Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language [对应学生用书P62] 复习短语 一、基本概念 英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比如，名词短语与名词功能相似，在句中主要作主语、宾语；介词短语主要充当定语、状语、补语。 He failed to get the first prize in the match. 他没能在比赛中获得一等奖。(failed to get是动词短语，the first prize是名词短语，in the match是介词短语) 二、短语分类 1．名词短语(NP) 名词短语的构成：(限定词)＋(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)＋名词＋(介词短语)。在句中当作名词，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。 I won the first prize in the writing contest and later I would attend the award ceremony with all the teachers and students.(作宾语) (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) 我在写作比赛中获得了一等奖，之后我会和所有的老师和同学一起参加颁奖典礼。 Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged，Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion.(作介词宾语)(2023·全国甲卷，书面表达) 在被广泛认可的中国历史人物中，我认为范仲淹是最有影响力的。 Many people including doctors，nurses and scientists are real heroes.(作表语) 很多人，包括医生、护士和科学家，都是真正的英雄。 At that moment，a flush of admiration and joy swept over me.(作主语)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 在那一刻，一股羡慕和喜悦席卷了我的全身。 We've just come across an old friend we haven't seen for ages.(作宾语) 我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。 名词短语中的限定词 在名词短语的构成中，限定词包括冠词(a、an、the)、指示代词(this、that、these、those等)、物主代词(my、your、his、her、our、their等)和不定代词(some、no、neither、both等)。 2．动词短语(VP) 动词短语的构成：(1)动词＋副词；(2)动词＋介词；(3)动词＋副词＋介词；(4)动词＋名词＋介词；(5)动词＋名词等。在句中作谓语。 He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to make his country rich and power.(2023·全国甲卷，书面表达) 他不遗余力地进行了一系列改革，使他的国家富强起来。 When we met，I extended my gratitude for his trust in me，gave him the fare and tipped him another sum of money.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) 当我们见面时，我感谢他对我的信任，给了他车费，又给了他一笔小费。 By the time she caught up with her husband，their children had been already back home safe and sound. 她追上丈夫的时候，他们的孩子已经安然无恙地回家了。 3．形容词短语(AdjP) 形容词短语的构成：(副词)＋形容词＋(介词短语)。在句中当作形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。 World Oceans Day is a day to raise people's awareness of protecting the oceans which are vital to human beings.(作表语)(2022·全国甲卷) 世界海洋日是提高人们保护海洋意识的日子，海洋对人类至关重要。 Seeing his face filled with anxiety，I felt very sad.(作表语)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 看到他充满焦虑的脸，我感到很难过。 [即时训练1]　完成句子 ①I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.The cash machine was also out of order(提款机也出了故障)！(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) ②We cannot interact/communicate with(和……交流) our teachers and classmates as we do in a classroom. ③I think I'll make full use of(充分利用) the chance to practise my English. ④The staff is friendly and helpful(友好且乐于助人)，providing you with a map of the city when you arrive. 4．副词短语(AdvP) 副词短语的构成：(副词)＋副词。在句中当作副词，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。 He is so humorous，responsible and selfless that I respect and love him very much. 他如此幽默、负责任、无私以至于我非常尊重并喜欢他。 Equally importantly, we should develop a good habit of living. 同样重要的是，我们应该养成一种良好的生活习惯。 5．介词短语(PrepP) 介词短语的构成：介词＋宾语，能充当介词后宾语的主要有名词、宾格代词、动词­ing形式等。在句中作表语、定语或状语。 David stood firmly in his position，ignoring anything around. 大卫坚定地站在自己的位置上，无视周围的一切。 With the help of the cell phone，not only can we get in contact with others，but we can also deal with some problems. 在手机的帮助下，我们不仅可以与他人联系，还可以处理一些问题。 Fan Zhongyan was known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty.(2023·全国甲卷，书面表达) 范仲淹是中国宋代著名的作家和政治家。 [即时训练2]　完成句子 ①Good health means being both physically and mentally(身体上和精神上) healthy. ②My brother has some difficulty in learning English，which upsets him very much(非常). ③The racing route began at our school gate(我们学校门口) and ended at the foot of the South Hill(南山脚下). ④We all know success doesn't happen by chance(偶然发生).Only through hard work can we manage to achieve our dream! [核心词汇·练透][对应学生用书P62] resign vi.&vt.辞职；辞去 (1)resign one's post/position　辞去职务 resign from...　从……辞职 resign as... 辞去作为……的职务 (2) resign oneself to (doing) sth 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事 resign sb to... 把某人委托给…… [经典佳句]　When I began to work，Mr Brown had resigned from the company for some political reasons. 当我开始工作的时候，布朗先生已经因为一些政治原因从这家公司辞职了。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①More and more parents resign their children to their grandparents at home while working in the city. ②他辞去了职务，因为他想全身心投入慈善事业中去。 He resigned his post because he wanted to be devoted to his charity cause. ③琼的父亲说买不起新的自行车给她时，她也只好作罢，还骑那辆旧的。 When Joan's father explained that he couldn't afford to buy her a new bicycle，she finally resigned herself to riding the old one. deserve vt.值得；应得；应受 (1) deserve consideration/attention/praise　值得考虑/注意/赞扬 deserve to do sth 应该做某事 deserve doing＝deserve to be done 应该/值得被…… (2) deserving adj. 值得的；应得的 [经典佳句]　Meanwhile a sense of guilt rose inside her. Feeling she didn't deserve the prize，she had a sleepless night for the first time in her life. 与此同时，愧疚之感油然而生。感到自己不应得这个奖，她生平第一次整夜未眠。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He deserves to win(win) the game because he has been well prepared for it. ②What deserves to be mentioned/mentioning(mention) most is the theme of the Reading Day—Reading Chinese Classics. ③事实上，有许多像李老师那样无私的人在我们身边，他们都很值得我们尊重。 Actually，there are many selfless people like Mr Li around us，and they well deserve our respect． [对应学生用书P65] Ⅰ.写出下列加黑短语的类型及所充当的句子成分 1．He could only understand a word here and there.副词短语作状语 2．The most important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it.名词短语作宾语 3．In spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work.介词短语作状语 4．We need to build a factory twice larger than this one.形容词短语作定语 5．She carried a basket full of eggs to visit her grandmother.形容词短语作定语 6．Genius is the ability to put into effect what is in your mind.介词短语作表语 7．The letter on the desk is for Mr Wu，our department manager.介词短语作定语 8．Seeing a cocoon on the tree beside us，a brilliant idea occurred to me.动词短语作谓语 9．He has been working here as an assistant to chairman for ten years.介词短语作状语 10．We found everything in the lab in good order before doing experiment.介词短语作定语 Ⅱ.用本单元所学语法完成下面的语段 Last Sunday，our volunteer group took part in a voluntary activity 1.at the bus station(在汽车站).On arriving there，we were given 2.a warm welcome(热烈的欢迎).Some students 3.cleaned the waiting room(打扫候车室) while the others offered the passengers the information they needed and 4.carried the luggage(搬运行李) for them.Although we were tired，we felt 5.very happy(很开心).6.Most importantly(最为重要的是)，we can do something for others. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$