内容正文:
考点清单03 易混易错语法归纳
Unit7 Being a Smart Shopper
考点1.量词
(一)语法考点
1.概念:表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词叫做量词。
2.特点:可以帮助可数名词和不可数名词表示数量。
【考点01】可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词
不可数名词
分单、复数两种形式
desk →desks
bus → buses
没有复数形式
tea
meat
前面可用基数词、不定冠
词修饰
three boys an orange
不可以被基数词和不定冠词直接修饰,若表示数量可用“单位词+不可数名词”
a piece of paper
two cups of tea
可数名词的复数前可用many,some, any修饰
many teachers
some friends
可用much, some, any修饰
some milk
much bread
【考点02】可数名词和不可数名词数的变化
1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
规则变化
示 例
1 大多数名词在词尾加-s
letter→ letters, cat→ cats, boy→ boys, desk→ desks
② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es
class→ classes, box→ boxes, watch→ watches, brush→ brushes
③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es
hobby→ hobbies, city→ cities, country→ countries
④ 以o结尾的名词,大多数加-s,少数加-es
加-s: radio→ radios, zoo→ zoos, photo→ photos, piano→ pianos
加-es: hero→ heroes, tomato→ tomatoes, potato→ potatoes
⑤ 部分以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加-es
knife→ knives, half→ halves
用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为v加-es的单词:
树叶 半 数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,
架后窜出一只狼,就像盗贼逃命忙。
leaf树叶 half一半 self 自己 wife妻子 knife 小刀
Shelf 架子 wolf 狼 thief 贼 life 生命
注意:可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用,有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。
2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化
不规则变化
示 例
① 变化元音字母构成复数
foot→ feet, goose→ geese, tooth→ teeth, man→ men,
woman→ women
② 单复数形式相同
sheep, deer, fish (注意:fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形;指鱼的种类时复数是fishes)
③ 特殊变化
child→ children, mouse→ mice, ox→ oxen
3. 其他情况:
① “某国人”变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面。如:
中日不变:Chinese, Japanese
英法变:Englishman→ Englishmen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen
其余-s加后面:Germans, Americans, Australians, Indians
② 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数,一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如:
a girl student→ two girl students, a story book→ ten story books
复合词中第一个词是man或woman时,两个名词都变为复数形式。如:
a man worker→ three men workers, a woman doctor→ six women doctors
③ 只表示复数意义的名词:trousers, clothes, police, people, cattle (牛;家畜)
④ 集体名词family, team, class, couple, group等视为整体时,表示单数意义;指这些集体的成员时,则表示复数意义。如:
My family is a large one.我家是个大家庭。
【考点 03】可数名词和不可数名词的分类
(1)确切数量:
①数词+量词+of+可数名词复数 如:a box of apples 一箱苹果 there baskets of eggs 三篮子鸡蛋
②数词+量词+of+不可数名词 如: a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two kilos of rice 两千克大米
(2)不确切数量:
①只修饰可数名词复数
单词/短语
意思
单词/短语
意思
many
很多
many carrots
很多胡萝卜
too many
太多
too many things
太多事情
few
很少;几乎没有
few trees
没有几棵树
a few
少量;一些
a few bags of salt
几袋盐
a number of
许多;大量
a number of students
许多学生
these
这些
these books
这些书
those
那些
those children
那些儿童
a couple of
一对;几个
a couple of birds
几只小鸟
2只修饰不可数名词
单词/短语
意思
单词/短语
意思
much
很多
much water
很多水
too much
太多
too much salt
太多盐
little
很少;几乎没有
little meat
几乎没有肉
a little
少量;一些
a little chicken
一点鸡肉
a bit of
一点
a bit of food
一点食物
③既可以修饰可数名词复数也可以修饰不可数名词
单词/短语
意思
单词/短语
意思
some, any
一些
some coffee
一些咖啡
a lot of/lots of
plenty of
许多;大量
许多;大量
a lot of /lots of carrots
plenty of bees
许多胡萝卜
许多蜜蜂
most
大部分
most people
大部分人
3.扩展
(1)可数名词单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;
(2)多个并列可数名词单数或可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词须用单数形式。
如:five-year-old 5岁大的;
a five-yuan money 一张5元的钱
a six-foot-deep hole一个6英尺深的洞
(4)some 在否定句或一般疑问句中应变成any,但在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的问句中,不用变。
如:(肯定句) Xiao Lin has some bread for breakfast.小林早餐吃的面包。
(否定句)Xiao Lin doesn't have any bread for breakfast.小林早餐没吃面包。
(表示请求、邀请) Would you like some coffee?你想喝咖啡吗?
(希望得到肯定的回答)Do you have some stamps?你有邮票吗?
考点2.How many/How much 的用法
【知识点01】how many的用法
l.how many 意为“多少”,后接可数名词的复数形式,对可数名词的数量进行提问。
如:——How many apples do you have? 你有多少个苹果?
——Five. 5个
——How many students are there in your class? 你班有多少个学生?
—— Forty. 40个
2.how many 在there be句型中的用法
eg: There are some/five students in the classroom.(对划线部分进行提问)
即:How many+可数名词复数+are there+地点/时间状语?的句型结构
How many students are there in the classroom
eg: 1.There is a book on the desk.(改为用 how many 提问的特殊疑问句)
How many books are there on the desk?
2. There are seven days in a week.(对划线部分进行提问)
How many days are there in a week?
口诀:how many在句首,名词复数跟着走、一般问句紧相随,其它成分不要丢
3.用how many引导的特殊疑问句,不管主语是单数还是复数,其后可数名词一般都用复数形式,
因为问话人不知道具体数量是多少,而且many只能接可数名词复数形式。
如: There is an apple in the basket.( 用 how many 改为特殊疑问句)
How many apples are there in the basket?
【知识点02】how much的用法
(1)用来询问事物的数量,后接不可数名词。
例如:How much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯里有多少牛奶?
(2)用来询问事物的重量。
例如:——How much does the pig weigh?这头猪多重?
——Eighty kilos.八十公斤。
(3)how much 意为“多少钱”时,用来询问某物的价钱、价格。可以与“What's the price of...?”互换
例如:How much is the eraser?这块橡皮擦多少钱?
=What's the price of the eraser?
How much are these apples?这些苹果多少钱?
=What's the price of these apples?
(4)用来询问数字计算的结果,相当于what。
例如:——How much is three plus one?三加一等于多少?
——It's four.等于四。
注意:how much 后接be 动词时,be 是单数还是复数,取决于be后面的名词!
如:——How much are the bananas?这些香蕉多少钱?
——How much is this coat?这件大衣多少钱?
【知识点03】how much 和how many区别
1.所修饰词不同
(1)how much用来修饰不可数名词,表示数量,也可单独使用。
它的句式是:How much+不可数名词+一般疑问句?
如:How much milk is there in the glass? 玻璃杯里有多少牛奶?
(2)how many用来修饰可数名词的复数,表示数量
它的句式是:How many+可数名词的复数+一般疑问句?
如:How many apples do you have?你有多少苹果?
2.用法不同:
(1)How much 表示多少,用来询问价格,重量等。
如:How much is this dress? 这件连衣裙多少钱?
How much does the boy weigh? 这个男孩有多重?
(2)How many 表示多少,用来询问可数名词的数量
如:How many sheep do you have?你有多少只羊?
【语法精炼】
1.—______ milk do we need for the cake?
—Two cups.
A.How many B.How much C.How long D.How often
2.—______ is this pair of shoes?
—It’s 50 yuan.
A.How many B.How much C.What size D.What color
3.—________ does an iPhone 14 cost?
—More than 6,000 yuan. I don’t think it is a good idea to spend so much on a phone.
A.How many B.How long C.How much
4.How many ________ do you have?
A.dog B.dogs C.a dog
5.—How many books are there on the shelf?
—About ________.
A.four hundred B.four hundreds C.four hundred of D.four hundreds of
6.— How many people are there in the hall?
— About ________.
A.three hundred B.three hundreds C.three-hundred
7.—How many birds can you see in the trees?
—I can see_________ birds in them.
A.hundreds of B.hundred of in the mountains
C.five hundreds of D.five hundreds
8.—How many ________ do you need to take to the man?
—Let’s take two first.
A.bag of rice B.bags of rice C.bags of rices D.bag of rices
9.How many ________ did you eat yesterday?
A.fish B.vegetables C.fruit D.yogurt
10.—How many ________ do you need?
—Two, I think.
A.bag of rice B.bags of rice C.bags of rices D.bag of rices
11.—How many ________ are there on the table?
—Eighteen.
A.milk B.milks C.bottle of milk D.bottles of milk
12.—How many friends will come to your ________ birthday?
—About ________.
A.fifteen; fifteenth B.fifteen; fifteen C.fifteenth; fifteen
13.—How many people are there in A Dream of Red Mansionx(《红楼梦》)?
—________ them ________ over four hundred.
A.The number of; is B.The number of; are C.A number of; is D.A number of; are
14.— How many cows do you see?
— ________
A.They are black. B.That’s my home. C.I see seven. D.It’s a small lake.
15.—How much is the pair of shoes?
—________ 180 yuan.
A.It’s B.They’re C.Its D.Their
16.—How much butter do we need?
—We need ________.
A.two spoon of butter B.two spoon of butters C.two spoons of butter
17.—How much ________ do you need to make the salad?
—Only two teaspoons.
A.strawberry B.yogurt C.pears D.bananas
18.—How much ________ the pair of trousers?
—88 yuan.
A.are B.is C.am D.be
19.How much are ________, Miss?
A.two bars of chocolates B.two bars of chocolate
C.two bar of chocolates D.two bar of chocolate
20.—How much ________ this pair of socks?
—________ 3 dollars a pair.
A.is; It’s B.is; They’re C.are; It has D.are; They’re
Unit 8 Our Blue Planet
考点 1.基数词
1.基数词的构成
(1)0—12单独记。如: zero, one, two, three等。
(2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如:fourteen, seventeen等,但13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen需要特殊记。
(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。
20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty等。
(4)"几十几"要加连字符号"-"。
48—forty-eight, 97—ninety-seven等。
(5)"几百几十"或者"几百几十几"在"百"后加and。
156—one hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine。
(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作thousand(千),第二个逗号读作million(百万),第三个逗号读作billion(十亿),hundred后莫忘"and"。
3,610=three thousand six hundred and ten;
94,295=ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five;
2.基数词的用法
1.基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词,在句中可作定语、主语、宾语(介宾)、表语、同位语等。
例1.Three and five is eight. 3+5=8 (作表语)
例2.How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子?
I want eight. 我要八个。 (作宾语)
例3.There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八条小船。(作定语)
2. 用作基数词单位的 hundred, thousand, million, billion 通常不带复数词尾-s,但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指,则用复数。
About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。
Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。
3.英语中没有“万”这个读数单位,要表示汉语中的“万”,英语需借用thousand一词.
“一万”用“十个千”表示(ten thousand),
“十万”用“一百个千”表示(one hundred thousand)。
4.两组与数词有关的介词短语表示人的大约岁数或年代。:
⑴ in+定冠词the+数词的复数形式,表示年代。
如:20世纪90年代:in the 1990s/1990’s ; 19世纪70年代:in the 1870s或1870’s
⑵ in+物主代词+数词的复数形式,表示某人的年龄。如:in one’s thirties。
如:in his thirties在他三十多岁时;He is early twenties. 他才二十出头。
5.表示日期和年份。具体日期的表达要用序数词,年份前用介词in, 具体日期前用介词on。
在6月1日:on June 1st 读作:on June the first.
年、月、日同时表达时,一般应先写月、日、后写年。如:
在2001年5月4日:on May 4 th, 2001。
读法:1988读作nineteen eighty-eight
6.表示时刻:时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。
5:00 five (o’clock); 12:15 twelve fifteen 或fifteen (a quarter) past twelve
6:45 six forty-five a quarter to seven; 8:30读作half past eight/eight thirty
3:05读作five past three/three five; 5:48读作twelve to six/five fort图片yeight
7.表示顺序或编号。单数名词+基数词,名词的第一个字母通常要大写。
第一课:Lesson One ; 第三十二页:Page 32; 第305房间:Room 305;
第12路公共汽车:Bus No.12; 二班Class Two; 三中No.3 Middle School;
【名词提醒】
“单数名词+基数词”可转换成“the+序数词+单数名词”,此时名词的第一个字母不大写。
如:Lesson Three=the third lesson
8.“数词+单数名词”相当于合成形容词作定语
如:a threeyearold girl`
It is an 8-meter-long river.
3.基数词变序数词
(1)序数词多数是由“基数词+th”构成。如:six→sixth,seven→seventh, sixteen→ sixteenth等。
(2)整十的数字变序数词,先将词尾y改为i,再加eth。如:fifty-→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth等。
3.非整十的多位数,将个位数变成序数词即可:twenty-first(第21),thirty-sixth(第36),ninety-ninth(第99),three hundred and sixty-fifth(第365)等。
4.少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。
如:one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,twelve→twelfth
5.first, second, third 通常可缩写为1st, 2nd, 3rd。
以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”:4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th等。
6.序数词前通常要用定冠词,但表示考试或比赛等的名次时,通常可省略其前的定冠词。如:
My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼,他的房间在四楼。
He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。
基数词变序数词记忆口诀
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th。
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。
八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,ty将y变成i,th前面有个e。
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie,要是遇上两位数,十位基数,个位序,th最后加上去。
祈使句的用法
1.定义:祈使句是用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、警告等的句子。
通常以动词原形开头,没有时态和数的变化。
e.g Go and wash your hands.去洗你的手。(命令)
Be quiet, please.请安静。(请求)
Be kind to your sisters. 对妹妹要和善。(劝告)
Look out! Danger! 小心!危险!(警告)
Keep off the grass.勿践踏草坪。(禁止)
注:
①祈使句没有主语,但实际上是省略了主语you;
②祈使句常加please,表委婉语气;
③祈使句译为中文应用感叹调,句未标感叹号。
2. 祈使句的分类:
(1)Be型:Be+名词/形容词+其它成分;
(2)Do型:动词原形+宾语+其他成分;
(3) Let's 或 Let us/me 型:Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分;
(4)No型:No+名词/No+v-ing;
【知识点01】祈使句的用法
1. 常见的祈使句
类型
Be型
Do型
Let's 或 Let us/me 型
No型
肯定结构
be+名词/形容词
①实义动词原形+副词
②实义动词原形+宾语
Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分
①No+名词
②No+v-ing
否定结构
直接在句首加Don't
直接在句首加Don't
直接在句首加Don't或在Let 后加 not
No smoking!禁止吸烟!
例句
Be careful!小心!
Stand up!起立!
Don't let him go there alone./Let him not go there alone.别让他一个人去那里。
注:No+名词/动名词=Don't+动词原形,多用在标语禁令中。
2. 其他形式的祈使句
(1)某些名词、形容词或副词等后加感叹号也可作为祈使句;
e.g:Quickly!快点!
(2)在意思比较明显情况下,可省略谓语动词。
e.g:Attention please. children!= Pay attention please, children!请注意,孩子们!
This way, please! = Go this way, please.请这边走。
(3) Do+动词原形表强调
e.g:Do be careful!一定要小心!
【知识点02】祈使句的回答
1.祈使句的主语一般是第二人称,通常省略;
2.祈使句的动作表示将来发生的动作,因此祈使句的回答一般用will或won't。
3.在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,需要注意以下两点:
① 形式一致:Yes 与will保持一致;No与won't保持一致。
意思相反:Yes是“不”的意思;而No是“是”的意思。
e.g —Don't go out, please!请不要出去!
——Yes, I will go out.不,我要出去。
———Don't forget to do your homework.别忘了写作业。
——No. I won't forget.好的,我不会忘的。
【知识点03】祈使句的反义疑问句
注:祈使句的反义疑问句大多是可以互换的,应考虑语境、对话双方的关系以及想要传达的具体语气和含义,从而选择更加合适的反义疑问句形式。
1.否定祈使句的反义疑问句,只能使用肯定形式“will you?”
e.g:Don't be late , will you ?不要迟到,好吗?
2.以Let's、Let us和Let me 开头,表示建议或请求的祈使句:
(1)Let's 表建议,此时被建议的人包含在范围之内,其反义疑问句用“shall we?”
e.g:Let's do our homework, shall we?让我们来写作业吧,好吗?
(2) Let us 表请求,此时被请求的人不包含在范围之内,其反义疑问句用“will you?”
e.g:
Let us help you clean the room, will you?让我们帮你打扫房间,好吗?
(3)Let me的反义疑问句用“will you?”或“may I?”
e.g:Let me be alone and quiet, may I ?让我一个人静一静,好吗?
Let me give it a try, will you?让我尝试一次,好吗?
【语法精炼】
21.Our summer holiday is coming. Two ________ students in our school will go to the beach.
A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred of
22.Every spring, people often plant ________ trees to make our city more beautiful.
A.five thousands of B.five thousands
C.thousand of D.thousands of
23.—Would you like to have ________ piece of cake?
—No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
A.the other B.the others C.another D.other
24.______ people from different parts of the town came to see this special tree, which was about ______.
A.Three dozens of, 20-meter tall B.Three dozen, 20 meters tall
C.Three dozen of, 20 meters tall D.Dozens of, 20-meter-tall
25.“Fifty-five million five hundred and sixty-seven thousand and eighty-five” is ________ .
A.55567085 B.55056785 C.55506785 D.55560785
26.There are ________ paintings on exhibition (展览). ________works were created by young artists.
A.two hundred; Two hundreds B.two hundreds; Hundreds of
C.hundreds of; Two hundred D.two hundred of; Hundreds of
27.There are _________ days in a week and Thursday is _________ day of a week.
A.seventh; five B.seven; fifth C.the seventh; five D.seven; the fifth
28.—“Food Safety” has become the hottest topic recently.
—Yeah. It receives ________ Internet hits (点击) a day.
A.thousand of B.thousands C.thousands of
29.There are ________ teachers in our school, and ________ of them are women teachers.
A.two hundreds; three fourth B.two hundred; three fourths
C.two hundred; three forths D.two hundred of; three fourths
30.—You mean I can find the answer to the question in Lesson _________?
—Yes, the _________ lesson.
A.Three; third B.Three; three C.Third; third D.Third: three
31.—Mount Huangshan and Mount Jiuhuashan are well-known to ____________ people.
—Yes. As people in Anhui, we take pride in both of them.
A.million of B.millions C.millions of D.a million of
32.Tom, it is the ________ time in ________ days that you’ve been late for school.
A.two; three B.second; three C.two; third D.second; third
33.There are ________ books on the desk and the ________ book is about the history of Vairo.
A.five; five B.fifth; fifth C.five; fifth D.fifth; five
34.The number 100, 308 should be read as “________”.
A.a hundred and three hundred, eight
B.a hundred and three hundred and eight
C.a hundred thousand three hundred and eight
D.a hundred thousand and three hundred and eight
35.________ visitors come to visit Humble Administrator’s Garden every year.
A.Million B.Million of C.Millions D.Millions of
36.It is raining outside. Please ________ the raincoat with you.
A.take B.to take C.bring D.to bring
37.________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
A.Not read B.Don’t read C.Doesn’t read
38.________ quiet, please. You are in the library.
A.Keep B.To keep C.Keeps
39.________ late for class again, Lily.
A.Be B.Can’t C.Don’t be D.Don’t
40.—David, spend less time on computer games, ______ you will do worse in your studies.
—All right.
A.or B.and C.but D.so
41.Jenny, ________ out the form please. You are allowed to join the sports club.
A.fills B.fill C.will fill D.filled
42.In order to save electricity, ________ the fan when you leave the room.
A.put on B.turn on C.turn off D.take off
43.Read every day, and you ________ a big difference.
A.makes B.made C.have made D.will make
44.Polly, ________ cross the road when the red light is on.
A.don’t B.doesn’t C.mustn’t D.no
45.“________ talking!” means “________ talk!”
A.No; No B.Don’t; No C.No; Don’t D.Not; Not
46.—________! The traffic is moving fast. —Thanks, I will.
A.Stop B.Look out C.Watch D.Don’t move
47.—Don’t be late for school next time, Sam.
—OK, I ________.
A.don’t B.do C.won’t D.will
48.________ trying and do your best.
A.Keep B.Keeping C.Keeps D.To keep
49.________! Or you will be late for the meeting.
A.Hurry off B.Hurry up C.Take your time D.Don’t hurry
50.Get up early, ________ you ________ late for school.
A.and; will be B.or; will be C.or; are
Unit9 From Here to There
1. 表示动向和位置的介词
at, in,
at表示“在某地(较狭窄的场所)”;
in表示“在某地(较宽敞的场所)”。
at home在家
at a factory在一家工厂
in Beijing在北京
in the world在世界上
on, above, over和below, under, beneath
on表示“在……上面(有接触面)”;above表示“在……上方”;over表示“在……正上方”;under表示“在……正下方”;below表示“在……下方”。
on the wall在墙上
above the clouds在云端
over the sea在海上
under the chair在椅子下
below the surface of the water在水面下
by, near
by表示“在……旁边”;
near表示“在……附近”。
by me在我旁边
near the house在房子附近
between, among, around
between表示“在两者之间”;
among表示“在三者(以上)之中”;
around表示“环绕(四周)”。
between A and B在A和B之间
among the trees在树林中
around the table围在桌边
in front of, opposite, behind
in front of表示“在……前面/正面”;
behind表示“在……后面”;
opposite表示“在……对面”。
in front of the classroom在教室前面
behind my house在我家房子后面
opposite me在我对面
in, into, out of , up
in表示“在……之内”,
into表示“进入”;
out of表示“从……到外面”;
up表示“向上移动”。
be in the classroom在教室里
ran into the classroom跑进教室
rush out of the room冲出房间
climb up the tree爬上树
along, across, past, through
along表示“沿着”;
across表示“横穿(平面)”;
past表示“经过”;
through表示“通过(内部空间)”其含义与in有关,。
along the river/railway沿着河边/铁路
across the river横渡过河
past the city hall经过市政厅
through the city/forest穿过城市/森林
to, for, from
to表示“到达……目的地或目标”;
for表示“向……(目的地)”;
from表示“从……(地点)起”。
get to the airport到达机场
leave for动身去
from Beijing to Shanghai从北京到上海
二)一般过去时(一) (The simple past tense<I>)
(1)概念:表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
(2)用法:
①表示过去某个时间点或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和频率副词连用。
(3) 基本形式:
①谓语动词是be动词的一般过去时
②谓语动词是实义动词(行为动词)的一般过去时
谓语动词:是实义动词的一般过去时
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语+动词过去式+其他.
He played the guitar yesterday.他昨天弹了吉他。
否定句
主语+did+not+动词原形+其他.
He didn't play the guitar yesterday.他昨天没弹吉他。
一般疑问句
Did +主语+动词原形+其他?
回答:肯定:Yes,主语+did.
否定:No,主语+did not/didn't.
—Did he play the guitar yesterday?他昨天弹吉他了吗?
—Yes, he did.是的,他弹了。
—No, he did not/didn't.不,他没弹。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?
Where did he play the guitar yesterday?他昨天在哪里弹了吉他?
一般过去时时间标志词:
1.yesterday(昨天)或与其构成的短语:yesterday morning/afternoon等。
2.last+时间名词(上一个……)构成的短语:last night, last year等。
3.时间段+ago(……以前)构成的短语:a moment ago, an hour ago等。
4.in+过去时间(在……)构成的短语:in 1999, in the old days 等。
5.其他:just now(刚才), at that time(那时)等。
【语法精炼】
51.Miss Zhou lives on the top floor, and I live two floors ________ her.
A.on B.over C.under D.below
52.We all like to have a beautiful school ________ many tall trees ________ it.
A.has; around B.with; around C.has; with D.with; above
53.The app shows that Bus No.3 is about 5 km ________ of the bus stop. There is no ________ in worrying.
A.east; point B.the east; point C.east; need D.the east; need
54.He sits ________ to her.
A.beside B.next C.behind D.in front
55.The flowers are ________ the vase ________ the table.
A.in; on B.on; in C.in; in D.in; under
56.Shenzhen lies ________ the south of China but ________ the south of Guangzhou.
A.in; to B.on; to C.to; on D.on; in
57.I live ________ a house _______ a tall building.
A.on, in B.in, in C.with, in D.in, with
58.Shanghai is _______ the east of China; Japan is _______ the east of China.
A.in, to B.to, in C.in, on D.on, to
59.Which floor is your flat ________ the tall building?
A.in on B.on C.on in D.in
60.Which floor is your classroom ________ the classroom building?
A.in on B.on C.on in D.in
61.Suddenly the door opened. Danny rushed into the library ________ a basketball _____ his hand.
A.and; on B.and; in C.with; in D.with; and
62.Our school is ______ the park. That’s why the air here is always fresh.
A.next to B.between C.among D.through
63.Shanghai, a modern city, lies ________ the east of China and ________ the east of Jiangsu.
A.in; in B.on; to C.in; to D.in; on
64.It is cloudy today and I can’t see anything ________ from the plane.
A.down B.under C.below D.between
65.Pudong New District is ________ of Shanghai.
A.in the east B.to the west C.on the east D.at the east
66.My uncle lives in a small town ________ the east of the country. It’s famous for its beautiful scenery.
A.in B.on C.to D.at
67.There is a supermarket __________ my home. It’s very convenient.
A.near B.far from C.next
68.It can be really cold in Harbin in winter with the temperature(温度)________ 0℃ all the time.
A.at B.by C.below D.above
69.—Where is the hospital?
—It’s ______ the park.
A.next B.next to C.between D.in
70.The bank is ________ the post office.
A.between B.near C.from
71.Sally and her friends ________ the game, but they played their best and learned a lot from it.
A.watched B.won C.didn’t watch D.didn’t win
72.Her son___________ Coke, but now he___________ milk.
A.used to drink; is used to drinking
B.used to drinking; drinks
C.is used to drinking; used to drink
73.—The teacher ________ Julie just now.
—Yes. Julie’s answer was right and she could get a gift.
A.is praising B.praises C.will praise D.praised
74.—Wow, our house is so clean and tidy now. Who cleaned it?
—I ________.
A.do B.did C.am D.was
75.—What did Jim do?
—He put on his coat and ________ out of his room.
A.go B.went C.to go D.is going
76.Yesterday we ______ bikes around the lake. It was the best way to ______ the fresh air.
A.ride; smell B.rode; smelling C.rode; smell D.riding; smelled
77.The old bridge ______ the heavy trucks last week. Workers will repair it soon.
A.holds up B.didn’t hold up C.holds on D.hold up
78.—What ________ your brother ________ last weekend?
—He took part in a running race.
A.did; do B.does; do C.is; doing D.will; do
79.The students ________ a welcome party for the new family in their community.
A.held B.holded C.holds D.holding
80.—When ________ you ________ Beijing?
—In 1998.
A.do; move to B.did; move to C.did; moved to
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考点清单03 易混易错语法归纳
Unit7 Being a Smart Shopper
考点1.量词
(一)语法考点
1.概念:表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词叫做量词。
2.特点:可以帮助可数名词和不可数名词表示数量。
【考点01】可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词
不可数名词
分单、复数两种形式
desk →desks
bus → buses
没有复数形式
tea
meat
前面可用基数词、不定冠
词修饰
three boys an orange
不可以被基数词和不定冠词直接修饰,若表示数量可用“单位词+不可数名词”
a piece of paper
two cups of tea
可数名词的复数前可用many,some, any修饰
many teachers
some friends
可用much, some, any修饰
some milk
much bread
【考点02】可数名词和不可数名词数的变化
1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
规则变化
示 例
1 大多数名词在词尾加-s
letter→ letters, cat→ cats, boy→ boys, desk→ desks
② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es
class→ classes, box→ boxes, watch→ watches, brush→ brushes
③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es
hobby→ hobbies, city→ cities, country→ countries
④ 以o结尾的名词,大多数加-s,少数加-es
加-s: radio→ radios, zoo→ zoos, photo→ photos, piano→ pianos
加-es: hero→ heroes, tomato→ tomatoes, potato→ potatoes
⑤ 部分以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加-es
knife→ knives, half→ halves
用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为v加-es的单词:
树叶 半 数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,
架后窜出一只狼,就像盗贼逃命忙。
leaf树叶 half一半 self 自己 wife妻子 knife 小刀
Shelf 架子 wolf 狼 thief 贼 life 生命
注意:可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用,有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。
2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化
不规则变化
示 例
① 变化元音字母构成复数
foot→ feet, goose→ geese, tooth→ teeth, man→ men,
woman→ women
② 单复数形式相同
sheep, deer, fish (注意:fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形;指鱼的种类时复数是fishes)
③ 特殊变化
child→ children, mouse→ mice, ox→ oxen
3. 其他情况:
① “某国人”变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面。如:
中日不变:Chinese, Japanese
英法变:Englishman→ Englishmen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen
其余-s加后面:Germans, Americans, Australians, Indians
② 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数,一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如:
a girl student→ two girl students, a story book→ ten story books
复合词中第一个词是man或woman时,两个名词都变为复数形式。如:
a man worker→ three men workers, a woman doctor→ six women doctors
③ 只表示复数意义的名词:trousers, clothes, police, people, cattle (牛;家畜)
④ 集体名词family, team, class, couple, group等视为整体时,表示单数意义;指这些集体的成员时,则表示复数意义。如:
My family is a large one.我家是个大家庭。
【考点 03】可数名词和不可数名词的分类
(1)确切数量:
①数词+量词+of+可数名词复数 如:a box of apples 一箱苹果 there baskets of eggs 三篮子鸡蛋
②数词+量词+of+不可数名词 如: a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two kilos of rice 两千克大米
(2)不确切数量:
①只修饰可数名词复数
单词/短语
意思
单词/短语
意思
many
很多
many carrots
很多胡萝卜
too many
太多
too many things
太多事情
few
很少;几乎没有
few trees
没有几棵树
a few
少量;一些
a few bags of salt
几袋盐
a number of
许多;大量
a number of students
许多学生
these
这些
these books
这些书
those
那些
those children
那些儿童
a couple of
一对;几个
a couple of birds
几只小鸟
2只修饰不可数名词
单词/短语
意思
单词/短语
意思
much
很多
much water
很多水
too much
太多
too much salt
太多盐
little
很少;几乎没有
little meat
几乎没有肉
a little
少量;一些
a little chicken
一点鸡肉
a bit of
一点
a bit of food
一点食物
③既可以修饰可数名词复数也可以修饰不可数名词
单词/短语
意思
单词/短语
意思
some, any
一些
some coffee
一些咖啡
a lot of/lots of
plenty of
许多;大量
许多;大量
a lot of /lots of carrots
plenty of bees
许多胡萝卜
许多蜜蜂
most
大部分
most people
大部分人
3.扩展
(1)可数名词单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;
(2)多个并列可数名词单数或可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词须用单数形式。
如:five-year-old 5岁大的;
a five-yuan money 一张5元的钱
a six-foot-deep hole一个6英尺深的洞
(4)some 在否定句或一般疑问句中应变成any,但在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的问句中,不用变。
如:(肯定句) Xiao Lin has some bread for breakfast.小林早餐吃的面包。
(否定句)Xiao Lin doesn't have any bread for breakfast.小林早餐没吃面包。
(表示请求、邀请) Would you like some coffee?你想喝咖啡吗?
(希望得到肯定的回答)Do you have some stamps?你有邮票吗?
考点2.How many/How much 的用法
【知识点01】how many的用法
l.how many 意为“多少”,后接可数名词的复数形式,对可数名词的数量进行提问。
如:——How many apples do you have? 你有多少个苹果?
——Five. 5个
——How many students are there in your class? 你班有多少个学生?
—— Forty. 40个
2.how many 在there be句型中的用法
eg: There are some/five students in the classroom.(对划线部分进行提问)
即:How many+可数名词复数+are there+地点/时间状语?的句型结构
How many students are there in the classroom
eg: 1.There is a book on the desk.(改为用 how many 提问的特殊疑问句)
How many books are there on the desk?
2. There are seven days in a week.(对划线部分进行提问)
How many days are there in a week?
口诀:how many在句首,名词复数跟着走、一般问句紧相随,其它成分不要丢
3.用how many引导的特殊疑问句,不管主语是单数还是复数,其后可数名词一般都用复数形式,
因为问话人不知道具体数量是多少,而且many只能接可数名词复数形式。
如: There is an apple in the basket.( 用 how many 改为特殊疑问句)
How many apples are there in the basket?
【知识点02】how much的用法
(1)用来询问事物的数量,后接不可数名词。
例如:How much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯里有多少牛奶?
(2)用来询问事物的重量。
例如:——How much does the pig weigh?这头猪多重?
——Eighty kilos.八十公斤。
(3)how much 意为“多少钱”时,用来询问某物的价钱、价格。可以与“What's the price of...?”互换
例如:How much is the eraser?这块橡皮擦多少钱?
=What's the price of the eraser?
How much are these apples?这些苹果多少钱?
=What's the price of these apples?
(4)用来询问数字计算的结果,相当于what。
例如:——How much is three plus one?三加一等于多少?
——It's four.等于四。
注意:how much 后接be 动词时,be 是单数还是复数,取决于be后面的名词!
如:——How much are the bananas?这些香蕉多少钱?
——How much is this coat?这件大衣多少钱?
【知识点03】how much 和how many区别
1.所修饰词不同
(1)how much用来修饰不可数名词,表示数量,也可单独使用。
它的句式是:How much+不可数名词+一般疑问句?
如:How much milk is there in the glass? 玻璃杯里有多少牛奶?
(2)how many用来修饰可数名词的复数,表示数量
它的句式是:How many+可数名词的复数+一般疑问句?
如:How many apples do you have?你有多少苹果?
2.用法不同:
(1)How much 表示多少,用来询问价格,重量等。
如:How much is this dress? 这件连衣裙多少钱?
How much does the boy weigh? 这个男孩有多重?
(2)How many 表示多少,用来询问可数名词的数量
如:How many sheep do you have?你有多少只羊?
【语法精炼】
1.—______ milk do we need for the cake?
—Two cups.
A.How many B.How much C.How long D.How often
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我们需要多少牛奶来做蛋糕?——两杯。
考查特殊疑问句。how many多少,修饰可数名词复数;how much多少,修饰不可数名词;how long多长,询问长度或时间;how often多频繁,询问频率。milk是不可数名词,因此应用how much来提问数量。故选B。milk是不可数名词,询问不可数名词的量用how much,故选B。
2.—______ is this pair of shoes?
—It’s 50 yuan.
A.How many B.How much C.What size D.What color
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这双鞋多少钱?——50元。
考查特殊疑问句。How many多少,对可数名词的数量提问;How much多少钱,对价格提问,也可对不可数名词的数量提问;What size什么尺寸,对尺码提问;What color什么颜色,对颜色提问。根据答语“It’s 50 yuan.”可知,此处是对这双鞋的价格进行提问。故选B。
3.—________ does an iPhone 14 cost?
—More than 6,000 yuan. I don’t think it is a good idea to spend so much on a phone.
A.How many B.How long C.How much
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——iPhone 14卖多少钱?——6000多元。我认为花这么多钱买一部手机不是个好主意。
考查特殊疑问词。How many多少,对可数名词复数提问;How long多久,多长;How much多少,对不可数名词提问和询问价格。根据“More than 6,000 yuan.”可知,此处是询问价格。故选C。
4.How many ________ do you have?
A.dog B.dogs C.a dog
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你有多少只狗?
考查代词many的用法。根据“How many …do you have?”可知,代词many“很多”后接可数名词复数形式。故选B。
5.—How many books are there on the shelf?
—About ________.
A.four hundred B.four hundreds C.four hundred of D.four hundreds of
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——书架上有几本书?——大约有400本书。
考查数字的表达法。具体的数字与“hundred”连用时,“hundred”不加“s”,且不与“of” 连用,其结构为:具体数字+ hundred。故选A。
6.— How many people are there in the hall?
— About ________.
A.three hundred B.three hundreds C.three-hundred
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——大厅里有多少人?——大约有三百人。
考查数词hundred的用法。three hundred三百,hundred前有具体数字时,用单数形式;three hundreds,表达错误,当hundred前有具体数字时,hundred不能加“s”;three-hundred,这种表达一般用作复合形容词。英语中表示具体几百时,hundred要用单数形式,three hundred“三百”,符合语境和语法规则。故选A。
7.—How many birds can you see in the trees?
—I can see_________ birds in them.
A.hundreds of B.hundred of in the mountains
C.five hundreds of D.five hundreds
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你在树上能看见多少只鸟?——我能看到几百只鸟。
考查数词。hundred“百”,前有基数词时,用原形;前无基数词时,用hundreds of表示“数以百计的”。四个选项中只有A项表达正确。故选A。
8.—How many ________ do you need to take to the man?
—Let’s take two first.
A.bag of rice B.bags of rice C.bags of rices D.bag of rices
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你需要带多少袋大米给那个人?——我们先拿两袋吧。
考查不可数名词数的表达。rice“米”,不可数名词;bag是可数名词,how many后加名词复数bags。故选B。
9.How many ________ did you eat yesterday?
A.fish B.vegetables C.fruit D.yogurt
【答案】B
【详解】句意:昨天你吃了多少蔬菜?
考查名词辨析。fish鱼肉,不可数名词;vegetables蔬菜,名词复数形式;fruit水果;yogurt酸奶,不可数名词。How many后跟名词复数形式。故选B。
10.—How many ________ do you need?
—Two, I think.
A.bag of rice B.bags of rice C.bags of rices D.bag of rices
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你需要多少袋大米?——两袋,我觉得。
考查不可数名词及其数的表达。rice大米,不可数名词,没有复数形式。不可数名词需要计数时,要用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构来表示,“many”后接可数名词的复数,“bag”的复数是“bags”。故选B。
11.—How many ________ are there on the table?
—Eighteen.
A.milk B.milks C.bottle of milk D.bottles of milk
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——桌子上有多少瓶牛奶?——十八瓶。
考查不可数名词的数的表达。milk是不可数名词,不能变复数,排除B;how many后修饰可数名词复数bottles,排除AC。故选D。
12.—How many friends will come to your ________ birthday?
—About ________.
A.fifteen; fifteenth B.fifteen; fifteen C.fifteenth; fifteen
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——多少朋友会来你的十五岁生日?——大约十五位。
考查数词。fifteen十五,基数词;fifteenth第十五,序数词。根据“your ... birthday”可知,指十五岁生日,即第十五个生日,用序数词表示顺序;根据“How many friends”可知,回答应用基数词“十五”,表示数量。故选C。
13.—How many people are there in A Dream of Red Mansionx(《红楼梦》)?
—________ them ________ over four hundred.
A.The number of; is B.The number of; are C.A number of; is D.A number of; are
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——《红楼梦》中有多少人物?——他们的数量超过四百个。
考查a number of/the number of作主语及主谓一致。“the number of+名词复数”表示“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;“a number of+名词复数”表示“许多……”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。根据“over four hundred”可知是指人物的数量,应用“the number of”,谓语动词用“is”。故选A。
14.— How many cows do you see?
— ________
A.They are black. B.That’s my home. C.I see seven. D.It’s a small lake.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你看到多少头奶牛?——我看到七头。
考查特殊疑问句答句。They are black它们是黑色的;That’s my home那是我的家;I see seven我看到七头;It’s a small lake它是一条小湖。根据“How many...”可知,是对数量提问。故选C。
15.—How much is the pair of shoes?
—________ 180 yuan.
A.It’s B.They’re C.Its D.Their
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——这双鞋子多少钱?——180元。
考查主谓一致。It’s它是;They’re它们是;Its它的;Their它们的。根据“How much is the pair of shoes?”可知,句中“the pair of shoes”的中心词“pair”为单数,所以回答价格时用It’s...。故选A。
16.—How much butter do we need?
—We need ________.
A.two spoon of butter B.two spoon of butters C.two spoons of butter
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我们需要多少黄油?——我们需要两勺黄油。
考查不可数名词数的表达。butter“黄油”,为不可数名词,spoon“勺”,为可数名词,结合选项可知,其数量表达为“two spoons of butter”。故选C。
17.—How much ________ do you need to make the salad?
—Only two teaspoons.
A.strawberry B.yogurt C.pears D.bananas
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——做这个沙拉你需要多少酸奶?——只需要两茶匙。
考查名词辨析。strawberry草莓,可数名词;yogurt酸奶,不可数名词;pears梨,可数名词;bananas香蕉,可数名词。由“How much”可知,此空用不可数名词。故选B。
18.—How much ________ the pair of trousers?
—88 yuan.
A.are B.is C.am D.be
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这条裤子多少钱?——88元。
考查be动词的用法。are是,复数形式;is是,单数形式;am是,第一人称单数作主语时用;be是,动词原形。根据分析句子“How much…the pair of trousers?”可知,主语是the pair of trousers,中心词是pair,所以此处be动词应该用is。故选B。
19.How much are ________, Miss?
A.two bars of chocolates B.two bars of chocolate
C.two bar of chocolates D.two bar of chocolate
【答案】B
【详解】句意:小姐,两块巧克力多少钱?
考查不可数名词。“chocolate”在此处是不可数名词,两块巧克力的正确表达是“two bars of chocolate”。故选B。
20.—How much ________ this pair of socks?
—________ 3 dollars a pair.
A.is; It’s B.is; They’re C.are; It has D.are; They’re
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——这双袜子多少钱?——一双3美元。
考查主谓一致及特殊疑问句。分析句子结构可知,主语为“this pair of socks”,所以谓语用is;回答用“It’s/It is…”。故选A。
Unit 8 Our Blue Planet
考点 1.基数词
1.基数词的构成
(1)0—12单独记。如: zero, one, two, three等。
(2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如:fourteen, seventeen等,但13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen需要特殊记。
(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。
20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty等。
(4)"几十几"要加连字符号"-"。
48—forty-eight, 97—ninety-seven等。
(5)"几百几十"或者"几百几十几"在"百"后加and。
156—one hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine。
(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作thousand(千),第二个逗号读作million(百万),第三个逗号读作billion(十亿),hundred后莫忘"and"。
3,610=three thousand six hundred and ten;
94,295=ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five;
2.基数词的用法
1.基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词,在句中可作定语、主语、宾语(介宾)、表语、同位语等。
例1.Three and five is eight. 3+5=8 (作表语)
例2.How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子?
I want eight. 我要八个。 (作宾语)
例3.There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八条小船。(作定语)
2. 用作基数词单位的 hundred, thousand, million, billion 通常不带复数词尾-s,但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指,则用复数。
About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。
Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。
3.英语中没有“万”这个读数单位,要表示汉语中的“万”,英语需借用thousand一词.
“一万”用“十个千”表示(ten thousand),
“十万”用“一百个千”表示(one hundred thousand)。
4.两组与数词有关的介词短语表示人的大约岁数或年代。:
⑴ in+定冠词the+数词的复数形式,表示年代。
如:20世纪90年代:in the 1990s/1990’s ; 19世纪70年代:in the 1870s或1870’s
⑵ in+物主代词+数词的复数形式,表示某人的年龄。如:in one’s thirties。
如:in his thirties在他三十多岁时;He is early twenties. 他才二十出头。
5.表示日期和年份。具体日期的表达要用序数词,年份前用介词in, 具体日期前用介词on。
在6月1日:on June 1st 读作:on June the first.
年、月、日同时表达时,一般应先写月、日、后写年。如:
在2001年5月4日:on May 4 th, 2001。
读法:1988读作nineteen eighty-eight
6.表示时刻:时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。
5:00 five (o’clock); 12:15 twelve fifteen 或fifteen (a quarter) past twelve
6:45 six forty-five a quarter to seven; 8:30读作half past eight/eight thirty
3:05读作five past three/three five; 5:48读作twelve to six/five fort图片yeight
7.表示顺序或编号。单数名词+基数词,名词的第一个字母通常要大写。
第一课:Lesson One ; 第三十二页:Page 32; 第305房间:Room 305;
第12路公共汽车:Bus No.12; 二班Class Two; 三中No.3 Middle School;
【名词提醒】
“单数名词+基数词”可转换成“the+序数词+单数名词”,此时名词的第一个字母不大写。
如:Lesson Three=the third lesson
8.“数词+单数名词”相当于合成形容词作定语
如:a threeyearold girl`
It is an 8-meter-long river.
3.基数词变序数词
(1)序数词多数是由“基数词+th”构成。如:six→sixth,seven→seventh, sixteen→ sixteenth等。
(2)整十的数字变序数词,先将词尾y改为i,再加eth。如:fifty-→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth等。
3.非整十的多位数,将个位数变成序数词即可:twenty-first(第21),thirty-sixth(第36),ninety-ninth(第99),three hundred and sixty-fifth(第365)等。
4.少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。
如:one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,twelve→twelfth
5.first, second, third 通常可缩写为1st, 2nd, 3rd。
以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”:4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th等。
6.序数词前通常要用定冠词,但表示考试或比赛等的名次时,通常可省略其前的定冠词。如:
My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼,他的房间在四楼。
He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。
基数词变序数词记忆口诀
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th。
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。
八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,ty将y变成i,th前面有个e。
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie,要是遇上两位数,十位基数,个位序,th最后加上去。
祈使句的用法
1.定义:祈使句是用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、警告等的句子。
通常以动词原形开头,没有时态和数的变化。
e.g Go and wash your hands.去洗你的手。(命令)
Be quiet, please.请安静。(请求)
Be kind to your sisters. 对妹妹要和善。(劝告)
Look out! Danger! 小心!危险!(警告)
Keep off the grass.勿践踏草坪。(禁止)
注:
①祈使句没有主语,但实际上是省略了主语you;
②祈使句常加please,表委婉语气;
③祈使句译为中文应用感叹调,句未标感叹号。
2. 祈使句的分类:
(1)Be型:Be+名词/形容词+其它成分;
(2)Do型:动词原形+宾语+其他成分;
(3) Let's 或 Let us/me 型:Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分;
(4)No型:No+名词/No+v-ing;
【知识点01】祈使句的用法
1. 常见的祈使句
类型
Be型
Do型
Let's 或 Let us/me 型
No型
肯定结构
be+名词/形容词
①实义动词原形+副词
②实义动词原形+宾语
Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分
①No+名词
②No+v-ing
否定结构
直接在句首加Don't
直接在句首加Don't
直接在句首加Don't或在Let 后加 not
No smoking!禁止吸烟!
例句
Be careful!小心!
Stand up!起立!
Don't let him go there alone./Let him not go there alone.别让他一个人去那里。
注:No+名词/动名词=Don't+动词原形,多用在标语禁令中。
2. 其他形式的祈使句
(1)某些名词、形容词或副词等后加感叹号也可作为祈使句;
e.g:Quickly!快点!
(2)在意思比较明显情况下,可省略谓语动词。
e.g:Attention please. children!= Pay attention please, children!请注意,孩子们!
This way, please! = Go this way, please.请这边走。
(3) Do+动词原形表强调
e.g:Do be careful!一定要小心!
【知识点02】祈使句的回答
1.祈使句的主语一般是第二人称,通常省略;
2.祈使句的动作表示将来发生的动作,因此祈使句的回答一般用will或won't。
3.在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,需要注意以下两点:
① 形式一致:Yes 与will保持一致;No与won't保持一致。
意思相反:Yes是“不”的意思;而No是“是”的意思。
e.g —Don't go out, please!请不要出去!
——Yes, I will go out.不,我要出去。
———Don't forget to do your homework.别忘了写作业。
——No. I won't forget.好的,我不会忘的。
【知识点03】祈使句的反义疑问句
注:祈使句的反义疑问句大多是可以互换的,应考虑语境、对话双方的关系以及想要传达的具体语气和含义,从而选择更加合适的反义疑问句形式。
1.否定祈使句的反义疑问句,只能使用肯定形式“will you?”
e.g:Don't be late , will you ?不要迟到,好吗?
2.以Let's、Let us和Let me 开头,表示建议或请求的祈使句:
(1)Let's 表建议,此时被建议的人包含在范围之内,其反义疑问句用“shall we?”
e.g:Let's do our homework, shall we?让我们来写作业吧,好吗?
(2) Let us 表请求,此时被请求的人不包含在范围之内,其反义疑问句用“will you?”
e.g:
Let us help you clean the room, will you?让我们帮你打扫房间,好吗?
(3)Let me的反义疑问句用“will you?”或“may I?”
e.g:Let me be alone and quiet, may I ?让我一个人静一静,好吗?
Let me give it a try, will you?让我尝试一次,好吗?
【语法精炼】
21.Our summer holiday is coming. Two ________ students in our school will go to the beach.
A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred of
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们的暑假就要到了,学校的200名学生将去海滩。
考查基数词。hundred/thousand等词与具体数字连用时,通常不加复数词尾-s,也不后接介词of;当这些词不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且要后接介词of。根据“Two …students in our school will go to the beach.”可知,此处与具体数字连用,应用其单数且不加介词of。故选A。
22.Every spring, people often plant ________ trees to make our city more beautiful.
A.five thousands of B.five thousands
C.thousand of D.thousands of
【答案】D
【详解】句意:每年春天,人们经常种植成千上万棵树来使我们的城市更加美丽。
考查数词的用法。thousand“千”,thousand前跟数量词时使用单数形式,故排除A、B;根据“people often plant…trees to make our city more beautiful.”可知,此处指的是成千上万的树,应用thousands of“成千上万”,后跟名词。故选D。
23.—Would you like to have ________ piece of cake?
—No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
A.the other B.the others C.another D.other
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你想再吃一块蛋糕吗?——不,谢谢。我吃得够多了。
考查代词用法。the other(两者中的)另一个;the others其他;another再一个;other其他的,后跟名词复数。根据空后“piece of cake”和选项可知,此处指再吃一块蛋糕,是不定数目中的再一个,用another。故选C。
24.______ people from different parts of the town came to see this special tree, which was about ______.
A.Three dozens of, 20-meter tall B.Three dozen, 20 meters tall
C.Three dozen of, 20 meters tall D.Dozens of, 20-meter-tall
【答案】B
【详解】句意:来自镇上不同地方的36个人来看这棵特殊的树,它大约有20米高。
考查数词用法。dozen前有具体数字时,不需要s;“基数词+量词s+tall”表示“……高”,故选B。
25.“Fifty-five million five hundred and sixty-seven thousand and eighty-five” is ________ .
A.55567085 B.55056785 C.55506785 D.55560785
【答案】A
【详解】句意:“五千五百六十七万八十五”是55,567,085。
考查基数词。从右至左数,每三位数加一个逗号 (即以此把数目分为若干段),第一个逗号前的数为thousand (千),第二个逗号前的数为million (百万)。所以“Fifty-five million five hundred and sixty-seven thousand and eighty-five”可以写成55,567,085。故选A。
26.There are ________ paintings on exhibition (展览). ________works were created by young artists.
A.two hundred; Two hundreds B.two hundreds; Hundreds of
C.hundreds of; Two hundred D.two hundred of; Hundreds of
【答案】C
【详解】句意:有几百张画在展览。其中有两百幅作品是由年轻艺术家创作的。
考查数词用法。hundred前有具体数字时,用“基数词+hundred”,hundred用单数形式,如two hundred (两百);hundred前无具体数字时,用“hundreds of”,表示“成百上千的”,是概数。结合语境,第一空表示概数“成百上千的”,用hundreds of;第二空表示具体数字“两百”,用two hundred。故选C。
27.There are _________ days in a week and Thursday is _________ day of a week.
A.seventh; five B.seven; fifth C.the seventh; five D.seven; the fifth
【答案】D
【详解】句意:一周有七天,星期四是一周的第五天。
考查数词的用法。根据“There are…days in a week and Thursday is…day of a week.”的语境可知,第一空用基数词seven表示具体数量;第二空用序数词fifth表示顺序,且序数词前要加定冠词the。故选D。
28.—“Food Safety” has become the hottest topic recently.
—Yeah. It receives ________ Internet hits (点击) a day.
A.thousand of B.thousands C.thousands of
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——“食品安全” 最近已经成为了最热门的话题。——是的。它每天收到成千上万的点击量。
考查数词的用法。当thousand前面有具体数字时,thousand用单数形式,且后面不加of,当thousand前面没有具体数字,表示 “数以千计的,成千上万的” 意思时,thousand用复数形式,且后面要加of,即thousands of。A、B项表述错误,故选C。
29.There are ________ teachers in our school, and ________ of them are women teachers.
A.two hundreds; three fourth B.two hundred; three fourths
C.two hundred; three forths D.two hundred of; three fourths
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我们学校有200名教师,其中四分之三是女教师。
考查数词和分数的表达。根据“two hundred”可知,表示具体数量时,hundred不加s,排除A;根据“three fourths”可知,分数表达中,分子大于1时,分母用复数形式,排除C;选项D中的“two hundred of”表达错误,不符合语法规则。故选B。
30.—You mean I can find the answer to the question in Lesson _________?
—Yes, the _________ lesson.
A.Three; third B.Three; three C.Third; third D.Third: three
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你的意思是我能在第三课中找到这个问题的答案?——是的,第三节课。
考查数词。Three三,基数词;Third第三,序数词。课程标号表达法采用“the+序数词+n.”或者“n.+基数词” ,结合选项可知,A项符合。故选A。
31.—Mount Huangshan and Mount Jiuhuashan are well-known to ____________ people.
—Yes. As people in Anhui, we take pride in both of them.
A.million of B.millions C.millions of D.a million of
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——黄山和九华山被数百万人所熟知。 ——是的。作为安徽人,我们为它们感到骄傲。
考查大数的表达。million百万,million前有基数词修饰时,其后不加s,且通常不与of连用,“基数词+million”表示具体的“几百万”;million前无基数词修饰时,其后需加s与之构成“millions of”表示“数百万的”,表泛指。分析题干,空格前无具体基数词,应用“millions of”表泛指,“millions of people”表示“几百万人,数百万人”。故选C。
32.Tom, it is the ________ time in ________ days that you’ve been late for school.
A.two; three B.second; three C.two; third D.second; third
【答案】B
【详解】句意:汤姆,这是你三天来第二次上学迟到了。
考查数词的表达。two二,基数词;three三,基数词;second第二,序数词;third第三,序数词。结合“the…time”及语境可知,此处time表示“次数”,为可数名词单数,应用序数词second“第二”与之搭配;再结合“in…days”及语境可知,此处days表示“天”,为可数名词复数,应用基数词three“三”与之搭配,表示“三天”。故选B。
33.There are ________ books on the desk and the ________ book is about the history of Vairo.
A.five; five B.fifth; fifth C.five; fifth D.fifth; five
【答案】C
【详解】句意:桌子上有五本书,而且第五本书是关于瓦伊罗的历史。
考查数词。five五,基数词;fifth第五,序数词。根据“books”可知,空处①需要数量词来修饰,因此five符合句意;根据“the…book is about the history of Vairo”可知,空处②指的是第五本书,需要序数词,因此fifth符合句意。故选C。
34.The number 100, 308 should be read as “________”.
A.a hundred and three hundred, eight
B.a hundred and three hundred and eight
C.a hundred thousand three hundred and eight
D.a hundred thousand and three hundred and eight
【答案】D
【详解】句意:数字100308应该读作“十万零三百零八”。
考查数词。a hundred thousand“十万”,three hundred“三百”,eight“八”,百和十或者个位数之间加and,十万和百之间加and,故选D。
35.________ visitors come to visit Humble Administrator’s Garden every year.
A.Million B.Million of C.Millions D.Millions of
【答案】D
【详解】句意:每年有数百万游客来参观拙政园。
考查数词用法。Million百万;Million of错误表达;Millions of数百万以上的。根据“visitors come to visit Humble Administrator’s Garden every year.”可知,本句想要表达的是“每年有数百万游客来参观拙政园”。表示不确定的“数百万”时,通常使用“millions of”这一固定表达。故选D。
36.It is raining outside. Please ________ the raincoat with you.
A.take B.to take C.bring D.to bring
【答案】A
【详解】句意:外面在下雨。请带上雨衣。
考查祈使句和动词辨析。take带走;bring带来。根据“Please...the raincoat with you.”可知,此句为祈使句,应以动词原形开头,排除选项B和D,且此处表示带走雨衣,用take。故选A。
37.________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
A.Not read B.Don’t read C.Doesn’t read
【答案】B
【详解】句意:不要躺在床上看书。这对你的眼睛不好。
考查祈使句。根据“It’s bad for your eyes.”可知,该句是说“不要在床上看书”,因此是祈使句的否定形式,正确表达为“Don’t+动词原形”。故选B。
38.________ quiet, please. You are in the library.
A.Keep B.To keep C.Keeps
【答案】A
【详解】句意:请保持安静。你在图书馆。
考查祈使句。根据“quiet, please”可知,此处为祈使句,应该使用动词原形置于句首,故选A。
39.________ late for class again, Lily.
A.Be B.Can’t C.Don’t be D.Don’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:莉莉,上课不要再迟到了。
考查祈使句的否定形式。此句为表示提醒的祈使句的否定形式。be late for“迟到”,祈使句的否定形式是在动词原形be前加Don’t,变为Don’t be。故选C。
40.—David, spend less time on computer games, ______ you will do worse in your studies.
—All right.
A.or B.and C.but D.so
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——大卫,少花点时间在电脑游戏上,否则你的学习会更差。 ——好的。
考查连词辨析。or否则,要不然;and和,并且;but但是;so所以。分析句子结构可知,“spend less time on computer games”是一个建议,“you will do worse in your studies”是如果不按照这个建议去做会产生的结果,所以用“or”连接,属于“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构。故选A。
41.Jenny, ________ out the form please. You are allowed to join the sports club.
A.fills B.fill C.will fill D.filled
【答案】B
【详解】句意:Jenny,请填写表格。你被允许加入体育俱乐部。
考查祈使句的用法。此处表示请Jenny填写表格,用祈使句,表示请求,动词用原形的fill。故选B。
42.In order to save electricity, ________ the fan when you leave the room.
A.put on B.turn on C.turn off D.take off
【答案】C
【详解】句意:为了节约能源,当你离开房间的时候关掉电扇。
考查动词短语辨析。put on穿上;turn on 打开;turn off 关掉;take off 脱掉,起飞。 根据“In order to save electricity, ... the fan when you leave the room.”可知,这里应该填turn off“关掉”。故选C。
43.Read every day, and you ________ a big difference.
A.makes B.made C.have made D.will make
【答案】D
【详解】句意:每天阅读,你就会有很大的不同。
考查动词时态。此句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,陈述句所表达的内容通常是前面祈使句的结果,常用一般将来时,结构为will do。故选D。
44.Polly, ________ cross the road when the red light is on.
A.don’t B.doesn’t C.mustn’t D.no
【答案】A
【详解】句意:Polly,红灯亮时不要过马路。
考查祈使句的否定形式。don’t不要;doesn’t不;mustn’t禁止;no没有。根据“cross the road when the red light is on”可知,此处是一个祈使句的否定形式,应使用“don’t”来表示“不要做某事”,故选A。
45.“________ talking!” means “________ talk!”
A.No; No B.Don’t; No C.No; Don’t D.Not; Not
【答案】C
【详解】句意:“别说话!”意思是“不要说话!”。
考查祈使句的否定形式。根据句意,可知表示“禁止说话”,用“No talking!”和“Don’t talk!”。故选C。
46.—________! The traffic is moving fast. —Thanks, I will.
A.Stop B.Look out C.Watch D.Don’t move
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——小心!车辆行驶得很快。——谢谢,我会的。
考查的是动词辨析。Stop停止;Look out小心,留神;Watch观看,注视;Don’t move不要动。根据“The traffic is moving fast.”可知,此处是提醒对方注意交通安全,小心车辆,所以用“Look out”符合语境。故选B。
47.—Don’t be late for school next time, Sam.
—OK, I ________.
A.don’t B.do C.won’t D.will
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——Sam,下次上学别再迟到了。 ——好的,我不会再迟到了。
考查祈使句的回答。don’t不要;do做,干;won’t将不,不会;will将,会。对于祈使句的回答,肯定回答常用“Yes, I will.”,表示会按照要求去做;否定回答常用“No, I won’t.”,表示不会做某事。根据空前“OK”可知,此处是指Sam答应不会再迟到了,所以应该用否定回答“No, I won’t.”,在口语中常省略“No”,直接回答“I won’t”。故选C。
48.________ trying and do your best.
A.Keep B.Keeping C.Keeps D.To keep
【答案】A
【详解】句意:继续努力,尽你最大的努力。
考查祈使句。根据“and do your best”可知,句子是祈使句,以动词原形开头。故选A。
49.________! Or you will be late for the meeting.
A.Hurry off B.Hurry up C.Take your time D.Don’t hurry
【答案】B
【详解】句意:快点!否则你开会就要迟到了。
考查“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的用法。Hurry off匆忙离开;Hurry up快点;Take your time不着急,慢慢来;Don’t hurry不慌。结合语境及“Or you will be late for the meeting”可知,再不快点会议就要迟到了,此处应在催促对方“快点”。故选B。
50.Get up early, ________ you ________ late for school.
A.and; will be B.or; will be C.or; are
【答案】B
【详解】句意:早点起床,否则你上学将会迟到。
考查连词辨析。and和;并且;or否则;要不然。根据“Get up early”和“you…late for school”可知,两句之间是一种相反的结果关系,即如果不早点起床就会上学迟到,所以应该用or;此句是“祈使句 + or + 陈述句” 的结构,陈述句部分通常要用一般将来时,其结构为“will be”,故选B。
Unit9 From Here to There
1. 表示动向和位置的介词
at, in,
at表示“在某地(较狭窄的场所)”;
in表示“在某地(较宽敞的场所)”。
at home在家
at a factory在一家工厂
in Beijing在北京
in the world在世界上
on, above, over和below, under, beneath
on表示“在……上面(有接触面)”;above表示“在……上方”;over表示“在……正上方”;under表示“在……正下方”;below表示“在……下方”。
on the wall在墙上
above the clouds在云端
over the sea在海上
under the chair在椅子下
below the surface of the water在水面下
by, near
by表示“在……旁边”;
near表示“在……附近”。
by me在我旁边
near the house在房子附近
between, among, around
between表示“在两者之间”;
among表示“在三者(以上)之中”;
around表示“环绕(四周)”。
between A and B在A和B之间
among the trees在树林中
around the table围在桌边
in front of, opposite, behind
in front of表示“在……前面/正面”;
behind表示“在……后面”;
opposite表示“在……对面”。
in front of the classroom在教室前面
behind my house在我家房子后面
opposite me在我对面
in, into, out of , up
in表示“在……之内”,
into表示“进入”;
out of表示“从……到外面”;
up表示“向上移动”。
be in the classroom在教室里
ran into the classroom跑进教室
rush out of the room冲出房间
climb up the tree爬上树
along, across, past, through
along表示“沿着”;
across表示“横穿(平面)”;
past表示“经过”;
through表示“通过(内部空间)”其含义与in有关,。
along the river/railway沿着河边/铁路
across the river横渡过河
past the city hall经过市政厅
through the city/forest穿过城市/森林
to, for, from
to表示“到达……目的地或目标”;
for表示“向……(目的地)”;
from表示“从……(地点)起”。
get to the airport到达机场
leave for动身去
from Beijing to Shanghai从北京到上海
二)一般过去时(一) (The simple past tense<I>)
(1)概念:表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
(2)用法:
①表示过去某个时间点或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和频率副词连用。
(3) 基本形式:
①谓语动词是be动词的一般过去时
②谓语动词是实义动词(行为动词)的一般过去时
谓语动词:是实义动词的一般过去时
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语+动词过去式+其他.
He played the guitar yesterday.他昨天弹了吉他。
否定句
主语+did+not+动词原形+其他.
He didn't play the guitar yesterday.他昨天没弹吉他。
一般疑问句
Did +主语+动词原形+其他?
回答:肯定:Yes,主语+did.
否定:No,主语+did not/didn't.
—Did he play the guitar yesterday?他昨天弹吉他了吗?
—Yes, he did.是的,他弹了。
—No, he did not/didn't.不,他没弹。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?
Where did he play the guitar yesterday?他昨天在哪里弹了吉他?
一般过去时时间标志词:
1.yesterday(昨天)或与其构成的短语:yesterday morning/afternoon等。
2.last+时间名词(上一个……)构成的短语:last night, last year等。
3.时间段+ago(……以前)构成的短语:a moment ago, an hour ago等。
4.in+过去时间(在……)构成的短语:in 1999, in the old days 等。
5.其他:just now(刚才), at that time(那时)等。
【语法精炼】
51.Miss Zhou lives on the top floor, and I live two floors ________ her.
A.on B.over C.under D.below
【答案】D
【详解】句意:周小姐住在顶楼,而我住在她楼下两层。
考查介词辨析。on在……上,表示表面接触;over在……上方,强调垂直正上方;under在……下面,强调覆盖关系;below在……下面,表示位置低于但不一定正下方。根据句意可知,“我”住在“她”楼下两层,应用below表示“低于某个位置”。故选D。
52.We all like to have a beautiful school ________ many tall trees ________ it.
A.has; around B.with; around C.has; with D.with; above
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们都喜欢有一个美丽的学校,周围有许多高大的树。
考查介词的使用。has有,动词;with有,介词;around在……周围;above在……上方。根据“a beautiful school… many trees”可知,第一个空需要一个介词来表示“拥有”或“带有”的意思,因此“with”是最合适的选择。根据“trees… it”可知,第二个空需要一个介词来描述树的位置,因此“around”是最合适的选择。故选B。
53.The app shows that Bus No.3 is about 5 km ________ of the bus stop. There is no ________ in worrying.
A.east; point B.the east; point C.east; need D.the east; need
【答案】A
【详解】句意:应用程序显示,3路公交车在公交站以东约5公里处。没必要担心。
考查方位词和固定句型。There is no need to do sth.“没有必要做某事”;There is no point in doing sth.“做某事没有意义”。“east”作副词时,表示“向东;在东方” ,“Bus No.3 is about 5 km east of the bus stop.”意思是“3 路公交车在公交车站以东大约 5 公里处” ,此时“east”直接用于表示方向,前面不需要加定冠词“the” ;“There is no point in doing sth.”是固定句型,意为“做某事没有意义”,此处是说没必要担心,所以用point。故选A。
54.He sits ________ to her.
A.beside B.next C.behind D.in front
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他坐在她的旁边。
考查介词。beside在……旁边,后面不需要加to;next紧靠……旁边,后面需要加to;behind在……后面,后面不需要加to;in front在……前面,后面需要加of,结合题干和选项,故选B。
55.The flowers are ________ the vase ________ the table.
A.in; on B.on; in C.in; in D.in; under
【答案】A
【详解】句意:花在桌子上的花瓶里。
考查介词用法。in在……里面;on在……上面;under在……下面。根据“The flowers are…”可知,此处指花在花瓶里,花瓶在桌子上。故选A。
56.Shenzhen lies ________ the south of China but ________ the south of Guangzhou.
A.in; to B.on; to C.to; on D.on; in
【答案】A
【详解】句意:深圳位于中国的南部,但在广州的南部。
考查介词辨析。to用于表示一个地方在另一个地方的外部方向,不接壤;on表示两者接壤;in表示一个地方在另一个地方之内。深圳位于中国内部,用in;深圳和广州不接壤,是独立关系,用to。故选A。
57.I live ________ a house _______ a tall building.
A.on, in B.in, in C.with, in D.in, with
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我住在一栋高楼里的一所房子里。
考查方位介词。on在……上;in在……里;with和……。根据“a house”可知,第一个空表示“住在房子里”,用in;根据“a tall building”可知,第二个空表示“在高楼里”,用in。故选B。
58.Shanghai is _______ the east of China; Japan is _______ the east of China.
A.in, to B.to, in C.in, on D.on, to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:上海在中国的东部;日本在中国的东方。
考查介词辨析。in在某一地区的内部;to在某一地区外部且不接壤;on在某一地区的接壤处。根据“Shanghai…China”可知,上海是中国的一个城市,在中国内部用in;根据“Japan…China”可知,日本在中国的外部且不接壤,介词用to。故选A。
59.Which floor is your flat ________ the tall building?
A.in on B.on C.on in D.in
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你的公寓在这栋高楼的哪一层?
考查介词的用法。in在……里面;on在……上面。表示“在某一层楼”要用介词on;表示“在某栋建筑物里”要用介词in,根据“Which floor is your flat ... the tall building?”可知,询问的是公寓在高楼里的哪一层,所以应该先表达“在某一层”,再表达“在高楼里”,即on in。故选C。
60.Which floor is your classroom ________ the classroom building?
A.in on B.on C.on in D.in
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你的教室在教学楼的哪一层?
考查介词。in在……里面;on在……上。根据“Which floor is your classroom”可知,教室是在某一层上,应用介词on;根据“the classroom building”可知,教室是在教学楼里,所以需要用介词in。先用on后用in。故选C。
61.Suddenly the door opened. Danny rushed into the library ________ a basketball _____ his hand.
A.and; on B.and; in C.with; in D.with; and
【答案】C
【详解】句意:突然,门开了。丹尼手里拿着篮球冲进了图书馆。
考查介词用法。and和,又,连词,用于连接两个并列的成分、句子等;with带着,具有,介词;on在……上面,介词;in在……里面,介词。第一空,根据“Danny rushed into the library … a basketball”可知,“a basketball”是Danny所携带的物品,应用介词“with”表示伴随状态,排除A和B;第二空,根据空后“his hand”可知,此处是指篮球在他的手中,考查in one’s hand“在某人手里”,介词短语,排除D。故选C。
62.Our school is ______ the park. That’s why the air here is always fresh.
A.next to B.between C.among D.through
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们的学校在公园旁边。这就是为什么这里的空气总是很新鲜。
考查地点方位介词与介词短语。next to在……旁边;between在(两者)之间;among在(三者及以上)之间;through穿过。学校的位置应该是在公园旁边。故选A。
63.Shanghai, a modern city, lies ________ the east of China and ________ the east of Jiangsu.
A.in; in B.on; to C.in; to D.in; on
【答案】D
【详解】句意:上海,一座现代化的城市,位于中国的东部,江苏的东部。
考查地点方位介词。in(表示领域,范围)在……以内;on(表示方向)在,向,对,表示与某地相邻接壤;to朝,向,表示在某一地区之外的某个方位,不属于该范围。根据“Shanghai, a modern city, lies...the east of China and...the east of Jiangsu.”可知,上海属于中国,所以第一空使用in;上海与江苏接壤,所以第二空使用on。故选D。
64.It is cloudy today and I can’t see anything ________ from the plane.
A.down B.under C.below D.between
【答案】C
【详解】句意:今天多云,我从飞机上看不到下面的任何东西。
考查介词辨析。down向下;under在……下面,通常用于描述某物在另一物体的正下方;below在……下方,常用于描述从高处看下方的场景;between在两者之间。根据“from the plane”可知,从高处看下方的情景,below符合语境。故选C。
65.Pudong New District is ________ of Shanghai.
A.in the east B.to the west C.on the east D.at the east
【答案】A
【详解】句意:浦东新区在上海的东部。
考查介词和名词辨析。in the east位于东部(在辖区范围内);to the west位于西部(不接壤,不在辖区范围内);on the east位于东部(边界接壤);at the east位于西部(具体的某处);浦东新区隶属上海的辖区,故选A。
66.My uncle lives in a small town ________ the east of the country. It’s famous for its beautiful scenery.
A.in B.on C.to D.at
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我的叔叔住在这个国家东部的一个小镇。它以美丽的风景而闻名。
考查介词辨析。in在……里;on在……之上;to向;at在。根据“My uncle lives in a small town...the east of the country.”可知,此处表示住在这个国家东部的一个小镇,in the east of“在……的东部(内部)”。故选A。
67.There is a supermarket __________ my home. It’s very convenient.
A.near B.far from C.next
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我家附近有一家超市。这很方便。
考查地点方位介词。near在……附近;far from远离;next在……旁边,常与to连用。根据“It’s very convenient.”可知,家附近的超市很方便。故选A。
68.It can be really cold in Harbin in winter with the temperature(温度)________ 0℃ all the time.
A.at B.by C.below D.above
【答案】C
【详解】句意:哈尔滨冬天的气温总是保持在0摄氏度以下,真的很冷。
考查介词辨析。at表示在具体的温度点;by通过,在……旁边;below在……以下;above在……以上。根据“It can be really cold in Harbin in winter with the temperature...0℃ all the time.”可知,此处指温度总是在0摄氏度以下。故选C。
69.—Where is the hospital?
—It’s ______ the park.
A.next B.next to C.between D.in
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——医院在哪里?——它在公园旁边。
考查地点方位介词。next下一个;next to在旁边;between在……之间;in在……里面。根据“Where is the hospital?”和语境可知,医院是在公园旁边。故选B。
70.The bank is ________ the post office.
A.between B.near C.from
【答案】B
【详解】句意:银行在邮局附近。
考查介词辨析。between在……中间;near在……附近;from来自。根据“The bank is...the post office.”可知,此处介绍银行和邮局的位置关系,near“在……附近”,符合语境,表示“银行在邮局附近”。故选B。
71.Sally and her friends ________ the game, but they played their best and learned a lot from it.
A.watched B.won C.didn’t watch D.didn’t win
【答案】D
【详解】句意:萨莉和她的朋友们没有赢得比赛,但他们尽了最大的努力,并从中学到了很多东西。
考查动词辨析和动词时态。watch观看;win赢得。根据“but they played their best and learned a lot from it.”可知,该句是一般过去时,且后文语境发生了转折,说学到了很多东西,因此是说“没有赢得”比赛,故选D。
72.Her son___________ Coke, but now he___________ milk.
A.used to drink; is used to drinking
B.used to drinking; drinks
C.is used to drinking; used to drink
【答案】A
【详解】句意:她的儿子过去常常喝可乐,但现在他习惯喝牛奶。
考查used to do和be used to doing的用法。used to do过去常常做某事;be used to doing习惯于做某事。根据“Her son...Coke, but now he...milk.”可知,前半句表示过去常常喝可乐,后半句表示现在习惯喝牛奶,故选A。
73.—The teacher ________ Julie just now.
—Yes. Julie’s answer was right and she could get a gift.
A.is praising B.praises C.will praise D.praised
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——刚才老师表扬了朱莉。——是的。朱莉的回答是正确的,她可以得到一份礼物。
考查动词时态。根据“just now”可知,此句为一般过去时,动词用过去式。故选D。
74.—Wow, our house is so clean and tidy now. Who cleaned it?
—I ________.
A.do B.did C.am D.was
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——哇,我们的房子现在如此干净整洁。是谁打扫的呢?——是我打扫的。
考查时态和助动词用法。根据上文“Who cleaned it?”可知句子时态为一般过去时,需用过去时相关表达作答。为避免重复“cleaned it”,用助动词替代实义动词,一般过去时中实义动词的替代用助动词did,故选B。
75.—What did Jim do?
—He put on his coat and ________ out of his room.
A.go B.went C.to go D.is going
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——吉姆做了什么?——他穿上外套,走出了房间。
考查一般过去时。根据问句“What did Jim do?”可知,时态为一般过去时,故动词需填过去式。故选B。
76.Yesterday we ______ bikes around the lake. It was the best way to ______ the fresh air.
A.ride; smell B.rode; smelling C.rode; smell D.riding; smelled
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨天我们绕着湖骑自行车。这是闻到新鲜空气的最好方法。
考查动词时态。根据yesterday可知,时态为一般过去时,所以第一空要用ride(骑)的过去式rode,排除A、D。第二空处为固定短语“the best way to do sth”,to后面接动词原形,所以第二空要用smell(闻),排除B选项。故选C。
77.The old bridge ______ the heavy trucks last week. Workers will repair it soon.
A.holds up B.didn’t hold up C.holds on D.hold up
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这座旧桥上周就支撑不住重型卡车了。工人们很快就会修理它。
考查动词时态及动词短语。hold up支撑;hold on稍等,坚持。根据“Workers will repair it soon.”可知,这座旧桥“支撑”不住重型卡车了,因此此处应为否定形式,根据last week(上周)可知,此处应用一般过去时。故选B。
78.—What ________ your brother ________ last weekend?
—He took part in a running race.
A.did; do B.does; do C.is; doing D.will; do
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你弟弟上周末做了什么?——他参加了一场跑步比赛。
考查动词时态。根据“last weekend” 可知,句子时态为一般过去时;变为特殊疑问句要借助助动词“did”,后面的动词用原形。故选A。
79.The students ________ a welcome party for the new family in their community.
A.held B.holded C.holds D.holding
【答案】A
【详解】句意:学生们为他们社区的新家庭举行了欢迎派对。
考查动词时态。根据“a welcome party for the new family ”可知,应是举行了欢迎派对,句子描述的是过去发生的动作,要用一般过去时,“hold” 的过去式是 “held”。故选A。
80.—When ________ you ________ Beijing?
—In 1998.
A.do; move to B.did; move to C.did; moved to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你什么时候搬到北京的?——在1998年。
考查一般过去时的疑问句结构。根据答句“In 1998”可知,问句询问的是过去的时间,因此需要使用一般过去时。疑问句中助动词“did”用于构成过去时的疑问句,动词“move”需用原形。故选B。
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