内容正文:
第七课时:词汇和语法
基础模块3 Unit4
对口升学英语一轮复习
复习目标
认读重点词汇
01
02
掌握主谓一致的基本用法
认读重点词汇和短语
01
一、单词(汉译英)
实习________________
目的________________
要求,需要________________
实际的________________
实训________________
工程________________
理发,美发________________
教练________________
信息,资料________________
分数,成绩________________
实习生_________________
情况,处境________________
适用于________________
经理________________
工程部
目前
正在进行的
基本的,必不可少的________________
资格________________
数据库________________
系统,制度,体制________
精心制作________________
挑战,难题________________
宝贵的,有价值的________________
职业,事业________________
优点,实力,力量________________
缺点,弱点________________
独特的________________
重点词汇
Reading
做实习________________
学到________________
修……科目________________
在……帮助下________________
就业办________________
成功做________________
做……工作________________
被付诸实践________________
为……提供平台________________
管理技能________________
各种不同的________________
用……提供________________
获得工作经历________________
在……获得信心____________
Speaking
为了________________
提高就业能力________________
组织面试________________
对……感兴趣________________
擅长________________
重点短语
主谓一致的用法
02
学习目标
掌握主谓一致的用法
在英语表达中,谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在be动词,助动词do,have以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。
谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则:语法一致,就近一致和意义一致。
1.一般情况下,语法形式是单数的主语,谓语用单数;语法形式是复数的主语,谓语用复数。
His father is a doctor. 他的父亲是一名医生。
They are students. 他们是学生。
2.动名词、不定式、主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Reading is a great pleasure in life. 阅读是生活中的一大乐趣。
What is needed is food and medicine. 我们所需要的是食物和药物。
3.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词表示数量作主语时,被视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
Three thousand miles is a long distance. 三千英里是一个很长的距离。
(一)语法一致:
1.由连词or,either..or,neither...nor,not only...but also...,not...but...连接的两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词和离它最近的那个名词或代词的人称和数一致。
Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room. 汤姆或他的兄弟们在房间里等着。
Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand. 你或他将被送到新西兰。
Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.
不仅是他还有他的家人,他也喜欢卓别林的电影。
Not you but your father is to blame. 不应该怪你,而是你的父亲。
(二)就近原则
2.There be句型中be的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。
There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today. 今天没有任何信件给你。
There is a lamp,two pens and three books on the desk.
桌子上有一盏灯,两支笔和三本书。
3.名词后面带有with,along with,together with,besides,except,but,like,including,as well as,rather than等短语作主语时,谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。
All but one were here just now. 除了一个,所有人都在这里。
An expert,together with some assistants,was sent to help in this work.
一位专家和一些助手被派去协助这项工作。
You as well as I are wrong. 你和我都错了。
主语形式虽为单数,但在意义上是复数,谓语动词用复数形式;主语形式为复数,但在意义上是单数,谓语动词用单数形式。
1.由不定代词some,any,no,every构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。由each,either,neither 作主语或主语一部分时,谓语动词用单数。
Somebody is waiting for you. 有人在等你。
Everything goes well. 一切进展顺利。
Each of us has read the book. 我们每个人都读过这本书。
Neither of them is interested in English. 他们俩都对英语不感兴趣。
(三)意义一致
2.none(of)...作主语,指代可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语用单数;none指代可数名词复数时,如果强调任何一个则谓语动词用单数,如果强调全体,谓语用复数。
I am afraid we can’t have coffee, there’s none left.
恐怕我们不能喝咖啡了,已经没有咖啡了。
None of the apples is/are good. 没有一个苹果是好的。
3.由and连接的两个名词或代词作主语:
(1)主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物,谓语动词用复数形式。
My brother and I have both seen that film. 我哥哥和我都看过那部电影。
Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
在中国的这个地区都种植着水稻和小麦。
(2)主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物,谓语动词用单数形式。
The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.
这位教授兼作家正在会议上发言。
One more knife and fork is needed. 还需要一套刀叉。
(3)主语前面有each,every,many a,no等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Each doctor and(each)nurse was given a new shirt.
每个医生和(每个)护士都得到了一件新衬衫。
No sound and no voice is heard. 没有任何声音,也没有听到任何声音。
Every minute and every second is precious. 每一分钟,每一秒都是宝贵的。
4.集合名词group,class,family,army,enemy,team等名词的单复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。
The class were all cheerful. 全班都很高兴。
The group are reading the newspapers. 这群人正在看报纸。
The army is going to remain in this town. 军队将继续留在这个城镇。
5.分数/百分数+of...修饰名词或名词短语作主语时,谓语动词的形式由of后面的名词形式决定。
Three fifths of the workers here are women. 这里五分之三的工人是女性。
60 percent of his money was spent on books. 他60%的钱都花在了书上。
课堂检测
(一)单项填空
( )1. A large number of students ______in our class girls.
A. are B. was C. is D. be
( )2. The rich not always happy.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
( )3. Mary as well as her sisters _____ Chinese in China.
A. are studying B. have studied C.studies D. study
( )4. Not only my brother but also I_____good at painting. Both of us______good painters.,
A. are; are B. am; am C. am; are D. is; is
( )5. Over 80 percent of the population of China ______ peasants.
A.was B.is C. would be D.are
( )6. There_____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
( )7. His family____ a big one. Now the family ____watching TV.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
( )8. Tom is the only one of the students who_____ going to swim this afternoon.
A. is B. was C. are D.were
( )9. The League secretary and the monitor____asked to attend the meeting this afternoon.
A.is B.was C.are D.is being
( )10. The United States of America _____one of the most developed countries in the world.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
1. A。a large number of students 是复数主语,所以谓语动词用 are。
2. A。“the + 形容词”表示一类人,the rich 表示“富人”,是复数概念,所以谓语动词用 are。
3. C。as well as 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致,Mary 是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用 studies。
4. C。not only...but also...连接两个主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致,I 与 am 搭配;both of us 表示“我们两个”,是复数,谓语动词用 are。
5. D。“population”作主语时,如果表示“人口的一部分”或“具体的人数”时,谓语动词用复数形式,这里表示中国超过 80%的人口是农民,是指具体的人群,所以用 are。
6. B。there be 句型遵循就近原则,a pen 是单数,所以用 is。
7. A。family 表示“家庭”时是单数概念,谓语动词用 is;表示“家人”时是复数概念,谓语动词用 are。这里前一句表示家庭是一个大家庭,用 is;后一句表示家人正在看电视,用 are。
8. A。当先行词被 the only one of 修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式,且时间状语是 this afternoon,所以用 is。
9. C。the League secretary and the monitor 表示“团支书和班长”,是两个人,谓语动词用 are。
10. A。the United States of America 是一个国家名称,是单数概念,且陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,所以谓语动词用 is。
(二)汉译英
1.分享让我们更快乐。
2.李华和我都不擅长滑冰。
3.并非所有的孩子都喜欢去公园。
4.这里的老人被照顾地很好。
5.中华民族是一个伟大的民族。
(二)汉译英
1. Sharing makes us happier.
2. Neither Li Hua nor I am good at ice skating.
3. Not all children like going to the park.
4. The elderly here are well taken care of.
5. The Chinese nation is a great nation.
课后检测:词汇判断
( )1.实际的
A.possible B.praise C.primary D.practical
( )2.目前
A.criterion B.currently C.cycle D.common
( )3.精心制作
A.craft B.cover C.crafty D.county
( )4.独特的
A.upset B.unlock C.under D.unique
( )5.缺点、弱点
A.waistcoat B.wisdom C.workforce D.weakness
( )6.目的
A.purpose B.pleasant C.product D.prize
( )7.宝贵的
A.value B.vocation C.village D.valuable
( )8.实习
A.interference B.internal C.internship D.interesting
( )9.成绩
A.market B.mark C.marvel D.marsh
( )10.挑战
A.change B.challenge C.challenging D.character
词汇判断答案与解析
1. D。practical 有“实际的”之意;possible 是“可能的”;praise 是“赞扬”;primary 是“主要的”。
2. B。currently 表示“目前”;criterion 是“标准”;cycle 是“循环”;common 是“普通的”。
3. A。craft 有“精心制作”之意;cover 是“覆盖”;crafty 是“狡猾的”;county 是“县”。
4. D。unique 是“独特的”;upset 是“心烦的”;unlock 是“解锁”;under 是“在……下面”。
5. D。weakness 是“缺点、弱点”;waistcoat 是“背心”;wisdom 是“智慧”;workforce 是“劳动力”。
6. A。purpose 是“目的”;pleasant 是“令人愉快的”;product 是“产品”;prize 是“奖品”。
7. D。valuable 是“宝贵的”;value 是“价值”;vocation 是“职业”;village 是“村庄”。
8. C。internship 是“实习”;interference 是“干扰”;internal 是“内部的”;interesting 是“有趣的”。
9. B。mark 有“成绩”之意;market 是“市场”;marvel 是“奇迹”;marsh 是“沼泽”。
10. B。challenge 是“挑战”;challenging 是“具有挑战性的”;change 是“改变”;character 是“性格”。
选择填空
( )1.As we all know, spending much time on screen usually ______ us to unhealthy eyes.
A.leads B.led C.lead D.will lead
( )2.The famous writer and teacher often ______ in this park.
A.run B.runs C.ran D.is running
( )3. Many a student ________ the mobile phone in many ways today.
A. use B. used C. using D. uses
( )4. Each of these students ________ a different habit from each other.
A. have B. having C. had D. has
( )5. The Millers often ________ many useful things to the old people's home.
A. sent B. sending C. sends D. send
( )6. Three fifths of the bread ________ usually made in Guangdong.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( )7. Tony together his parents often ________ running in the mountains.
A. practice B. practiced C. practices D. will practice
( )8. —What do you want for your birthday?
—I think a pair of red gloves ________ enough.
A. were B. was C. are D. is
( )9. My brother as well as his friends often ________ basketball on weekends.
A. plays B. play C. played D. playing
( )10. All the housework usually ________ me about two hours every day.
A. will take B. took C. take D. takes
选择填空答案与解析
1. B。Taking pictures 是动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数形式 is。
2. A。fact 后面的从句是同位语从句,用 that 引导,解释说明 fact 的内容。
3. C。宾语从句用陈述语序,且时态是将来时,if it will rain tomorrow 符合。
4. D。“我想知道他是否能准时到这儿”,if 表示“是否”。
5. B。As is well known 是固定用法,意为“众所周知”。
6. B。would like to do sth. 和 enjoy doing sth. 是固定用法。
7. D。Why not do sth. 是固定用法,意为“为什么不做某事”。
8. B。so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语,表示“……也一样”,Jenny 是女性,用 her brother 指代其他人,且助动词 has 与上文保持一致。
9. C。make friends with sb. 是固定用法,意为“和某人交朋友”。
10. D。宾语从句用陈述语序,A 选项 that 引导的宾语从句意思不对;B、C 选项语序错误;D 选项 which senior high school I can choose 符合语法和语义。
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