内容正文:
译林版八年级下
Unit 1~Unit 4
教材知识梳理
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CONTENTS
重点短语
重点句型
重点语法
练一练
01
02
03
04
05
目录
词性变化
词性变化
01
词性变化
1.北;北方 n. →北方的,北部的 adj.
2.妻子 n. →(复数)
3.工厂 n. →(复数)
4.可能的 adj. →不可能的 adj. →可能性 n.
5.结婚,嫁,娶 v. →结婚的 adj.
*与某人结婚
6.交流,交际 v. →交流,交际 n.
*与某人交流
7.污染 v. →污染;污染物 n. →被污染的 adj.
8.采访;会见 n.&v. →采访者 n.
north northern
wife wives
factory factories
possible impossible possibility
marry married
marry sb/get married to sb
communicate communication
communicate with sb
pollute pollution polluted
interview interviewer
词性变化
9.美丽的 adj. →美丽;美人 n.
10.直达的,直接的 adj. →直接地 adv.
11.忙碌的 adj. →商业;生意 n.
12.飞,飞行 v. →(过去式) →(过去分词) →航班 n.
13.死 v. →死的 adj. →垂死的 adj. →死;死亡 n.
14.感觉到 v. →(过去式) →(过去分词) →感觉 n.
15.旅行 v. →旅行 n. →旅行者 n. →(过去式)
→(过去分词) *环游世界 *去旅行
16.想念,思念;错过 v. →(第三人称单数) →缺少的,丢失的 adj. *失踪
beautiful beauty
direct directly
busy business
fly flew flown flight
die dead dying death
feel felt felt feeling
travel travelling traveller travelled
travelled travel around the world go travelling
miss misses missing
go missing
词性变化
17.美洲;美国 n. →美国的;美国人 adj.&n.
18.欧洲 n. →欧洲的;欧洲人 adj.&n.
19.亚洲 n. →亚洲(人)的;亚洲人 adj.&n.
20.国家,民族 n. →国家的 adj. →国际的 adj.
21.昏暗的;深色的;暗色的 adj. →黑暗 n.
22.使高兴;使满意 v. →高兴,乐意 n. →令人愉快的 adj.
*不客气 *很愿意
23.控制;支配 v. →统治者 n.
24.放松,休息 v. →放松的;自在的 adj. →令人放松的 adj.
America American
Europe European
Asia Asian
nation national international
dark darkness
please pleasure pleasant
my pleasure with pleasure
rule ruler
relax relaxed relaxing
词性变化
25.法国 n. →法语;法国(人)的 n.&adj.
26.加拿大 n. →加拿大(人)的;加拿大人 adj.&n.
27.腹部;胃 n. →(复数)
28.图书馆 n. →(复数) →图书管理员 n.
29.一本(份,册);副本 n. →(复数)
30.成功 n. →成功的 adj. →成功地 adv.
→成功 v. *巨大的成功
31.德国 n. →德语;德国人;德国的 →(复数)德国人
32.自信的 adj. →信心 n.
33.能,能够 adj. →不能的 adj. →能力 n.
France French
Canada Canadian
stomach stomachs
library libraries librarian
copy copies
success successful successfully
succeed a great success
Germany German Germans
confident confidence
able unable ability
词性变化
34.写 v. →(过去式) →(过去分词)
→作家 n. *给某人写信 *写下
35.卖 v. →(过去式) →(过去分词) →(复数)销售量 n. 36.建议 v. →建议,忠告,劝告(不可数) n.
37.藏;隐藏 v. →(过去式) →(过去分词)
→隐藏的 adj.
38.翻译 v. →翻译 n. *把……翻译成……
39.捆,绑 v. →(现在分词)
write wrote written
writer write to sb write down
sell sold sold sales
advise advice
hide hid hidden
hidden
translate translation translate…into…
tie tying
重点短语
02
重点短语
1.过去常常做某事
2.和某人分享某物
3.对某人友善
4.骑自行车去上学
5.乘公交车
6.在……的北部
7.结婚
8.从那时起
9.变化很大
10.把……变成……
11.把……放进……
12.搬走
13.在某种程度上
14.感到一点孤独
15.不时,有时,偶尔
16.一生
17.更多地了解
18.生活条件
19.从……返回
20.出国
21.小学
22.和……保持联系
used to do sth
share sth with sb
be kind to sb
go to school by bike
take a bus/by bus
in the northern part of
get married
since then
change a lot
turn…into…
put…into…
move away
in some ways
feel a bit lonely
from time to time
all one's life
learn more about
living conditions
return from
go abroad
primary school
keep in touch with
重点短语
23.通过电子邮件交流
24.打牌
25.下中国象棋
26.习惯于,适应于
27.独自
28.开阔的空地
29.搬进
30.在他们空闲时间
31.……的首都
32.准备好
33.在路上
34.例如
35.下午晚些时候
36.追赶
37.忍不住一直做某事
38.照相
39.购物
40.一对;几个,几件
41.玩得开心
42.在……的第一天
43.中国园林
44.自然美景
communicate by email
play cards
play Chinese chess
be/get used to
on one's own
open space
move into
in their free time
the capital of
get ready
on the way
such as/for example
later in the afternoon
run after
cannot stop doing sth
take photos
do some shopping
a couple of
enjoy oneself/have fun on the first day of1
Chinese gardens
places of natural beauty
重点短语
45.海边城市
46.一年到头
47.在每年的那个时候
48.出差
49.乘坐直达航班
50.为某人检查某物
51.启程前往
52.一整天
53.看起来像
54.搜索信息
55.收发邮件
56.看录像
57.点击图标
58.在页面顶部
59.贸易中心
60.在……的最南端
61.在……中心
62.听说
63.关于……就讲这么多
64.在……底部
65.梦想;想象
66.实现你的梦想
seaside cities
all year round
at that time of year
on business
take a direct flight
check sth for sb
leave for
the whole day
look like
search for information
send and receive emails
watch videos
click on the icon
at the top of the page
the trade centre
at the southern end of
in the centre of
hear of
so much for sth
at the bottom of
dream of/about
realize your dream
重点短语
67.名胜
68.在线旅行
69.在……的东北海岸
70.……的对面
71.在线课程
72.问路
73.预订票和酒店
74.订餐
75.看医生
76.日常交流
77.日常英语
78.一个岛国
79.由……组成
80.有很长的历史
81.为……做准备
82.前几天
83.在某人空闲时间
84.到……时候为止
85.筋疲力尽
86.入睡
87.去睡觉
88.被绑在
places of interest
take an online tour
on the north-east coast of
the opposite of
online course
ask the way
book tickets and hotels
order meals
see a doctor
daily communication
daily English
an island country
be made up of
have a long history
prepare for
the other day
in one's spare time
by the time
be tired out
go to sleep
go to bed
be tied to…
重点短语
89.向下看
90.与……一样大
91.对……大喊
92.跌倒
93.继续做某事
94.设法做某事
95.一大群
96.朝某人径直走过来
97.上交,递交
98.寻求帮助
99.如此多有趣的书
100.……等等
101.准时
102.到目前为止
103.拒绝做某事
104.每次,依次
105.愿意做某事
106.决定做某事
107.征求某人关于书的建议
108.阅读习惯
109.给我关于书的建议
110.开启;开创;开辟
look down
the same size as…
shout at
fall over
continue doing sth
manage to do sth
a huge army of
come straight towards sb
hand in
ask for help
so many interesting books
and so on
on time
so far
refuse to do sth
at a time
be willing to do sth
decide to do sth
ask sb for advice on books
reading habits
give me advice on books
open up
重点句型
03
重点句型
1.You've changed too. You used to be so kind to me.你也变了。你过去对我那么好。
2.When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we've lived in this area since then.当我1965年结婚时,我和妻子搬到两个街区以外,此后一直住在这里。
3.Well, in some ways it is.嗯,在某种程度上是这样的。
4.Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.现在我时不时会觉得有点孤独。。
5.Anyway, it's good to see the amazing changes in the town.5不管怎样,能看到小镇这些令人惊叹的变化,还是不错的。
重点句型
6.She's just returned from the USA.她刚从美国回来。
7. When did you last see each other? 你们上次见面是什么时候?
8.So how do you keep in touch with each other?那你们是如何保持联系的呢?
9.I don't think it'll be a holiday for me.我想对我而言这不会是什么假期了。
10. I ran after them and couldn't stop taking photos. 我跟着他们跑,忍不住一直拍照片。
11.I bought a couple of key rings for classmates. I'm sure you'll love them.我给同学们买了几个钥匙环。我相信你们会喜欢的。
12.My dad has been to Chengdu on business twice. 我爸爸去成都出差过两次。
重点句型
13.We're going to take a direct flight to Chengdu.我们将搭乘直飞航班到成都。
14. My parents and I left for the airport in the early morning. 我和父母一大早就前往机场。
15.It took us about three and a half hours to fly to Hong Kong. 我们花了三个半小时飞到香港。
16.With several lakes, hills and a large green lawn, it's a good place to relax after a hard day's work.公园内有儿片湖水、儿座小山以及一大片绿草坪,是人们辛苦工作一天后放松的好去处。
重点句型
17. It has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century.自20世纪早期以来,它便以剧院闻名。
18.Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour?请你演示一下如何开始这个在线旅游好吗?
19.Have you decided what to do with these books? 你已决定怎么处理这些书了吗?
20.After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could. 在我们的船撞到礁石损坏之后,我奋力前游。
21.My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground.我的胳膊、腿和头发都被拴在地上!
重点句型
22.He was the same size as my little finger!他不过就我小手指那么点大!
23.However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.然而,他们很快又爬起来,继续在我身上走动。
24.I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.我试着挣脱一只手,最后终于弄断了绳索。
25.I looked down and saw a huge army of tiny people.我向下望去,看见一大群小人儿。
26.You don't have to come to our desk every time, just renew them online.你不必每次都来我们服务台办理。在线续借即可。
重点语法
04
重点语法
考点1: 现在完成时
一.用法
(1)现在完成时可用来表示过去已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。
—Let's see 1921. 我们看《1921》吧。—I've already seen it.我已经看过了。
(2)现在完成时也可用来表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。
Mr Zhang has lived here since 2006. 张先生自从2006年就住在这里。
二. 基本句式
基本句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他. The children have gone to Shanghai. 孩子们都去上海了。
否定句 主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. We have not seen her for long.我们很久没见到她了。
一般疑问句及其回答 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.
否定回答:No,主语+haven't/hasn't. —Has she arrived in Beijing? 她已经到北京了吗?
—Yes, she has./No, she hasn't. 是的,她已经到了。/不,她还没到。
二
重点语法
三.过去分词的变化规则
四.时间状语
现在完成时常与already、 yet、 just、 ever、 never、 recently 等词以及for、since引导的时间状语连用。
变化规则 例词
规则
动词
的变
化 直接在词尾加-ed work→worked
open→opened
以不发音的e结尾的词直接加-d live→lived
realize→realized
以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词,变y为i,再加-ed study→studied
hurry→hurried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped
plan→planned
重点语法
五. have/has been和 have/has gone的用法
(1)have/has been表示某人曾经去过某地,并且已经回来。常与ever、 never、 once、 twice、 three times等连用,但不能与时间段连用。
Mr Wang has been to Xizang three times. 王先生去过西藏三次。
(2)have/has gone表示某人已经去了某地,但还没回来。
Mr Zhang has gone to Shanghai. 张先生已经去上海了。
"have/has been in+地点名词"常与表示一段时间的状语连用,表示某人已在某地停留一段时间,现在仍在那里。
I have been in America for two years.我到美国已有两年了。
重点语法
六. for和since的用法
重点语法
七. 延续性动词和非延续性动词
延续性动词表示的动作可以持续,能够与表示一段时间的状语连用。非延续性动词又称为瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示的动作不能持续,在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
当现在完成时的时间状语是一段时间时,句中的谓语动词不能用非延续性动词,这时,可把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。
重点语法
考点2:一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
一. 用法不同
时态 用法 例句
一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态,说话的侧重点在陈述过去发生的事情或状态。 My mother was a doctor five years ago.我妈妈五年前是名医生。 (五年前是医生,与现在无关)
现在完成时 表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成(不一定结束)的动作或状态,强调造成的结果或对现在产生的影响。 My mother has been a doctor for five years .我妈妈当医生五年了。 (从五年前到现在一直是医生)
重点语法
二. 时间状语不同
时态 时间状语 例句
一般过去时 通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday、the day before yesterday、last week(night,month,year)、the other day、in 2018、just now、at the age of 10、two years ago等。 I did not help him with his English last week.上周我没有帮助他学英语。
现在完成时 通常和频度副词或表示一段时间的状语连用。如:already、yet、just、never、ever、before、recently、so far、in/during/over the past two years、for five days、since last year等。 Our school life has changed a lot since 2022.我们的学校生活自2022年以来发生了很大变化。
重点语法
考点3:疑问词+动词不定式
动词不定式常与疑问代词what、 which、 who和疑问副词how、 when、 where等连用,构成"疑问词+动词不定式"结构,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等多种句子成分。
When to have the party has not been decided.什么时候举行聚会还没有决定。(作主语)
The question is how to get there in such a short time. 问题是如何在如此短的时间内到达那儿。(作表语)
The restaurant has so many dishes that I can't decide which to eat. 这个饭店有如此多的菜品以至于我不能决定吃哪道菜。(作宾语)
(1)常和"疑问词+动词不定式"结构连用的动词及短语有:know、see、hear、ask、learn、decide、tell、advise、explain、forget、remember、think、understand、wonder、find out等。
He doesn't know where to go this winter vacation. 他不知道这个寒假去哪里。
(2)"疑问词+动词不定式"结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句,从而把简单句改为复合句,其意义不变。
Tony doesn't know what to do. = Tony doesn't know what he should do. 托尼不知道他应该做什么。
所有疑问词中,只有why不能与动词不定式连用
重点语法
考点4:must 和have to的用法
(1)must表示主观的义务和必要,意为"必须,得,要";have to表示一种客观的需要,意为"不得不"。
All passengers must wear seat belts. 所有乘客都必须系安全带。
(2)must没有人称、数和时态的变化,后接动词原形;have to有人称、数和时态的变化。
I must go now.我现在必须走了。
(3)在否定句中, mustn't表示禁止,意为"不许,不能";don't/doesn't/didn't have to意为"不必,无须",相当于needn't。
You mustn't tell him about it.你不能告诉他这件事。
(4)回答含有must的一般疑问句时,其肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't或don't have to;回答含有have to的一般疑问句时,要用do的适当形式。
—Must I leave now?我现在必须离开吗?
—Yes, you must./No, you don't have to/needn't.是的,你必须(离开)。/不,你不必。
—Does Jack have to stay at home on Sunday? 杰克星期天必须待在家里吗?
—Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.是的,他必须(待在家里)。/不,他不必(待在家里)。
练一练
05
练一练
一、单项选择
1.He used to _____ in a village,but now he has been used to _____ in the big city.( )
A.live; living B.live; live C.living; living D.living; live
2. — Look,the light is still on in Helen's office.
— Maybe she her work yet.( )
A.doesn't finish B.won't finish C.hasn't finished D.didn't finish
3.More and more teenagers have poor eyesight,so parents and teachers should take actions the situation from getting worse.( )
A.stop B.stopping C.stopped D.to stop
4.I'm so glad that I _____ nearly half of the test now.( )
A.finish B.finished C.will finish D.have finished
A
C
D
D
练一练
5. — ________ has your grandpa lived here? — Since last year.( )
A.How often B.How long C.How soon D.How far
6. — Where is your father?
— He ______ Australia and he______Sydney for two weeks.( )
A.has been to;has been in B.has gone to;has been in
C.has been in;has been to D.has gone to;has been to
7 —______Tom with his sister _______the Leaning Tower of Pisa?—Yes,only once.( )
A.Have;been in B.Has;been to C.Has;gone to D.Have;been to
8.—Whose dictionary is this?
—It _____be Jeff's,Look!His name is on Page One.( )
A. should B. can’t C. need D. must
B
B
B
D
练一练
9. exciting experience we had in Hong Kong Disneyland!( )
A.What B.How C.What an D.How an
10.Our teachers have been with us for nearly three years ________ we came to junior high school. We should thank them for what they have done for us.( )
A.until B.before C.since D.when
11. — How many students are there in each group?
— Usually each group _______ six students in our class.( )
A.is made from B.is made up of C.is made in D.is made of
12.Sally sat ______ Harry and they had lunch face to face.( )
A.beside B.next to C.opposite D.behind
C
B
C
C
练一练
13.﹣Would you mind not football in the hallway?﹣Sorry,I won't.( )
A.play B.playing C.to play D.played
14.﹣How can I open the file (文件) on the computer?
﹣That's easy. Just double it.( )
A.get on B.turn on C.try on D.click on
15.________ is in the UK and the kings and queens live there.( )
A.The Palace Museum B.Buckingham Palace
C.The White House D.The Summer Palace
16.The idiom(成语) " Mengzi's mother makes three moves " tells of a mother who did all she could to provide the best for her child.( )
A.experience B.environment C.Instructions D.information
D
B
B
B
练一练
17.—My classmates are playing on the playground. Can I join them,Miss Lin?
— ______ Not until you have completed the Maths exercises.( )
A.Why not? B.Will you? C.I hope so. D.I'm afraid not.
18.Lucy hit her head __________ the wall when reading the message on the phone.Luckily,she wasn't hurt.( )
A.against B.opposite C.on D.above
19.Don't try to do everything at once. Take it a bit __________.( )
A.at that time B.all the time C.at times D.at a time
20.﹣How long can I keep this dictionary?
﹣Two weeks. You must _______ it on time.( )
A.collect B.call C.return D.borrow
A
D
D
C
练一练
二、用所给单词正确形式填空(共5小题)
21.I am afraid the life we are used to (change) a lot in 20 years.
22.I'm considering who (talk) with about the serious problem now.
23.We are going to Paris next week. It's a good chance to try some
(France) dishes.
24.He likes to go (sail) on the sea with his friends during holidays.
25.I am against ( tie) the dog to the tree.
to talk
will change
French
sailing
tying
练一练
三、语法填空
Henry is (1) American businessman. One day,when he was sailing(航行) on a
boat near San Francisco,he was carried out into the sea by a strong wind.
(2) (luck),he was discovered and picked up by a London﹣bound(开往伦敦的) ship. So he (3) (land)in London by accident. Alone and (4)
(hunger),he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly,he was called into a big house. There two rich (5) (brother),Oliver and Roderick,gave him a letter and told (6) (he) not to open it until two o‘clock of the day. Henry didn’t know it was a million﹣pound (百万英镑) banknote. He (7) (leave)the big house and went into a cheap restaurant to get something to eat. Everyone was impolite and impatient to him. Why? (8) he was in rags(衣衫褴褛) and looked dirty. Then,(9)__everyone's surprise,he handed the owner a million﹣pound banknote to pay for the meal. On seeing the banknote,all the people in the restaurant became friendly (10) tried their best to please Henry. Don't you think it's the most unbelievable story in the world?
an
Luckily
landed
hungry
brothers
him
left
Because
to
and
Thank you !
what for?
sAr
courtship, track 3, disc 1
2011
211134.42
XXX -
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