2025年中职英语一轮复习语文版（2021）基础模块2 Unit 8 词汇和语法课件

第十五课时：词汇和语法 基础模块2 Unit8 对口升学英语一轮复习 复习目标 认读重点词汇 01 02 理解直接引语与间接引语的基本用法1 认读重点词汇和短语 01 一、单词（汉译英） 广告________________ 朝代________________ 珍贵的________________ 无数的________________ 职业的，专业的________________ 维修，保养________________ 优秀的，杰出的________________ 纪念品________________ 选择，选项________________ 象征，代表；标志________________ 导游，向导________________ 淤泥________________ 贸易________________ 世纪________________ 火药________________ 罗盘，指南针________________ 加快________________ 全部的________________ 重点词汇 Reading 故宫________________ 在……中心________________ 紫禁城________________ 追溯到________________ 被认为是________________ 数以千计的________________ 国家5A景区________________ 全世界________________ 为了________________ 努力工作________________ 在……的风格_____________ Speaking 到达________________ 黄河________________ 向左转________________ 在红绿灯处________________ 领……到________________ 类似于________________ 诞生________________ 埃及文明________________ 黄河母亲像________________ 拍照_______________ 重点短语 理解直接引语与间接引语基本用法1 02 学习目标 1.了解直接引语与间接引语的区别 2.理解直接引语变为间接引语引语时人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化 直接引语与间接引语的含义 直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语，直接引语一般前后要加引号。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语不用引号，在多数情况下构成宾语从句。 Mr.Black said,“I like playing football.” 布莱克先生说：“我喜欢踢足球。”(直接引语) Mr.Black said that he liked playing football. 布莱克先生说他喜欢踢足球。 (间接引语) 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词 that引导(that在口语中常省略)，从句中的人称，时态，指示代词，时间状语，地点状语等要根据具体语境做相应变化，在这一方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此，在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。 人称的变化遵循“一主，二宾，三不变”:引号里的第一人称应和主句的主语保持一致，引号里的第二人称应和主句的宾语保持一致，引号里的第三人称不变。 He said,“I want to see you.” 他说：“我要见你。” →He said that he wanted to see me. 他说他要见我。 He said to me,“I've left my book in your room.” 他对我说：“我把书落在你的房间里了。” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 他对我说他把书落在我的房间里了。 1.人称的变化 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无须变化。 (1)一般现在时变为一般过去时。 He said,“I can't do it myself.”他说：“我自己不能做。” →He said that he couldn't do it himself.他说他自己不能做。 (2)现在进行时变为过去进行时。 She said,“I'm having supper.”她说：“我正在吃晚饭。” →She said that she was having supper. 她说她正在吃晚饭。 2. 时态的变化 (3)现在完成时变为过去完成时。She said,“I have not heard from him since May.”她说：“从五月份起，我就没有收到他的任何消息。”→She said that she had not heard from him since May.她说自五月份起就没有接到过他的任何消息。(4)一般过去时变为过去完成时。He said,“I came to help you.” 他说：“我是来帮你的。”→He said that he had come to help me. 他说他是来帮我的。 (5)过去完成时不变。He said,“I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我就把作业完成了。”→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说他晚饭前就已经把作业完成了。(6)一般将来时变为过去将来时。Zhou Lan said,“I'll do it after class.” 周兰说：“我下课后再做。”→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class. 周兰说她会在下课后做。 3.指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和动词的变化(1)代词的变化，this→that these→those(2)时间的变化，now→then today→that dayyesterday→the day before tomorrow→the next(following)daythis week/month/year→that week/month/yearnext week/month/year→the next week/month/yearthree days/weeks/months/years/hours…ago→three days/weeks/months/years/hours…beforelast week/month/year→the week/month/year before (3)地点的变化。here→there (4)动词的变化。come→goShe said,“I will come this morning.” 她说：“我今天早上来。”→She said that she would go that morning. 她说她那天早上就走。He said,“These books are mine.”他说：“这些书是我的。”→He said that those books were his. 他说那些书是他的。He said,"It is nine o'clock now." 他说：“现在是九点钟。”→He said that it was nine o'clock then. 他说那时是九点钟。He said,“I haven't seen her today.” 他说：“我今天没见过她。”→He said that he hadn't seen her that day. 他说他那天没见过她。She said,“I'll go there tomorrow.” 她说：“我明天去那里。”→She said that she would go there the next(following)day.她说她将在第二天去那里。He said,“My sister was here three days ago.”他说：“我妹妹三天前来过这里。”→He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说他妹妹三天前去过那里。 注意| (1)直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.” 他说：“光的运行比声音快得多。”→He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光的运行比声音快得多。(2)如果在当地转述，here不必改为 there，动词come不必改为 go。(3)如果在当时，当天，当月，当年等语境中转述，today ，yesterday ，tomorrow ，next week，last year 等时间状语也不必改变。 （一）单项填空（ ）1. She said, “They are reading now.”→She said ____________.A. that they are reading now B. that they were reading now C. that they are reading then D.that they were reading then（ ）2. Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”→Our teacher told us that_____________. A. light travels faster than sound B. light traveled faster than sound C. light has traveled faster than sound D. light is traveling faster than sound 课堂检测 （ ）3.He said to me,“I’ve found my wallet.”→He told me______________. A. whether I’ve found his wallet B. that I’ve found my wallet C. that he has found his wallet D.that he had found his wallet（ ）4. She told me that she ____ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen off B. have seen off C. have been seen off D. had seen off （ ）5. He said to me _________.A. I met her yesterday B. he meet her the day beforeC. I had met her yesterday D. he had met her the day before（ ）6. He said that ___________.A. he went to college in 2008 B. I go to college in 2008C. he goes to college in 2008 D. he go to college in 2008（ ）7.Mother told me that “ A friend in need____ a friend indeed.”A. is B. was C. will be D. be （ ）8. The hostess said that it ____ time that they ____ supper. A. was; had B. was; had had C. is; have D. is; have had （ ）9. She said that__________. A. she finishes the work this afternoon B. she has finished her homework this afternoon C. she had finished her homework D. if she had finished her homework （ ）10. The lady said that________. A. she would got there on time B. she would got here on time C. she would come there on time D. she would come here on time 1. D。直接引语变间接引语时，now 要变为 then，且主句是一般过去时，从句的时态要从现在进行时变为过去进行时。 2. A。当直接引语是客观真理时，变间接引语时态不变。 3. D。直接引语变间接引语时，人称要变化，I 变为 he，my 变为 his，现在完成时变为过去完成时。 4. A。间接引语中，主语 she 和动词 see off 是被动关系，且主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去完成时的被动语态。 5. D。直接引语变间接引语时，人称要变化，I 变为 he，yesterday 变为 the day before，一般过去时变为过去完成时。 6. A。直接引语变间接引语时，主句是一般过去时，从句的时态要从一般现在时变为一般过去时。 7. A。宾语从句中表示客观真理、格言等，时态用一般现在时。 8. A。It is time that...句型中，从句要用一般过去时；主句 said 是一般过去时，be 动词也用 was。 9. C。直接引语变间接引语时，主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态，现在完成时变为过去完成时。 10. C。would 后接动词原形，come here/there，here 指说话人所在的地方，there 指别处，根据语境应该是去别的地方，所以用 come there。 （二）汉译英 1.她说她喜欢听音乐。 2.她说她很高兴参观我们学校。 3.老师说黄河是中华民族精神的象征。 4.他说他去过故宫。 5.医生告诉我最好多喝水。 （二）汉译英 1. She said she likes listening to music. 2. She said she was happy to visit our school. 3. The teacher said that the Yellow River is a symbol of the spirit of the Chinese nation. 4. He said he had been to the Forbidden City. 5. The doctor told me it's best to drink more water. 课后检测：词汇判断 ( )1. 广告 A. activity B. adult C. advise D. ad ( )2. 代表 A. represent B. replace C. rebuilt D. rewrite ( )3. 珍贵的 A. print B. precious C. provide D. protect ( )4. 维修，保养 A. machine B. maintain C. magic D. male ( )5. 优秀的，杰出的 A. good B. well C. outstanding D. best ( )6. 选择，选项 A. chance B. charge C. change D. choice ( )7. 象征，代表 A. suitable B. stream C. symbol D. special ( )8. 世纪 A. certainly B. celebration C. certificate D. century ( )9. 全部的 A. entire B. entirely C. encourage D. enrich ( )10. 与......相似 A. similar with B. similar as C. similar to D. similar for 词汇判断答案与解析 1. D。“ad”是“advertisement”的缩写，意为“广告”。A 项“activity”意为“活动”；B 项“adult”意为“成年人”；C 项“advise”意为“建议”。 2. A。“represent”意为“代表”。B 项“replace”意为“代替”；C 项“rebuilt”是“rebuild”的过去式和过去分词，意为“重建”；D 项“rewrite”意为“重写”。 3. B。“precious”意为“珍贵的”。A 项“print”意为“印刷”；C 项“provide”意为“提供”；D 项“protect”意为“保护”。 4. B。“maintain”意为“维修，保养”。A 项“machine”意为“机器”；C 项“magic”意为“魔法”；D 项“male”意为“男性的”。 5. C。“outstanding”意为“优秀的，杰出的”。A 项“good”意为“好的”；B 项“well”作形容词时意为“身体好的”，作副词时意为“好地”；D 项“best”是“good”和“well”的最高级，意为“最好的”。 6. D。“choice”意为“选择，选项”。A 项“chance”意为“机会”；B 项“charge”意为“收费”“掌管”等；C 项“change”意为“改变”。 7. C。“symbol”意为“象征，代表”。A 项“suitable”意为“合适的”；B 项“stream”意为“溪流”；D 项“special”意为“特别的”。 8. D。“century”意为“世纪”。A 项“certainly”意为“当然”；B 项“celebration”意为“庆祝”；C 项“certificate”意为“证书”。 9. A。“entire”意为“全部的”。B 项“entirely”是副词，意为“完全地”；C 项“encourage”意为“鼓励”；D 项“enrich”意为“使丰富”。 10. C。“similar to”意为“与……相似”。A、B、D 选项搭配错误。 选择填空 ( )1. The ______ about the product made more people pay attention to it. A. ad B. advertise C. advise D. advertised ( )2. The museum is ______ in the center of the city. A. locate B. locates C. located D. locating ( )3. The old village ______ back to the Qin Dynasty. A. date B. dates C. dated D. dating ( )4. I have no ______ but to cheer up. A. choose B. choice C. chose D. chosen ( )5. The coat he wears is ______ to the one his brother does. A. similar B. different C. same D. common ( )6. He ______ up his car in order to catch the last train just now. A. speed B. speeds C. sped D. speeding ( )7. Do you know ______? A. how long is the Great Wall B. how long the Great Wall is C. how long the Great Wall was D. how long was the Great Wall ( )8. The girl told us ______. A. she have a nice pet B. she has a nice pet C. she had a nice pet D. did she have a nice pet ( )9. The teacher told us ______. A. the earth go around the sun B. do the earth go around the sun C. does the earth go around the sun D. the earth goes around the sun ( )10. Our teachers told us ______. A. do light travel faster than sound B. does light travel faster than sound C. light travel faster than sound D. light travels faster than sound 选择填空答案与解析 1. A。“ad”是“advertisement（广告）”的缩写形式；B 项“advertise”是动词“做广告”；C 项“advise”是动词“建议”；D 项“advertised”是动词“advertise”的过去式和过去分词形式。 2. C。“be located in”表示“坐落于”；A 项“locate”是动词原形，通常不单独用在这个结构中；B 项“locates”是“locate”的第三人称单数形式；D 项“locating”是现在分词形式。 3. B。“date back to”表示“追溯到”，这个短语不用被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，所以用 dates。 4. B。“have no choice but to do sth.”表示“除了做某事别无选择”；A 项“choose”是动词“选择”；C 项“chose”是“choose”的过去式；D 项“chosen”是“choose”的过去分词。 5. A。“be similar to”表示“与……相似”；B 项“be different from”表示“与……不同”；C 项“be the same as”表示“与……一样”；D 项“be common to”表示“对……是共同的”。 6. C。“speed up”表示“加速”，just now 表明要用一般过去时，speed 的过去式是 sped。 7. B。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，且该句是客观事实，用一般现在时。A、D 语序错误，C 时态错误。 8. C。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，主句 told 是一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态。A、B 语序错误，D 选项不是陈述句语序。 9. D。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，且“地球绕着太阳转”是客观事实，用一般现在时，三单形式。A 语序错误，B、C 选项助动词错误。 10. D。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，且“光比声音传播速度快”是客观事实，用一般现在时，三单形式。A、B 选项语序错误且助动词错误，C 选项缺少三单形式的谓语动词。 $$