Unit 3 Sea Exploration 主题阅读训练-【万向思维·高考快递】2024-2025学年高中练习生英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

UNIT3 SEAEXPLORATION PartA Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language 3 \ 练习生 高中英语·选择性必修第四册·RJ 主题语境大拓展 答案见D19 1.阅读理解 子主题1 印度尼西亚深海探险计划 语篇类型 说明文 词数 voyage of exploration, 300效 关键词 词... expedition planning.... [2022-2023 广东省湛江市第二中学高二下月考]In the summer of 2010, the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer started its vovage of exploration. The expedition was the combination of a long planning effort that involved high level science, and technical leadership in the U. S. and Indonesia. Indonesia's land and shallow seas are rich with diversity of marine life. What particularly intrigued the interests of both U. S. and Indonesian ocean scientists was to find out if Indonesia's deep seas, which are nearly unexplored, are really biologically diverse. The scientists worked out an exploration plan that they believed offered a high probability of finding never-before-seen ecosystems in the deep seas. The expedition planning began with highly skilled mapping technicians working closely with the scientists to create a map of the area of interest. Using this map, the team could pick targets where active volcanoes were likely to be eneountered. Once Okeanos Explorer reached the targets, its sonar mapping system was used to create more detailed maps of the exploration areas. Once the map was completed, volcanic features were identified by the science team. The second stage of exploration consisted of steaming slowly over the areas. At the same time, a sensor package was repeatedly lowered and raised. Operated by a technician on the ship, the sensor provided real-time data that revealed whether or not there were heat and chemical plumes in the water column ) UNT3 SEA EXPLOBATION The third and final step of the exploration was then to use a remotely operated vehicle ( ROV) to start a near- bottom visual search for active venting. The ROV, Little Hercules, which was made state-of-the-art for this expedition, produced impressive HD video imagery of both the geology and biology of the dive sites after returning Despite all the technologies and methods. there's more to explore. It is through exploration that we obtain our fundamental knowledge and basic understanding of things and places previously unknown to us. 1. What is the purpose of the expedition mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To promote the exchange between the U. S. and Indonesia B. To make a huge profit from exploring the Indonesian ocean. C. To find out about the ecosystems of the Indonesian deep seas. D. To raise public awareness of protecting the Indonesian deep seas. 2. What was the first step of the expedition planning? A. Picking out the positions of active volcanoes. B. Working out a map of the exploration area. C. Getting a rough idea of the exploration targets. D. Identifving volcanic features by sonar systems. 3. What can we learn about Little Hercules? A. It was part of the sensor package. B. It was specifically designed for this expedition C. It should be operated by a technician on the ship D. It aimed to collect data about heat and chemical plumes 4. Which of the following shows the organization of the text? ( P=Paragraph) P 2 P1P2PP4 P2 P 2 C. B.P23P A. 2 D. IlI.完形填空 子主题2 修复珊瑚礁 语篇类型 词数 228 关键词 记叙文 restoring coral reefs [2022-2023 安徽省合肥第一中学高二下期末]Anuar Abdullah is an aged diving instructor in Malaysia When he isn't 1 , he's back out in the water 2 , studying, and restoring coral reefs(珊瑚礁). Now. as climate change becomes an 3 threat, governments, corporations, and others are coming to him Abdullah has no degree in marine biology or 5 training-just an amount of experience. In just the past decade, thousands have 6 him for advice on how to grow corals, and he now has around 7Oo active volunteers //41 ////// 练习生 高中英语·选择性必修第四册·RJ and has already 7 hundreds of acres of coral reefs. In 2017, Thailand's government asked Abdullah to 8 the restoration of one of its most famous tourist attractions, Maya Bay, because it had 9 half its coral population. 10 were kept out of the site for three years while Abdullah led a team of 120 people in 11 new corals In 202l, after Typhoon Rai, the island of Cebu in the Philippines asked Abdullah to save what was 12 of the shoreline's coral reefs. And earlier this year, Abdullah launched a new effort to build the world's largest coral nursery in the Red Sea. There was a 13 on the nursery at the U. N. climate change summit (峰会), COP27 but Abdullah did not attend. He 14 conferences. he says. And he had 15 to do. B. diving C. swimming 1. A. reporting D. teaching B. judging C. describing 2. A. picking D. observing 3. A.early B. apparent C. artificial D. uncertain 4. A.help C. power B. money D. honor B. formal C. natural 5. A. temporary D. complex 6. A. approached B.led C. backed D. turned 7. A. evaluated C. demanded B. highlighted D. restored B. give up 8. A. carry out C. recover from D. drop off C. lost 9. A. regained B. increased D. removed 10.A. Visitors B. Researchers C. Volunteers D. Officials B. decorating 11. A. guarding C. planting D. maintaining C. preserved 12. A. hidden B. left D. ruined C. course 13. A. contest B. presentation D. topic 14. A. witnesses B. records C. schedule D. hates B. trips C. work 15.A. interviews D. trade 42 UNIT3 SEA EXPLORATION Part B Using Language & Assessing Your Progress & Project & Video Time // 1///// UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION 主题语境大拓展 答案见D20 1.阅读理解 underwater microphones, ........... 海洋的声音 子主题1 语篇类型 1 说明文 词数 338 关键词 .....record. sounds...... [2022-2023 福建省厦门市高二下期末]Now an interesting effort is underway to study and protect the reefs Aran Mooney, a marine biologist, is part of a network of scientists who've set up underwater microphones to essentially listen in on marine life. “It's just really striking what we can learn without actually visually observing,"says Mooney. "Just by listening-quiet listening-we can observe what the animals are doing out there in the ocean." The scientists are racing to record these sounds at reefs threatened by climate change and pollution. The coral reef off the U. S. Virgin Islands recorded in 2o13. when it was abundant. includes a wide range of sounds. Shrimp pop bubbles. Whales and fish call out. A year ago, the scientists recorded a reef in the same area that had been degraded by pollution. This time most of the sounds were gone. The animals have long departed-starting with the tiny larvae (幼 虫) that are needed to build up new coral. But Mooney's team has started an experiment: Setting up underwater speakers to broadcast their recordings of the reef from 2Ol3 in hopes of attracting back the coral larvae. Mooney explains that these tiny jellyfish-like animals get released from healthy reefs and then float for a while in the sea looking for a place to settle. A healthy habitat is super important for them because that's going to be their permanent location for the rest of their life. Once they attach themselves at the bottom, there's no chance of moving To the scientists' delight. the effort seems to be working. Compared to a degraded reef where they're not playing sounds. the reef that they're acoustically (声学上) enhancing gets more coral settlement. Specifically, about two to three times as much settlement. It will take a few more years to see if, as the coral gets re-established, more fish return as well. But Mooney says the results so far suggest an encouraging possibility: All these recordings don't have 45 ////// 练习生 高中英语·选择性必修第四册·BJ to be one more reminder of a disappearing world. They could be a key to restoring it 1. What is an effort made by Mooney's team? A. Observing marine animals visually B. Recording the sound underwater. C. Racing with other research groups. D. Communicating with marine animals. 2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The decline of the sounds. B. The diversity of the sounds C. The disappearance of the reef. D. The causes of the sea pollution. 3. What do we know about the coral larvae? A. They can block out the broadcast B. They are cautious about their habitats. C. They can change their locations easily. D. They are often accompanied by jellyfish 4. Which word could be used to describe the experiment's results according to Mooney? A. Worrying. C. Precise. B. Controversial. D. Promising. IlI.七选五 子主题2 过度捕捞 语篇类型 说明文 词数 247 关键词 overfishing, deep-sea fish [2022-2023 重庆市高二下期末]There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especiall the deep waters of the Atlantic. 1. Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. 2. Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years. The problem is emphasized by the fact that the deeline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep- sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many vears. 3 The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones. The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits. 46 UNT3 SEA EXPLORATION The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. 5. Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security. A. Billions of people rely on fish for protein. B. Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish. C. Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low D. This puts them in the category of "critically endangered". E. None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry. F. Overfishing is a major cause of the decline in populations of ocean wildlife. G. This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species eaught II.语法填空 子主题3 海洋中可降解的塑料 语篇类型 说明文 词数 160 关键词 plastic, degrade, sea waler [2022-2023广东省惠州市龙门县高级中学高二下期中]Chinese scientists have developed a kind of plastic that degrades in sea water and could help slow down the 1. ( inerease) serious plastic pollution in the ocean. The new plastic can degrade in sea water over a period ranging from a few days to several hundred days. (leave) small parts that cause no pollution, said Wang Gexia, 3. _is a senior engineer For a long time, people focused 4. white pollution on land. Plastic pollution in the sea only caught people's attention when more and more 5. ( report) about marine animals dying from it appeared in reeent years. Scientists combined water dissolution and biodegradation processes 6. (design) and invent new plastic. The research 8 ( select) as one of the winning projects at a contest. The contest encouraged young Chinese scientists to develop groundbreaking technologies and was intended to inspire creativity. China has given top attention to 9. ( environment) protection, contributing Chinese wisdom to 10. (resolve) global pollution problems / 47 //////练习生高中英语·选择性必修第四册·RJ UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION Part A Reading and Thinking Learning About Language D18英语 参考答案及超详思路 词汇积累 名词：voyage n.航行：（尤指）航海，航天expedition m.远 征：探险probabilityn.可能性：可能发生的事target n.目标：粑子sensor n.传感器column元.圆柱：柱形 物：专栏 动词：encounter遇到，遭遇 eveal就显示：揭露 operate私.操作obtain,获得 形容词：shallow a域浅的；肤浅的visual ad.视觉的；视 力的fundamentalad.基本的；重要的，必要的 副词：biologically ad.生物学上repeatedly ad,重复地。 再三地remotely ad,遥远地；偏僻地previous小yad, 事先；以前 长难句分析 1.What particularly intrigued the interests of both U.S.and 主语从句 Indonesian ocean scientists was to find out if 系动词 之主题蓝境大拓展W Indonesia's deep seas,which are nearly unexplored,are f引导的宾语从句 非限制性定语从句 「，语篇导读》文章主要介绍了科学家对印度尼西亚深海的 really biologically diverse). 探险计划，计划包括绘制地图、确定火山特征等步骤。尽 句意：尤其让美国和印度尼西亚的海洋科学家感兴趣的 管有这些技术和方法，要探索的东西还有很多。 是，要弄清楚印度尼西亚几乎未经物探的深海是否真的 1,C考查细节理解。根据第一段的“What particularly 具有生物多样性 intrigued the interests of both U.S.and Indonesian ocean 2.The ROV,Little Hercules,which was made state-of-the- scientists was to find out if Indonesia's deep seas...are really 主语 非限制性定语从句 biologically diverse.The scientists worked out an exploration art for this expedition),produced impressive HD video plan that they believed offered a high probability of finding 谓语 宾语 never-before-seen ecosystems in the deep seas,”可知i,这次 imagery of both the geology and biology of the dive sites 探险的目的是弄清楚印度尼西亚深海生态系统的情况。 定语 故选C。 after returing). 2.B,考查细节理解。根据第二段的“The expedition planning 句意：遥控潜水器Little Hercules是为此次探险制造的最 began with highly skilled mapping technicians working closely 新技术，返回后拍摄了令人印象深刻的潜水点地质和生 with the scientists to create a map of the area of interest." 物高清视频图像 知，探险计划的第一步是绘制感兴趣的地方的地图。故 I,语篇导读本文主要讲的是Anuar Abdullah帮助修复用 选B。 瑚礁的事迹。 3.B考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“The ROV,Little 1.D考查动词。rewt“报告：报道”：dive“潜水”：swim“游 Hercules,which was made state-of-the-art for this expedition, 泳”：teach'“教"。根据上文“an aged diving instructor”并结 produced impressive HD video imagery of both the geology and 合常识可知.Anuar Abdullah会在业余时间.也就是在不教 biology of the dive sites after returing."n.Little Hercules 学的时候会回到水中研究和修复珊瑚礁。故选D。 是特意为这次探险设计的，state-.of-he-at意为“（技术上） 2.D考查动词。pick“选择；采摘”：judge“判断”：deseribe “描述”：observe'“观察”。根据下文“studying,and restoring 最先进的”。放选B coral reefs(珊瑚礁)”可知，他应是先观察珊瑚礁，再研究 4.A考查推理判断。通读全文可知，第一段提出这次探险 和修复珊瑚礁。故选D。 活动的背景和目标：第二、三，四段分别陈述了探险计划的 3.B考查形容词。eary“早的”：pparent“明显的”；artificial 三个步骤：第五段对这次探险活动进行总结。因此推知 “人造的”：uncertain“不确定的”。根据下文“governments, 文章的结构是：总一分一总。故选A。 corporations,and others are coming to him"及文章最后一段 中的“on the nursery at the U.N.climate change summit(峰 英语D19 练习生高中英语·选择性必修第四册·RJ 会)，COP27”可知，气候变化成为一个明显的威胁。故 开会，并且他还有工作要做。故选C 选B。 4.A考查名词。help“帮助”：money“钱”：power“力量”； Part B Using Language Assessing honor"荣誉”。根据下文“n2017,Thailand's government Your Progress Project Video Time asked Abdullah to 8 the restoration of one of its most famous tourist attractions.”可知，政府、公司和其他人都向 Abdullah寻求帮助。故选A。 5.B考查形容词。temporary“暂时的”：foma“正式的”： natural·自然的”：complex“复杂的”。根据上文“has no degree in marine biology or”可知，Abdullah没有海洋生物学 学位，也没有接受过正规培训。做选B。 6.A考查动词。approach“找…商谈”；lead“引导”：back “帮助：支持”；um“转向：转身”。根据“for advice on how o grow corals'”可知，成千上万的人和他接洽，向他咨询如 何种植珊瑚。故选A。 7.D考查动词。evaluate“评估”：highlight“突出：强调”： demand“要求”：restore“修复”。根据第一段中的 “studying,and restoring coral reefs(珊瑚礁)"以及本句中 的“for advice on how to grow corals”可知，此处是指他已经 恢复了数百英亩的珊瑚醮，restore为原词复现。故选D。 8.A考查动词短语。carry out“执行；实施”；ivep“放 弃”：ecover from“从…恢复”：drop off“减少”。根据下 "the restoration of one of its most famous tourist attractions. Maya Bay'”可知，泰国政府要求Abdullah开始修复这一景 点。故选A。 9.C考查动词。regain“恢复”：inerease“增加”；lose“丢失： 失去”：remove“去除”。根据because表因果关系可知，正 因为玛雅湾的珊瑚减少，所以Aulh才会被要求去修复 它们。故选C。 10.A考查名词。visitor“游客”：researcher“研究者”： volunteer“志愿者”；official“官员”。根据上文“one of its nost famous tourist attractions”并结合常识可推知，修复册 瑚群期间，游客被禁止进人该地点。故选A。 11.C考查动词。guard“保卫”；decorate“装饰”：plant“种 植”：maintain“保持”。根据第三段的“grow coral。”以及 第四段的“he restoration of one of its most famous tourist attractions”可知，修复珊瑚群需要种植珊瑚，空处为ow 的同义词复现。故选C。 12.B考查动词。hide“隐藏”；leave“留下”；preserve“维 护”：nuin“毁灭；破坏”。根据上文“after Typhoon Rai”并 结合常识可知，台风Ri过后，菲律宾宿务岛请Abdullah 拯救海岸线上仅存的册瑚礁。放选B。 13.B考查名词。contest“比赛“；presentation“发布会：报 告"：course“课程"：topic“话题：主题”。根据第14空后 之主置语境大拓展 的conferences可知，在联合国气候变化峰会COP27上有 一侧关于这个调瑚苗m的报告。故选B。 |,语篇导读文章介绍了一项实脸。在这项实验中，科学 14.D考查动词。witness“日击”：reod“i记录”；schedule 家们在水下设置麦克风来记录册瑚礁的声音，并使用这 “安排”；hate“讨厌”。根据上文“Abdullah did not attend” 些声音来吸引珊瑚幼虫，以帮助恢复受污染和气侯变化 可推知，他讨厌开会。故选D。 威胁的珊瑚礁。 15.C考查名词。interview“面试”；tip“旅行”；work“工 1.B考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中“Aran Mooney,a 作”：trade“贸易”。根据上文“Abdullah did not attend”和 marine biologist,is part of a network of scientists who've set 下文“odo”可推知，他没有参加报告会是因为他不喜欢 up underwater microphones to essentially listen in on marine D20英语 参考答案及超详思路 life."可知，Mooney的团队通过设置水下麦克风来记录海 剧下降。必须采取保护措施来保护这些鱼类并雏持渔民 洋生物的声音。故选B。 的生计。 2.A考查主旨大意。根据文章第三段中“The coral ree 1.G根据上文“People still want to eat fish,so the fishing includes a wide range of sounds...A year ago,the scientists industry must look at other sources,especially the deep waters recorded a reef in the same area that had been degraded by of the Atlantie.”以及下一段首句“Conservation measures pollution.This time most of the sounds were gone.”可知，第 will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to 三段主要讲珊瑚礁丰富多样的声音因污染几乎消失了。 survive,”推知，空处应说明上文做法产生的不良影响。G 故选A。 项“这已经导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降。”承上 3.B考查推理判断。根据第四段中“A healthy habitat is 启下。故选G。 super important for them because that's going to be their 2.D根据上文“Research on five such species shows that permanent location for the rest of their life.Once they attach numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 hemselves at the bottom,there's no chance of moving.”可推 percent..”可知，D项“这使得它们被归为'极度凝危'物 知，册瑚幼虫对它们的栖息地的选择非常谨慎。故选B。 种。”承接上文，符合语境，选项中的This指代上文提到的 4.D考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段中“But Mooney "numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 says the results so far suggest an encouraging possibility:All percent'”这一情况。故选D。 these recordings don't have to be one more reminder of a 3.C根据上文“Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce disappearing world.They could be a key to restoring it." and normally live for many years."f和下文“The average size 知，与设有播放声音的退化珊瑚礁相比，更多珊瑚定居在 of such fish also deelined..,”可知，空处应承接上下文，说明 科学家们通过声学增强的珊瑚礁，因此实验结果是有希望 深海鱼类的繁殖率非常低。C项“不幸的是，它们的繁殖 的，故选D 率非常低。”符合语境，故选C 词汇积累 4.E根据下文“The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were fast--breeding(快速繁殖)ish like sardine and 名词：microphone.话筒：麦克风reminder n.引起回忆 herring.It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the 的事物：提醒人的事物 same rate as rabbits.”并结合上文对深海鱼类繁殖率低的 动词：observe r.观察；注意到threaten.威胁：恐吓 介绍可知，渔业忽略了深海鱼类繁殖速度慢的事实，对它 degrade r.退化：削弱，降低broadeast.广播：播送：传 们进行了过度捕捞。E项“渔业没有考虑到这些事实。”符 播，散布（信息等）enhance.提高：增强：增进 合语境，故选E 形容词：underway adj.在进行中的permanent ac或.求久 5.A根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing (性)的：水恒的 industry."以及下文的“but also sustain livelihoods”可知，空 副词：essentially a,本质上；根本上visually ad,外表 处应承接上文，说明渔业对人类的重要作用。A项“数十 上：看得见地：形象化地 亿人依靠鱼类获取蛋白质。”切题，故选A 短语：a wide range of种类繁多的build up建立；逐步增 长；增进；加强；积累compared to..与…相比 词汇积累 长难句分析 名词：trend n.趋势：倾向conservation n.保存：保护 offspring n.子女；孩子；后代 The coral reef off the U.S.Virgin Islands recorded in 动词：tend易于；倾向 主语 过去分词短语作后置定语 形容词：particular ac.特定的，某一的：特殊的：特别的： 2013.when it was abundant),includes a wide range of 特有的 定语从句 谓语 宾语 短语：s a result of作为…的结果：由于 sounds. 句意：2013年，美属维尔京群岛附近的珊瑚礁大量的声音 长难句分析 被记录了下来，其中包括各种各样的声音。 The average size of such fish also deelined,with one 2.Compared to a degraded reef where they're not playing 主语 谓语 过去分词短语作状语 定语从句 species showing a 57 percent decline in average size). sounds）],the reef[that they'e acoustically(声学上) wh复合结构作件随铁语 主语 定语从句 句意：这些鱼的平均大小也在减少，其中一个物种的平均 enhancing]gets more coral settlement. 大小减少了57% 谓语 宾语 Ⅲ.语篇导读)中国科学家研制出一种新塑料，这种塑料可 句意：与不发出声音的退化珊瑚礁相比，通过声学强化的 以在海水中降解，这有助于减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料 珊瑚礁可吸引更多的珊瑚来定居。 污染（问题）。 .语篇导读》由于过度捕捞，浅水鱼类数量急刷下降，人们 1.increasingly考查副词。空后为形容词serious,空处应 开始捕捞深海鱼类，但这些鱼类繁殖速度慢，数量也在急 用刷词，作状语。故填increasingly 英语D21 练习生高中英语·选择性必修第四册·RJ 2.leaving考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语，此处应为非 谓语动词。此处表示自然而然的结果，所以使用现在分 词。故填leaving。 3.who考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行 词为Wang Gexia,指人，空处在从句中作主语。故填who。 4.on考查介词。短语fusm为固定搭配，表示“把注意 力集中于”。故填on。 5.reports考查名词的数。port为可数名词，结合“more and more+-可数名词复数”表示“越来越多的…”可知，此 处应用复数形式。故填reports。 6.to design考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们将水的溶 解和生物降解过程结合起来设计并发明了这种新塑料。 此处应用动词不定式表目的，故填to desig四。 7.the考查冠词。这里表示特指，指的是上文提到的科学 家发明的一种新塑料，应用定冠词。故填the。 8.was selected考查时态、语态及主谓一致。根据后文的 encouragee可知，这里讲的是过去的事情，时态应用一般过 去时：主语与谓语构成动宾关系，故用被动语态：主语是 The research,be动词用was。故填was selected 9.environmental考查形容词。protection为名词，应用形 容词修饰，作定语。故填environmental。 10.resolving考查非谓语动词。contribute...to..表示 “把…贡献给…”，其中o为介词，其后应用动名词 形式。故填resolving。 词汇积累 名词：dissolution n.分散：溶解：（社团等）解散 biodegradation n.生物降解wisdom.明智；智慧 动词：intend秋打算：意指：想要 形容词：groundbreaking adj.开创性的：创新的 短语：eatch people's attention吸引人们的注意力 长难句分析 Chinese scientists have developed a kind of plastic 主语 谓语 宾语 that degrades in sea water and could help slow down the 定语从句，修饰先行词a kind of plastie increasingly serious plastic pollution in the ocean). 句意：中国科学家已经研制出了一种可以在海水中降解的 塑料，这种塑料可以帮助减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污 染（问题）。 D22英语