Unit 11 Section Ⅲ Grammar(课件PPT)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 语法精讲 技能培养 01 课时作业 知能达标 03 随堂演练 巩固提升 02 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 01 语法精讲 技能培养 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 02 随堂演练 巩固提升 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 03 课时作业 知能达标 点击进入Word 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 谢谢观看 栏目导航 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 1 项目一 情态动词 一、情态动词的特征 1．情态动词有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。 2．情态动词一般无人称和数的变化，个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。 3．构成否定句时，not放在情态动词后面。 4．情态动词后接动词原形。 She can speak English though she is six. 尽管她才6岁，她会说英语。 They must be in the classroom. 他们一定在教室里。 The young man can't carry the big stone. 这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。 You will do as I told you. 你得照我说的去做。 二、情态动词的基本用法 1．can/can't 情态动词 基本用法 can “能，会”，表示一种能力 “可能”，表示客观上的一种可能性，“有时可能会……” “可以”，表示请求许可 can't “不能”，表示禁止 “不可能”，表示否定的可能性 (1)can表示“客观上的某种可能性”时，往往用于否定句和疑问句，若表示“肯定的推测”则用must。 (2)can与be able to的区别 can表示一种能力，表示主语本身具有的某种能力，只有现在时和过去时两种形式；be able to表示经过努力后能做某事，有多种时态。 She can drive，but she can't ride a bicycle. 她会开车，但她不会骑自行车。(能力) －Can I use your telephone? ——我可以用一下你的电话吗？ －Yes，of course you can. ——当然可以。(许可) Jogging can be harmful to health. 慢跑有时候可能会对健康有害。(一种可能性) The door is locked.She can't be at home. 门是锁着的。她不可能在家。(表示推测) You can't smoke in the office. 在办公室内你不能抽烟。(表示禁止) [即学活用1]　选词填空 ①Mary　can　(can/can't) speak three languages and she is studying the fourth language. ②This　can't　(can/can't) be done by him，for he was not here. ③He　was able to　(could/was able to)go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2．have to/not have to 情态动词 基本用法 have to “必须，不得不”，表示客观上的需要 not have to “没有必要”，相当于needn't It is late.I have to go home now. 天很晚了。我现在必须回家。 —Do I have to go there now? ——我现在就得去那儿吗？ —No，you don't have to./No，you needn't. ——不，你不必。 [即学活用2]　翻译句子/同义句转换 ①彼得很累了，他必须休息一下。 　Peter was very tired and he had to have a rest.　 ②你没有必要现在就去学校。 　You don't have to/needn't go to school now.　 ③You needn't come tomorrow，for we will have a day off. →You　don't have to come　tomorrow，for we will have a day off. 3．ought to/ought not to 情态动词 基本用法 ought to “应当、应该”，表示给别人的一种建议或义务、责任 ought not to “不应当、不应该”，表示建议别人不要做某事 ought to的否定形式是在ought后加not；一般疑问句是将ought直接提前；反义疑问句有两种形式，“shouldn't＋主语”或“oughtn't＋主语”；ought to have done表示“过去应该做却没有做”的一种虚拟语气。 You ought to finish your work before you go home. 你应该在回家之前完成你的工作。 You ought to obey your parents when they are right. 当你的父母是对的时候你应该顺从他们。 You ought not to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 [即学活用3]　完成句子/翻译句子 ①You　shouldn't/ought not to waste　any time. 你不应该浪费时间。 ②You　should/ought to be　polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 ③He ought to be here，oughtn't/shouldn't he? 　他应该在这里，是不是？　 ④Ought we to do it at once? 　我们应该立刻做这件事吗？　 4．need/dare (1)need作情态动词时，表示“需要；必须”；dare表示“敢，敢于”。常用于否定句和疑问句中，后接动词原形，否定形式分别为need not和dare not。 You needn't answer him the question immediately. 你不必立即回答他这个问题。 —Need we make the test? ——我们需要做这个试验吗？ —Yes，we must./No，we needn't. ——是的，需要。/不，不需要。 If he dare go，I'll go with him. 如果他敢去，我就跟着他去。 (2)need和dare常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，后面可接带to的不定式。 You don't need to be told twice. 不必告诉你两遍。 Tom didn't dare to do it. 汤姆不敢做那件事。 [即学活用4]　用适当的情态动词填空 ①You　needn't　see him，but I must. ②　Dare　you go home alone? ③He asked me whether I　dare　swim across the river. 三、情态动词＋have done “情态动词＋have done”表示对过去事情的推测 can/could have done 过去可能(表示推测)；本能做而未做(表示虚拟) should/ought to have done 本该做而未做 may/might have done 过去也许做了(表示推测)；本可能做而未做(表示虚拟) must have done 一定已经做了 needn't have done 本不必做而做了 They could have sent up the satellite successfully. 他们本来能够成功发射这颗卫星的。 You should have told me earlier or I might have gone with them. 你应该早点告诉我，不然的话我就会和他们一块去了。 You ought to/should have been more careful. 你本应该更小心一些的。 If you had studied hard，you might have passed the exam. 如果你努力学习的话，你可能会及格的。 From what you said，she must have told you all about it. 从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。 You needn't have told them about it. 你本来没有必要告诉他们那件事。 [即学活用5]　用“情态动词＋have done”完成句子 ①They　must have gone　to the Great Wall，haven't they? 他们一定是去了长城，不是吗？ ②He　can't/couldn't have watched　TV last night，for he knew he would have a test. 昨天晚上他不可能看电视，因为他知道就要考试了。 ③He　could have passed　the exam，but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。 ④You　should/ought to have done　more exercise before. 以前你本应该多进行锻炼的。 ⑤You　might/may have read　about it in the newspapers. 你可能已经在报上看过这个消息了。 ⑥I　needn't have cooked　so much food.Nobody was hungry. 我本不必做这么多吃的，大家都不饿。 项目二 动词近义词 一、基本概念 在日常的学习中，我们学习了许多英语词汇，其中包括许多让大家头疼的词汇辨析，甚至有很多人认为英语近义词辨析是无病呻吟。然而事实并非如此，许多英语词汇无法在汉语词汇中找出完全对应的翻译，因此近义词间仍存在差别，而弄清楚这些差异，便是我们能够精准表达概念的基础。 二、语法规则 常用动词近义词辨析 1．happen，take place 二者都有“发生”的意思。 happen指事情的发生，往往带有偶然的意思。take place指事先安排或策划好而后发生，没有偶然的意思。 2．must，have to must表示说话人的主观看法：而have to则表示客观需要，mustn't意为“不可以；不允许”；don't have to意为“不必”。 3．arrive，reach，get to 三者都有“到达”的意思。 reach为及物动词。arrive为不及物动词，后面接介词in或at。get to常用于口语，可代替前面两个词。 4．agree with，agree to，agree on 三者都有“同意，赞成”的意思。 agree with后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词作宾语。agree with还有“适合，符合”的含义。 agree to后面一般接表示提议、办法、计划之类的名词作宾语。 agree on就……达到一致的意见。 5．spend，pay，cost，take sb spend...on sth某人花了(时间、金钱)在某事上 sb spend...(in) doing sth某人花了(时间、金钱)做某事 sb pay...for sth某人为某物花了钱 sth cost sb某物花了某人钱 It takes/took sb...to do sth花了某人(时间、金钱)做某事 6．begin，start 二者均可表示“开始”，一般可以通用，但start较为口语化。 start还可表示“动身，开动”等意思，而begin则不能这样用。 7．find，look for，find out 三者都有“寻找”的意思。 find是look for的结果。look for是find之前的寻找过程。find out指经过一番努力最终找到。 8．join，take part in，join in 三者都有“参加”的意思。 join多指参加某组织、党派或社会团体，成为其中的一个成员。 join in参加正在进行的竞赛、娱乐、谈话等活动。 take part in指参加活动、群众性活动或会谈并在其中起一定作用。 9．dress，have sth on，wear，put on 它们都有“穿，戴”的意思。但用法不同。 have sth on表示穿戴的状态。wear表示穿戴的状态。put on表示穿戴的动作。dress既表动作也表状态。 10．hear，hear of，hear from hear和hear of都可解作“听说”，hear后面接宾语从句。hear还可作“听见，听到”解，后面可以接名词、代词＋不带to的不定式(或分词)的复合结构。 hear of后面接名词、代词或动词­ing形式，hear from意为“收到……的信，得到……消息”。 hear from的主语是“人”，而不是“信”。 11．persuade，convince 这两个词都有“劝说，劝导，劝诱”之意。 persuade普通用词，指通过劝说，感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。 convince指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。 12．insist，persist，persevere，adhere 这些动词均有“坚持”之意。 insist通常用于对意见、主张等的坚持。 persist用于褒义，指坚持继续做某事，但更常用于贬义，指不听劝告，顽固坚持。 persevere含褒义，强调坚持不懈的努力。 adhere与to连用，指坚持意见、计划或承诺等，含坚持不懈之意。 13．identify，recognize，make out 这些动词均含“认出，识别”之意。 identify指辨别、确定人的身份或物品的归属等。 recognize指所辨认的人或物多是以前所熟悉的。 make out通常指通过人的感觉器官来辨别事物。 [即学活用6]　选词填空 ①take place/happen a．Whatever　happens　，we must stick together. b．Great changes have　taken place　in the way people communicate in recent years. ②agree to/agree with/agree on a．I'm doubtful whether she will　agree to　this point. b．We couldn't　agree on　any of the problems discussed at the meeting. c．Forgive my interrupting but I really don't　agree with　that. ③join in/join/take part in a．Students who enjoy playing basketball can　join　the club. b．It is a pleasure to have an opportunity to　take part in　the competition. c．The famous musician，as well as his students，was invited to　join in　the music festival. ④hear of/hear from/hear a．I'm amazed to　hear from　my teacher again. b．Up till now，no news has been　heard of　the missing people in the flood. c．Absorbed in his experiment，he didn't　hear　the knock on the door. ⑤spend/take/cost/pay a．The new sunglasses　cost　29.9 dollars. b．It was generous of him to offer to　pay for　us both. c．It didn't　take　long before I lost sight of the plane. d．I must　spend　the holiday watching several English movies. Ⅰ.选词填空 oughtn't，ought to，ought not to，can，can't，must，mustn't，don't have to，have to 1．It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it　can　be rather cold sometimes. 2．—Isn't that Ann's husband over there? —No，it　can't　be him.I am sure he doesn't wear glasses. 3．—Shall I tell Tony about it? —No，you　don't have to　.I've told him already. 4．You　mustn't　drive into a street with a “No Entry” sign. 5．—Mum，can I go to Charlie's birthday party tonight? —Yes，you can，but you　must 　return home before 10 o'clock. 6．—I didn't tell my parents that I would leave home. —You　ought to　have when you left home since you are living with them. 7．We ought to help each other in our work，　oughtn't　we? 8．I　can　speak English fluently. 9．I　ought not to　have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams. 10．My parents never remember my telephone number，and they always　have to　look it up. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The climate here doesn't agree　with　him. 2．You'd better put　on　your overcoat before going out. 3．The mother　is dressing　(dress) her baby at present. 4．How often do you hear　from　your father? 5．They start　for　Beijing tomorrow. 6．I found　out　she was wrong. 7．It takes me five minutes　to brush　(brush) my teeth every morning. Ⅲ.一句多译 1．她花了两个小时画这栋房子。 a．She　spent two hours (in) drawing　the house. b．It　took her two hours to draw　the house. 2．我花了十元钱买这本书。 a．I　spent ten yuan　on the book. b．I　paid ten yuan　for the book. c．The book　cost me ten yuan　. 3．有的音乐家不喜欢在演奏时戴戒指。 a．Some musicians don't like to　wear rings　when they're playing. b．Some musicians don't like to　have rings on　when they're playing. 4．他们经过五个星期的航行终于靠了岸。 a．They finally　reached　the coast after five weeks sailing. b．They finally　got to　the coast after five weeks sailing. c．They finally　arrived at　the coast after five weeks sailing. $$