Unit 9 Section Ⅲ Grammar(课件PPT)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 语法精讲 技能培养 01 课时作业 知能达标 03 随堂演练 巩固提升 02 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 01 语法精讲 技能培养 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 02 随堂演练 巩固提升 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 03 课时作业 知能达标 点击进入Word 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 谢谢观看 栏目导航 UNIT 9　LEARNING 1 项目一 接动词­ing形式或不定式作宾语的动词 一、动名词作宾语 1．必须接动名词作宾语的动词 这类动词常用的有：admit (承认)；advise (建议)；allow (允许)；appreciate (感激)；avoid (避免)；consider (考虑)；delay (延迟)；deny (否认)；enjoy (喜欢)；escape (逃避)；excuse (原谅)；finish (完成)；forbid (禁止)；forgive (原谅)；imagine (想象)；keep (保持)；mind (介意)；miss (错过)；postpone (推迟)；practise (练习)；resist (抵抗)；risk (冒险)；suggest (建议) 等。 Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the sports meeting. 比尔建议开一个关于为运动会做些什么的会议。 Would you mind giving us a talk today about DNA? 你介意今天给我们作一个关于DNA的报告吗？ We only missed seeing each other by five minutes. 我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。 记忆口诀： 避免错过少延期 (avoid，miss，postpone) 建议完成多练习 (advise/suggest，finish，practise) 喜欢想象与考虑 (enjoy/appreciate，imagine，consider) 承认否定与妒忌 (admit，deny，envy) 逃避冒险莫原谅 (escape，risk，excuse) 忍受保持不介意 (stand，keep，mind) 2．常跟动名词作宾语的动词短语 常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有：insist on (坚持)；be good at (擅长)；put off (推迟)；give up (放弃)；feel like (想要)；be worth (值得)；can't help (禁不住)；be fond of (喜欢)；set about (开始，着手)；depend on (依赖)；can't stand/bear (不能忍受)；succeed in (在……方面成功) 等。 I don't think we should put off having the meeting. 我认为我们不应该推迟开那个会议。 I don't feel like cooking.Let's eat out. 我不想做饭，我们出去吃吧。 admit to (承认)；be used/accustomed to (习惯于)；lead to (导致)；devote...to (献身于)；object to (反对)；stick to (坚持)；look forward to (盼望) 等短语中的to为介词，接动名词作宾语。 We were used/accustomed to getting up early in the morning. 我们以前习惯早起。 Professor Wang devotes his life to protecting animals. 王教授为保护动物奉献一生。 [即学活用1] 单句语法填空 ①The boy refused to admit　stealing　(steal) my money. ②The bird was so lucky that it just missed　being caught　(catch). ③We don't allow　smoking　(smoke) in the classroom. ④My job doesn't include　making　(make) coffee for the boss. ⑤All our classmates are considering　going　(go) to the city centre for the fashion show. ⑥He is looking forward to　spending　(spend) his holiday in Britain. ⑦My father insisted on　walking　(walk) home although we were very tired. ⑧The old couple have got used to　living　(live) in the countryside. 二、不定式作宾语 1．不定式可直接跟在一些动词后作宾语 英语中有些动词及短语必须接不定式作宾语，这类动词及短语常用的有：afford (负担得起)；agree (同意)；attempt (尝试，试图)；choose (选择)；decide (决定)；desire (渴望)；determine (决心)；expect (期望)；fail (不能)；hope (希望)；intend (打算)；learn (学习)；manage (设法)；offer (主动提出)；plan (计划)；pretend (假装)；promise (许诺)；refuse (拒绝)；wish (希望)；set out (着手)；would like (想做) 等。 He decided to go abroad for further education. 他决定去国外深造。 I expect to be back as soon as possible. 我盼着尽早回来。 At last I managed to carry all those large boxes upstairs. 最后我总算把那些大箱子都搬上了楼。 记忆口诀： 同意提出做计划 (agree，offer，intend，plan) 要求答应来帮忙 (demand，ask，promise，help) 准备决定遭拒绝 (prepare，decide，refuse) 敢于选择有希望 (dare，choose，wish，hope，want，expect) 不能做到莫假装 (fail，pretend) 设法做成决心坚 (manage，determine) 2．动词不定式作tell，show，understand，know，explain，teach，learn，advise等动词的宾语时，不定式前面常带疑问词，即构成“动词＋疑问词＋to do” 结构。 He doesn't know how to operate the machine. 他不知道该如何操作这台机器。 3．在某些动词后，可用it代替不定式短语作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语，构成“主语＋动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth”结构。这些动词常见的有：find，think，consider，feel，make，believe，judge等。 We think it our duty to protect the environment. 我们认为保护环境是我们的职责。 [即学活用2] 单句语法填空 ①I can't afford　to waste　(waste) money on cheap souvenirs. ②He pretended　to like　(like) us, but he didn't. ③They managed　to finish　(finish) the work on time. ④He agreed　to help　(help) but backed out when he found how difficult it was. ⑤I feel it necessary　to help　(help) him. 三、既可跟不定式作宾语又可跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语 1．既可接动名词，又可接不定式作宾语的动词有：start，begin，continue，like，love，hate等，意思基本没有区别。 love，like和hate接动名词表示长久的、规律性的好恶，接不定式表示一时的、个别性的好恶。 They began throwing/to throw furniture out of the window. 他们开始把家具扔到窗子外面去。 2．以下动词既可接动名词，又可接不定式作宾语，但意思有区别。 － 接动名词作宾语 接不定式作宾语 remember 记得过去做过某事 记得将来要做的事情 try 试着去做、尝试改变 努力去做某事 regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾 mean 意味着…… 企图 (打算) 做某事 go on 继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事 forget 忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记去做某事 stop 中断正在做的事情 中断正在做的事，去做别的事 can't help 禁不住做某事 不能帮着做某事 I'll remember to post your letter. 我会记住把你的信寄走的。 I don't remember saying this to him before. 我不记得以前对他说过这件事。 I forgot to tell him to come. 我忘记叫他来了。 I'll never forget seeing him for the first time. 我永远忘不了和他初次见面的情景。 3．require/need/want作“需要”讲，deserve作“应该”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义或不定式的被动形式，表示事情需要/应该被做。 The floor needs washing/to be washed and you need to do it before Friday. 地板需要清洗了，你需要在周五之前做完。 The problem requires solving/to be solved immediately. 这个问题需要立即解决。 4．worth，worthy，worthwhile后跟非谓语动词的形式： Sth be worth doing. ＝Sth be worthy to be done/of being done. ＝It be worthwhile to do/doing sth. 某事值得 (被) 做。 Every bit of Huangshan Mountain scenery is worth painting/worthy to be painted/of being painted. 黄山山景处处可以入画。 5．在动词allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即： allow/permit/forbid/advise doing sth允许/同意/禁止/建议干某事 allow/permit/forbid/advise sb to do sth允许/同意/禁止/建议某人干某事 He forbids smoking during office hours.他禁止在办公时间抽烟。 Allow me to congratulate you on your great success. 让我向你伟大的成功祝贺。 [即学活用3] 完成句子 ①He was beginning　to recover　when he had another attack. 他正在开始恢复时，突然病又发作了。 ②The doctor　advised me to take　a few days' rest. 医生建议我休息几天。 ③She looked up for a minute and then continued　to draw/drawing　. 她抬头看了一会儿，然后继续画。 ④Have you　tried doing it　in another way? 你尝试用另外一种方法来进行吗？ ⑤Do not　forget to say　thank you for people's praise. 不要忘记对别人的赞美说感谢。 ⑥I　regret to say　that I cannot go with you. 我很遗憾地告诉你我不能与你同去。 ⑦However much you　regret doing that　，there is nothing you can do about it now. 无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经做过的事，现在也无济于事了。 ⑧Your house needs　repairing/to be repaired　. 你的房子需要修理了。 项目二 主谓一致 一、 概述 主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致；意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致；就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 二、语法一致原则 语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1．either, neither, each, every或no＋单数名词和由some，any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。 We went to see a couple of houses，but neither was suitable. 我们去看了两处房子，但都不合适。 Is there anything wrong with your bike? 你的自行车有什么毛病吗？ 2．主语后接with，along with，rather than，but，except，besides，including，together with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词的数与主语一致。 Tom，along with his friends，goes skating every Saturday. 每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。 The teacher as well as the students likes the painting. 老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。 3．当主语是由and, both...and...连接的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数；但由and连接的并列主语前面分别有every, each, no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在我国，男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。 “many a (n) /more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。 [即学活用4] 单句语法填空 ①Both John and Ann　are　(be) interested in English. ②Tom, as well as the other students in his class，　likes　(like) swimming. ③Reading　is　(be) a good way to improve your English. 三、意义一致原则 意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。 1．集合名词 (family, team, class, government等) 作主语时，若视为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若视为个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。 His family is going out. 他们全家要外出。 His family are all music lovers. 他们全家都是音乐爱好者。 (1)集合名词people, police, cattle 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (2)trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes 等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但如果这些词前有a (the) pair of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 2．从句、动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要视表语而定。 To learn English well is difficult. 学好英语是困难的。 Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers. 在摇滚音乐会上听很吵的音乐已造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。 What he is faced with is a new project. 他所面对的是一项新的课题。 What we need are more volunteers. 我们所需要的是更多的志愿者。 3．表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Three months has passed since I came to the school. 我来到这所学校已经三个月了。 Fifty dollars was a large sum of money for me at that time. 那时50美金对我来说是一大笔钱。 4．and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。 A singer and dancer is present at the party today. 一位歌舞演员出席了今天的派对。 A singer and a dancer are present at the party today. 一位歌唱家和一位舞者出席了今天的派对。 5．当主语是“most/some/half/the rest/分数/百分数＋of＋名词” 时，如果of后面的名词表示单数概念或为不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果of后面的名词表示复数概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。 Most of his time is spent on study. 他的大部分时间都用在了学习上。 Twenty percent of the workers here are women. 这儿百分之二十的工人是女工。 6．“the＋形容词/动词­ed形式” 表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The old are well taken care of in our city. 老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。 The injured have been taken to the nearest hospital. 受伤的人们已被送到了最近的医院。 [即学活用5] 单句语法填空 ①Twenty pounds　was/is　(be) missing from the wallet. ②Even the wise　are　(be) not always free from mistakes. ③The rest of the workers　are　(be) still very tired. 四、就近一致原则 就近一致就是谓语动词在人称和数上与最近的主语保持一致。 1．neither...nor...，either...or...，not only...but also..., not...but...，whether...or...或or连接并列主语时，谓语动词要用就近原则。 Neither you nor he was allowed to go out at night. 你和他都不允许晚上出去。 Is either she or you going to Beijing? 是她还是你要去北京？ 2．there, here引导的句子其主语是一系列事物时，使用就近一致原则。 There is a pen，two books and many pencils on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。 There are many routes from China to Europe. 从中国到欧洲有很多条路线。 [即学活用6] 单句语法填空 ① Neither Tom nor his parents　are　(be) at home. ②Not only I but also David and Iris　are　(be) fond of playing basketball. ③Either you or I　am　(be) going to the teachers' office after class. ④There　is　a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it.There　are　some bowls, plates and a spoon on it.(be) Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．You look so tired, so why not stop　to have　(have) a rest? 2．She suggested　going　(go) out for a walk, but I'd rather stay at home watching TV. 3．I can't understand your　laughing　(laugh) at that poor child. 4．After he had worked several hours, he stopped　to drink　(drink) a cup of coffee to refresh himself. 5．Although swimming is his favourite sport, yet he doesn't like　to swim　(swim) today. 6．I forgot　giving　(give) him the small change so I gave him the money again. 7．—Would you mind　opening　(open) the door? —Of course not. 8．You can't imagine what difficulty we had　walking　(walk) home in the snowstorm. 9．The rest of the novel　is　(be) very wonderful and instructive. 10．Three hours with your old friends　seems　(seem) to be a short time. 11．Over 70 percent of the population in this province　are　(be) farmers. 12．—　Is　either he or I proud of the job? —Neither he nor you　are　.(be) 13．Each teacher and each scientist　was　(be) invited to take part in the conference. 14．Jack，as well as his relatives and friends,　is holding　(hold) a party at home now. 15．On each side of the road　grow　(grow) a lot of tall trees. 16．The factory, including its equipment and buildings,　was　(be) burnt last night. 17．What I want　is　an interesting book while what he expects　are　two cups of coffee.(be) 18．War and peace　is　(be) a constant theme in history. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Please remember　to bring your notebook　here tomorrow. 请记住明天把你的笔记本带来。 2．Being ill for a few days, she doesn't feel like　eating anything　. 她病了几天，什么也不想吃。 3．His wife doesn't　allow smoking　inside the room and often advises him　to give up smoking　. 他的妻子不允许在室内吸烟，经常劝他戒烟。 4．Doing one thing well doesn't　mean doing　exactly one thing. 做好一件事情并不意味着仅仅做一件事情。 5．What do you intend　to do/doing　when you get to this place? 你打算到这里干什么？ 6．It's time I　got down to thinking about　that essay. 我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。 7．This pair of trousers　belongs to　my sister. 这条裤子是我姐姐的。 8．More than one student　has made that mistake　before. 不止一个学生以前犯过这样的错误。 9．The wounded　are being done　first aid beside the road now. 伤者现在正在路边接受急救。 10．He has eaten up some of the cheese.The rest　has gone bad　. 他已经吃完了一些奶酪。其余的都坏了。 11．　What he wants is　some advice on how to learn English, while　what he looks forward to are　some English dictionaries. 他想要的是一些关于如何学习英语的建议，而他期待的是一些英语词典。 12．Swimming in the Yangtze River　needs great courage　. 在长江游泳需要很大的勇气。 13．Either you or Jack　is about to take the place of　the manager. 不是你就是杰克即将代替经理的职位。 14．The class　are busy working　on the exercises at the moment. 这个班现在正忙着做练习。 $$