Unit 1 Science Fiction 单元同话题真题训练-【万向思维·高考快递】2024-2025学年高中练习生英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION 高考专题大建构 ●答案见D5 阅读理解 主题语境 人与自我二数字极简 主义生活方式 语篇类型说明文词数321关键词digital minimalism,lifestyle [2023I The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works,and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. To do so,I divided the book into two parts.In part one,I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism,starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy:the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one,I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so,I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.You'll hear these participants'stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate()a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.In these chapters,I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices,which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 1.What is the book aimed at? A.Teaching critical thinking skills. B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C.Solving philosophical problems. D.Promoting the use of a digital device. 2.What does the underlined word "declutter"in paragraph 3 mean? A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over. 3.What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A.Theoretical models. B.Statistical methods. C.Practical examples. D.Historical analyses. 4.What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A.Use them as needed. B.Recommend them to friends. C.Evaluate their effects. D.Identify the ideas behind them. 1/13//1// 练习生 高中英语·选择性必修第四册·RJ B 主题语境 人与社会一软件程序 machine,debate, Prje Debater在辩论中战胜人类.语篇类型_说明文词数318关键词”PwDi [2023I]A machine can now not only beat you at chess,it can also outperform you in debate.Last week,in a public debate in San Francisco,a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia,Israel's former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is,Project Debater has some weaknesses.It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together.This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out,yet they also point to a fundamental problem.As Kristian Hammond,professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University,put it:"There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about. What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning,and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines.A computer works with symbols.Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another.But it does not specify what those symbols mean.Indeed,to a computer,meaning is irrelevant.Humans,in thinking,talking,reading and writing,also work with symbols.But for humans,meaning is everything.When we communicate,we communicate meaning.What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols,but the inside too,not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction,not of computation,interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads,but also outside,in society,in social memory,social conventions and social relations.It is this that distinguishes humans from machines.And that's why,however astonishing Project Debater may seem,the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. 5.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A.To explain the use of a software program. B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C.To introduce the designer of Projeet Debater. D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 6.What does the underlined word "wrinkles"in paragraph 2 refer to? A.Arguments. B.Doubts. C.Errors. D.Differences. 7.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A.Create rules. B.Comprehend meaning. C.Talk fluently. D.Identify difficult words. 8.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B.The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C.Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. 111141参考答案及超详思路 developed close ties,experienced adventures together and 3.C考查细节理解题。根据第四段中的“You'll hear these confronted evil wizards heroically. participants'stories and leam what strategies worked well for This thrilling experience taught me that friendship was the them,and what traps they encountered that you should light in the soul that changed hardship into hope and fear into aoid.”可知，在这本书第一部分的最后一章中，作者展示 bravery.Without my time machine,I couldn't have had such a 了一些实际的案例。故选C。 unique experience. 4.A考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a 佳句背诵 minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular 1.Having done research for one year,I invented a time circumstances,"可知，作者建议读者把书中提供的这些实 machine,which is shaped like a star with three automatie 例看作是一个工具箱，以此帮助自己建立一种适合个人特 dors,through which I can go in and out freely.已经做了 殊情况的极简主义生活方式。由此推知，作者建议读者根 一年的研究，我发明了一台时间机器，它的形状像一颗 据需要来使用书中第二部分所提供的实例。故选A。 星星，有三扇自动门，我可以通过它们自由进出 词汇积累 2.One day,the moment I thought of Harry Potter,in no time did I meet my best-loved boy wizard at his magie school. 名词：practice n.实践：通常的做法：练习（时间） 一天，我一想到哈利·波特，我立刻就在他的魔法学校 动词adopt.采用（某方法）encounter遭遇，遇到（尤 里见到了我最喜欢的巫师男孩。 指令人不快或困难的事)；偶然碰到；与…邂逅 3.This thrilling experience taught me that friendship was the 形容词：gital ad.数字式的 light in the soul that changed hardship into hope and fear 短语：make the case for..为…提供充分的理由cary out执行，实施 into bravery.这段惊心动魄的经历教会我，友谊是灵魂 之光，它能化煨雄为希望，化恐惧为勇敢 长难句分析 1.The goal of this book is to make the case for digital 高考专题大建构 主语 系功词 表语 minimalism. including a detailed exploration of (what it asks） and why it works),and then to 语篇导读》作者在文中介绍了一本书，该书旨在解释数宇极 宾语从句 宾语从句 简主义，并帮助诶者建立一种造合自己的极简主义生活 teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's 方式。 并列表语 条件状语从句 1.B考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的“The goal of this right for you). book is to make the case for digital minimalism”可知，该书旨 句意：这本书的日标是为数字极简主义提供充分的理由： 在解释数字极简主义，即提侣一种简单的数字生活方式。 包括对它的要求和它为什么有效的详细探索，然后如果 你认为它是适合你的，它还会教你如何采用这一哲学 故选B。 理念 2.A考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“This process requires 2.In part one,I describe the philosophical foundations of you to step away from optional online activities for thirty 主语谓语 宾语 days.”可知，这个过程(the digital declutter)要求读者在30 digital minimalism.starting with an examination of 天内远离可选择的网络活动，所以作者应是建议读者进行 现在分词短语作状语 数字化清理。由此推测，画线词declutter表示“清理”，与 the forces (that are making so many people's digital lives clear-up含义相近。枚选A。 定语从句 increasingly intolerable)],before moving on to a detailed ⊙技巧点拨根据上下文语境猜测词义 时间状语 解答词义猜测题时，考生可以利用上下文捉供的语 discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy 境，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义及句意。 句意：在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础， 如本题，画线词下文中作者建议读者在30天内运离可 首先是对使许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的力量 选择的网络活动，且本文的主题是数宇极简主义，所以 的研究，然后接者是对数字极简主义哲学的一个详细 可推知画线词意为“清理”，从而选出A项。 讨论。 英语YD5 练习生高中英语·选择性必修第四册·RJ B 单元重组大练习 语需导读》本文主要介绍了一款款件程序Project Debater。 Project Debater虽然可以击败人类论冠军，但也有明显缺 附一无法理解意义。因为社会交往与互动才是产生意 义的核心。 语隔导读》文章主要畅想了在2050年，得益于科技发展.人 5.B考查推理判断。根据关键词Noa Ovadia可查找到第一 类在人际交往、旅游度假、环境保护及治疗疾病等方面的 段中t的“..a software program called Project Debater beat its 巨大进步。 human opponents,including Noa Ovadia.,”,由此可知， 1.B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“We will be making Project Debater在辩论比赛中战胜了包括以色列前国家辩 new friends through the Internet ..our relationships with 论冠军在内的对手，该事实证明此程序非常聪明。所以， people won't be as important as they are today-we will feel a 作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Projeet little lonely.”可知，在2050年，人们更多地依赖网络交流， Debater的聪明。放选B。 缺乏面对面的互动交流，这弱化了人际关系的重要性，会 6.C考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“It takes sentences 使人们感到孤独。故选B。 from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together.This can lead to the kinds of errors no 2.C考查段落大意。第三段内容提到，到2050年，计算机 human would make..”可知，Project Debater从文档库和预先 还将在许多其他活动中帮助我们，比如，学生将在学校使 构建的论据中提取句子，并将它们串在一起，这可能导致 用计算机，机器人帮助做家务等。由此可知，该段主要讲 人类不会犯的错误。且根据画线词后面的“will no doubt 述了像计算机和机器人这样的机器会给人类带来很大帮 be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，画线词所在句子 助。放选C。 表示的是，这样的错误会被纠正，被解决，所以画线词 3.D考查词义猜测。根据画线单词所在句的上文“We wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和eror意思相近。故选C。 worry about ourselves and our children's future:we have T.B考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“What Hammond is expectations,hopes as well as fears..”和Bul可知，画线单词 referring to is the question of meaning...""A computer works 所在句与上文是转折关系，上文表达了人们对未来的担 with symbols...But it does not specify what those symbols 忧。由此可推知，画线单词所在句应表示作者对未来发展 mean.Indeed,to a computer,meaning is irrelevant.”可知， 持积极乐观的态度。sangiine意为“乐观的，充满希里 Hammond认为Project Debater不能理解意义。放选B。 的”，故选D。 8.A考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Meaning emerges 4.B考查主旨大意。根据第一段“We don'tknow how through a process of social interaction,not of computation, different our life will be in the future.We ean only try to interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our magine it..”并结合下文作者畅想在2050年，人类在人际 heas."可知，意义是在社会互动的过程中产生的，而这种 交往、旅游度假、环境保护及治疗疾病等方面的巨大进步 互动影响我们大脑对符号的理解。所以，从最后一段我们 可知，本文主要畅想了2050年人类的生话。故选B。 能了解到，社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。 词汇积累 长难句分析 What Hammond is referring to is the question of 名词：relationshipn.关系，联系cure n.治疗；疗法 主语从句 系动词 袁语 expectation n.预料：期望 meaning,and meaning is central to what distinguishes the 形容词：available ad.可获得的：可购得的：可找到的 并列 宾语从句 solar-powered ac或太阳能供电的 least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines). 夕 句意：Hammond所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不 语篇导读)文章通过假设说明人类应该把人工智能的发展 聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的核心 控制在人类的可控范国之内。 5.D考查推理判断。第二段中的“We don't hate them..The D6英语