Unit 2 Understanding each other 单元同话题真题训练-【万向思维·高考快递】2024-2025学年高中练习生英语选择性必修第四册（译林版2020）

练习生高中英语·选择性必修第四册·YL 佳句背诵 词汇积累 1.As we all know,delivering a speech in public is not an 名词：average n.平均数，平均值estimate n.(对数量、成 easy thing,especially when the speaker is a second 本等的)估计 language learner..正如我们大家所知，在公共场合演讲不 动词：obtain五.（尤指经努力）获得，赢得 是一件容易的事情，尤其是当演讲者是第二语言学习 形容词：independent ac或.独立的 accurate ao.准确的 者时。a correlated ad相互关联的 短语：cancel(sh)oul抵消：对消result in导致 2.From my viewpoint,firstly,you should pay attention to the use of Chinese words and expressions in different 长难句分析 situations..在我看来，首先，你应该注意在不同情况下汉 1.On March 7,1907.the English statistician(Francis Galton) 语词语和表达的使用。 主语 同位语 published a paper[which illustrated(what has come to be 谓语宾语 定语从句 宾语从句 高考专题大建构 known as the“wisdom of erowds”effect)J. 丨.语简导读本文介绍了“群体智慧”效应及相关的斯研究 句意：l907年3月7日，英格兰统计学家Francis Galton发 成果一把既定的人群分成若干个更小的群体，并让他 表了一篇论文，该论文阐述了后来被称为“群体智慧” 的效应。 们进行小组讨论，这些小组讨论后的估计的平均值比同 2.The key finding of the study was that when crowds 样数量的独立个体的估计的平均值更准确 主语 系动词表语从句 1.B考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“This effect capitalizes were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed on the fact..…resulting in a more accurate estimate."可知，当 时间状语从句 定语从句 人们犯错误时，那些错误并不总是相同的，这是“群体智 to have a discussion),the averages from these groups 慧”的基础。有些人倾向于高估，有些人倾向于低估。当 were more accurate than those from an equal number of 足够多的这些误差被平均时，它们就会相互抵消，从而得 independent individuals). 到更准确的估计。由此可知，本段主要解释了“群体智慧” 句意：这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小 的群体，（且）这些更小的群体被允许进行讨论时，这些 效应的根本逻辑。故选B。 群体（的估计）的平均值比同样数量的独立个体（的估 2.D考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The key finding of 计)的平均值更准确。 the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the ‖，语篇导读)本文主耍讲述了Jessica和地的丈夫通过在旅 averages from these groups were more accurate than those from 行中当看房人来进行环球旅行的故事。 an equal number of independent individuals,"可知，当人群a被 1.D考查副词。根据下文“She and her hushand have spent 分成更小的群体并可以进行小组讨论时，即在没有独立思 the last two years traveling the world,stopping everywhere from 考的情况下，他们的估计的平均值更准确。由此可推知， Paris to Singapore.."可知，这位25岁的年轻人是和她的丈 夫一起全职旅行。indoors“在室内：进人户内”：online“在 Navajas的研究表明，即使在个体估计不是完全独立的情 线地”；single-handed“独自；单枪匹马地”；ful-ime“全职 况下，其平均准确率也可以得到提高。故选D 地”。故选D。 3.C考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“..he researchers 2.C考查名词。根据上文可知，Jessica和她的丈夫在过去 tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually 的两年里周游世界。由此可推知，这可能听起来像是一个 lid in their discussion.”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试 漫长且昂贵的假期。ame“游戏”；service“服务”：vacation 图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了些什么。因此， “假期”；procedure“程序，手续”。故选C。 后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。 3.D考查形容词。根据上文“It might s0 und like one long, 4.D考查推理判断。根据最后一段的内容可知.作者认为 expensive.”和表示转折的bul可推知，这对夫妇有一种不 虽然Navajas的研究有局限性，但对群体讨论和决策的潜 同寻常的方式来让他们的旅行是可以负扭得起的。e 在影响是巨大的。由此可推知，作者对于Navajas的研究 “安全的”；busy“忙碌的”；helpful“有帮助的”；affordable 持支持的态度。故选D。 “付得起的，买得起的”。故选D。 D18英语 参考答案及超详思路 4.C考查形容词。通读本段可知，Jessica和她的丈夫免费 主的预期。budget'“预算”；ability“能力”：expectation'“预 住在陌生人的家里，但他们要给房主的宠物喂食并给植物 期：期待”：understanding“理解：领悟”。故选C。 浇水。由此可推知，此处指共享经济的一种新形式。lol 13.C考查动词。根据常识及下文“plenty of pictures of “当地的”；private“私人的”；sharing“共有的；共用的；共享 ha即pyps”可推知，此处指给不在家的房主发送宠物的 的”：gricultral“农业的”。故选C 照片。admire“欣赏”；donate“捐赠”；send“发送”；borrow 5.A考查名词所有格。根据上文可知，他们在周游世界，所 “借：借用”。故选C。 以应是住在陌生人的家里。strangers“陌生人的”：parents' 14,A考查形容词。根据上文语境可知，他们的职责就是 “父母的”；c-worker“同事的”；neighbors“邻居的”。故 照看房子，所以他们要保持房子干净。cean“洁净的；干 选A。 净的”；open“开放的”；simple“简单的”；empy“空的”。 6.D考查名词。根据上文o-cost stays和“they feed pets 故选A。 and water plants'”可推知，此处指在房主不在的时候，他们 15.B考查名词。根据语境可推知，优秀的看房人要让房 给宠物喂食并给植物浇水。favor'“帮助”；defense“防御”； 主觉得他们做出了正确的决定。gess“猜测”：decision honor'“荣誉"：absence“不在：缺席”。in one's absence意为 “决定”：response“反应”：impression'“印象”。故选B。 “在某人不在时”，故选D。 长难句分析 7.A考查动词。根据空后的“their trips,.scheduling their The two travelers carefully plan their trips.scheduling their days around the pets"可推知，这两位旅行者仔细地计划他 主语 谓语宾语 们的旅行。plan“计划”；xplain“解释”；compare“比较”； days around the pets (that are sometimes difficult to please). complete“完成”。空处与scheduling是近义词复现，故 现在分词短语作状语 定语从句 选A。 句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时 8.D考查动词。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in 难以取悦的宠物来安排他们的日子。 the homeowner's6”f和“scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to_8_”可推知，此处指他 单元重组大练习 们有时难以取悦宠物。bu叮y“购买”：transport“运输”； choose“选择”；please“使满意；使愉快”。故选D。 9.B考查名词。根据下文“It's like10 at a friend's 语篇导读·人与人之间的信任是建立在什么基础之上的？ huse”可推知，此处指照看房子能提供的舒适程度是他们 是能力、智慧、技术，还是别的什么？ 在酒店里感受不到的。support'“支持”；comfort“舒服；舒 1.A考查推理判断。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第二段最 适”；control“控制”；attention“注意力”。故选B。 后一句中的“..not just in eapability but also in character.” 10.B考查动词。根据上文“But house sitting also offers a 可知，后面举的例子都是用来说明获得别人的信任是十分 level of_9_they can't find in a hotel.”和下文“ata 重要的，而人与人之间不信任的情况须频发生是因为彼此 riend's house”可推知，此处指像待在一位朋友的家里一 之间不够诚信。故选A。 样。cok“烹饪”：say“待：停留”，短语“s1ay…”意为 2.D考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“easier than finding “待在…”；wait“等待”；stdy“学习”。故选B。 fault with behaviors or culture,.”中的han及aul可知，画线 11.A考查名词。根据下文“rate in getting accepted as house 词所表示的意思应与u的意思相近。故选D。 sirs”可知，此处指他们被接受成为看房人的成功率很 3.C考查推理判断。irresponsible“不负责任的”；bookish 高，故应用success。suecess“成功”；survival“存活”； "书呆子气的”；scientifie“科学的”；light--hearted“轻松的， growth“生长”：unemployment“失业”。故选Ae 愉快的”。根据文章内容可知，作者对于“建立或重建信 12.C考查名词。根据上文“The couple has a high11 任”这一问题进行了条理清晰的解容，C项最能体现作者 rate in getting accepted as house sitters'”和下文中的“happy 的态度，故选C。 nets”及“leaving a nice small gift”可推知，他们总是超出房 4.B考查主旨大意。根据全文的内容，尤其是第一段的第 英语D19Unit 2 Understanding each other 高考专题大建构 ●答案见DI8 「.阅读理解 主题语境人与社会一“群体智慧”语篇类型说明文词数352关键词he“wisdom of crowds”effect [2023I On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the"wisdom of crowds"effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren't always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won't cancel each other out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.If,for whatever reasons,people's errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates?Did they follow those least willing to change their minds?This happened some of the time,but it wasn't the dominant response.Most frequently,the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together."Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 1.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A.The methods of estimation. B.The underlying logic of the effect. C.The causes of people's errors. D.The design of Galton's experiment. 2.Navajas'study found that the average accuracy could increase even if A.the crowds were relatively small B.there were occasional underestimates C.individuals did not communicate D.estimates were not fully independent 3.What did the follow-up study focus on? A.The size of the groups. B.The dominant members. C.The discussion process. D.The individual estimates. 4.What is the author's attitude toward Navajas'studies? A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving. 1/39 练习生 高中英语·选择性必修第四册·YL 川，完形填空 主题语境 人与自我 “二对夫妇通过不 语篇类型记叙文词数202关键词 travel,an unusual 常的方式周游世界后里文大wa以couple [2022新高考Ⅱ卷]Like many young people,Jessica wants to travel the globe.Unlike most of them,this25 year-old is doing it 1 She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world,stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.It might sound like one long,expensive 2 but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel 3 They're part of a new form of the 4 economy:an online group of house sitters.Throughout their no-cost stays in 5 homes,they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner's 6. It's not all sightseeing.The two travelers carefully 7 their trips,scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to 8.But house sitting also offers a level of 9 they can't find in a hotel."It's like 10 at a friend's house,"Jessica says. The couple has a high 11 rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner's 12.For Jessica,that means 13 plenty of pictures of happy pets,keeping the house 14 and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house."You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right 15,"she says. 1.A.indoors B.online C.single-handed D.full-time 2.A.game B.service C.vacation D.procedure 3.A.safe B.busy C.helpful D.affordable 4.A.local B.private C.sharing D.agricultural 5.A.strangers' B.parents' C.co-workers' D.neighbors' 6.A.favor B.defense C.honor D.absence 7.A.plan B.explain C.compare D.complete 8.A.buy B.transport C.choose D.please 9.A.support B.comfort C.control D.attention 10.A.cooking B.staying C.waiting D.studying 11.A.success B.survival C.growth D.unemployment 12.A.budget B.abilities C.expectations D.understanding 13.A.admiring B.donating C.sending D.borrowing 14.A.clean B.open C.simple D.empty 15.A.guess B.decision C.response D.impression 401