UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ Topic Talk-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册作业与测评word（北师大版2019）

One, IT is the encouragement of my teachers and parents that contributes to my success. Two, every wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and hand out food to homeless people in the community. Three, learning that you are really a sports enthusiast, i'm writing to invite you to . participate in IT. 英语　必修·第二册　作业与测评 UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE 　Section Ⅰ　Topic Talk 课时作业(一) [基础训练] Ⅰ　根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．A ________ (水灾) had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. 答案：flood 2．The ________ (标题) is right at the top of the page. 答案：title 3．The people here are reduced to dire poverty because of natural ________ (灾难)． 答案：disasters 4．But evidence suggests that farmers ________ (过度使用) water because it is cheap. 答案：overuse 5．This pattern of woods and fields is typical of the English ________ (风景)． 答案：landscape 6．It is important to enrich the s________ prior to planting. 答案：soil 7．The way coffee is grown affects the global e________． 答案：ecology 8．His l________ ranged over a number of topics. 答案：lecture 9．We decided to go deeper into the j________． 答案：jungle 10．The international community need to advance cooperation on c________ change. 答案：climate Ⅱ　单句语法填空 1．The ________ (erupt) of volcano makes many people lose their lives. 答案：eruption 2．Two young deer ________ (be) leaping about in the meadow yesterday. 答案：were 3．The ________ (live) people should learn to cherish life. 答案：living 4．Her work has given pleasure to millions ________ readers. 答案：of 5．________ (crowd) markets are a good hunting ground for pickpockets. 答案：Crowded Ⅲ　单句表达 1．她对我的工作提出了有用的意见。 She made ________________________ my work. 答案：useful comments on 2．新来的人对糟糕的工作条件感到震惊。 The newcomers ________________ the terrible working conditions. 答案：were shocked at 3．我有困难的时候他置之不理，这确实令我失望。 He ________________ on me when I was in trouble, which turned me down. 答案：turned his back 4．我知道有一个品尝一流美食的地方。 I know ________________ the food is first­class. 答案：a place where 5．机场、火车站和长途汽车站挤满了回家的人们。 Airports, railway stations and long­distance bus stations ________________ people heading home. 答案：are crowded with [思维训练] Ⅰ　阅读 A Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by traveling west from Europe. In order to find Asia they had to find a way past South America. The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan. Magellan sailed from Seville in September 1519 with five ships and about 266 men. Thirteen months later, after spending a severe winter on the coast of Patagonia, he discovered the channel which is now called Magellan's Strait. In November 1520, after many months of dangers from rocks and storms, during which two ships were lost, the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America. They then continued, hoping to reach Asia. But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia. Before they arrived at these islands, later known as the Philippines, his men were dying of starvation. While they were staying in the Philippines, Magellan was killed in battle. The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain. They decided to sail round Africa. After many difficulties, one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving. They were all that remained of Magellan's expedition. However, their achievement was great. They were the first men to sail round the world. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Magellan (麦哲伦)及其船队第一次从欧洲向西航行到亚洲，完成环球航行的探险之旅。 1．The purpose of Magellan's expedition was ________． A．to sail round the world B．to find a sea route to India C．to make a voyage to Asia D．to carry men to Philippines 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，16世纪早期，欧洲人试图向西航行，经大西洋到太平洋，然后到达亚洲，从而找到一条从海上去亚洲的路线。故选C。 2．Which of the following isn't mentioned in the passage concerning the expedition? A．Lack of navigation equipment. B．Severe winter in Patagonia. C．The death of Magellan. D．Dangers from rocks and storms. 答案：A　细节理解题。文章在第二段中提到了“after spending a severe winter on the coast of Patagonia”，还提到了“after many months of dangers from rocks and storms”，在第三段中提到了“Magellan was killed in battle”，但全文没有提及“navigation equipment (航海设备)”方面的问题。故选A。 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．Magellan's Expedition B．The Discovery of the Philippines C．The Most Dangerous Expedition in Navigation D．The First Expedition to Asia 答案：D　标题判断题。本文主要讲述的是Magellan及其船队从西班牙出发，第一次从欧洲到达亚洲，再回到西班牙，完成历史上首次环球航行的经历。D项最适合作文章的标题，故选D。 B What is the greatest threat to mankind? Maybe different people come up with different answers. However, there is no denying the fact that the only threat to humankind, apart from humankind itself, is, without any doubt, the nature. Natural disasters are the result of natural environmental processes that have a damaging effect on people. Natural disasters can come in many forms：such as geological events like earthquakes, tsunamis or mud­rock flows, climatic events like storms, hurricanes or tornadoes and fire events like forest fires and wildfires. The damage done by natural disasters is mainly as a result of our inability to predict exactly when they will happen. Although great progress has been made in designing and developing forecasting models for some natural disaster, complete certainty is still impossible. Even to be pessimistic there is a possibility that human beings will never achieve accurate prediction of the happening of all natural disasters. What's more, even though we were able to predict these disasters from nature, preventing them is equally impossible. So we only have two ways to both prevent injuries or deaths and reduce economic losses to the least. These two methods are to prepare before a natural disaster comes to hit, and to manage the necessary resources and public services after a natural disaster strikes. These two things have always been at the leading position of the projects of both national governments and international organizations. In the United States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is responsible for the “preparedness, response and recovery planning” of both man­made and natural disasters. Most natural disasters cannot be prevented, and both emergency preparation and good disaster management are the best ways to deal with them. Although natural events may appear to serve no purpose but simply to punish and destroy, natural disasters, a perfect symbol of the great power of the nature, are display of our planet's evolution and its state of change. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然灾害是人类最大的威胁，人类面对自然灾害最佳的处理办法就是应急准备和良好的灾害管理。 4．Which can't be regarded as a similarity between tornadoes and earthquakes? A．They can not be prevented. B．They are both geological events. C．They cause damage to people. D．They are both the result of natural environmental processes. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Natural disasters can come in many forms ... and fire events like forest fires and wildfires.”可知，龙卷风属于气象灾害，地震属于地质灾害，它们属于不同的灾害类型，不能作为它们的相似之处。故选B。 5．The reason why natural disasters cause so much damage is that ________． A．it is very difficult to predict when exactly they will happen B．our forecasting equipment is too old for many natural disasters C．we don't do enough preparation before natural disasters strike D．we don't have the necessary public services to use after natural disasters strike 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The damage done by natural disasters is mainly as a result of our inability to predict exactly when they will happen.”可知，自然灾害造成如此大的破坏的原因是很难准确预测它们何时会发生。故选A。 6．It may be concluded from the passage that ________． A．natural disasters can not be predicted at all B．human beings are pessimistic to the future C．being well­prepared can avoid economic losses D．good preparation and disaster management are advisable 答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Most natural disasters cannot be prevented, and both emergency preparation and good disaster management are the best ways to deal with them.”可知，大多数自然灾害是无法预防的，人类做好准备和灾害管理的办法是可取的。故选D。 7．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．A symbol of the power of nature B．The greatest threat to mankind C．Natural disasters and mankind D．Reduce losses to the least 答案：C　标题判断题。通读全文可知，第一段主要讲述了人类面临自然灾害的种类；第二段主要讲述了自然灾害造成如此大的破坏的原因；第三、四及五段主要讲述了人类应对这些灾害的两种最佳办法。因此，C项(自然灾害和人类)最适合作为文章的标题。故选C。 Ⅱ　语法填空 It's time to reconsider food. Around the globe, food problems threaten wildlife, wild places and the planet itself. Today, 7.3 billion people consume 1.6 times __1__ the earth's natural resources can supply. By 2050, the world's population __2__ (reach) 9 billion and the demand for food will double. So how do we produce more food for more people without __3__ (expand) the land and water already in use? We can't double the amount of food. __4__ (fortunate), we don't have to—we just have to double the amount of food available now instead. __5__ short, we must freeze the footprint of food. In the near term, food production is enough to provide for all, but it doesn't reach everyone who needs it. About 1.3 billion tons of food __6__ (waste) each year—four times the amount __7__ (need) to feed the more than 800 million people who are __8__ (hunger)． By improving efficiency and productivity while reducing waste and shifting consumption __9__ (pattern), we can produce enough food for everyone by 2050 on roughly __10__ same amount of land we use now. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章旨在介绍全球食物短缺问题并探讨目前可行的解决办法。 1. what　考查宾语从句的引导词。此处用what引导宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作supply的宾语。故填what。 2．will reach　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“By 2050”可知，此处表示将来。故填will reach。 3．expanding　考查非谓语动词。without为介词，后接动词­ing形式。故填expanding。 4．Fortunately　考查词性转换。修饰整个句子用副词。故填Fortunately。 5．In　考查固定搭配。in short “简而言之”，是固定短语。位于句首首字母需大写。故填In。 6．is wasted　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处主语是food，因此谓语动词用单数；表示食物被浪费，要用被动语态；且表示一般情况，因此要用一般现在时。故填is wasted。 7．needed　考查非谓语动词。设空处在句子中作后置定语，和所修饰amount之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词needed，相当于which is needed。故填needed。 8．hungry　考查词性转换。此处作表语，应用形容词，hungry “饥饿的”。故填hungry。 9．patterns　考查名词。此处表示“转变消费模式”，为复数意义，因此要用pattern的复数。故填patterns。 10．the　考查冠词。same前要用定冠词the，the same 表示“一样的……”。故填the。 【坚持听背】 ①It is the encouragement of my teachers and parents that contributes to my success. 是老师和父母的鼓励使我取得了成功。 ②Every Wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and hand out food to homeless people in the community. 每周三，我们在救济站工作，把食物分发给社区里无家可归的人。 ③Learning that you are really a sports enthusiast, I'm writing to invite you to participate in it. 得知你是一个体育爱好者，我写信邀请你参加。 【坚持积累】 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$