内容正文:
基础模块3Unit1
第一课时:词汇和语法
对口升学英语一轮复习
认读重点词汇
01
02
掌握宾语从句、主语从句和表语从句的用法
CONTENTS
复习目标
认读重点词汇和短语
Part 1
一、单词(汉译英)
列举,列表,清单________________
友谊________________
值得信赖的________________
可信赖的,可靠的________________
自信的________________
有同情心的________________
陪伴,公司________________
种子________________
种植________________
给,浇水,灌溉,水________________
依赖________________
合作的________________________
伤害,使受伤________________
宿舍________________
动人的________________
合作________________
相处________________
印象________________
尊重差异________________
背后议论别人________________
研究所,机构________________
机构;制度________________
资金;金融________________
财政的,金融的________________
象征,符号________________
象征的________________
记录,体育运动记录_______________
录音,录制________________
能力,本领________________
能,能够的________________
原谅________________
无条件的________________
重视,珍视________________
实际,现实情况___________
重点词汇
Reading
以……方式________________
互相理解________________
支持某人________________
在困难时期________________
享受互相陪伴________________
分享共同兴趣________________
正如_________________
发展友谊________________
照顾________________
照料,呵护________________
依靠________________
跟……分享__________
Speaking
寻找________________
比如________________
在实习室________________
在短时间________________
给某人一个A________________
帮某人学习_______________
重点短语
1.掌握宾语从句、主语从句和表语从句的用法
2.了解同位语从句
Part 2
名词性从句的含义和分类
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。
根据在句中语法功能的不同,名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
在整个句子中充当主语成分的从句叫主语从句,可以由从属连词that、 whether等引导,也可以由连接代词what、 which、 who、 whom、 whose、 whatever、 whoever等以及连接副词how、 when、 where、 why等引导。
一、主语从句
that引导主语从句,本身并无意义,在从句中也不充当成分。
(1)若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略。
That you are coming to China is good news to us.
你将要来中国对我们来说是一个好消息。
That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。
(2)若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that可以省略。
It is natural (that) they should have different ways to settle the problem.
解决这个问题,他们有不同的方法是很正常的。
It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。
1. that引导的主语从句
主语从句只能用whether引导,不能用if引导。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
这对我们是否有害还有待观察。
Whether he will come is unknown. 他是否会来还不清楚。
2. whether引导的主语从句
what引导主语从句时,在句中充当主语、表语或宾语,放在句首,一般不用it作形式主语。
What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone. (what作主语)
他在会上所说的话鼓舞了每个人。
What we need is money. (what作宾语)我们需要的是钱。
3. what引导的主语从句
wh疑问词引导的主语从句可以放在句首,也可以用it作形式主语。用哪一个疑问词取决于从句所缺的成分。如:
Who will pick him up is not decided. 谁将去接他还没有决定。
How we will go there is a question. 我们怎么到那儿去还是个问题。
It is not clear why he did this. 他这样做的原因还不清楚。
It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它对我们是害是利,还得看看再说。
4. wh疑问词引导的主语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句就叫宾语从句。
(1)当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that引导从句。that本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略。如:
He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅长游泳。
二、宾语从句
(2)宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,用if或whether引导从句,意为“是否”,不作句子成分,不能省略。在介词之后、动词不定式之前或or not之前,只用whether,不用if。
He asked me if/whether Miss Li was a teacher. 他问我李小姐是不是一名教师。
He wondered if/whether he could join us. 他想知道他能否加入我们。
I can’t decide whether to buy this bike or not. 我无法决定是否要买这辆自行车。
(3)宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时,特殊疑问词就是宾语从句的引导词。
Do you know who broke the door? 你知道是谁把门弄坏了吗?
Could you tell me where you are from? 你能告诉我你来自哪里吗?
(4)注意宾语从句中的否定转移。
在宾语从句中,当主句的谓语动词是think、 believe、 imagine、 suppose、 consider、 expect、 guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称且为一般现在时,则从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
I don’t think he will come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会。
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he? 我认为那个人不是吉姆杀的,是吗?
(2)宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,用if或whether引导从句,意为“是否”,不作句子成分,不能省略。在介词之后、动词不定式之前或or not之前,只用whether,不用if。
He asked me if/whether Miss Li was a teacher. 他问我李小姐是不是一名教师。
He wondered if/whether he could join us. 他想知道他能否加入我们。
I can’t decide whether to buy this bike or not. 我无法决定是否要买这辆自行车。
(5)注意正确使用语序。
宾语从句要用陈述句语序。把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照“主语+谓语”的顺序。
I don’t know why she was crying. 我不知道她为什么在哭。
(6)注意正确使用时态。
①如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I remember he gave me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
Tell him when we will start. 告诉他我们什么时候出发。
②如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump. 他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
They said they had finished the work. 他们说已经完成工作了。
③如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是一般过去时,从句也用一般现在时。
He told me that the earth goes around the sun. 他告诉我地球绕着太阳转。
当主句的谓语是系动词,而从句位于其后,即在整个句子中充当表语,则该从句叫表语从句。表语从句可以由从属连词(that、 whether等)、连接代词(what、 which、 who等)、连接副词(how、 when、 where、 why等),以及because、 as if、 as等引导。
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 问题是我把他的地址丢了。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们能否帮助我们。
This is what we should do. 这是我们应该做的。
That’s why he was sent to the hospital. 那就是他被送到医院的原因。
It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。
三、表语从句
同位语从句一般由that、whether等连词引导,常放在下列名词idea、fact、news、truth(事实)、hope、problem、information(信息)、instruction(教诲)等后面,用来说明解释该名词的内容。
I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候会回来。
The problem whether we can finish the task is still unclear.
我们能否完成这项任务的问题还不清楚。
I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.
我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。
四、同位语从句
课堂检测
(一)单项填空
( )1. Sandy asked the boy ________.
A. why did he like English films
B. how he will improve his English
C. why he read the English magazine
D. how many new words he has learned
( )2. ________ surprised me most was ________ the girl passed the driver test.
A. That; that B. What; how C. What; that D. That; why
( )3. —Do you know ________?
—Yes, she is very kind and outgoing.
A. what's his mother like B. what his mother likes
C. what his mother is like D. how his mother is like
( )4. You spent lots of time in front of the computer. That’s ________ your head hurts.
A. because B. why C. how D. what
( )5. —I wonder ________ Jane gets on so well with her classmates.
—Because she always cares much about others.
A. whether B. how C. when D. why
( )6. We cannot decide ________ we will have dinner or not.
A. what B. why C. whether D. when
( )7. We got lost in Zhengzhou, and ________ made matters worse was that it began to rain.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
( )8. ________ is known to all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.
A. As B. What C. It D. Which
( )9. The school library is ________ we can read books and magazines.
A. what B. where C. when D. which
( )10. She made a promise _____ she would help us.
A.what B.when C.that D.which
1. C。宾语从句用陈述语序,A 选项错误;主句 asked 是过去时,从句也应用过去的某种时态,B、D 选项时态错误。C 选项符合语法规则。
2. C。第一个空 what 引导主语从句且在从句中作主语;第二个空 that 引导表语从句,只起连接作用,不充当成分。
3. C。询问某人怎么样用“What's...like?”或“How is...?”,A、B 选项错误;D 选项 how...is like 表达错误。C 选项正确。
4. B。That's why...“那就是……的原因”,符合语境。because 后接原因,这里不是解释原因;how 和 what 不符合语境。
5. D。根据答语“Because...”可知是询问原因,用 why。whether 是否;how 如何;when 何时,均不符合。
6. C。whether...or not“是否”,固定搭配。what 什么;why 为什么;when 何时,均不合适。
7. C。what 引导主语从句且在从句中作主语。that 引导主语从句时无实际意义;it 不能引导从句;which 引导主语从句有选择的含义,这里不符合。
8. B。What is known to all“众所周知”,what 引导主语从句且在从句中作主语。As 引导非限制性定语从句;It 和 Which 不符合语境。
9. B。where 引导表语从句,在从句中作地点状语。what 什么;when 何时;which 哪个,均不符合语境。
10. C。that 引导同位语从句,解释说明 promise 的内容。what 什么;when 何时;which 哪个,均不合适。
(二)汉译英
1.问题是有时候找到真朋友不容易。
2.我确信你能按时完成任务。
3.我听到他获胜的消息,我很高兴。
4.她不知道发生了什么。
5.我们的成功依靠我们怎么合作好。
(二)汉译英
1. The problem is that sometimes it's not easy to find true friends.
2. I'm confident that you can complete the task on time.
3. I was happy to hear the news of his victory.
4. She doesn't know what happened.
5. Our success depends on how well we cooperate.
课后检测(一)词汇判断
( )1. 陪伴;公司
A. company B. cause C. clean D. calm
( )2. 友谊
A. familiar B. friendship C. favour D. foreign
( )3. 值得信赖的
A. trust B. trustworthy C. talent D. true
( )4. 财政的;金融的
A. finance B. fund-raising C. financial D. female
( )5. 象征;符号
A. symbol B. symbolic C. scan D. secret
( )6. 合作的
A. cooperative B. create C. crash D. cooperate
( )7. 印象
A. impression B. impossible C. ideal D. improve
( )8. 能力
A. active B. album C. ability D. able
( )9. 研究所;机构
A. inform B. information C. introduction D. institute
( )10. 有同情心的
A. sympathetic B. sandwich C. score D. share
课后检测(一)词汇判断
1. A。company 有“陪伴;公司”的意思;cause 是“原因”;clean 是“干净的”;calm 是“平静的”。
2. B。friendship 是“友谊”;familiar 是“熟悉的”;favour 是“帮助,喜爱”;foreign 是“外国的”。
3. B。trustworthy 是“值得信赖的”;trust 是“信任”;talent 是“才能”;true 是“真实的”。
4. C。financial 是“财政的;金融的”;finance 是“金融”;fund-raising 是“筹款”;female 是“女性”。
5. A。symbol 是“象征;符号”;symbolic 是“象征的”;scan 是“扫描”;secret 是“秘密”。
6. A。cooperative 是“合作的”;create 是“创造”;crash 是“碰撞”;cooperate 是“合作”,动词。
7. A。impression 是“印象”;impossible 是“不可能的”;ideal 是“理想的”;improve 是“改善”。
8. C。ability 是“能力”;active 是“积极的”;album 是“相册”;able 是“能够的”。
9. D。institute 是“研究所;机构”;inform 是“通知”;information 是“信息”;introduction 是“介绍”。
10. A。sympathetic 是“有同情心的”;sandwich 是“三明治”;score 是“得分”;share 是“分享”。
课后检测
(二)单项填空
( )1. Taking pictures ______ very interesting.
A. are B. is C. to be D. be
( )2. The fact ______ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
( )3. The weather forecast doesn't say ______ if it rains tomorrow.
A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrow
C. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow
( )4. I want to know ______ he can be here on time.
A. who B. when C. where D. if
( )5. ______ is well known, the Great Wall has a long history.
A. Since B. As C. That D. Which
( )6. I'd like ______ TV, but my father enjoys ______ newspapers.
A. watching; reading B. to watch; reading
C. watching; to read D. to watch; to read
( )7. Why not ______ in bed and have a good rest?
A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay
( )8. ______ Jenny has finished her homework.
A. So I have B. So has her brother
C. So he has D. Neither have I
( )9. Would you like to ______ Xiao Hong from Class 4, Grade 2?
A. make friends to B. make friend with
C. make friends with D. make friend in
( )10. —Could you tell me ______ ?
—I'm not sure. Let's go and ask our teacher.
A. that I can spend my holiday B. how can I do better in my lessons
C. whom can I make friends with D. which senior high school I can choose
1. B。Taking pictures 是动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数形式 is。
2. A。fact 后面的从句是同位语从句,用 that 引导,解释说明 fact 的内容。
3. C。宾语从句用陈述语序,且时态是将来时,if it will rain tomorrow 符合。
4. D。“我想知道他是否能准时到这儿”,if 表示“是否”。
5. B。As is well known 是固定用法,意为“众所周知”。
6. B。would like to do sth. 和 enjoy doing sth. 是固定用法。
7. D。Why not do sth. 是固定用法,意为“为什么不做某事”。
8. B。so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语,表示“……也一样”,Jenny 是女性,用 her brother 指代其他人,且助动词 has 与上文保持一致。
9. C。make friends with sb. 是固定用法,意为“和某人交朋友”。
10. D。宾语从句用陈述语序,A 选项 that 引导的宾语从句意思不对;B、C 选项语序错误;D 选项 which senior high school I can choose 符合语法和语义。
$$