精品解析：重庆市第八中学校2024-2025学年高二下学期第一次月考英语试题

重庆八中2024-2025学年度(下)高二年级第一次月考 英语试题 第一部分 听力(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How will Alex go to meet the woman? A. By plane. B. By subway. C. By car. 2. Where are the twins now? A. In the bedroom. B. In the bathroom. C. In the dining room. 3. What will the man do next month? A. Join a gym. B. Make a workout plan. C. Take part in a contest. 4. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Deliveryman and customer. B. Neighbors. C. Workmates. 5. What does Kelly mean? A. She beat Frank last week. B. She swims faster than before. C. She is the best swimmer in the school. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What activity does the first tour include? A. Eating seafood. B. Watching penguins. C. Exploring a cafe. 7. What will the woman do next? A. Go for some food. B. Leave for home. C. Take a street walk. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. When did the man first want to become a writer? A. When he was a child. B. After he became a father. C. Before he retired as a doctor. 9. What do we know about the man? A. He is an environmentalist. B. He has changed his lifestyle. C. He focuses on children’s books. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Where is the first bridge located? A. In Rome. B. In Florence. C. In Azerbaijan. 11. Why was the second bridge built? A. To connect two countries. B. To accommodate workers. C. To serve as a historical landmark. 12. What does the woman say about the second bridge? A. It is about 48 miles long. B. It was built in 1345. C. It is well equipped. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. How often does Vicky work on a different trip? A. Twice a month. B. Once a month. C. Every two months. 14. Who was the trip to the Caribbean targeted at last year? A. Popular singers. B. Musical enthusiasts. C. Old stars. 15. How has Vicky spent her spare time during a trip? A. By talking with others. B. By listening to music. C. By doing a training course. 16. What does Vicky plan to be in the future? A. A trainer. B. A psychologist. C. A tour guide. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. Her gap year experience. B. Her father’s influence. C. Her travel arrangements. 18 When did the speaker set off? A. In January. B. In June. C. In July. 19. What did the speaker do during the journey? A. She kept a diary. B. She took maths classes. C. She completed some homework. 20. Why did the speaker’s father make the decision? A. To let his kids explore the world first-hand. B. To help his kids to make foreign friends. C. To relieve the stress of the whole family. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Four Famous Female Scientists Katherine Johnson Katherine Johnson graduated from college — with honors — at the same age most people graduated from high school. She later applied to a program at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and earned a spot as one of the agency’s human computers. One of Katherine’s most important jobs was calculating the path of the first American manned spaceflight in 1961 and the Apollo moon landing in 1969. While NASA began using computers for the task in 1962, astronaut John Glenn refused to go into flight until Katherine checked the computer’s calculations by hand. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin When Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin became the first woman to receive a PhD from Harvard’s Radeliffe College, no one knew how much her doctoral paper would change the world of science. Her conclusion that stars are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium (氦) contradicted the main theory of the time, and some of the day’s leading scientists openly questioned her findings. It would take more than a decade for another scientist to reach the same conclusion. Lise Meitner Lise Meitner is one of only two women to have an element named in her honor — the element with the atomic number 109 is called meitnerium. She was the first physics professor in Germany and the first scientist to include the term“nuclear fission (裂变)” in a published paper. During her career, she discovered what causes the Auger Effect, explained how nuclear fission works, and uncovered the element protactinium (镤). Grace Hopper Grace Hopper was known for her pioneering work in the development of computer programming languages. She began her career in computing and worked on the Harvard Mark I computer program. Later, she created the first program that translated code into machine language, and also developed the COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) programming language. 1. What was one of Katherine Johnson’s significant contributions? A. She earned a PhD from Harvard. B. She developed a programming language. C. She explained how nuclear fission works. D. She calculated the path for major space missions. 2. Whose conclusion about stars faced opposition from leading scientists? A. Katherine Johnson’s. B. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin’s. C. Lise Meitner’s. D. Grace Hopper’s. 3. What do Lise Meitner and Grace Hopper have in common? A. They graduated from Harvard. B. They discovered new elements. C. They worked on something about computers. D. They were both pioneers in their own field. 【答案】1 D 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四位著名女科学家。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“One of Katherine’s most important jobs was calculating the path of the first American manned spaceflight in 1961 and the Apollo moon landing in 1969.(凯瑟琳最重要的工作之一是计算1961年美国首次载人航天飞行和1969年阿波罗登月的路径)”可知，凯瑟琳·约翰逊的重要贡献之一是为重要的太空任务计算飞行路径，故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin部分中“Her conclusion that stars are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium (氦) contradicted the main theory of the time, and some of the day’s leading scientists openly questioned her findings.(她关于恒星主要由氢和氦组成的结论与当时的主流理论相矛盾，一些当时的顶尖科学家公开质疑她的发现)”可知，Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin关于恒星的结论遭到了顶尖科学家的反对。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“She was the first physics professor in Germany and the first scientist to include the term “nuclear fission (裂变)” in a published paper.(她是德国第一位物理学教授，也是第一位在发表的论文中使用“核裂变”一词的科学家)”以及最后一段“Grace Hopper was known for her pioneering work in the development of computer programming languages.(格蕾丝·霍珀因其在计算机编程语言开发方面的开创性工作而闻名)”可知，莉莎·迈特纳和格蕾丝·霍珀的共同之处是在各自领域都是先驱，故选D。 B By 2015, the priest Joyner of Conetoe came to understand he was hosting funerals (葬礼) twice a month — a surprising number for his town’s tiny population. In this African American town, a quarter of families live an extremely poor life and heart disease kills more 20 to 39-year olds than car accidents do. Joyner decided to do something about it. Driving home one day, he pulled over and thought that maybe he’d get further with his eyes open. He looked around, and all he saw was farmland. It gave him an idea: Get the kids to take part in it. Joyner ran a youth camp, so that summer, he showed the campers how to grow their own food on the small land. The kids, 4 to 16 years old, ate up the vegetables they had grown, and the following year, they gave free boxes of vegetables to the old people in the town. Not everyone welcomed the idea. Some church elders questioned whether it was wise to let kids take part in agrarian pursuit (农业工作). But Joyner saw it differently. “The kids are bringing food to people who need it. They enjoy what they’re doing,” he said. At the same time, it improved the health of the community by providing healthy foods. Today, because of Joyner, that small land has changed into the 21-acre Conetoe Family Life Center. The local hospital, schools and restaurants help the center by buying its salad greens, peppers, strawberries, and other food for people. Research from East Carolina University found that people in Conetoe have lost weight, lowered their blood pressure, and visited the hospital less frequently because of the fresh food and health advice available at the center. 4. What do we know about the town where Joyner lives? A. It develops very slowly. B. There are not enough churches. C. People are too poor to live a healthy life. D. Many young people die from accidents. 5. Why did Joyner decide to grow food on the small land? A. To provide food for kids. B. To lower the number of deaths. C. To teach kids how to plant. D. To make full use of the small land. 6. What did some church elders think of Joyner’s idea? A. They weren’t interested in it. B. They were doubtful about it. C. They strongly disagreed with it. D. They thought it did harm to kids. 7. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A. Joyner’s Agricultural Solution for Community Health B. A Small Town’s Battle Against Poverty and Accidents C. Kids in Farming: Challenges and Triumphs in a Poor Town D. The Transformation of a Farmland into a Life - Changing Center 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。在贫困的Conetoe镇，居民健康状况差，死亡率高。牧师Joyner (乔伊纳)让孩子种植食物，虽遭质疑，但最终改善社区健康，土地变为生活中心 。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句“In this African American town, a quarter of families live an extremely poor life and heart disease kills more 20 to 39-year olds than car accidents do.(在这个非裔美国人的小镇上，四分之一的家庭生活极其贫困，因心脏病死亡的 20 至 39 岁的年轻人比死于车祸的还要多。)”可知，这个小镇上很多家庭贫困，并且由于贫困可能无法过上健康的生活，导致心脏病死亡人数较多。故选C项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“By 2015, the priest Joyner of Conetoe came to understand he was hosting funerals (葬礼) twice a month — a surprising number for his town’s tiny population. In this African American town, a quarter of families live an extremely poor life and heart disease kills more 20 to 39-year olds than car accidents do.(到 2015 年，科内托的牧师乔伊纳逐渐意识到，他每个月要主持两次葬礼——对于他所在小镇的少量人口来说，这是一个惊人的数字。在这个非裔美国人的小镇上，四分之一的家庭生活极其贫困，因心脏病死亡的20至39岁的年轻人比死于车祸的还要多。)”以及第二段“Joyner decided to do something about it.(乔伊纳决定为此做点什么。)”可知，乔伊纳看到小镇上死亡人数较多，决定采取行动，之后他让孩子们在小块土地上种植食物。由此可以推断出他决定在小块土地上种植食物是为了降低死亡人数，改善人们的健康状况。故选B项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Some church elders questioned whether it was wise to let kids take part in agrarian pursuit (农业工作).(一些教会长老质疑让孩子们参与农业工作是否明智。)”可知，“questioned(质疑)”表明一些教会长老对乔伊纳让孩子们参与农业工作的想法是持怀疑态度的。故选B项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了牧师乔伊纳所在的小镇贫困且居民健康状况不佳，死亡率较高，他通过让孩子们参与种植食物，改善了社区的健康状况，最后那块小土地变成了一个大型的生活中心，给社区带来了积极的变化。所以A选项Joyner’s Agricultural Solution for Community Health(乔伊纳为社区健康提供的农业解决方案) 能够概括文章的主要内容，即乔伊纳通过农业种植的方式来改善社区居民的健康状况。故选A项。 C Among the members of my social network, a handful bring out mixed emotions — both eagerness and fear. Interactions with them feel like a conversational game of Russian roulette (轮盘赌). In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but if I catch them at the wrong moment, they can wipe out all my positive energy. There is simply no knowing what is to come. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies. Julianne Holt-Lunstad and her colleagues at Brigham Young University have designed a scale that identifies four categories of relationships. You can try it for yourself. Pick a couple of people within your social network and answer the following two questions on a scale of one (not at all) to six (very much). When you are feeling in need of advice, understanding or a favor, how helpful is your connection? Likewise, how upsetting is your connection? People who score one on both questions are your indifferent relationships — a neighbor, perhaps, with neither good nor bad qualities. Those who score highly on the first question, while getting the lowest possible rating on the second, are your supportive and loyal social ties. Those with the lowest score on the first question and high marks on the second are aversive relationships. Finally, anyone with a score of two or more on both scales is considered an ambivalent connection — your frenemies. They may be incredibly generous when you have a problem yet can also strike back with a bitter put-down when they feel envious or threatened. Research suggests that ambivalent, love-hate relationships are often more stressful than consistently negative ones, damaging mental and physical health. Cutting off contact may not always be possible, especially if the person is a boss or family member. So, what can be done? Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection. Personally, I use this insight to prepare myself emotionally, focus on the positives, and limit interactions when needed. It also leads me to reflect on my own actions — am I ever the frenemy? I am resolved to be a little more mindful of my interactions with all my ties. 8. Why does the author compare interactions with certain people to Russian roulette? A. To suggest ways to handle these interactions. B. To show how these people compete for attention. C. To introduce a social game these people like to play. D. To stress how unpredictable these interactions can be. 9. Which figure best illustrates the different types of relationships in our social network? A. B. C. D. 10. What does the author suggest readers do? A. Avoid interacting with frenemies. B. Caution against acting like a frenemy. C. Encourage frenemies to act more positively. D. Balance frenemies with supportive friendships. 11. What is the central message the author intends to convey through this text? A. A friend in need is a friend indeed. B. Only true friends are worth keeping. C. A healthy friendship needs give-and-take. D. Love-hate relationships are surprisingly bad. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章大讲述了作者对社交网络中一些关系复杂的个体感到既期待又害怕，就像玩俄罗斯轮盘赌一样。然后介绍了一项由Brigham Young University的研究，该研究设计了一个量表来识别四种不同类型的人际关系：冷漠关系、支持忠诚关系、厌恶关系和矛盾关系（即frenemies）。最后，作者分享了自己如何处理这些矛盾关系的经验，包括意识到关系的复杂性，做好情感准备，专注于积极面，并在需要时限制互动。同时，作者也反思自己是否曾经是别人的frenemies，并决心更加注意自己的社交行为。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。文章第一段“Interactions with them feel like a conversational game of Russian roulette (轮盘赌). In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but if I catch them at the wrong moment, they can wipe out all my positive energy. There is simply no knowing what is to come(与他们的互动感觉就像一场对话式的俄罗斯轮盘赌。在心情好的时候，这些人能带来一个充满乐趣的夜晚，但如果在不合适的时候遇到他们，他们会耗尽我所有的正能量。根本不知道接下来会发生什么)”可知与他们的互动感觉就像一场对话式的俄罗斯轮盘赌，可推理出这里将与某些人的互动比作俄罗斯轮盘赌，重点在于强调这种互动的不可预测性，就像轮盘赌的结果难以预知一样，可能好也可能坏。故选D项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“People who score one on both questions are your indifferent relationships(在两个问题上都得1分的人是你的冷漠关系)”、“Those who score highly on the first question, while getting the lowest possible rating on the second, are your supportive and loyal social ties(在第一个问题上得分高，而在第二个问题上得分尽可能低的人，是支持和忠诚的社会关系)”、“Those with the lowest score on the first question and high marks on the second are aversive relationships(在第一个问题上得分最低，在第二个问题上得分高的人是厌恶关系)”以及“Finally, anyone with a score of two or more on both scales is considered an ambivalent connection — your frenemies(最后，在两个量表上得分都在 2 分或以上的人被认为是矛盾关系 —— 你的亦敌亦友关系)”可知本文区分了四种我们社交网络中不同类型的关系，分析各个选项图表，B选项中清晰地呈现了四种不同的分类情况，横坐标代表第一个问题的得分情况，纵坐标代表第二个问题的得分情况，对应不同区域划分出了符合文中描述的四种人际关系类型，所以B选项正确地说明了我们社交网络中不同类型的人际关系，故选B项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“I am resolved to be a little more mindful of my interactions with all my ties(我决心更加留意我与所有关系的互动)”以及“It also leads me to reflect on my own actions — am I ever the frenemy?(这也让我反思自己的行为 —— 我是否曾经也是别人眼中的亦敌亦友呢？)”可知，作者决心更加留意与所有关系的互动，反思是否曾经也是别人眼中的亦敌亦友，由此可推理出作者建议读者要警惕自己不要成为别人眼中那种亦敌亦友的人，也就是要谨慎行事，避免表现得像个“亦敌亦友”的人，故选B项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Among the members of my social network, a handful bring out mixed emotions — both eagerness and fear. Interactions with them feel like a conversational game of Russian roulette (轮盘赌). In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but if I catch them at the wrong moment, they can wipe out all my positive energy. There is simply no knowing what is to come. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies(在社交圈中，有些人让我又期待又害怕。与他们相处就像玩俄罗斯轮盘赌，心情好时能享受欢乐时光，但若时机不对，他们的言行可能会让我感到沮丧。如果你也有这样的经历，那你可能也遇到过“假面朋友”)”、倒数第二段“Research suggests that ambivalent, love-hate relationships are often more stressful than consistently negative ones, damaging mental and physical health. Cutting off contact may not always be possible, especially if the person is a boss or family member. So, what can be done?( 研究表明，这种爱恨交织的矛盾关系往往比持续的负面关系更让人感到压力，对身心健康造成损害。如果这个人是你的上司或家庭成员，切断联系可能并不总是可行的。那么，我们该怎么办呢？)”以及最后一段“Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection. Personally, I use this insight to prepare myself emotionally, focus on the positives, and limit interactions when needed. It also leads me to reflect on my own actions — am I ever the frenemy? I am resolved to be a little more mindful of my interactions with all my ties(仅仅意识到关系的矛盾性就可能提供一些保护。就我个人而言，我利用这一见解来在情感上做好准备，专注于积极面，并在需要时限制互动。这也促使我反思自己的行为——我是否也曾是别人的“假面朋友”？我决心在所有社交活动中都更加谨慎)”可知，文章开篇引出了“亦敌亦友”这种矛盾关系，接着介绍了不同类型的人际关系分类，重点讲述了“亦敌亦友”这种爱恨交织的关系，最后还阐述了面对这种关系的一些做法和思考，整体都是围绕着“亦敌亦友”这种爱恨交织的关系展开，强调其带来的不良影响，所以文章想要传达的中心信息是爱恨交织的关系是非常糟糕的，答案选D项。 D The numerous bacteria that naturally inhabit the human body seem to help us in many ways. One group is emerging as particularly beneficial: a type of gut (肠道) bacteria known as Blautia, which has made headlines recently because it seems to produce some really remarkable effects. Now, a Chinese team is glimpsing another potential benefit of Blautia: helping people adapt to high altitudes. Their findings suggest that providing Blautia could help mountaineers and others perform better in these challenging environments. Qing-Peng Kong, a geneticist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and his team recruited 45 men to move from their homes at 250 meters above sea level to a town at about 3,700 meters. Despite the thin air, the men ate similar food as they had at home, minimizing the effects of diet changes on their gut bacteria. After 2 days, Blautia went from being rare to very abundant in their guts. In the second experiment, the team exposed mice to controlled low-oxygen conditions in the lab first and then simulated (模拟) an altitude of 4,000 meters, while giving Blautia to half of them every other day. The Blautia-treated mice showed milder response of altitude sickness. This opens the door into whether altitude sickness might be amenable to treatment through the gut. The bacteria’s effect may also extend to the brain. “Its superpower comes from the connection between the gut and the brain,” says Klepac-Cerak at Wellesley College. The fatty acids it makes are known to activate receptors (神经末梢) on nerves that connect the digestive system, heart and brain. This could help explain a surprising relationship that Klepac-Cerak reported last year: Kids are more likely to talk and laugh when they have more Blautia in their guts. “There’s lots of communication happening between our brain; we are just beginning to uncover what services bacteria do for us.” Klepac-Cerak notes. Blautia’s apparent superpowers suggest to Kong it could serve as a supplement (补充) that benefits people regardless of whether they are planning a trip to Tibet. But first, Kong says, he wants to find out whether Blautia is a “solo” player or has these protective effects only as part of a larger group of bacteria. 12. What’s the newly-found benefit of the study led by a Chinese team? A. It gets public attention. B. It helps people do better at high altitudes. C. It makes social media angry. D. It introduces an advanced new technology. 13. What do we know about the subjects (实验对象) in both experiments? A. They experienced low-oxygen conditions. B. They received Blautia in their diet. C. They moved to high-altitude regions. D. They suffered severe altitude sickness. 14. What does the underlined word “amenable” in Paragraph 3 mean?”. A. Careless B. Untreatable. C. Unchangeable D. Reactive. 15. How would both Kong and Klepac-Cerak describe Blautia’s role in human health? A. double-edged sword. B. A solo player. C. An extremely effective solution. D. A partially-understood influence 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学家团队对肠道细菌Blautia的研究，发现其可能帮助人们适应高海拔环境，并可能通过肠道与大脑的关联对健康产生积极影响。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Now, a Chinese team is glimpsing another potential benefit of Blautia: helping people adapt to high altitudes. Their findings suggest that providing Blautia could help mountaineers and others perform better in these challenging environments.(现在，一个中国团队看到了Blautia的另一个潜在好处：帮助人们适应高海拔地区。他们的研究结果表明，提供Blautia可以帮助登山者和其他人在这些具有挑战性的环境中表现得更好。)”可知，Blautia有助于人们在高海拔环境中表现更好。故选B项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Qing-Peng Kong, a geneticist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and his team recruited 45 men to move from their homes at 250 meters above sea level to a town at about 3,700 meters.(中国科学院遗传学家Qing-Peng Kong和他的团队招募了45名男性，让他们从海拔250米的家中搬到海拔约3700米的城镇)”和第三段的句子“In the second experiment, the team exposed mice to controlled low-oxygen conditions in the lab first and then simulated(模拟) an altitude of 4,000 meters, while giving Blautia to half of them every other day.(在第二个实验中，研究小组首先将小鼠暴露在实验室控制的低氧条件下，然后模拟海拔4000米的环境，同时每隔一天给一半的小鼠喂食Blautia。)”可知，实验对象都经历了低氧条件。故选A项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词前面的“altitude sickness(高原反应)”和下文的“treatment through the gut(通过肠道进行治疗)”可知，此处指的是“通过肠道治疗高原反应是否可行”，所以划线单词amenable的意义为“可用某种方式处理的”，与reactive“易反应的”意义相近。故选D项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段句子“But first, Kong says, he wants to find out whether Blautia is a ‘solo’ player or has these protective effects only as part of a larger group of bacteria.(但首先，Kong说他想弄清楚Blautia是否是“独奏者”，还是作为更大细菌群体的一部分才具有这些保护作用)”和第四段的句子“There’s lots of communication happening between our brain; we are just beginning to uncover what services bacteria do for us.(我们的大脑之间有很多交流；我们才刚刚开始发现细菌为我们做了什么。)”可知，Kong和Klepac-Cerak认为，Blautia的作用尚未完全被理解。故选D项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白外的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余选项。 Protecting the Ecological Environment As we all know, the ecological environment is crucial for the survival and development of all life on Earth. It provides us with essential resources such as clean air, fresh water, and rich soil. ____16____ Industrialization has led to increased emissions (排放) of pollutants into the air and water. Factories release large amounts of waste gases and liquids, which not only damage the quality of the air we breathe but also pollute rivers and lakes. ____17____ Vast areas of trees are being cleared for agriculture, logging, and urban expansion. This destroys the habitats of countless species and contributes to soil loss. ____18____ Governments around the world have been passing stricter environmental laws and regulations. These laws are effective in controlling industrial pollution. For example, they set limits on the amount of pollutants that factories can release and require heavy fines as punishment. Renewable energy sources are also being increasingly used. Solar and wind energy, in particular, are catching on. ____19____ Renewable energy sources can reduce our dependence on fossil (化石) fuels and lower carbon emissions. In addition, individuals can also play a vital role in protecting the ecological environment. We can start with simple things in our daily lives, such as saving water and electricity. ____20____ We can also choose to use public transportation or bicycles instead of private cars. Moreover, raising public awareness of environmental protection is essential. Only when everyone realizes the importance of protecting the ecological environment as well as takes action can we hope to have a sustainable future. A. Deforestation is another major issue. B. This helps to conserve energy and reduce waste. C. Cutting carbon emissions is essential for our welfare. D. After all, their cost may add too much burden to our lives. E. They are clean and sustainable alternatives to traditional energy. F. To address the threats, human beings are urged to take some measures. G. However, human activities have been posing a serious threat to it recently. 【答案】16. G 17. A 18. F 19. E 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是生态环境的重要性及当前面临的威胁，如工业污染和森林砍伐，并提出了包括立法、使用可再生能源及提升公众意识在内的多种保护措施。 【16题详解】 根据上文的“As we all know, the ecological environment is crucial for the survival and development of all life on Earth. It provides us with essential resources such as clean air, fresh water, and rich soil.(众所周知，生态环境对于地球上所有生命的生存和发展至关重要。它为我们提供了诸如清洁空气、淡水和肥沃土壤等必需的资源)”以及下文的“Industrialization has led to increased emissions(排放) of pollutants into the air and water.(工业化导致了空气和水中污染物排放的增加)”可知，上文讲生态环境重要，下文讲工业化对生态环境的破坏，所以这里需要一个转折句引出人类活动对生态环境造成威胁的内容，G选项“However, human activities have been posing a serious threat to it recently.(然而，最近人类活动对生态环境构成了严重威胁。)”起到承上启下的作用，与上文为转折关系，引出下文讲述的人类活动对生态环境构成的威胁，符合语境。故选G项。 【17题详解】 根据上文的“Factories release large amounts of waste gases and liquids, which not only damage the quality of the air we breathe but also pollute rivers and lakes.(工厂释放出大量的废气和废水，这些不仅损害了我们呼吸的空气质量，还污染了河流和湖泊。)”以及下文的“Vast areas of trees are being cleared for agriculture, logging, and urban expansion.(大片的树木被砍伐，用于农业、伐木和城市扩张。)”可知，上文提到工厂排放污染物的问题，而下文提到了大片树木被砍伐，所以此空应是闸述破坏生态环境的另一个主要问题，A选项“Deforestation is another major issue.(森林砍伐是另一个主要问题。)”承接了上文，且引出下文讲述的森林砍伐的问题，符合语境。故选A项。 【18题详解】 分析语篇，此处应为本段的主题句，根据下文的“Governments around the world have been passing stricter environmental laws and regulations. These laws are effective in controlling industrial pollution.(世界各国政府一直在通过更加严格的环境法律和规定。这些法律在控制工业污染方面是有效的。)”可知，各国政府通过更严格环境法律法规、使用可再生能源以及个人在保护环境方面的作用等内容，由此可知，本段都是在讲应对威胁所采取的措施，F选项“To address the threats, human beings are urged to take some measures.(为了应对这些威胁，人类被敦促采取一些措施。)”引出采取措施这一内容，概括了本段的主题，符合语境。故选F项。 【19题详解】 根据上文的“Renewable energy sources are also being increasingly used. Solar and wind energy, in particular, are catching on.(可再生能源的使用也在不断增加。特别是太阳能和风能，正变得越来越流行。)”以及下文的“Renewable energy sources can reduce our dependence on fossil (化石) fuels and lower carbon emissions.(可再生能源可以减少我们对化石燃料的依赖并降低碳排放。)”可知，上文提到可再生能源尤其是太阳能和风能正在兴起，下文阐述的是可再生能源能减少对化石燃料依赖、降低碳排放，由此可知，此空应是进一步解释可再生能源的优势，E选项“They are clean and sustainable alternatives to traditional energy.(它们是传统能源的清洁且可持续的替代品。)”中的they指代的是上文中的“Solar and wind energy”，说明它们是传统能源的清洁可持续替代品，符合语境。故选E项。 【20题详解】 根据本段主题句“In addition, individuals can also play a vital role in protecting the ecological environment.(此外，个人也可以在保护生态环境中发挥重要作用。)”以及上文的“We can start with simple things in our daily lives, such as saving water and electricity.(我们可以从日常生活中的小事做起，比如节约用水和用电。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是个人行为在保护生态环境中发挥重要作用，结合下文的“We can also choose to use public transportation or bicycles instead of private cars.(我们也可以选择使用公共交通工具或自行车，而不是私家车。)”可知，下文讲述的个人的另一个行为在保护生态环境中发挥的作用，由此可推断，此空应是对上文内容的进一步阐述，B选项“This helps to conserve energy and reduce waste.(这有助于节约能源和减少浪费。)”中的this指的是上文中的“节约水电”行为，进一步说明节约水电的好处，符合语境。故选B项。 第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 One summer day, Sarah decided to go for a bike ride in the countryside. The sun was shining brightly, and the air was filled with the sweet smell of fresh flowers. She felt a great sense of ____21____as she bicycled along the winding path. As Sarah rode further, she ____22____ a small, old house standing at the end of a dirt road. She had never seen it before and felt curious. Resolved to____23____she locked her bike and walked towards it. The door was half ____24____, so Sarah pushed it open and stepped inside. She____25____the rooms, finding some old photographs and ____26____ toys. In the kitchen, Sarah found a____27____cookbook whose cover was torn at the edges. She opened it and was surprised to see ____28____ from her grandmother, who had passed away years ago. Tears welled up in her eyes as she remembered the happy times they had shared. She carefully ____29____ it in her scarf and placed it in her backpack. When Sarah got home, she showed the cookbook to her parents. They were amazed by the _____30_____ and hugged her tightly. That night, Sarah cooked one of her grandmother’s recipes for the whole family, and they had the meal together _____31_____ The experience had been a/an _____32_____ point for Sarah. She learned to _____33_____the value of family history and beauty in everyday life. Looking back, Sarah knew that her _____34_____had led her to a treasure she had never _____35_____to find. 21 A. emptiness B. contentment C. achievement D. loss 22. A. spotted B. located C. imagined D. recognized 23. A. investigate B. slip C. explore D. check 24. A. closed B. stuck C. repaired D. blocked 25. A. searched for B. cleaned up C. broke into D. wandered through 26. A. misplaced B. unused C. ignored D. abandoned 27. A. well-received B. worn-out C. second-hand D. best-selling 28. A. recipes B. menus C. illustrations D. notes 29. A. threw B. wrapped C. folded D. hid 30. A. secret B. wonder C. outcome D. discovery 31. A. calmly B. confidently C. cheerfully D. patiently 32. A. confirming B. breaking C. ending D. turning 33. A. appreciate B. assess C. analyse D. admit 34. A. sympathy B. curiosity C. enthusiasm D. innocence 35. A. arranged B. guaranteed C. expected D. declined 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sarah在一个夏日决定去乡村骑自行车，偶然发现了一座旧房子，并在其中找到了已故祖母的食谱，这一发现让她深感怀念和珍惜。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她沿着蜿蜒的小路骑行时，心中涌起一股强烈的满足感。A. emptiness空虚；B. contentment满足；C. achievement成就；D. loss损失。根据上文“The sun was shining brightly, and the air was filled with the sweet smell of fresh flowers.”以及常理可知，上文指出此时阳光明媚，花香四溢，由此可推测，Sarah骑车时应是充满满足感。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sarah继续骑行，她看到在一条土路的尽头有一座小小的旧房子。A. spotted发现、注意到；B. located定位；C. imagined想象；D. recognized认出。根据上文内容可知，Sarah沿着蜿蜒的小路骑行，由此可知，她是在骑车的时候看到了一座旧房子。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：下定决心去一探究竟，她锁好自行车，朝房子走去。A. investigate调查；B. slip滑倒；C. explore探索；D. check检查。根据上文“She had never seen it before and felt curious.”可知，Sarah对此感到很好奇；再根据下文“she locked her bike and walked towards it”可知，她想去一探究竟。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：门半掩着，于是Sarah推开门，走了进去。A. closed关闭；B. stuck卡住；C. repaired修理；D. blocked阻塞。根据下文“so Sarah pushed it open and stepped inside.”可知，门并没有锁，所以Sarah才推门走了进去。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她在各个房间里四处走动，发现了一些旧照片和被遗弃的玩具。A. searched for寻找；B. cleaned up打扫；C. broke into闯入；D. wandered through漫步、闲逛。根据上文“Resolved to ____3____ she locked her bike and walked towards it.”可知，Sarah想进去一探究竟；再根据下文“finding some old photographs”可知，Sarah在各个房间里走来走去。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她在各个房间里四处走动，发现了一些旧照片和被遗弃的玩具。A. misplaced放错位置的；B. unused未使用的；C. ignored被忽视的；D. abandoned被遗弃的。根据上文“As Sarah rode further, she ____2____ a small, old house standing at the end of a dirt road.”可知，房子很旧；再根据空前“some old photographs”中的“old”可推测，她发现了一些被遗弃的玩具。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在厨房里，Sarah发现了一本破旧的烹饪书，书的封面边缘已经破损。A. well-received受欢迎的；B. worn-out穿破的、用旧的；C. second-hand二手的；D. best-selling畅销的。根据空后的“whose cover was torn at the edges”可知，这本烹饪书有点破旧。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她打开书，惊讶地看到了来自多年前去世的祖母的菜谱。A. recipes食谱；B. menus菜单；C. illustrations插图；D. notes笔记。根据上文“In the kitchen, Sarah found a ____7____ cookbook whose cover was torn at the edges.”中的“cookbook”以及下文“That night, Sarah cooked one of her grandmother’s recipes for the whole family”可推测，书中有来自多年前去世的祖母的菜谱。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她小心翼翼地用围巾把书包起来，放进了背包里。A. threw扔；B. wrapped包装；C. folded折叠；D. hid隐藏。根据空后的“in her scarf”中的“scarf”可推测，她是用围巾把书包起来。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这个发现惊叹不已，紧紧地拥抱了她。A. secret秘密；B. wonder奇迹；C. outcome结果；D. discovery发现。根据 “When Sarah got home, she showed the cookbook to her parents.”以及上文内容可知，她发现了有祖母菜谱的烹饪书，这个发现让父母很惊讶。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，Sarah按照祖母的一份菜谱为全家人做了一顿饭，一家人开心地共进晚餐。A. calmly平静地；B. confidently自信地；C. cheerfully愉快地；D. patiently耐心地。根据上文“Tears welled up in her eyes as she remembered the happy times they had shared.”可知，Sarah很喜欢和祖母一起待在一起的时光；再根据上文“That night, Sarah cooked one of her grandmother’s recipes for the whole family”可知，能够吃到根据祖母的菜谱所做的饭菜，一家人自然很开心。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次经历对Sarah来说是一个转折点。A. confirming确认、证实；B. breaking打破；C. ending结束；D. turning转变。根据下文“She learned to ____13____ the value of family history and beauty in everyday life.”可知，Sarah开始欣赏生活中的美好，这对她而言是一个转折点。考查短语：a turning point，意为“转折点”，符合句意。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她学会了珍视家族历史的价值以及日常生活中的美好。A. appreciate感激、欣赏；B. assess评估；C. analyse分析；D. admit承认。根据下文“Looking back, Sarah knew that her ____14____ had led her to a treasure she had never ____15____ to find.”中的“treasure”可推测，Sarah学会了珍视家族历史的价值以及日常生活中的美好。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：回首往事，Sarah知道是她的好奇心引领她找到了一份从未预料到会发现的珍宝。 A. sympathy同情；B. curiosity好奇心；C. enthusiasm热情；D. innocence无辜。根据上文“She had never seen it before and felt curious.”以及全文内容可知，是好奇心使得Sarah找到了祖母的食谱。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：回首往事，Sarah知道是她的好奇心引领她找到了一份从未预料到会发现的珍宝。A. arranged安排；B. guaranteed保证；C. expected期待，料想；D. declined拒绝。根据上文“She had never seen it before and felt curious.”以及全文内容可知，Sarah并没有想到自己能够找到已故祖母的食谱。故选C。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Rosalind Franklin: The Overlooked DNA Pioneer Rosalind Franklin, a British chemist, made groundbreaking contributions to DNA research. Her X-ray images offered the first concrete evidence ____36____ DNA had a double-helix structure. Yet, her work was long unrecognized. Franklin’s methods were meticulous (一丝不苟的). She dedicated countless hours to studying crystals through a microscope, demanding that every statistic ____37____ (record) with precision. One of her key techniques ____38____ (be) refining X-ray technology, which became vital to the discovery. ____39____ addition to her research, Franklin mentored young scientists selflessly. Her patriotism was ____40____ (primary) shown in her dedication to truth. Tragically, she passed away before realizing ____41____ profoundly her discovery shaped modern biology. Franklin’s legacy teaches that science requires not just abstract theories but ____42____(practice) solutions. She developed ____43____ novel method to capture clearer images, proving the need for innovation. Her famous quote remains a principle ____44____(guide) researchers today. Just as a telescope reveals distant stars, her work _____45_____ (serve) as a beacon for future discoveries. 【答案】36. that 37. should be recorded##be recorded 38. was 39. In 40. primarily 41. how 42. practical 43. a 44. guiding 45. serves 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。英国化学家Rosalind Franklin对DNA研究贡献重大，其工作曾被忽视，她的成果及精神影响深远。 【36题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：她的X射线图像提供了第一个确凿的证据，证明DNA具有双螺旋结构。分析句子可知，DNA had a double-helix structure是对evidence的解释说明，为同位语从句，且从句中不缺少成分且句意完整，所以应用连接词that引导。故填that。 【37题详解】 考查虚拟语气。句意：她花费了无数个小时通过显微镜研究晶体，要求每一个统计数据都要精确记录。demand表示“要求”时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即“(should) + 动词原形”，statistic与record之间是被动关系，所以用(should) be recorded。故填(should) be recorded。 【38题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她的关键技术之一是改进X射线技术，这对这项发现至关重要。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，句子描述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时，主语One of her key techniques是单数概念，所以谓语动词用was。故填was。 【39题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：除了她的研究之外，富兰克林还无私地指导年轻科学家。这里考查in addition to，是固定短语，意为“除…… 之外（还）”，且句首时首字母应大写。故填In。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：她的爱国主义主要体现在她对真理的奉献上。分析句子可知，此处需要一个副词修饰动词shown，primary的副词形式是primarily，意为“主要地”。故填primarily。 41题详解】 考查感叹句。句意：可悲的是，在她意识到自己的发现对现代生物学产生了多么深远的影响之前，她就去世了。分析句子可知，profoundly是副词，“her discovery shaped modern biology”是句子的主谓宾结构，此处是感叹句作宾语从句，修饰副词要用how。故填how。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：富兰克林的遗产告诉我们，科学不仅需要抽象的理论，还需要实际的解决方案。分析句子可知，此处需要一个形容词修饰名词solutions，practice的形容词形式是practical，意为“实际的；实用的”，符合句意。故填practical。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：她开发了一种新的方法来捕捉更清晰的图像，证明了创新的必要性。method是可数名词，此处表示“一种新的方法”，novel是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她的名言至今仍是指导研究人员的原则。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，principle与guide之间是主动关系，再由句意可知，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填guiding。 【45题详解】 考查时态。句意：就像望远镜能揭示遥远的星星一样，她的工作是未来发现的灯塔。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，主语her work与serve之间为主动关系，句子描述的是客观事实，要用一般现在时，主语her work是单数，所以谓语动词用serves。故填serves。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(共15分) 46. 假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括: 1)表示歉意；2)说明原因；3)补救方案并另约时间。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Bob, I’m writing to sincerely apologize for having to postpone our bookstore visit this weekend. I’ve been selected to represent our school in a national academic competition next month, so I have to be fully committed to preparing it. To make up for this, I’d love to suggest a new plan! There’s a fascinating exhibition on sustainable innovation at the city library next Saturday afternoon. It combines our shared interests in technology and environmental science, and I think it’d be a meaningful experience. Would this work for you? Once again, I’m sorry for the inconvenience. Let me know your thoughts — I’m flexible and excited to reschedule! Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就不能赴约书店给留学生朋友Bob写一封信。其内容包括：表示歉意、说明原因、补救方案并另约时间。 【详解】1.词汇积累 推迟：postpone→put off 比赛：competition→contest 建议：suggest→recommend 重新安排：reschedule→rearrange 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to sincerely apologize for having to postpone our bookstore visit this weekend. 拓展句：I’m writing to sincerely apologize that I have to postpone our bookstore visit this weekend. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’ve been selected to represent our school in a national academic competition next month, so I have to be fully committed to preparing it. （运用了被动语态和动名词作宾语） 【高分句型2】It combines our shared interests in technology and environmental science, and I think it’d be a meaningful experience.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 第二节 读后续写(共25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The high jump mat (垫子) loomed in front of me like a monster. I had signed up for the track and field competition on a dare, never imagining I’d actually make it to the finals. Now, the bar (杆) was set at 1.6 meters — a height I had failed to clear three times in practice. My legs felt like jelly. “You’re up next, Lena!” Coach Harris called. The crowd in the bleachers cheered, but their voices sounded distant. I wiped my sweaty palms on my shorts, remembering the last time I attempted this height. My foot had caught the bar, sending it crashing landed awkwardly on the mat. The laughter from the other students still haunted me. Coach walked over and placed a hand on my shoulder. “Fear is just a shadow,” he said quietly. “It’s not real unless you let it block your light.” He pointed to my shoes-old but meticulously cleaned. “Remember why you put these on today.” I glanced down. On the inside of my left shoe, I had written “For Dad” in permanent marker. My father, a former athlete, had always believed I could do anything. He’d passed away last year, but his voice still echoed in my mind: “The only limit is the one you set for yourself.” Taking a deep breath, I stepped back to begin my approach. 注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The moment my feet left the ground, time seemed to slow. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At the award ceremony the next day, Coach handed me a small, aged notebook. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The moment my feet left the ground, time seemed to slow. I felt the spring of the track beneath me, the air rushing past my face. My eyes stayed locked on the bar, but instead of fear, I felt a strange calm. There was only Dad’s voice-clear, steady and alive. “Bend at the hips, Lena. Let the world fall away.” My right leg swung up, then my left followed in a smooth arc. For a heartbeat, I hung in the air and then I was rolling onto the mat. The bar trembled but stayed in place. The crowd exploded into cheers. I lay there, staring at the sky, tears mixing with sweat. I had done it. At the award ceremony the next day, Coach handed me a small, aged notebook. As I flipped through the pages, my breath caught. Inside were my father’s handwritten training notes, filled with tips and sketches of jumping techniques. On the last page, he had written: “To my Lena — someday, you’ll fly higher than I ever did.” Tears spilled onto the paper as I clutched the notebook to my chest, feeling his presence stronger than ever. “He’d be proud,” Coach said softly. I nodded, knowing this was just the beginning. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。文章讲述了Lena参加跳高比赛的经历。尽管她在练习中多次未能跳过1.6米的高度，但在教练的鼓励和父亲的信念支持下，她最终克服了恐惧，成功完成了比赛。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我的双脚离开地面的那一刻，时间似乎过得很慢。”可知，第一段可描写作者在起跳时的心理活动和她如何克服恐惧，最终成功跳过1.6米高度的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“在第二天的颁奖典礼上，教练递给我一个又小又旧的笔记本。”可知，第二段可描写教练给作者的笔记本中隐藏的故事，以及作者对父亲和教练的感激之情。 2.续写线索： 起跳——心理感受——成功——颁奖——笔记本——父亲的赠言——感受 3.词汇激活： 行为类 ①紧握：clutch/hold on to ②颤抖：tremble/shake ③突然爆发：explode into/break into/ burst into 情绪类 ①恐惧：fear/scare ②喝彩：cheer/applause 【点睛】【高分句型1】I lay there, staring at the sky, tears mixing with sweat.（运用了现在分词作状语和“名词+现在分词”构成的独立主格） 【高分句型2】Tears spilled onto the paper as I clutched the notebook to my chest, feeling his presence stronger than ever.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句和现在分词作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重庆八中2024-2025学年度(下)高二年级第一次月考 英语试题 第一部分 听力(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How will Alex go to meet the woman? A. By plane. B. By subway. C. By car. 2. Where are the twins now? A. In the bedroom. B. In the bathroom. C. In the dining room. 3. What will the man do next month? A. Join a gym. B. Make a workout plan. C. Take part in a contest. 4. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Deliveryman and customer. B. Neighbors. C. Workmates. 5. What does Kelly mean? A. She beat Frank last week. B. She swims faster than before. C. She is the best swimmer in the school. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What activity does the first tour include? A. Eating seafood. B. Watching penguins. C. Exploring a cafe. 7. What will the woman do next? A. Go for some food. B. Leave for home. C. Take a street walk. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8 When did the man first want to become a writer? A. When he was a child. B. After he became a father. C. Before he retired as a doctor. 9. What do we know about the man? A. He is an environmentalist. B. He has changed his lifestyle. C. He focuses on children’s books. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Where is the first bridge located? A. In Rome. B. In Florence. C. In Azerbaijan. 11. Why was the second bridge built? A. To connect two countries. B. To accommodate workers. C. To serve as a historical landmark. 12 What does the woman say about the second bridge? A. It is about 48 miles long. B. It was built in 1345. C. It is well equipped. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. How often does Vicky work on a different trip? A. Twice a month. B. Once a month. C. Every two months. 14. Who was the trip to the Caribbean targeted at last year? A. Popular singers. B. Musical enthusiasts. C. Old stars. 15 How has Vicky spent her spare time during a trip? A. By talking with others. B. By listening to music. C. By doing a training course. 16. What does Vicky plan to be in the future? A. A trainer. B. A psychologist. C. A tour guide. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. Her gap year experience. B. Her father’s influence. C. Her travel arrangements. 18. When did the speaker set off? A. In January. B. In June. C. In July. 19. What did the speaker do during the journey? A. She kept a diary. B. She took maths classes. C. She completed some homework. 20. Why did the speaker’s father make the decision? A. To let his kids explore the world first-hand. B. To help his kids to make foreign friends. C. To relieve the stress of the whole family. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Four Famous Female Scientists Katherine Johnson Katherine Johnson graduated from college — with honors — at the same age most people graduated from high school. She later applied to a program at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and earned a spot as one of the agency’s human computers. One of Katherine’s most important jobs was calculating the path of the first American manned spaceflight in 1961 and the Apollo moon landing in 1969. While NASA began using computers for the task in 1962, astronaut John Glenn refused to go into flight until Katherine checked the computer’s calculations by hand. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin When Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin became the first woman to receive a PhD from Harvard’s Radeliffe College, no one knew how much her doctoral paper would change the world of science. Her conclusion that stars are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium (氦) contradicted the main theory of the time, and some of the day’s leading scientists openly questioned her findings. It would take more than a decade for another scientist to reach the same conclusion. Lise Meitner Lise Meitner is one of only two women to have an element named in her honor — the element with the atomic number 109 is called meitnerium. She was the first physics professor in Germany and the first scientist to include the term“nuclear fission (裂变)” in a published paper. During her career, she discovered what causes the Auger Effect, explained how nuclear fission works, and uncovered the element protactinium (镤). Grace Hopper Grace Hopper was known for her pioneering work in the development of computer programming languages. She began her career in computing and worked on the Harvard Mark I computer program. Later she created the first program that translated code into machine language, and also developed the COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) programming language. 1. What was one of Katherine Johnson’s significant contributions? A. She earned a PhD from Harvard. B. She developed a programming language. C. She explained how nuclear fission works. D. She calculated the path for major space missions. 2. Whose conclusion about stars faced opposition from leading scientists? A. Katherine Johnson’s. B. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin’s. C. Lise Meitner’s. D. Grace Hopper’s. 3. What do Lise Meitner and Grace Hopper have in common? A. They graduated from Harvard. B. They discovered new elements. C. They worked on something about computers. D. They were both pioneers in their own field. B By 2015, the priest Joyner of Conetoe came to understand he was hosting funerals (葬礼) twice a month — a surprising number for his town’s tiny population. In this African American town, a quarter of families live an extremely poor life and heart disease kills more 20 to 39-year olds than car accidents do. Joyner decided to do something about it. Driving home one day, he pulled over and thought that maybe he’d get further with his eyes open. He looked around, and all he saw was farmland. It gave him an idea: Get the kids to take part in it. Joyner ran a youth camp, so that summer, he showed the campers how to grow their own food on the small land. The kids, 4 to 16 years old, ate up the vegetables they had grown, and the following year, they gave free boxes of vegetables to the old people in the town. Not everyone welcomed the idea. Some church elders questioned whether it was wise to let kids take part in agrarian pursuit (农业工作). But Joyner saw it differently. “The kids are bringing food to people who need it. They enjoy what they’re doing,” he said. At the same time, it improved the health of the community by providing healthy foods. Today, because of Joyner, that small land has changed into the 21-acre Conetoe Family Life Center. The local hospital, schools and restaurants help the center by buying its salad greens, peppers, strawberries, and other food for people. Research from East Carolina University found that people in Conetoe have lost weight, lowered their blood pressure, and visited the hospital less frequently because of the fresh food and health advice available at the center. 4. What do we know about the town where Joyner lives? A. It develops very slowly. B. There are not enough churches. C. People are too poor to live a healthy life. D. Many young people die from accidents. 5. Why did Joyner decide to grow food on the small land? A. To provide food for kids. B. To lower the number of deaths. C. To teach kids how to plant. D. To make full use of the small land. 6. What did some church elders think of Joyner’s idea? A. They weren’t interested in it. B. They were doubtful about it. C. They strongly disagreed with it. D. They thought it did harm to kids. 7. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A. Joyner’s Agricultural Solution for Community Health B. A Small Town’s Battle Against Poverty and Accidents C. Kids in Farming: Challenges and Triumphs in a Poor Town D. The Transformation of a Farmland into a Life - Changing Center C Among the members of my social network, a handful bring out mixed emotions — both eagerness and fear. Interactions with them feel like a conversational game of Russian roulette (轮盘赌). In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but if I catch them at the wrong moment, they can wipe out all my positive energy. There is simply no knowing what is to come. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies. Julianne Holt-Lunstad and her colleagues at Brigham Young University have designed a scale that identifies four categories of relationships. You can try it for yourself. Pick a couple of people within your social network and answer the following two questions on a scale of one (not at all) to six (very much). When you are feeling in need of advice, understanding or a favor, how helpful is your connection? Likewise, how upsetting is your connection? People who score one on both questions are your indifferent relationships — a neighbor, perhaps, with neither good nor bad qualities. Those who score highly on the first question, while getting the lowest possible rating on the second, are your supportive and loyal social ties. Those with the lowest score on the first question and high marks on the second are aversive relationships. Finally, anyone with a score of two or more on both scales is considered an ambivalent connection — your frenemies. They may be incredibly generous when you have a problem yet can also strike back with a bitter put-down when they feel envious or threatened. Research suggests that ambivalent, love-hate relationships are often more stressful than consistently negative ones, damaging mental and physical health. Cutting off contact may not always be possible, especially if the person is a boss or family member. So, what can be done? Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection. Personally, I use this insight to prepare myself emotionally, focus on the positives, and limit interactions when needed. It also leads me to reflect on my own actions — am I ever the frenemy? I am resolved to be a little more mindful of my interactions with all my ties. 8. Why does the author compare interactions with certain people to Russian roulette? A. To suggest ways to handle these interactions. B. To show how these people compete for attention. C. To introduce a social game these people like to play. D. To stress how unpredictable these interactions can be. 9. Which figure best illustrates the different types of relationships in our social network? A. B. C. D. 10. What does the author suggest readers do? A. Avoid interacting with frenemies. B. Caution against acting like a frenemy. C. Encourage frenemies to act more positively. D. Balance frenemies with supportive friendships. 11. What is the central message the author intends to convey through this text? A. A friend in need is a friend indeed. B. Only true friends are worth keeping. C. A healthy friendship needs give-and-take. D. Love-hate relationships are surprisingly bad. D The numerous bacteria that naturally inhabit the human body seem to help us in many ways. One group is emerging as particularly beneficial: a type of gut (肠道) bacteria known as Blautia, which has made headlines recently because it seems to produce some really remarkable effects. Now, a Chinese team is glimpsing another potential benefit of Blautia: helping people adapt to high altitudes. Their findings suggest that providing Blautia could help mountaineers and others perform better in these challenging environments. Qing-Peng Kong, a geneticist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and his team recruited 45 men to move from their homes at 250 meters above sea level to a town at about 3,700 meters. Despite the thin air, the men ate similar food as they had at home, minimizing the effects of diet changes on their gut bacteria. After 2 days, Blautia went from being rare to very abundant in their guts. In the second experiment, the team exposed mice to controlled low-oxygen conditions in the lab first and then simulated (模拟) an altitude of 4,000 meters, while giving Blautia to half of them every other day. The Blautia-treated mice showed milder response of altitude sickness. This opens the door into whether altitude sickness might be amenable to treatment through the gut. The bacteria’s effect may also extend to the brain. “Its superpower comes from the connection between the gut and the brain,” says Klepac-Cerak at Wellesley College. The fatty acids it makes are known to activate receptors (神经末梢) on nerves that connect the digestive system, heart and brain. This could help explain a surprising relationship that Klepac-Cerak reported last year: Kids are more likely to talk and laugh when they have more Blautia in their guts. “There’s lots of communication happening between our brain; we are just beginning to uncover what services bacteria do for us.” Klepac-Cerak notes. Blautia’s apparent superpowers suggest to Kong it could serve as a supplement (补充) that benefits people regardless of whether they are planning a trip to Tibet. But first, Kong says, he wants to find out whether Blautia is a “solo” player or has these protective effects only as part of a larger group of bacteria. 12. What’s the newly-found benefit of the study led by a Chinese team? A. It gets public attention. B. It helps people do better at high altitudes. C. It makes social media angry. D. It introduces an advanced new technology. 13. What do we know about the subjects (实验对象) in both experiments? A. They experienced low-oxygen conditions. B. They received Blautia in their diet. C. They moved to high-altitude regions. D. They suffered severe altitude sickness. 14. What does the underlined word “amenable” in Paragraph 3 mean?”. A. Careless B. Untreatable. C. Unchangeable D. Reactive. 15. How would both Kong and Klepac-Cerak describe Blautia’s role in human health? A. double-edged sword. B. A solo player. C. An extremely effective solution. D. A partially-understood influence 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白外的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余选项。 Protecting the Ecological Environment As we all know, the ecological environment is crucial for the survival and development of all life on Earth. It provides us with essential resources such as clean air, fresh water, and rich soil. ____16____ Industrialization has led to increased emissions (排放) of pollutants into the air and water. Factories release large amounts of waste gases and liquids, which not only damage the quality of the air we breathe but also pollute rivers and lakes. ____17____ Vast areas of trees are being cleared for agriculture, logging, and urban expansion. This destroys the habitats of countless species and contributes to soil loss. ____18____ Governments around the world have been passing stricter environmental laws and regulations. These laws are effective in controlling industrial pollution. For example, they set limits on the amount of pollutants that factories can release and require heavy fines as punishment. Renewable energy sources are also being increasingly used. Solar and wind energy, in particular, are catching on. ____19____ Renewable energy sources can reduce our dependence on fossil (化石) fuels and lower carbon emissions. In addition, individuals can also play a vital role in protecting the ecological environment. We can start with simple things in our daily lives, such as saving water and electricity. ____20____ We can also choose to use public transportation or bicycles instead of private cars. Moreover, raising public awareness of environmental protection is essential. Only when everyone realizes the importance of protecting the ecological environment as well as takes action can we hope to have a sustainable future. A. Deforestation is another major issue. B. This helps to conserve energy and reduce waste. C. Cutting carbon emissions is essential for our welfare. D. After all, their cost may add too much burden to our lives. E. They are clean and sustainable alternatives to traditional energy. F. To address the threats, human beings are urged to take some measures. G. However, human activities have been posing a serious threat to it recently. 第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 One summer day, Sarah decided to go for a bike ride in the countryside. The sun was shining brightly, and the air was filled with the sweet smell of fresh flowers. She felt a great sense of ____21____as she bicycled along the winding path. As Sarah rode further, she ____22____ a small, old house standing at the end of a dirt road. She had never seen it before and felt curious. Resolved to____23____she locked her bike and walked towards it. The door was half ____24____, so Sarah pushed it open and stepped inside. She____25____the rooms, finding some old photographs and ____26____ toys. In the kitchen, Sarah found a____27____cookbook whose cover was torn at the edges. She opened it and was surprised to see ____28____ from her grandmother, who had passed away years ago. Tears welled up in her eyes as she remembered the happy times they had shared. She carefully ____29____ it in her scarf and placed it in her backpack. When Sarah got home, she showed the cookbook to her parents. They were amazed by the _____30_____ and hugged her tightly. That night, Sarah cooked one of her grandmother’s recipes for the whole family, and they had the meal together _____31_____ The experience had been a/an _____32_____ point for Sarah. She learned to _____33_____the value of family history and beauty in everyday life. Looking back, Sarah knew that her _____34_____had led her to a treasure she had never _____35_____to find. 21. A. emptiness B. contentment C. achievement D. loss 22. A. spotted B. located C. imagined D. recognized 23. A. investigate B. slip C. explore D. check 24. A. closed B. stuck C. repaired D. blocked 25. A. searched for B. cleaned up C. broke into D. wandered through 26. A. misplaced B. unused C. ignored D. abandoned 27. A. well-received B. worn-out C. second-hand D. best-selling 28. A. recipes B. menus C. illustrations D. notes 29 A. threw B. wrapped C. folded D. hid 30. A. secret B. wonder C. outcome D. discovery 31. A. calmly B. confidently C. cheerfully D. patiently 32. A. confirming B. breaking C. ending D. turning 33. A. appreciate B. assess C. analyse D. admit 34. A. sympathy B. curiosity C. enthusiasm D. innocence 35. A. arranged B. guaranteed C. expected D. declined 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Rosalind Franklin: The Overlooked DNA Pioneer Rosalind Franklin, a British chemist, made groundbreaking contributions to DNA research. Her X-ray images offered the first concrete evidence ____36____ DNA had a double-helix structure. Yet, her work was long unrecognized. Franklin’s methods were meticulous (一丝不苟的). She dedicated countless hours to studying crystals through a microscope, demanding that every statistic ____37____ (record) with precision. One of her key techniques ____38____ (be) refining X-ray technology, which became vital to the discovery. ____39____ addition to her research, Franklin mentored young scientists selflessly. Her patriotism was ____40____ (primary) shown in her dedication to truth. Tragically, she passed away before realizing ____41____ profoundly her discovery shaped modern biology. Franklin’s legacy teaches that science requires not just abstract theories but ____42____(practice) solutions. She developed ____43____ novel method to capture clearer images, proving the need for innovation. Her famous quote remains a principle ____44____(guide) researchers today. Just as a telescope reveals distant stars, her work _____45_____ (serve) as a beacon for future discoveries. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(共15分) 46. 假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括: 1)表示歉意；2)说明原因；3)补救方案并另约时间。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写(共25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The high jump mat (垫子) loomed in front of me like a monster. I had signed up for the track and field competition on a dare, never imagining I’d actually make it to the finals. Now, the bar (杆) was set at 1.6 meters — a height I had failed to clear three times in practice. My legs felt like jelly. “You’re up next, Lena!” Coach Harris called. The crowd in the bleachers cheered, but their voices sounded distant. I wiped my sweaty palms on my shorts, remembering the last time I attempted this height. My foot had caught the bar, sending it crashing landed awkwardly on the mat. The laughter from the other students still haunted me. Coach walked over and placed a hand on my shoulder. “Fear is just a shadow,” he said quietly. “It’s not real unless you let it block your light.” He pointed to my shoes-old but meticulously cleaned. “Remember why you put these on today.” I glanced down. On the inside of my left shoe, I had written “For Dad” in permanent marker. My father, a former athlete, had always believed I could do anything. He’d passed away last year, but his voice still echoed in my mind: “The only limit is the one you set for yourself.” Taking a deep breath, I stepped back to begin my approach. 注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The moment my feet left the ground, time seemed to slow. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At the award ceremony the next day, Coach handed me a small, aged notebook. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$