2025年中职英语一轮复习语文版（2021）基础模块2 Unit 10 词汇和语法课件

第十九课时：词汇和语法 基础模块2 Unit10 对口升学英语一轮复习 复习目标 认读重点词汇 01 02 掌握it的基本用法；了解省略句 认读重点词汇和短语 01 一、单词（汉译英） 志愿者；义务做________________ 幸运地________________ 竹子________________ 喂养，饲养________________ 申请，请求________________ 面临,面对________________ 社区,团体________________ 孤独的________________ 小孩________________ 适合________________ 幼儿园________________ 理发________________ 一刻钟________________ 上了年纪的；老人________________ 突发事件，紧急情况________________ 重点词汇 Reading 许多________________ 灭绝________________ 低出生率________________ 大熊猫________________ 在……帮助下________________ 做……工作________________ 在熊猫保护区________________ 在14岁时________________ 参加________________ 微信公众号________________ 申请_____________ Speaking 做志愿者________________ 在社区________________ 实际上________________ 顺便说一下________________ 下棋________________ 有丰富的人生阅历________________ 擅长_____________ 重点短语 掌握it的基本用法；了解省略句 02 学习目标 掌握it的基本用法 理解省略的基本情况 1.代替事和物 I love swimming.It keeps me fit. 我喜爱游泳。它使我身体健康。 2.表示时间，距离，天气和环境等 —What is the time? ——几点了? —It is half past ten. ——十点半。 It is a fine day,isn't it? 天气真好，不是吗? 一、it 的 用 法 3.it 作形式主语 当不定式，动名词，从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语 it。 It's necessary to learn English well. 把英语学好是有必要的。 也可说：To learn English well is necessary. It is no use waiting for him here. 在这里等他没用。(it 作形式主语，真正的主语为动名词短语。) (1)It+be+adj.for(of)sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事…… It is important for us to wear seat belts while driving cars. 开车时系安全带对我们很重要。 It was foolish of us to do so.我们这样做真是太傻了。 介词of与for 的区别：of用于指某人的性格，属性，特征等，如nice，kind，foolish，stupid，selfish; 介词for 表示对象，意为“对……来说”，前面的形容词常用 necessary，important，difficult，impossible等。 (2)It takes/took sb.+时间段+to do sth. 某人做某事花了……时间 It took me two days to finish reading this book. 读完这本书花了我两天的时间。 it 用作形式主语的两种重要句型： I found it very interesting to study English. 我觉得学习英语很有趣。(it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式。) I think it important that we keep up with the times. 我认为我们跟上时代是很重要的。(it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语为 that 从句。) 5.it 用在强调结构中 陈述句的强调句型：“It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语，宾语或状语)+that/who(强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分”。 It is Tom who/that told me the news. 是汤姆告诉我这个消息的。 It was in the park that I met Mr.Green. 我是在公园见到格林先生的。 4.it 作形式宾语 1.词的省略(1)省略介词I've studied French(for)five years. 我学法语五年了。(2)省略连接词I'm sure(that)she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。(3)省略关系代词I will give you all(that)I have. 我要把我的一切都给你。 二、省略词或省略句子的用法 (1)句子中单一成分的省略①省略主语。(You)Take care! 小心!②省略谓语。Only one of us was injured,and he(was injured)just slightly.我们当中只有一人受了伤，而且只是轻伤。③省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。(There is)No smoking.禁止吸烟。 2.句子成分的省略 ④省略表语。—Are you ready? ——你准备好了吗?—Yes,I am(ready). ——是的，我准备好了，⑤省略宾语。Let's do the dishes.You'll wash and I'll wipe. 我们来洗碗吧。你来洗，我来擦干。⑥省略状语。She was not hurt.Strange! 她没有受伤，真奇怪!⑦同时省略几个成分。(I wish)Good travel(to you)! 祝你旅途愉快! ① 为避免重复而进行的省略。当一个句子中有两个或者更多相同的词，短语出现时，为避免重复，使句子简练，其中一个须保留，其余的通常省略。尤其是当时间状语从句，地点状语从句，方式状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句等状语从句中的主语和be动词一同省略。He nicked himself while shaving. 他刮胡子刮了个口子。②习惯用法上的省略。有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法，有时是在口语中。例如，在问句中be动词常省略，有时连主语也一起省略。(Are you)Tired?(你)很累吗? (2)句中多个成分的省略 （一）单项填空 （ ）1.Is_____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A.this B. what C. that D.it （ ）2.It was at the gate_____he told me the news. A.that B. what C.which D. when （ ）3.I don't think _____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it （ ）4.Does____matter if he can't finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it 课堂检测 （ ）5.Someone is at the door, who is_____? A. this B. that C. it D. he （ ）6.I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using____now. A. one B. ones C.it D. this （ ）7.—Will you go to the party? —Of course I will if_____. A. I was invited B. invited C. having invited D. I will be invited （ ）8.The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to （ ）9.The workers did all ____ good care of the old man. A. they could to take B. they could take C. which they could to take D. what they could to take （ ）10.—How are you getting on with your work? —Oh, I'm sorry. Things aren't going so well as_____. A. plans B. planning C. planned D. to plan 1. D。it 在这里作形式主语，真正的主语是 to fly to the moon in a spaceship。 2. A。这是强调句，强调地点状语 at the gate，用 that。 3. D。it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to master a foreign language without much memory work。 4. D。it 在这里作形式主语，真正的主语是 if he can't finish the job on time。 5. C。不确定门外是谁的时候用 it 来指代。 6. C。it 指代前面提到的同一本字典。 7. B。if invited 是 if I am invited 的省略形式。 8. A。tell sb. not to do sth.，to do 后面没有具体的动词宾语，所以省略 do。 9. A。do all they could to take good care of the old man，they could 是定语从句修饰 all，to take 是目的状语。 10. C。as planned 表示“如计划的那样”，planned 是过去分词表被动，相当于 as it was planned。 （二）汉译英 1.现在是11点45分，让我们去吃午饭吧。 2.信不信由你，明天将会下雨。 3.你看到我的手机了吗？我到处找不到它。 4.他不像过去那样熬夜了。 5.我认为你是对的。 （二）汉译英 1. It's 11:45 now, let's go have lunch. 2. Believe it or not, it's going to rain tomorrow. 3. Have you seen my phone? I can't find it anywhere. 4. He doesn't stay up as late as he used to. 5. I think you're right. 课后检测：词汇判断 一、词汇判断 ( )1. 志愿者 A. various B. volunteer C. value D. view ( )2. 喂养，饲养 A. feed B. face C. facial D. fault ( )3. 上了年纪的 A. enter B . elderly C. employer D. encourage ( )4. 幸运地 A. fresh B. find C. fortunately D. female ( )5. 竹子 A. bamboo B. badminton C. black D. band ( )6. 社区，团体 A. community B. campus C. communicate D. choice ( )7. 理发 A. hunter B. haircut C. habit D. healthy ( )8. 突发事件，紧急情况 A. emergency B. effort C. enjoy D. environment ( )9. 申请，请求 A. activity B. amazing C. advice D. apply ( )10. 清除，净化 A. celebrate B. clown C. cleanup D. clinic 词汇判断答案与解析 1. B。volunteer 是“志愿者”；various 是“各种各样的”；value 是“价值”；view 是“观点，景色”。 2. A。feed 是“喂养，饲养”；face 是“脸”；facial 是“面部的”；fault 是“错误”。 3. B。elderly 是“上了年纪的”；enter 是“进入”；employer 是“雇主”；encourage 是“鼓励”。 4. C。fortunately 是“幸运地”；fresh 是“新鲜的”；find 是“找到”；female 是“女性”。 5. A。bamboo 是“竹子”；badminton 是“羽毛球”；black 是“黑色”；band 是“乐队”。 6. A。community 是“社区，团体”；campus 是“校园”；communicate 是“交流”；choice 是“选择”。 7. B。haircut 是“理发”；hunter 是“猎人”；habit 是“习惯”；healthy 是“健康的”。 8. A。emergency 是“突发事件，紧急情况”；effort 是“努力”；enjoy 是“享受”；environment 是“环境”。 9. D。apply 是“申请，请求”；activity 是“活动”；amazing 是“令人惊奇的”；advice 是“建议”。 10. C。cleanup 是“清除，净化”；celebrate 是“庆祝”；clown 是“小丑”；clinic 是“诊所”。 选择填空 ( )1. It's necessary _______ us to learn English well. A. for; to B. for; for C. too; to D. at; at ( )2. The students _______ be required to keep silent in the reading-room. A is required B require C are required D. required ( )3. I didn't go to the party not _______ the weather, but _______I didn't feel well. A. because of ;because B. because ;because of C. because of ;because of D. because ;because ( )4. They spent a long time _______to the village. A. walk B. to walk C. walks D. walking ( )5. Many student volunteers were active in serving the people _______suffered from the flood disaster in Henan province in July 2021. A. who B. whom C. which D. those ( )6. _______is necessary _______ us to communicate with him. A That;of B it;for C That;for D It;of ( )7. It's time _______ he slept. I usually have breakfast _ 6:30. A. to have breakfast;in B. have breakfast;at C. have the breakfast;at D. to have breakfast; at ( )8. The old man is _______. He feels a little _. A. alone ;alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely ;alone D. lonely; lonely ( )9. I have got a new _______ in the factory. A. work B. job C. jobs D. works ( )10. —What's the time now? —_______. It's. A. ten to nine B. fifty to nine C. ten from nine D. ten for nine 选择填空答案与解析 1. A。It's necessary for sb. to do sth.是固定句型。 2. C。students 是复数，与 be required 构成被动语态“学生们被要求在阅览室保持安静”。 3. A。because of 后接名词短语“the weather”；because 后接句子“I didn't feel well”。 4. D。spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”。 5. A。先行词是 people，在从句中作主语，用 who 引导定语从句。 6. B。It is necessary for sb. to do sth.固定句型。 7. D。It's time to do sth.“是做某事的时候了”；在具体时刻前用介词 at。 8. B。alone 表示“独自的”，侧重于客观状态；lonely 表示“孤独的”，侧重于主观感受。 9. B。job 是可数名词，a new job“一份新工作”；work 是不可数名词。 10. A。ten to nine“八点五十”，时间表达中“差几分到几点”用 to；“几点过几分”用 past。 $$