课时作业12 UNIT 12 Section ⅡLESSON1SCIENTIFICBREAKTHROUGHS-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2024）

课时作业（十二）|UNIT12 答案精解Pm Section LESSON1(限时：45分钟) 层级一 语用巩固 I,品句填词 4.We can predict changes with a surprising degree of 1.Theo of the experiment was unexpected. (accurate). 2.Her o personality sometimes offends 5.The (propose)to build a new park people. has received widespread support. 3.The latest f in cancer research give 6.Any further (correspond)should be sent to my new address. hope for a new treatment. 4.The project was a (共同的)effort 7.He was initially reluctant to take the position,but (subsequent)agreed to do so. between the two schools. 8.We can now communicate (instant) 5.The World Cup was transmitted around the world with people on the other side of the world. by (人造卫星) 9.We take consumer complaints very seriously and 6.He has acquired a reputation as this country's resolve them as quickly and (efficient) (最好的)solo violinist. as possible. 7.We have (发射)another man-made 10.He always used simple, (relative) satellite,which is announced in today's newspaper. cheap cameras and took all his pictures on the 8.In my (谦虚的，谦卑的)opinion,we streets of New York,not in a studio. should never have bought the car in the first place. Ⅲ.单句写作 9.He (察觉，注意到)himself to be a 1.She called me (一…就) failure,though nothing could be further from the truth. she got the good news. 10.Yang spoke to two astronauts aboard the International 2.She (做了头发)at the Space Station,which is (沿轨道运 new salon. 行)the Earth. 3.The novel (分为三部 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 )each from a different character's perspective. 1. (constant)remind myself to be patient. 4.After the disaster,many people 2.This phenomenon can be explained (向…捐赠食物和水)thc (scientific). affected areas. 3.His generous (donate)helped many 5.The data in the report does not students afford college. (与…相符)our findings.. ·122 层级二 素养提升 V.阅读 1.Which city will attract cyclists interested in photography? Bike-friendly cities around the world A.Beijing.B.Malmo.C.Montreal.D.Bogota. Cycling is kind to the environment so it is an 2.What do Beijing and Bogota have in common? excellent way to take in the city.Here are 4 bike- A.Improvement in cycling facility. friendly cities adopting this green mode of transport B.Shift in primary means of transportation. to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. C.Regular investment in building bicycle paths. Malmo,Sweden D.Multiple specific cycle paths connecting districts. Cycling in Malmo is enjoyable due to the relaxed 3.What makes Montreal different from other cities? and easy-going manner of most cyclists.The calming A.The most bike-friendly city. atmosphere makes it a great experience,even for B.The oldest protected bike paths. nervous riders.A highly recommended bike route is C.An annual bicycle event. from Ribersborg park to Limhamn Harbour,where D.The most calming effect on cyclists. riders can take a few good photos of the famous V,阅读七选五 Oresund Bridge. In the world of writing,one form stands out as Beijing,China different from all the rest:poetry.1 But reading In the 1970s,bicycles were the main mode of poetry,completing poetry exercises,and writing poetry transportation for people in Beijing.However,dedicated are creative methods for improving your writing in (专用的)cycle paths for cyclists were limited..Only other genres(体裁). in May 2019,did the city launch its first specific Mindful Imagery cycle path.This achievement in cycling facility is Most writing forms attempt to explain something-a worth a shout-out for a city with over 21 million people. scene,a situation,an idea,a set of instructions,an Bogota,Colombia experience.2 It shows.It paints a picture and Bogota first introduced the concept of cycle path pulls you into it.When you master the art of showing in 1974.The idea sees cars being banned from city readers an idea through imagery,you can easily roads every Sunday from 7 a.m.to 2 p.m.,helping apply the concept to your other writing cyclists,runners and walkers exercise safely.Since Language,Word Choice,and Vocabulary then,the city has slowly but steadily expanded the Of course,language is essential to all types of program,including setting up dedicated cycle paths. writing,but in poetry,words must be selected As a result,Bogota now has 550km of bike paths carefully in order to generate a visceral(发自肺腑的) and is the most bike-friendly city in Latin America. response from readers.This is achieved by learning Montreal,Canada how to use language that evokes()emotions without Montreal has already established protected bike telling readers what they should be feeling.3 paths since the 1980s.BIXI is the city's bike-sharing Musicality system with 9,600 bikes and almost 800 stations. A poet must be constantly aware of meter and Cyclists can make their visit to the Tour de L'lle rhythm.Think about how you feel when you hear a Montreal,a yearly bike ride where cyelists take to particular piece of music.You tap your feet and the streets for a day without any other vehicles being shake your hips.Our bodies respond physically to allowed on the roads. music.4 When this musicality is brought to ·.123· other forms of writing,readers feel it in their bones 9 the ancient technique.Years after that,he and muscles.They will have a physical reaction. mastered the technique.He 10 that mosaics can 5 And poetry writing helps you develop be just as significant today as the art form over 1,000 skills for connecting with readers mentally language), years ago."I just saw that there was a(n)11 to emotionally(images),and physically(rhythm).Whether bring it into the new age as a contemporary subject," you apply poetic concepts to fiction,blogging,or he says. article writing,your engagement with poetry will So,Bachor decided to make a special piece of help you produce better writing. 12 for that pothole.He has 13 mosaic A.Poetry doesn't bother to explain. pothole art around Chicago,Detroit,New York City B.Writing is about connecting with readers. and even in Finland. C.Poetry is not a favorite form of writing for many. While he may not be getting 14 from drivers or D.Every single word must be necessary to the poem. passengers,Bachor's art is 15 a pleasant surprise to E.But poetry is like music and there's something for discover. everyone. 1.A.body B.rock C.car D.sand F.Therefore,poetry teaches writers how to be economical 2.A.challenging B.interesting with language. C.discouraging D.annoying G.Through poetry writing comes a natural ability to 3.A.modern B.ancient marry musicality with language. C.brief D.mysterious M.完形填空 4.A.objects B.ideas C.routines D.projects We've all been there before:You're driving 5.A.duty B.career down the road when suddenly a pothole seems to C.belief D.instruction appear out of nowhere and sends the 1 jumping. 6.A.traveling B.living Most people think potholes are 2 but artist Jim C.working D.studying Bachor sees them as a canvas for his artwork. 7.A.last B.connect C.fade D.resolve Bachor uses the 3 art form of mosaic to 8.A.reminded B.confused create eye-catching,colorful images of famous artists C.troubled like Aretha Franklin or simple everyday 4 like D.impressed 9.A.introduce food.He even makes less-appealing visuals of insects. B.perform Bachor was a graphic designer for 20 years C.promote D.describe before he began his 5 in mosaic.He regards an 10.A.argued B.imagined incidental trip to Europe as his motivation to change C.remembered D.realized careers.While 6 in Italy,Bachor fell in love 11.A.link B.time with Pompeii,the preserved ancient Roman city.A C.opportunity D.voice tour guide pointed out a mosaic,made of mainly 12.A.artwork B.machinery-work glass and marble,and told Bachor,"Glass and C.code D.literature marble don't 7 So,this looks essentially the 13.A.discovered B.created way the artist intended."Bachor says,"That kind of C.improved D.taught staying power just 8 me so much. 14.A.help B.invitation C.money D.praise A year later Bachor returned to attend a mosaic 15.A.nearly B.merely class in Ravenna,Italy,to learn the proper way to C.certainly D.hardly ·124·层级二 素养提升 Ⅱ，单句语法填空 V,阅读 1.constantly 2.scientifically 3.donation 4.accuracy 5.proposal 6.correspondence 7.subsequently 8.instantly 语篇 主题语境：人与社会/艺术。本文为指南，介绍了 9.efficiently 10.relatively 导读2025年插画创意比赛的相关事宜。 Ⅲ.单句写作 1.the instant 1.A细节理解题。根据第一段最后三句可知，比赛的获奖者 2.got her hair done 将得到所在领域的最高的地位，从而得到业界的广泛认可， 3.is split into three sections 故选A项。 4.donated food and water to 2.C细节理解题。根据Entries Can Be Submitted in the Following ormats部分介绍可知，PNG格式的图片不符合参赛要求，故 5.correspond with/to 选C项。 层级二 素养提升 3.C数字计算题。根据llustration Competition Categories& N,阅读 Entry Fees下表格内容可知，提交三张封面插图需要支付 主题语境：人与自然/环境保护。本文为应用文， 语篇 80美元。结合Late Fees部分内容可知，在2025年4月13日 介绍了四个采用绿色交通方式来减少温室气体排放的 导读 后提交插图需要交超时费，每张10美元。所以，2025年4月 自行车友好型城市。 20日提交三张封面插图需要支付80十3×10=110美元，故 1.B细节理解题。根据Malmo,Sweden部分末句可知，Malmo会 选C项。 吸引对摄影感兴趣的骑行者，故选B项。 8 2.A细节理解题。根据Beijing,China部分末句和Bogota, 主题语境：人与自我/做人与做事。本文为记叙 Colombia部分前三句可知，北京和Bogota的共同点是都改善 语篇 文，介绍了Sandra Marshall通过不断努力从一个肖像 了单车骑行设施，故选A项。 导读 画和壁画画家到一个艺术提倡者，并宣传和推动艺术 3.C细节理解题。根据Montreal,.Canada部分末句可知，让 的故事。 蒙特利尔不同于其他城市的是它举行一年一度的自行车活 4.D推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知，Sandra改变她的 动，故选C项， 艺术主题，是希望让烹任变得更有吸引力，故选D项。 V,阅读七选五 5.C段落大意题。第三段主要介绍了Sandra的成就，故选C项。 语篇 主题语境：人与社会/文学。本文为说明文，说明 6.B细节理解题。根据第四段末句可知，Sandra为宣传和推 导读 了诗歌能提高写作能力。 动艺术举办大型绘画活动，故选B项。 1.C转折关系。空处后面用了But介绍与诗歌有关的各项活 7.D标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了Sandra Marshall通过不断 努力从一个肖像画和壁画画家到一个艺术提倡者，并宜传和 动可以帮助你提高其他体裁的写作能力，由此可知，空处指 推动艺术的故事，故选D项。 出诗歌独树一帜的特性并不被大多数人所接受，故选C项。 U 2.A对比关系。上文介绍了大部分体裁的写作都是在解释说 明，空处应介绍诗歌写作的特点，下文的It shows进一步说 主题语境：人与社会/历史、社会与文化。本文为 明，故选A项。 语篇 说明文，介绍了中国动画行业的起源和发展、传统文化 3.F总结关系。上文介绍了诗歌的语言特点及创作要领，根 导读 对动画作品的影响、日本动画师对中国动画的评价以 及中国动画行业在国内外市场的影响力和发展潜力。 据语境可推知，空处应说明这些特点能为其他它体裁的写作 带来什么帮助。F项中的language与小标题及上文中的 8.A细节理解题。根据第一段末句可知，传统文化通过提供 language构成原词复现，故选F项。 灵感对动画作品产生影响，故选A项。 4.G顺承关系。上文提出诗歌与音乐具有相似性，人们能自 9.C词句猎测题。画线词所在句讲到，使用了原始技术的动 然对音乐做出反应，且下文中的this musicality指代不明，由此可 画片《舒振东华文打字机》在1992年第一次放映，推测debut 知，空处应当指出诗歌与musicality是如何关联的，故选G项。 的词义应为首次亮相，故选C项。 5.B总分关系。根据上下文语境可知，本段主要介绍诗歌写 10.D推理判断题。根据第四段末句可知，日本动画师对中国 作如何帮助创作者与读者建立连接，B项符合语境，且B项中 动画作品的态度是肯定的，故选D项。 的connecting with readers与下文中的connecting with 11.B推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，中国动画行业正在充 readers构成原词复现，故选B项。 满希望地发展，故选B项。 Ⅵ.完形填空 课时作业（十二） 主题语境：人与社会/艺术。本文为记叙文，讲述 语篇 层级一语用巩固 了艺术家巴赫尔把自己的镶嵌艺术作品放到路面上的 导读 I.品句填词 浅玩里，不仅能给路过的人欣赏，还能起到提醒作用。 1.outcome 2.outspoken 3.findings 4.joint 5.satellite 1.C 根据上文You're driving down the road可推知，凹坑让车 6.premier 7.launched 8.humble 9.perceives 10.orbiting 颠簸跳跃。 ·153· 2.D根据下文but artist Jim Bachor,可知，上下文是转折关 层级二 素养提升 系，此处表示大多数人认为坑洞很烦人(annoying)., N.阅读 3.B句意：巴赫尔利用古老的镶嵌艺术形式，创造了诸如著名 主题语境：人与自我/善于学习。本文为记叙文。 艺术家如艾瑞莎·富兰克林的引人注目、丰富多彩的形象， 语篇 作者以亲身经历证明了通过学习可以创作优秀的非小 导读 或者简单的日常物品像食物。根据下文9 the ancient 说类写作。 technique可知，这是古代艺术形式，故选B项。 1.D细节理解题。根据第一段末句可知，Dave认为不管什么 4.A句意参见上题解析。根据like food和everyday可推知， 类型的写作都是需要天赋的，故选D项。 此处指简单的日常物体(object)。 2.B细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，该课程涵盖小说类 5.B根据下一句可知，此处指的是事业(career)。 和非小说类写作，因此作者选择了该课程，故选B项。 6.A根据下文的A tour guide可知，巴赫尔去意大利旅行，故 3.B推理判断题。第四段提到，“我”带着秒表看了几个星期， 选A项 记录了由于非“我”自己的过错而浪费的时间，比如等电梯 7.C根据下一句可知，玻璃和大理石没有褪色(fade),本质上 地铁和有轨电车，在红灯前被拦下，看电视广告。然后“我” 把结果变成了另一篇文章，由此推知，作者记录浪费的时间 还是艺术家的本意。last持续；connect连接；resolve分解。 是在为新的文章做准备，故选B项。 8.D根据下文to learn the proper way to9 the ancient 4.A推理判断题。作者以亲身经历证明了通过学习可以学会 technique可知，这种持久力让巴赫尔印象深刻(impress)。 创作优秀的非小说类写作，故选A项。 9.B根据下一句可推知，巴赫尔参加课程学习做(perform)这 V.完形填空 种古代技术。 主题语境：人与社会/社会服务。本文为新闻报 l0.D根据下文to bring it into the new age as a contemporary 语篇 道，一个动物教助站为一条叫梵高的狗画的抽象作品 subject可知，巴赫尔意识到(realize)在今天镶嵌工艺也是重 导读 办画展，画展没客人的惨状在网上传开后，却成功吸引 要的。 关注。 11.C根据下文可知，巴赫尔看到了使用这种工艺的机会 1,B为了使更多的人能收养那些狗，救援人员的想法必须很 (opportunity). 有创意(creative),给一只叫梵高的狗开画展，以吸引人们的 12。A根据下一句可知，巴赫尔为那个凹坑制作了一个特殊的 关注。 艺术品(artwork). 2.C逃离原来的恶劣处境后，这只无家可归的狗藏身于 l3.B根据下文mosaic pothole art并结合上下文语境可知，巴 (hiding)排水管，C项比较合理。 赫尔创造了(create)镶嵌工艺坑洞艺术。 3.A有人把这狗带走，目的是非法斗狗，打斗导致他耳朵受 l4.D根据下文a pleasant surprise并结合上下文语境可推知， 损。be used for被用来做…。blame指责；arrest逮捕： 尽管巴赫尔没有得到来自司机和乘客的表扬(praise)。 support支持。 15.C结合下文a pleasant surprise to discover可知，尽管没有 4.B当他逃脱时，他的左耳已经严重受损，需要切除(remove)。 keep保留：cover覆盖：adjust调整。 得到表扬，但是巴赫尔的艺术作品无疑(certainly)是一个令 5.D没有了左耳的这条狗赢得了(earm)“梵高”这个艺术家的 人惊喜的发现。 名字，因为梵高也没有左耳。 课时作业（十三） 6.D“获救后永远幸福”是一个动物救援收容所(shelter),梵 高被他们带回得以庇护。 层级一语用巩固 7,A根据文章最后一句可知，最后有人发送了领养梵高的申 I,单句语法填空 请，但根据sadly推知，当初没有人提交(hand in)申请表表示 1.on 2.By 3.theoretical 4.were overcome 5.evaluation 愿意领养梵高。take over接手；pay off还清；focus on专 6.emerged 注于。 Ⅱ，选词填空 8.C狗来回走动，走动中导致塑料袋里的颜料沾在画布上，深 1.A number of 2.as a result 3.rather than 4.separate from 深浅浅成为一幅画，导致狗来回走动是因为他在吃袋子外面 5.is proud of 6.prevented from 7.lead to 8.In spite of 撒(spread)的花生酱。 9.at the age of 10.look up at 9,B这个被叫做梵高的狗，在舔舐袋子外的花生酱的过程中 所作的画，不为大家理解，很是抽象(abstract)。 Ⅲ.单句写作 1.We all consider him to be a wise leader. l0.C教援人员觉得梵高画的画很好，是杰作(masterpiece),还 画了l0幅，足够安排一次画展了。application应用：adventure冒 2.The problem is that it is too expensive for everyday use. 险；survey调查。 3.She knew what was under discussion,although she could not 11.A根据gain可知，这只叫梵高的狗的画，跟当年的梵高的 hear what they were saying. 画一样无人问津。人们对于这条叫梵高的狗的画不感兴趣， 4.The festival is in memory/honour of a Chinese poet. 所以不准备(ready)接受他的画。 5.She is not only thoughtful,but (also)she sacrifices her own l2.D根据waited patiently for his guests to arrive,以及转折 interests for those of others. 连词but可知，只有两个人出现(show)在画展上， 154·