Unit 4 Weather and our lives 【B卷·培优卷】-2024-2025学年六年级英语下册单元速记·巧练（沪教版五四学制2024）

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 4 Weather and our lives 【B卷·培优卷】 （紧贴新教材单元主题） 一、单项选择 1．There’re so many books. ________ will take me a long time to read them all. A．They B．These C．It D．Those 2．When a typhoon is coming, we _____ park our cars on the road. A．should B．shouldn’t C．may D．needn’t 3．In the past, bus conductors collected money ________ the passengers. A．of B．to C．with D．from 4．The shark is one of the ________ in the sea. A．more dangerous animal B．most dangerous animals C．more dangerous animals D．most dangerous animal 5．Yesterday, Kitty and Ben ________ their kites ________ in the gentle wind. A．fly. . .happily B．flew. . .happily C．fly. . .happy D．flew. . .happy 6．What ________ our school life ________ in the future? A．will; like B．does; like C．will; be like D．is; like 7．You needn’t wear ________ uniform after you leave your school. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 8．The oceans are very important ________ both humans and animals. A．for B．in C．to D．of 9．A: You’d better give up smoking. It’s bad for your health. B: ________ A．That’s all right. B．Thank you for your advice. C．I’m afraid you must. D．Anything else? 10．If there ________ no rain, fish and sea animals ________. A．has; will die B．will be; die C．is; will die D．is; die 11．In the past, ________ of the bus drivers were women. ________ of them were men. A．none... Most B．none... All C．all... None D．some... Most 12．—What would you like to eat? —I’d rather ________ some pizza. A．to have B．have C．having D．had 13．— ________ have you learned English? —For 5 years. A．How often B．How far C．How long D．How soon 14．Please help me ________ the classroom ________. A．keep...cleaning B．keeping...clean C．for keeping...clean D．keep...clean 15．We can save water ________ our teeth under a ________ tap. A．by brushing...running B．by brushing...run C．by not brushing...run D．by not brushing...running 二、选词填空 根据短文内容, 从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空, 使语意通顺完整。 A．beautiful      B．snow       C．late      D．everywhere      E.cold It’s cold, but it is also 16 . Perhaps (也许) after a few dark mornings, the student wakes up (醒来) one day and there is a lot of light (光线) in his room. He thinks,“Is it so 17 ?” and jumps out of bed. But it is not very late. He looks out of the window and there is snow on the trees, on the houses, on the cars and 18 . The light of his room comes from clean, beautiful 19 . 三、单词拼写 20．The (hot) from the fire made me step back. 21．Jack sometimes (celebration) his birthdays with his friends. 22．Daniel felt sad because he did (badly) than his classmates. 23．I have a piece of good (news) for you. 24．It’s (cloud) today, so we can’t see the beautiful moon tonight. 25．It’s quite (wind) in autumn in Shanghai these years. 26．This restaurant is always (close) on Wednesdays. 27．He ran away immediately and (appearance) in the dark. 四、完成句子 28．She sometimes plays outside when it is sunny.（改为一般疑问句） she sometimes outside when it is sunny? 29．It is four kilometres from my home to the city centre.（对画线部分提问） is it from your home to the city centre? 30．Walking to school is good exercise. (改为同义句) good exercise to school. 31．Jim doesn’t work as hard as his brother.（保持句意基本不变） Jim’s brother than Jim. 32．The 19th, in, an extreme heatwave, the UK, saw, July, of (连词成句) . 五、阅读理解 In our country different (不同的) places have different weather. In Heilongjiang, the weather is always very cold in winter and hot in summer. But in Hainan, the weather is very warm in winter and also very hot in summer. Kunming is a city in Yunnan. It is a spring city. It is warm all the time in Kunming. In London, the weather changes very often. You can see a sunny day in the morning, and then a rainy or a cloudy day one or two hours later. So people often talk about weather in London. They often talk to you, “if (如果) you don’t like the weather, it doesn’t matter. It will change in a minute.” Now people can do many things about the weather. People can get more information about the weather change. When it is very dry in spring or summer, people can make rain. It’s called man-made weather. We wish we can do more about the weather one day. 33．In Hainan, it is ________ in winter. A．warm B．cold C．hot D．cool 34．What is the main idea (主要意思) of Paragraph 1? A．People like different weather. B．It is always warm in Kunming. C．It’s cold in Heilongjiang. D．The weather is different in different places. 35．The underlined word “changes” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________ in Chinese. A．保留 B．变化 C．交流 D．提供 36．Why do people in London often talk about weather? A．Because the weather changes very often. B．Because the weather is good. C．Because people are free. D．Because people like sunny days. 37．You can read the text in the part of ________ in a newspaper. A．science B．sports C．geography D．art 六、完形填空 More accurate forecasts 38 weather forecasts have become more reliable, there is still a need for greater accuracy. Better forecasts could save industries across the world many billions of dollars each year. Better frost predictions, for example, could save fruit growers millions of dollars each year. Fruits such as oranges are very vulnerable to frost—they die in cold, wet weather. With more accurate frost forecasts, fruit farmers could plant when they know the tender seedlings (幼苗) wouldn’t be 39 by frost. More accurate rain forecasts would enable farmers to plan timely irrigation schedules and avoid floods. Imperfect weather forecasts 40 construction companies to waste both time and money. A construction foreman might call his crew in to work, only to have it rain when the crew can’t work. A (n) 41 cold weather could ruin a freshly poured concrete foundation (混凝土地基). Power companies would also benefit from accurate forecasts. They adjust their systems when they expect extreme temperatures because people will use their air conditioning more on these days. If the forecast predicts a hot, humid day and it turns out to be cool, the power company 42 money. The extra electricity or gas it bought doesn’t get used. Responding to such 43 , meteorologists are working to develop new tools and new methods that will improve their ability to forecast the weather. 38．A．As B．Unless C．After D．Although 39．A．saved B．killed C．planted D．grown 40．A．encourage B．enable C．push D．cause 41．A．unexpected B．predicted C．accurate D．timely 42．A．saves B．loses C．gets D．makes 43．A．information B．weather C．needs D．money 七、短文填空 在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 The US National Weather Service says that over 100 million Americans are recently being affected (影响) by extreme heat. People are struggling (挣扎) to deal with d 44 heat waves. In many places, the temperatures are far above normal for this time of year, and governments are working hard to protect their people from the worst effects of the heat. The NWS has encouraged people in these areas to stay i 45 if they don’t need to go out. The heat wave began over the weekend in the West and Southwest. Places like Arizona, Nevada, and Colorado saw temperatures h 46 than 100°Fahrenheit (F) [38°Celsius (C)]. The New York Times reported that 27 areas matched or beat their highest temperatures ever. Governments in many large cities have set up (设立) “cooling centers” to give people a p 47 to escape the high temperatures. And the hot temperatures are likely to stay here. Forecasts s 48 that above-average temperatures are favored across the southern U. S. through the end of July, meaning more heat waves are on the way. 八、任务型阅读 The traditional Chinese solar calendar (日历) divides the year into twenty-four solar terms (节气). Minor Snow (小雪), the 20th solar term of the year, begins on November 22 this year. Here are a few things you should know about Minor Snow. Wearing hats and scarves In China, starting in Minor Snow, the wind blows (吹；刮) from the northeast a lot. Many people do not wear hats or scarves yet. In fact, according to an old Chinese saying, “the head is the place where all passages of the body gather”. It’s necessary (必要的) to wear hats and scarves to keep one’s head warm. Drinking soup During Minor Snow, the air in the houses is dry and most people may find their nose and mouth feel a bit dry. This will cause (导致) “inner heat” in one’s body. The key is to drink more hot soup. Eating rice cake In some areas of South China, people eat rice cakes around Minor Snow. In ancient times (在古代), rice cakes were a traditional festival offering (祭品) to the bull god (牛神). Making pickled (腌制) vegetables and pork After Minor Snow, because of low temperature (温度) and dry air. It is the best time to start making preserved pork (腊肉), which by the Chinese Spring Festival would be ready to enjoy. The people in Yancheng, Jiangsu province, have welcomed Minor Snow with making pickled vegetables. In addition (此外), we like to eat hot and spicy (辣的) food to keep warm. However, it’s not wise to eat much spicy food because that will increase inner heat. This year’s Minor Snow is coming. Wish you to be surrounded by (被……包围) a life full of warmth. 49．When does Minor Snow begin this year? 50．How do people keep head warm in Minor Snow? 51．What is the key to avoid (避免) causing “inner heat”? 52．Where do people eat rice cakes around Minor Snow? 53．What do you think of eating spicy food during Minor Snow? (请自拟一句话作答) 九、书面表达 54．Write at least 50 words on the topic “Seasonal activities”（以“季节性活动”为主题，写一篇不少于50词的短文，标点符号不占格） 人们要保持健康，除了规律的作息和健康的饮食，根据季节特点合理开展活动也必不可少。学校现向各班级学生布置线上打卡作业，请根据你日常生活中的实际情况，谈一下你在不同季节的活动，内容可包括但不限于： 1.具体活动的名称； 2.是否有同行伙伴； 3.日常活动的频率； 4.参与活动的动机。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第2页，共7页 试卷第1页，共7页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 4 Weather and our lives 【B卷·培优卷】 （紧贴新教材单元主题） 一、单项选择 1．There’re so many books. ________ will take me a long time to read them all. A．They B．These C．It D．Those 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有这么多书。读完它们要花我很长时间。 考查形式主语的用法。They他/她/它们；These这些；It常做形式主语；Those那些。句子中“will take me a long time to read them all”需要一个形式主语，通常用“it”来指代后面的不定式短语“to read them all”。故选C。 2．When a typhoon is coming, we _____ park our cars on the road. A．should B．shouldn’t C．may D．needn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当台风来临时，我们不应该把车停在路上。 考查情态动词。A. should应该；B. shouldn’t不应该；C. may可能；D. needn’t没必要。根据句意和常识，可知台风来时是不该把车子停在路边，故选B。 3．In the past, bus conductors collected money ________ the passengers. A．of B．to C．with D．from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：过去，公共汽车售票员向乘客收钱。 考查介词辨析。of属于……的；to到；with和；from来自。根据选项和题干可知，本题应使用短语collect sth. from sb.“从某人处收集某物”。故选D。 4．The shark is one of the ________ in the sea. A．more dangerous animal B．most dangerous animals C．more dangerous animals D．most dangerous animal 【答案】B 【详解】句意：鲨鱼是海洋中最危险的动物之一。 考查形容词最高级的用法。“one of the+最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”。dangerous的最高级为most dangerous。故选B。 5．Yesterday, Kitty and Ben ________ their kites ________ in the gentle wind. A．fly. . .happily B．flew. . .happily C．fly. . .happy D．flew. . .happy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天，凯蒂和本在微风中愉快地放风筝。 考查时态及副词用法。根据“Yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以动词应使用过去式，fly是动词原形，其过去式是flew，排除A、C；分析句子结构可知，第二空应用副词，修饰前面的动词flew，happy是形容词，其副词形式是happily，排除D，故选B。 6．What ________ our school life ________ in the future? A．will; like B．does; like C．will; be like D．is; like 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的学校生活在未来会是什么样子呢？ 考查一般将来时。根据“in the future”可知，句子应用一般将来时，其谓语结构为：主语+will+动词原形。在what引导的特殊疑问句中，will位于疑问词what后，排除B和D；be like “像……”。故选C。 7．You needn’t wear ________ uniform after you leave your school. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你离开学校后不必穿校服。 考查冠词的用法。a不定冠词，泛指一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，泛指一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表示特指；/表示不用冠词。此处泛指一件校服，应用不定冠词，“uniform”是辅音音素开头的单词，因此应用“a”。故选A。 8．The oceans are very important ________ both humans and animals. A．for B．in C．to D．of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：海洋对人和动物都非常重要。 考查介词辨析。for为了；in在……里面；to向，朝，对于；of……的。be important for sb. (to do sth.)“（做某事）对某人很重要”，强调做某事对某人的重要性，后面要加to do；be important to sb.“对某人很重要”，强调对某人很重要的东西，故此处用介词to。故选C。 9．A: You’d better give up smoking. It’s bad for your health. B: ________ A．That’s all right. B．Thank you for your advice. C．I’m afraid you must. D．Anything else? 【答案】B 【详解】句意：A：你最好戒烟。它对你的健康有害。B：谢谢你的建议。 考查情景交际。That’s all right.没关系；Thank you for your advice.谢谢你的建议；I’m afraid you must.恐怕你必须（那样做）；Anything else?还有其他的吗？根据“You’d better give up smoking. It’s bad for your health.” 可知，前者在劝后者戒烟，是提出建议，后者应该对前者表示感谢。故选B。 10．If there ________ no rain, fish and sea animals ________. A．has; will die B．will be; die C．is; will die D．is; die 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果没有雨，鱼和海洋动物就会死亡。 考查there be与条件状语从句。根据“If there… no rain,”可知，该句是there be句型，rain为不可数名词，if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，因此第一空填is，第二空填一般将来时“will die”。故选C。 11．In the past, ________ of the bus drivers were women. ________ of them were men. A．none... Most B．none... All C．all... None D．some... Most 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在过去，公交车司机中没有一个是女性。所有的公交车司机都是男性。 考查代词辨析。none（三者或以上）都不；most大多数；all（三者或以上）都；some一些。根据常识和“In the past”可知，过去公交车司机没有女性，都是男性，第一空用none，第二空用All。故选B。 12．—What would you like to eat? —I’d rather ________ some pizza. A．to have B．have C．having D．had 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你想吃点什么？——我宁愿吃披萨。 考查动词短语。would rather do sth“宁愿做某事”，故选B。 13．— ________ have you learned English? —For 5 years. A．How often B．How far C．How long D．How soon 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你学英语多长时间了？——5年了。 考查由how组成的疑问词组。How often多长时间一次；How far多远；How long多长时间；How soon多久以后。根据答语“For 5 years.”可知，应是问多长时间，故应用how long。故选C。 14．Please help me ________ the classroom ________. A．keep...cleaning B．keeping...clean C．for keeping...clean D．keep...clean 【答案】D 【详解】句意：请帮我保持教室清洁。 考查非谓语动词和宾语补足语。根据选项和短语help sb. do/to do sth.“帮助某人做某事”可知，第一空应填keep；“keep sth.+形容词”意思是“保持某物……”，所以第二空应填形容词clean。故选D。 15．We can save water ________ our teeth under a ________ tap. A．by brushing...running B．by brushing...run C．by not brushing...run D．by not brushing...running 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们可以通过不在开着的自来水龙头下刷牙来节约用水。 考查介词短语和形容词的用法。by doing sth通过做某事；by not doing sth通过不做某事；run流动（动词）；running流动的（形容词）。根据选项和题干可知，此处表示我们可以通过不在开着的自来水龙头下刷牙来节约用水，故第一空填by not brushing；第二空填形容词running，用来修饰名词tap“水龙头”。故选D。 二、选词填空 根据短文内容, 从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空, 使语意通顺完整。 A．beautiful      B．snow       C．late      D．everywhere      E.cold It’s cold, but it is also 16 . Perhaps (也许) after a few dark mornings, the student wakes up (醒来) one day and there is a lot of light (光线) in his room. He thinks,“Is it so 17 ?” and jumps out of bed. But it is not very late. He looks out of the window and there is snow on the trees, on the houses, on the cars and 18 . The light of his room comes from clean, beautiful 19 . 【答案】16．A 17．C 18．D 19．B 【导语】本文主要描述了一位学生体会到、看到的雪景。 16．句意：天很冷，但也是很漂亮的。根据下文“there is snow on the trees, on the houses, on the cars”可知, 因下雪，到处覆盖雪，可推知这时很漂亮；且由“also”可知，空格处的词与前面的“cold”并列，应为形容词。故选A。 17．句意：天这么晚了？根据上一句“there is a lot of light in his room”可知，光线充足，这位学生觉得起晚了。 故选C。 18．句意：他看到窗外，树上、房子上、车上，到处都是雪。根据“there is snow on the trees, on the houses, on the cars”可知, 他看到窗外树上、房子上、车上都是雪，可见到处都是雪。故选D。 19．句意：房间的光亮来自干净、美丽的雪。根据“there is a lot of light in his room”和“there is snow on the trees, on the houses, on the cars”可知，房间的光亮来自窗外的白雪。故选B 三、单词拼写 20．The (hot) from the fire made me step back. 【答案】heat 【详解】句意：火中的热量让我后退了一步。这里需要填入一个名词，表示“火中的热量”。“heat”是名词，意为“热量”，在句子中作主语。故填heat。 21．Jack sometimes (celebration) his birthdays with his friends. 【答案】celebrates 【详解】句意：杰克有时和他的朋友庆祝他的生日。celebration“庆祝”，为名词，句子描述的是Jack经常性的动作，是一般现在时，主语是“Jack”，设空处缺动词celebrate“庆祝”，且需变为三单形式。故填celebrates。 22．Daniel felt sad because he did (badly) than his classmates. 【答案】worse 【详解】句意：丹尼尔感到难过，因为他的表现比同学差。根据“Duniel felt sad”和“than his classmates”可知，Daniel因为自己做得比同学差而感到伤心，空处应填副词badly的比较级worse。故填worse。 23．I have a piece of good (news) for you. 【答案】news 【详解】句意：有一个好消息要告诉你。news消息，是不可数名词，所以不需要变换形式。故填news。 24．It’s (cloud) today, so we can’t see the beautiful moon tonight. 【答案】cloudy 【详解】句意：今天多云，所以今晚我们看不到美丽的月亮。根据“It’s...”可知，空处填形容词作表语，cloud的形容词是cloudy，意为“多云的”。故填cloudy。 25．It’s quite (wind) in autumn in Shanghai these years. 【答案】windy 【详解】句意：这些年来，上海的秋天相当多风。wind是名词，空处作表语，应用形容词windy“多风的”。故填windy。 26．This restaurant is always (close) on Wednesdays. 【答案】closed 【详解】句意：这家餐厅星期三总是关门。这里描述餐厅周三的状态，应该用形容词closed，作表语。故填closed。 27．He ran away immediately and (appearance) in the dark. 【答案】disappeared 【详解】句意：他立刻跑掉了，消失在黑暗中。appearance“出现”，名词，根据“He ran away immediately and”可知，此处是说他消失在黑暗中，动词disappear“消失”符合语境，该句是一般过去时，and后的动词需保持一致，填过去式。故填disappeared。 四、完成句子 28．She sometimes plays outside when it is sunny.（改为一般疑问句） she sometimes outside when it is sunny? 【答案】 Does play 【详解】句意：她有时在晴天时在外面玩。改为一般疑问句，时态为一般现在时，主语为三单，使用助动词“does”来构成疑问句，动词用原形play。故填Does；play。 29．It is four kilometres from my home to the city centre.（对画线部分提问） is it from your home to the city centre? 【答案】 How far 【详解】句意：从我家到市中心有四公里。根据“four kilometres”可知，询问距离，用How far提问。故填How；far。 30．Walking to school is good exercise. (改为同义句) good exercise to school. 【答案】 It is to walk 【详解】句意：步行上学是很好的锻炼。原句主语为动名词Walking to school，可以改为用It作形式主语，动词不定式to walk to school作真正主语的形式。即It is good exercise to walk to school。故填It；is；to；walk。 31．Jim doesn’t work as hard as his brother.（保持句意基本不变） Jim’s brother than Jim. 【答案】 works harder 【详解】句意：吉姆不像他哥哥那样努力工作。换言之就是“吉姆的哥哥比吉姆更努力工作”。work hard“努力工作”，主语是第三人称单数，动词work用三单形式；此处是比较级，hard的比较级为harder。故填works；harder。 32．The 19th, in, an extreme heatwave, the UK, saw, July, of (连词成句) . 【答案】The 19th of July saw an extreme heatwave in the UK 【详解】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句的形式。分析所给单词，The 19th of July作时间主语，使用了拟人化的手法，saw作谓语， an extreme heatwave作宾语，in the UK作地点状语，说明热浪发生的地点。故答案为：The 19th of July saw an extreme heatwave in the UK“7月19日，英国遭遇了一场极端热浪”。 五、阅读理解 In our country different (不同的) places have different weather. In Heilongjiang, the weather is always very cold in winter and hot in summer. But in Hainan, the weather is very warm in winter and also very hot in summer. Kunming is a city in Yunnan. It is a spring city. It is warm all the time in Kunming. In London, the weather changes very often. You can see a sunny day in the morning, and then a rainy or a cloudy day one or two hours later. So people often talk about weather in London. They often talk to you, “if (如果) you don’t like the weather, it doesn’t matter. It will change in a minute.” Now people can do many things about the weather. People can get more information about the weather change. When it is very dry in spring or summer, people can make rain. It’s called man-made weather. We wish we can do more about the weather one day. 33．In Hainan, it is ________ in winter. A．warm B．cold C．hot D．cool 34．What is the main idea (主要意思) of Paragraph 1? A．People like different weather. B．It is always warm in Kunming. C．It’s cold in Heilongjiang. D．The weather is different in different places. 35．The underlined word “changes” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________ in Chinese. A．保留 B．变化 C．交流 D．提供 36．Why do people in London often talk about weather? A．Because the weather changes very often. B．Because the weather is good. C．Because people are free. D．Because people like sunny days. 37．You can read the text in the part of ________ in a newspaper. A．science B．sports C．geography D．art 【答案】33．A 34．D 35．B 36．A 37．C 【导语】本文介绍了有关天气的情况。 33．细节理解题。根据“But in Hainan, the weather is very warm in winter”可知，在冬天海南很暖和，故选A。 34．段落大意题。根据“In our country different (不同的) places have different weather”可知，本段主要是介绍不同的地方天气不同，故选D。 35．词义猜测题。根据“You can see a sunny day in the morning, and then a rainy or a cloudy day one or two hours later.”可知，伦敦的天气是变化无常的，所以单词“changes”指的是“变化”，故选B。 36．细节理解题。根据“In London, the weather changes very often. You can see a sunny day in the morning, and then a rainy or a cloudy day one or two hours later. So people often talk about weather in London.”可知，因为天气经常变化，所以人们经常谈论，故选A。 37．推理判断题。根据“In our country different (不同的) places have different weather.”可知，文章是谈论有关天气的情况，应该是报纸的地理板块，故选C。 六、完形填空 More accurate forecasts 38 weather forecasts have become more reliable, there is still a need for greater accuracy. Better forecasts could save industries across the world many billions of dollars each year. Better frost predictions, for example, could save fruit growers millions of dollars each year. Fruits such as oranges are very vulnerable to frost—they die in cold, wet weather. With more accurate frost forecasts, fruit farmers could plant when they know the tender seedlings (幼苗) wouldn’t be 39 by frost. More accurate rain forecasts would enable farmers to plan timely irrigation schedules and avoid floods. Imperfect weather forecasts 40 construction companies to waste both time and money. A construction foreman might call his crew in to work, only to have it rain when the crew can’t work. A (n) 41 cold weather could ruin a freshly poured concrete foundation (混凝土地基). Power companies would also benefit from accurate forecasts. They adjust their systems when they expect extreme temperatures because people will use their air conditioning more on these days. If the forecast predicts a hot, humid day and it turns out to be cool, the power company 42 money. The extra electricity or gas it bought doesn’t get used. Responding to such 43 , meteorologists are working to develop new tools and new methods that will improve their ability to forecast the weather. 38．A．As B．Unless C．After D．Although 39．A．saved B．killed C．planted D．grown 40．A．encourage B．enable C．push D．cause 41．A．unexpected B．predicted C．accurate D．timely 42．A．saves B．loses C．gets D．makes 43．A．information B．weather C．needs D．money 【答案】38．D 39．B 40．D 41．A 42．B 43．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了天气预报的准确性对各个行业的重要性，并指出提高预报准确性可以节省大量成本。 38．句意：尽管天气预报变得更加可靠，但仍需要更高的准确性。 As因为；Unless除非；After在……之后；Although尽管。根据“weather forecasts have become more reliable”和“there is still a need for greater accuracy”可知，前后分句为让步关系，即：虽然天气预报很准确，但是仍然需要更高的准确性，故选D。 39．句意：有了更准确的霜冻预报，果农就可以在知道幼嫩的幼苗不会被霜冻冻死的情况下进行种植。 saved拯救；killed杀死；planted种植；grown成长。根据“they die in cold, wet weather”可知，霜冻会导致幼苗死亡，故选B。 40．句意：不完美的天气预报会导致建筑公司浪费时间和金钱。 encourage鼓励；enable使能够；push推动；cause导致。根据“waste both time and money”可知，不完美的预报导致浪费时间和金钱，故选D。 41．句意：意外的寒冷天气可能会毁掉刚浇筑的混凝土地基。 unexpected意外的；predicted预测的；accurate准确的；timely及时的。根据“A construction foreman might call his crew in to work, only to have it rain when the crew can’t work.”可知，此处指意外的天气，故选A。 42．句意：如果天气预报预测当天天气炎热潮湿，但结果天气凉爽，电力公司就会亏钱。 saves节省；loses亏损；gets得到；makes赚钱。根据“The extra electricity or gas it bought doesn’t get used.”可知，电力公司会亏损，故选B。 43．句意：针对这些需求，气象学家正在努力开发新的工具和方法，以提高天气预报的能力。 information信息；weather天气；needs需求；money金钱。根据“improve their ability to forecast the weather”可知，气象学家是为了满足需求，故选C。 七、短文填空 在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 The US National Weather Service says that over 100 million Americans are recently being affected (影响) by extreme heat. People are struggling (挣扎) to deal with d 44 heat waves. In many places, the temperatures are far above normal for this time of year, and governments are working hard to protect their people from the worst effects of the heat. The NWS has encouraged people in these areas to stay i 45 if they don’t need to go out. The heat wave began over the weekend in the West and Southwest. Places like Arizona, Nevada, and Colorado saw temperatures h 46 than 100°Fahrenheit (F) [38°Celsius (C)]. The New York Times reported that 27 areas matched or beat their highest temperatures ever. Governments in many large cities have set up (设立) “cooling centers” to give people a p 47 to escape the high temperatures. And the hot temperatures are likely to stay here. Forecasts s 48 that above-average temperatures are favored across the southern U. S. through the end of July, meaning more heat waves are on the way. 【答案】44．(d)angerous 45．(i)nside 46．(h)igher 47．(p)lace 48．(s)how 【导语】本文介绍了美国受极端高温影响的现状及应对措施。 44．句意：人们正在艰难应对危险的热浪。根据“People are struggling to deal with...heat waves.”及首字母提示可知，人们在努力应对“危险的”热浪。此处是一个形容词，在句中作定语修饰“heat waves”，“dangerous”意为“危险的”符合语境，“dangerous heat waves”指“危险的热浪”。故填(d)angerous。 45．句意：美国国家气象局鼓励这些地区的人们，如果不需要外出，就待在室内。根据“The NWS has encouraged people in these areas to stay...if they don’t need to go out.”及首字母提示可知，此处是建议人们待在“室内”，“inside”表示“在里面，在室内”符合语境，故填(i)nside。 46．句意：像亚利桑那州、内华达州和科罗拉多州等地的气温高于100华氏度或38摄氏度。根据“Places like Arizona, Nevada, and Colorado saw temperatures...than 100°Fahrenheit (F) [38°Celsius (C)].”及首字母提示可知，句中表述这些地方的气温比100华氏度“还高”，此处表示比较，因此使用比较级，此处可以使用“high”的比较级形式“higher”，表示气温“高于”100华氏度。故填(h)igher。 47．句意：许多大城市的政府设立了“降温中心”，为人们提供一个躲避高温的地方。根据“Governments in many large cities have set up ‘cooling centers’ to give people a...to escape the high temperatures.”及首字母提示可知，句中提到很多大城市的政府设立了“降温中心”，目的是给人们一个“地方”躲避高温，此处使用“place”表示“地方”符合语境。故填(p)lace。 48．句意：预报显示，整个7月底，美国南部地区的气温都可能高于平均水平。根据“Forecasts...that above-average temperatures are favored across the southern U. S. through the end of July.”及首字母提示可知，句中表述预报“显示”高于平均温度的情况。本句时态为一般现在时态，此处是一个动词，在句中作谓语，可以使用“show”意为“显示，表明”，且主语“forecasts”为复数，谓语使用动词原形，故填(s)how。 八、任务型阅读 The traditional Chinese solar calendar (日历) divides the year into twenty-four solar terms (节气). Minor Snow (小雪), the 20th solar term of the year, begins on November 22 this year. Here are a few things you should know about Minor Snow. Wearing hats and scarves In China, starting in Minor Snow, the wind blows (吹；刮) from the northeast a lot. Many people do not wear hats or scarves yet. In fact, according to an old Chinese saying, “the head is the place where all passages of the body gather”. It’s necessary (必要的) to wear hats and scarves to keep one’s head warm. Drinking soup During Minor Snow, the air in the houses is dry and most people may find their nose and mouth feel a bit dry. This will cause (导致) “inner heat” in one’s body. The key is to drink more hot soup. Eating rice cake In some areas of South China, people eat rice cakes around Minor Snow. In ancient times (在古代), rice cakes were a traditional festival offering (祭品) to the bull god (牛神). Making pickled (腌制) vegetables and pork After Minor Snow, because of low temperature (温度) and dry air. It is the best time to start making preserved pork (腊肉), which by the Chinese Spring Festival would be ready to enjoy. The people in Yancheng, Jiangsu province, have welcomed Minor Snow with making pickled vegetables. In addition (此外), we like to eat hot and spicy (辣的) food to keep warm. However, it’s not wise to eat much spicy food because that will increase inner heat. This year’s Minor Snow is coming. Wish you to be surrounded by (被……包围) a life full of warmth. 49．When does Minor Snow begin this year? 50．How do people keep head warm in Minor Snow? 51．What is the key to avoid (避免) causing “inner heat”? 52．Where do people eat rice cakes around Minor Snow? 53．What do you think of eating spicy food during Minor Snow? (请自拟一句话作答) 【答案】49．On November 22. 50．By wearing hats and scarves./They wear hats and scarves. 51．The key is to drink more hot soup. 52．In some areas of South China. 53．I like to eat hot and spicy food to keep warm during Minor Snow./It’s not wise to eat much spicy food during Minor Snow. 【导语】本文主要介绍了小雪节气的一些习俗。 49．根据“Minor Snow (小雪), the 20th solar term of the year, begins on November 22 this year.”可知，从11月22日开始。故填On November 22. 50．根据“It’s necessary (必要的) to wear hats and scarves to keep ones head warm.”可知，通过戴帽子和围巾保持头部暖和。故填By wearing hats and scarves./They wear hats and scarves. 51．根据“The key is to drink more hot soup.”可知，关键是要多喝热汤。故填The key is to drink more hot soup. 52．根据“In some areas of South China, people eat rice cakes around Minor Snow.”可知，中国南方一些地区的人们在小雪时节吃年糕。故填In some areas of South China. 53．开放性题目，言之有理即可。参考答案为I like to eat hot and spicy food to keep warm during Minor Snow./It’s not wise to eat much spicy food during Minor Snow. 九、书面表达 54．Write at least 50 words on the topic “Seasonal activities”（以“季节性活动”为主题，写一篇不少于50词的短文，标点符号不占格） 人们要保持健康，除了规律的作息和健康的饮食，根据季节特点合理开展活动也必不可少。学校现向各班级学生布置线上打卡作业，请根据你日常生活中的实际情况，谈一下你在不同季节的活动，内容可包括但不限于： 1.具体活动的名称； 2.是否有同行伙伴； 3.日常活动的频率； 4.参与活动的动机。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Seasonal activities With the changing seasons, I enjoy engaging in different activities that connect me with nature and promote my health. In spring, I love going hiking with my friends. The blooming flowers and fresh air make every step enjoyable. We usually hike twice a week to explore new trails. In summer, swimming is my favourite. I often visit the local pool or beach with my family. We swim together almost every weekend, which keeps us fit. When autumn arrives, I like to go cycling in the park. The colourful leaves create a beautiful backdrop as I ride my bike. During winter, I take up indoor activities like yoga. It helps me stay active and relaxed despite the cold weather. These seasonal activities not only keep me fit but also allow me to appreciate the beauty of each season. 【详解】[总体分析]   ①题材：本文是一篇话题作文；   ②时态：时态为 “一般现在时”；   ③提示：围绕所给提示信息写作，适当添加细节，突出写作重点，可适当发挥。   [写作步骤]   第一步，开篇点题，表达自己喜欢随季节的变化参加不同的活动；   第二步，介绍自己在不同季节的活动；   第三步，总结全文。   [亮点词汇]   ①go cycling骑自行车 ②take up开始从事 ③not only … but also …不但……而且…… [高分句型]   ①We swim together almost every weekend, which keeps us fit.（定语从句）   ②When autumn arrives, I like to go cycling in the park.（状语从句） 试卷第2页，共9页 试卷第1页，共9页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$