Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

SectionⅡ　Learning About Language [对应学生用书P25] 过去分词 过去分词是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成和被动含义，和状语构成过去分词短语。在句法功能上，过去分词(短语)与形容词或副词作用类似，在句子中可充当定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等成分。 一、过去分词作定语 及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。 1．表示被动和完成 This science fiction published last year is popular with young men. 去年出版的这本科幻小说深受年轻人的欢迎。 The appointment made yesterday was cancelled because of an urgent event. 由于紧急的活动昨天的预约被取消了。 2．只表示完成，不表示被动 When I woke up，I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves. 当我醒来时，我发现地上全是落叶。 1．过去分词作定语表示被动；现在分词作定语表示主动。 ◆The herb planted last year is thriving in the garden. 去年种的药草在园子里欣欣向荣。 ◆The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016. 矗立在街角的那所房子是在2016年建造的。 2．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别。 形式 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 ◆The building built last year is our classroom building. 去年建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。 ◆The building being built now is our classroom building. 现在正在建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。 ◆The building to be built next month is our classroom building. 下个月将要建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。 [即时训练1]　单句语法填空 ①Not the pandas，even though the language used(use)for the medical training instructions is actually English.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) ②Producing food that no one eats wastes the water，fuel，and other resources used (use) to grow it.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) ③The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. ④Tell the children playing(play) outside not to make too much noise. 二、过去分词作表语 位于系动词(如be、 get、 become、look、feel、seem、remain等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。 I am delighted to hear from you and feel excited about your intention of studying at a university in China. 收到你的来信我很高兴，并且我对你打算在中国读大学感到很兴奋。 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 ◆The cup is broken. 杯子破了。(系表结构) ◆The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是被汤姆打破的。(被动语态) [即时训练2]　单句语法填空 ①While rock­climbing，you need to remain very focused (focus)so that you won't make any dangerous errors. ②Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related (relate)to this story. ③My childhood was filled(fill)with arts，crafts and music，and every day was an exciting adventure of creation. ④It was only the next day when he was about to take bath，he remembered the watch was lost(lose). 三、过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。以下是几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的结构。 1．几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语) (1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see、watch、observe、find、look at、hear、listen to、feel、notice、think等。 The premier was glad to see this political problem solved in a peaceful way. 总理很高兴看到这个政治问题以一种和平方式得到解决。 (2)表示“致、使”意义的动词，如have、make、get、keep、leave等。 By that time，I was still speaking broken English but I could make myself understood. 那时，我还说着一口蹩脚的英语，但是，我可以让别人听懂我。 “have＋宾语＋过去分词”的三种含义 (1)表示“让某人做某事” ◆I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要去理发。 (2)表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击” ◆He had his wallet stolen. 他的钱包被偷了。 (3)做某事(主语可能参与其中) ◆I had my house repaired last week. 上周，我修补了房子。 (3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如like、want、wish、order等。 This salesman would like this matter settled at once. 这位售货员希望此事立刻得到解决。 2．“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 Nowadays，with more subway lines built in our city，it is more convenient for people to go everywhere. 当今，由于我们市建造了更多的地铁路线，人们出行更方便了。 [即时训练3]　单句语法填空 ①Every night it goes on the web，keeping parents and the world informed (inform) of the happenings at Pali. ②Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost(lose) for words. ③These include plants that have sensors printed (print) onto their leaves to show when they're short of water. ④They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. ⑤I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken(take). ⑥With the company taken(take) over by the talented young man，it will have a promising future. 四、过去分词(短语)作状语 表示被动或完成的动作，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 1．作时间状语 过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个由when、while、after、once等引导的时间状语从句。 Seen/When it is seen from the top of the mountain，the whole town looks more beautiful. 从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。 2．作原因状语 过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个由as、since、because等引导的原因状语从句。 Absorbed/Because John was absorbed in writing a science fiction，John didn't notice evening approaching. 由于专心写科幻小说，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 3．作条件状语 过去分词作条件状语时，相当于一个由if、unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Given/If he is given another chance，he will be superior to his brother. 再给他一次机会，他会做得比他哥哥更好。 4．作让步状语 过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个由though、although、even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。 Exhausted/Although he was exhausted by the running，he went on running after the pet dog. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他还是继续追赶着宠物狗。 5．作方式或伴随状语 过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成一个并列句。 The chairwoman came in，followed by her secretary. ＝The chairwoman came in，and she was followed by her secretary. 这个女董事长进来了，后面跟着她的秘书。 (1)过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when、though、although、as if、as though、if、unless、until、once等，表时间、让步、条件、方式等。 If (I am) invited，I will attend the wedding of my friend. 如果受到邀请，我会参加我朋友的婚礼。 (2)过去分词(短语)作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。 Caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(caught的逻辑主语为the thief) 小偷如果被抓，就会受到警方的处罚。 (3)有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有satisfied、surprised、interested、moved、worried、pleased、disappointed等。 Disappointed at the examination results，the girl stood there without saying a word. 因为对考试结果很失望，小女孩站在那里一句话也没说。 [即时训练4]　单句语法填空 ①Encouraged (encourage)by his words，I agreed to give it a try. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，读后续写) ②Satisfied(satisfy)，he gave me a thumbs­up，praised me a lot for my honesty and also thanked me for the tip，but I told him that he deserved it. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) ③Welcomed(welcome) by Jennifer and her parents with open arms，he felt very excited(excite). [核心词汇·练透] [对应学生用书P29] entitle vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利 (1)be entitled to (do) sth获得权利做某事 be entitled sth　(书、戏剧等)名为…… entitle sb to sth 给予某人某种权利；使某人有资格获得某事物或做某事 (2)entitlement n. 授权；有资格 [经典佳句]　I feel very honoured to stand here and deliver a speech entitled “My Ideal Career”． 我很荣幸站在这里发表题为“我的理想职业”的演讲。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The holidays were fast approaching，and we were entitled to $25 for Christmas from social services. ②Our school will invite a distinguished expert，Professor Li，to give a lecture entitled (entitle)“Confucianism”． ③本周日，我们学校将在学校体育场举行主题为“我们的地球我们的家”的环保活动。 Our school will hold an environmental protection activity entitled “Our Earth Our Home” in our school's stadium this Sunday. freedom n.自由；不受……影响的状态 (1)freedom of speech 言论自由 have the freedom of.../to do...　有(做)……的自由 freedom from... 没有……的情况；不受……影响的状态 (2)free adj.自由的；不受……影响的；免费的 keep ...free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等) (3)freely adv. 自由地；随意地 [经典佳句]　Although I can enjoy more freedom，I realise that being a grown­up means more responsibilities. 作为成年人，虽然我可以享受更多的自由，但是我意识到这也意味着更多的责任。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①At one time，I even felt my parents couldn't understand me，so I hoped I could have freedom from them. ②Mr Brown works hard to keep his families free from/of worries in their lives. ③因此，我们得出结论：世界上没有什么东西和自由一样珍贵。 We，therefore，come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world. [对应学生用书P29] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Over the last two years，some supermarkets have started (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 2．After the flag was raised，one student delivered a speech entitled (entitle) “I will do my part to make China prosperous”． 3．All of us were tired(tire) but delighted because we did good things to others and to the environment. 4．One of my classmates got injured(injure) accidentally and without hesitation Mrs Wu took him to hospital for medical treatment at once. 5．The steward was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned(clean) and everything arranged(arrange) in a perfect order. 6．Faced(face) with the environmental problem caused by plastic bottles in our school，we are writing this letter to raise your awareness of the need to protect our school. Ⅱ. 使用本单元所学语法知识(过去分词)翻译下面的语段 The young woman painter was ambitious and she 1.wanted her paintings displayed in the gallery(想把她的画陈列在画廊里)，but she wondered whether they would be very popular.2.Encouraged by her parents(在她父母的鼓励下)，she had them shown as planned.3.Once the beautifully painted works were on show(这些画得很漂亮的作品一经展出)，the works won high praise from the audience.She and her parents 4.were satisfied with the result(对这个结果感到满意). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$