9.Italian→ ________ 10.Korean→ _________ 11.Russian→ _________ Canadians Germans Indians Italians Koreans Russians 29 类别8 1.child→ _________ 2.mouse→ ______ 3.deer→ _____ 4.sheep→ _______ children mice deer sheep 30 名词→形容词 类别1 1.cloud→ _______ 多云的 2.rain→ ______ 阴雨的；多雨的 3.snow→ _______ 下雪的 4.wind→ _______ 多风的 5.fog→ ______ 有雾的；多雾的 6.sun→ _______ 晴朗的 cloudy rainy snowy windy foggy sunny 31 7.health→ ________ 健康的 8.luck→ ______ 幸运的 9.salt→ ______ 咸的；含盐的 10.sleep→ _______ 困倦的；瞌睡的 11.wealth→ ________ 富有的 12.fun→ _______ 奇怪的；滑稽的;有趣的 13.ice→ ____ 覆盖着冰的；冰冷的 14.noise→ ______ 吵闹的 healthy lucky salty sleepy wealthy funny icy noisy 32 类别2 1.friend→ _________ 友好的 2.love→ _______ 可爱的 3.week→ ________ 每周的 4.month→ _________ 每月的 5.year→ _______ 每年的 6.day→ ______ 每日的；日常的 friendly lovely weekly monthly yearly daily 33 类别3 1.care→ ________ 小心的；细致的；精心的；慎重的 2.cheer→ _________ 欢呼的；喝彩的；高兴的 3.color→ ________ 颜色鲜艳的；丰富多彩的 4.harm→ _________ 有害的 5.help→ ________ 有用的；有帮助的 6.hope→ ________ 有希望的 7.joy→ _______ 高兴的；令人愉快的 8.meaning→ ___________ 有意义的 careful cheerful colorful harmful helpful hopeful joyful meaningful 34 9.pain→ ________ 令人痛苦的；令人疼痛的 10.peace→ _________ 和平的；安宁的 11.power→ _________ 有力的；强大的 12.shame→ __________ 丢脸的；可耻的 13.success→ __________ 获得成功的；有成就的 14.use→ _______ 有用的；有益的 15.wonder→ ___________ 精彩的；绝妙的 16.beauty→ _________ 美丽的；漂亮的 painful peaceful powerful shameful successful useful wonderful beautiful 35 类别4 1.care→ ________ 粗心的；不小心的 2.harm→ _________ 无害的 3.help→ ________ 无助的 4.home→ _________ 无家可归的 5.hope→ _________ 无望的；绝望的 6.meaning→ ____________ 毫无意义的；意思不明确的 7.use→ _______ 无用的；无价值的 careless harmless helpless homeless hopeless meaningless useless 36 类别5 1.education→ ____________ 教育的；有教育意义的 2.environment→______________ 自然环境的；生态环境的 3.music→ ________ 音乐的；有音乐天赋的 4.nation→ _________ 国家的；民族的 5.person→ _________ 个人的；私人的 6.tradition→ ___________ 传统的；惯例的 7.culture→ _________ 文化的；与文化有关的 8.nature→ ________ 自然的 educational environmental musical national personal traditional cultural natural 37 9.center/centre→ ________ 中心的；中央的 central 类别6 1.danger→ ___________危险的；不安全的 2.humour→ __________幽默的；滑稽有趣的 dangerous humorous 39 类别7 1.gold→ _______ 金色的；金制的 2.wood→ ________ 木制的；木头的 3.east→ ________ 东方的；东部的 4.west→ ________ 西方国家的；（尤指）欧美的；西方的 5.south→ _________ 南方的；南部的 6.north→ _________ 北方的；北部的 golden wooden eastern western southern northern 40 类别8 1.confidence→ __________ 有信心的；自信的 2.convenience→ ___________ 便利的；方便的 3.difference→ _________ 不同的；有差异的 4.importance→ __________ 重要的 5.independence→ ____________ 独立的 6.patience→ ________ 有耐心的 7.silence→ ______ 不说话的；沉默的 confident convenient different important independent patient silent 41 类别9 1.Africa→ ________ 非洲（人）的 2.America→ __________ 美国（人）的；美洲的 3.Asia→ _______ 亚洲（人）的 4.Australia→ ___________ 澳大利亚（人）的 5.Britain→ ________ 英国（人）的 African American Asian Australian British 42 6.Canada→ __________ 加拿大（人）的 7.China→ _________ 汉语的；中国（人）的 8.England→ ________ 英格兰的；英语的 9.Europe→ __________ 欧洲（人）的 10.France→ ________ 法国（人）的；法语的 11.Germany→ _________ 德国的；德语的；德国人的 12.India→ _______ 印度（人）的 Canadian Chinese English European French German Indian 43 13.Italy→ _______ 意大利（人）的 14.Japan→ __________ 日本的；日本人的；日语的 15.Korea→ ________ 朝鲜（人）的；朝鲜语的；韩国（人）的；韩语的 16.Russia→ _________ 俄罗斯（人）的；俄语的 17.Spain→ _________ 西班牙（人）的；西班牙语的 Italian Japanese Korean Russian Spanish 44 类别10 1.death→ ______ 死的；失去生命的 2.fool→ _______ 愚蠢的 3.height→ ______ 高的 4.hunger→ ________ 饥饿的 5.medicine→ ________ 医疗的；医学的 6.pride→ _______ 自豪的；骄傲的 7.science→ _________ 科学上的；科学的 8.truth→ _____ 真的；符合事实的 dead foolish high hungry medical proud scientific true 45 名词→名词 1.art→ ______ 艺术家 2.tour→ _______ 旅行者；观光者 3.violin→ _________ 小提琴家 4.piano→ ________ 钢琴家 5.science→ _________ 科学家 6.music→ _________ 音乐家 artist tourist violinist pianist scientist musician 46 7.magic→ __________ 魔术师 8.birth→ _________ 生日 9.class→ __________ 同班同学 10.friend→ ___________ 友谊；友情 11.law→ _______ 律师 12.office→ _______ 军官；官员 magician birthday classmate friendship lawyer officer 47 微语境 专练 Ⅰ.用括号中所给名词的适当形式填空 1.[2024福建]It is a good ______（habit）to do some reading before you go to bed every day. 2.[2024 成都]For a shy student, it takes ___________ （confident） to give a speech in class. 3.[2024云南]I like traveling because I can meet some ___________ （interest） people and things along the way. habit confidence interesting 48 4.[2024遂宁]Qi Jiguang is one of the greatest national _______（hero） in China. We will remember him forever. 5.[2024宜宾]Tony can see things more clearly now with this pair of _______（glass）. 6.[2024 广安]Boys and girls, you'd better take off your ________ （jacket）. It's hot on the train. 7.[2024云南改编]Lisa joined an English club to improve her speaking ______（skill）. heroes glasses jackets skills 49 8.[2024天津和平区三模改编]The cooking apps offer useful ____________ （instruction） that we can follow step by step. 9.[2024天津和平区三模改编]Tom and Jerry is a __________（humor） cartoon and people around the world like watching it. instructions humorous 10.[2024泰州附中三模改编]An English-Chinese dictionary is a book that gives a list of English words in order and explains their __________ （meaning） in Chinese. meanings 50 11.[2024江苏泰兴实验中学三模改编]Mike checked the websites of many famous ___________（university） in order to find out which is the best one for him to attend. universities 12.[2024泰州高新区三模改编]The students are encouraged to create paintings based on _______（value） such as love, respect and kindness. 13.Western people eat with knives and forks while Chinese people use ___________（chopstick）. values chopsticks 51 14.[2024扬州广陵区期末]The people who are more confident have more ________（chance） to make themselves successful. 15.Foreigners are attracted by the _______（photo） of Chinese fans and they want to buy some as gifts. 16.[2024上海嘉定区一模]When autumn comes, _______（leaf） slowly turn from green to yellow and red. 17.[2023宁波]We help the farmers near our school to pick _________ （tomato） every year. chances photos leaves tomatoes 52 18.Paper cutting is one of the most popular traditions in China. People usually make it by using some tools, such as scissors, paper and _______ （knife）. knives 19.My grandfather often uses some old _______（box） to make model planes for me. 20.[2024江苏常州期末]Birds are the natural ________（enemy） of many insects. 21.[2024上海杨浦区一模]Several people made _________（speech） to congratulate the new couple at the wedding. boxes enemies speeches 53 22.Don't forget to take a rest from a long time of studying or physical _________（activity） when necessary. 23.Tim got four _____（toy） from his friends on his birthday. He was very happy. 24.Xu Mengtao's perfect performance showed the spirit of Chinese ________（woman）. 25.Everyone should brush their ______（tooth） before going to bed. 26.Looking after these noisy _________（child） is never an easy job. activities toys women teeth children 54 27.Scientists used to believe that people fed cats to catch ______（mouse） and protect the food. mice 28.Bread to Westerners is just like rice to most _________（Chinese）. 29.Look! There are three ___________（Frenchman） under the tree. 30.John Smith often looks through the news about _______（music） to know what's on in the concert. Chinese Frenchmen music 31.The government plans to add more green spaces to improve our living _____________（environment） like building over 400 pocket parks by 2025. environment 55 32.Sun Wukong, or Monkey King, learned to be very good at _______ （magic） and fighting. 33.In my opinion, some waste can be recycled to save _______ （energy）. 34.Can you give me some _______（advice） on how to overcome my shyness? 35.[2024上海黄浦区二模改编]We can often see some _______（people） feed homeless cats and dogs in our community. magic energy advice people 56 36.My mother told me that people here made their living by raising _______（sheep） and cows in the past. 37.Last summer holiday I helped my grandmother feed _________ （chicken） in her village. 38.In order to keep healthy, Jim usually eats some vegetables and _____ （fish）. 39.This weekend my father and I went fishing at the bank of the pool. At last, we got eight _____（fish）. sheep chickens fish fish 57 40.We offered to look after our ___________（neighbor） dog when she was away. 41.My parents took me to the amusement park on ___________（child） Day. There were so many exciting things to do there. 42.The bank is not far from here. It's only about three _________ （minute） walk. 43.We plan to put on a show to celebrate __________（teacher） Day to express thanks to them. neighbor's Children's minutes' Teachers' 58 44.He took down the _________（winner） name after hearing the result of the match. 45.Jack is a good friend of my ________（father）, and he often comes to our home for a visit. 46.People in Wuwei, a capital in ancient times, are very _______（pride） of their city's long history. 47.In China, spring is a ___________（wonder） season to enjoy beautiful flowers. winner's father's proud wonderful 59 48.Lily is always _________（friend） to other people, so everyone likes her. 49.If you want to be __________（confidence）, you should talk with others bravely in public. 50.If you want to keep ________（health）, you should often do exercise. 51.Love gives meaning to life as without love life is ____________ （meaning）. friendly confident healthy meaningless 60 52.The word was clearly wrong but he didn't pick it out. It showed how ________（care） he was. 53.The meeting is trying to get the message across to young people that drugs are ___________（danger）. careless dangerous 61 Ⅱ.用根据方框中所给词的适当形式填空 Group 1 student science tradition dish umbrella 1.I want to be a great _________ to help human beings solve difficult problems. 2.Dumplings are ___________ Chinese food and they are deeply loved by many people. scientist traditional 62 3.Nancy, please take your _________ with you to school. It's raining heavily. 4.I often help my mother do the _______ after dinner because I think doing housework is also my duty. 5.Knowledge can help open up _________ eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life. umbrella dishes students' 63 Group 2 importance sun bridge attention hour 1.I like _______ days because I can play sports outside. 2.It's one _______ ride from my home to the history museum. 3.If you want to have a healthy body, I think keeping a balanced diet is very __________. 4.Suzhou is very attractive with different kinds of ancient ________. 5.The girl's beautiful pronunciation caught our _________ in yesterday's English speech competition. sunny hour's important bridges attention 64 Group 3 symbol customer art chore silence 1.Please turn off your radio, and we should keep ______ in the library. 2.Picasso, a famous European ______, had a great influence on art in the 20th century. 3.Shopkeepers should always meet ___________ needs because they are very important. 4.People all over the world love pandas, and the panda has become a ________ of China. 5.I think he should do a few _______ to make his mother relaxed. silent artist customers' symbol chores 65 $$