Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language [对应学生用书P6] 复习被动语态 一、基本构成 项目 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done —— shall/will have been done The children are asked to clean their rooms every day. 孩子们被要求每天打扫他们的房间。(一般现在时的被动语态) The work will have been finished by the end of next month. 到下个月底这项工作将会被完成。(将来完成时的被动语态) I feel that not enough is being done to protect the local wild animals. 我觉得对当地野生动物的保护力度不够。(现在进行时的被动语态) I received the sad news that he had been killed in a motorcycle accident. 我得知了这个不幸的消息，说他在一场摩托车事故中丧生了。(过去完成时的被动语态) [即时训练1]　用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①When I was invited(invite) to the stage to receive the award，I expressed my thanks to my teacher.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) ②Two years later，a six­meter­tall pavilion，inspired by The Peony Pavilion，was built (build)at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ③We must be aware of the fact that our beautiful environment is being destroyed(destroy) now. ④Over the past 20 years，many inspirational role models have been honored(honor) in Touching China awards. ⑤Six weeks ago，I participated in a city marathon for amateurs which was being organized(organize) to help raise money for charity. 二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题 1．否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor's degree. 听到不会获得博士学位，他失望透顶。 2．主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动，这时的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。 We saw him sitting there without doing anything. ＝He was seen sitting there without doing anything. 我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。 His words made me throw up. ＝I was made to throw up by his words. 他的话令我作呕。 在主动语态中，make、 hear、 see等词后接动词不定式时要省略to，但在被动语态中不能省略。 3．带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的直接宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的间接宾语，或将表示人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保留。 My father is telling me an interesting story now. ＝An interesting story is being told to me by my father now. ＝I'm being told an interesting story by my father now. 爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。 4．短语动词在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉动词后面的介词或副词。 The old man was often laughed at. 那位老人经常被嘲笑。 [即时训练2]　将下列句子改为被动语态 ①We saw a stranger enter the building just now. →A stranger was seen to enter the building just now. ②My uncle gave me a present the other day. →A present was given to me the other day by my uncle. →I was given a present the other day by my uncle. ③The bad weather made me decide to stay here for another day. →I was made to decide to stay here for another day by the bad weather. ④My uncle took good care of me when I was young. →I was taken good care of by my uncle when I was young. 三、难点突破——主动形式表示被动意义 1．当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等系动词后面接形容词/名词构成系表结构时。 Compared with the standard fee，which is $800，the group participation discount sounds quite attractive to me. 与800美元的标准费用相比，团体参与折扣对我来说很有吸引力。 2．当cut、read、sell、wear、write、wash等表示某种属性且带有修饰语时。 The science fiction written by Liu Cixin sells very well. 刘慈欣写的科幻小说很畅销。 3．want、require、need意为“需要”时，后面的动词­ing形式用主动形式表示被动含义(相当于不定式的被动形式)。 Not only do they know more about the festival but also realize the elderly need to be treated/treating with respect. 他们不仅对这个节日有了更多的了解，而且意识到老年人需要受到尊重。 4．在“be＋adj.＋to do”结构中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时。 The innocent request was difficult to reject. 这个天真的请求很难拒绝。 [即时训练3]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It was a coincidence that the motorcyclist's mother was being treated(treat) at that moment in the same hospital. ②Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed(pass) down through the ages can still be employed(employ)today to draw attention to important truths. (2023·全国甲卷) ③A fiction writing contest will be held(hold) by the School English Newspaper next week. ④She wrote back，enclosing my letter where grammar mistakes had been corrected(correct)! ⑤As for study，it is essential to find out what needs to be done/doing(do). ⑥这种丝绸摸起来柔软舒适。但是制作起来很困难。 The silk feels soft and comfortable．But it is difficult to make． [核心词汇·练透] [对应学生用书P8] on a ...basis 根据；以……的方式(基准) (1)on a regular basis　例行地；有规律地；定期地 on the basis of 在……的基础上；基于；根据 (2)base v. 以……为据点(或总部等)；把(总部等)设在 base ...on/upon 把……建立在……的基础上 be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据 [经典佳句]　I was often taken to a pool to practice swimming by my mom on a daily basis. 我妈妈每天都带我去游泳池练习游泳。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There is no doubt that our small acts on a daily basis (base) are bound to make a big difference to our environment. ②Based(base) on historical facts，Romance of the Three Kingdoms is popular among all the Chinese people. ③我强烈建议你应该将分组建立在学生的考试成绩、语言表现或兴趣爱好上。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，应用文) I strongly recommend that you(should) base grouping on students' exam grades，verbal performance or interests． [对应学生用书P9] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The exhibition，which will be held(hold) at the museum next week，will last two days. 2．The shop owner told me that the girl had been taken(take) to the hospital because of her serious illness. 3．The poems，whose topics can be sports，diet and school life must be written(write) in English. 4．From the activity，I learn that at present the environment is being destroyed(destroy) because of people's harmful activities. 5．According to the notice，everybody is required(require) to take part in the activity. Ⅱ.使用本单元所学语法知识(被动语态)翻译下面的语段 Frankenstein is a science fiction which 1.was written by Mary Shelley[是玛丽·雪莱(Mary Shelley)写的].2.It is regarded as (这本小说被认为是)one of the earliest science fiction stories in English literature.3.After the novel was published(这本小说出版后)，it drew wide attention.The story of the novel 4.is based on science，imagination and personal experiences(基于科学、想象和自身经历).The novel 5.has been translated into many languages(已被翻译成多种语言). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$