UNIT 12 INNOVATION 课文助读-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2024）

<33)wardn.病房 dozen35) people. It was this patient's second visit 没了--他也就才二十 to us and this time ⑧ he'd had both his legs <34>turn sb off 使某 几岁。做完手术后他苏 blown off-he was all-of-about 20 years old. 醒过来,小声说:“你不 人厌烦/失去兴趣 When he was waking up(36) after the surgeon(37) 记得我了吗,女士?”我 <35>dozen num.-打 说:“哦,当然记得你!” had finished, he whispered, "Don't you remember (36)wakeup(使)醒来 但其实我对他没有印 me, ma'am?"I said, “Oh yeah!"But reallyI <37)surgeon n.外科医生 象,因为这里的伤员太 didn't because there were so many of them. The 多了。将军是来给他颁 (38)ceremonyn.仪式 general was coming to give him the award 奖的,因为他正好是这 典礼 because he happened to be number 20, ooo to 家医院的第2万个病人。 (39>appreciationn.感 come through this hospital. They had this little 他们举行了一个小小的 ceremony(as), where they presented him with a 仪式,给他颁发了一枚 (40)more or less 或 紫心勋章和一块手表。 多或少 Purple Heart and a watch. As the general handed 将军把那块“来自军队 <41>incidentn.(尤 him the watch,"from the army, to show our 象征我们的感谢”的表 appreciation(3s)," the kid more or less(4o) threw 指不平常的、重要的 递给他时,那孩子几乎 the watch back at him. He said something like 是把表扔了回去。他说 或暴力的)事件 “I can't accept this, sir;it's not going to help me 了几句话,大概意思是, (42)sortof有几分 walk."After this little incident'4ì), I went over “长官,我不能要这块 地;到某种程度;稍稍 表,因为它不能帮我走 and took him in my arms. If I remember correctly,I 路。”这件小插曲之后, started sobbing and I think he was crying, too. I 我走过去把他楼在怀 really admired him for that. That was the only 里。如果我没记错的 time I let somebody see what I felt. It took a lot 话,我哭了,我记得他应 for him to do that, and it sort of*' said what this 该也哭了。我真的很佩服 war was all about to me. (Adapted from A Piece 他能说出那样的话。那也 of My Heart by Keith Walker) 是我唯一一次流露自已真 此处who引导定语从句,修饰先行词patient。 实的感受。他那么做是很 需要勇气的,这也多少反 ⑧此处含有“havesthdone”的使役结构。 映了我对这场战争的看 此处where引导定语从句,修饰先行词ceremony。 法。(改编自凯斯·沃克 此处what引导宾语从句。 的《心之彼方》) UNIT12 INNOVATION Lesson 1 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 (1>scientific adj.科 Scientific'' Breakthroughs 科学突破 学(上)的 ① If you had to choose the single most 如果必须在20世纪 (2>not to mention 更 重大发现中选出最重要 不必说;不必提及 important discovery of the 2oth century, you 的一项,这可不是件容 (3>range from.. to... would have a real problem on your hands. In just 易的事。在仅仅100年 (在一定范围内)变化 100 years, the world has changed completely. 中,世界就完全变样了 <4)microscope n. 显 Amazing discoveries were made in medicine 医学、通信和交通方面 微镜 都有惊人的发现,更别 <5)donate vi. &ut.捐 communications and transport, not to mention 提我们对世界和太空的 献(器官),献(血);捐 our knowledge of the world and space, Medical 认识了。医学上的进步 赠,捐献 advances ranged from} discovering the causes of 范围很广,从利用显微 .11· donationn. 捐赠物. diseases under microscopes'* to staging operations to 镜揭示病因,到施行手 捐赠 replace diseased organs with donated's) ones. 术,用捐赠的器官做器 <6>with the introduction Communications changed with the introduction 官移植。移动电话的使 of...随着......的引进 用给通信业带来了改 of'*" mobile phones, and the way we correspond" <7>correspond vi.通信 变,我们的通信方式从写 correspondence n. 信 went from writing letters to emailing and sending 信转变为发电子邮件和发 件,信函;通信 instant*' messages. We started flying around the 送即时信息。我们开始坐 <8>instantadj.立刻 world, launching* satellites into orbit(' and 飞机周游世界,把人造卫星 的,马上的 at the same time, scientists figured out ②how to 发射至轨道。同时,科学家 (9>launchvt.发射; split(2) the atom, previously thought to be the 们发现了如何分裂原子 发动,发起,开始从事 在此之前,原子被认为是 (10)satelliten. 人造 smallest particle13) of matter in the universe. 宇宙中最小的物质微粒。 卫星;卫星 ①此处If引导虚拟条件状语从句,意为“如果”。 尽管不太可能选出 (11>orbitn.轨道 ②此处含有“连词十todosth”的结构,在句中作 哪项发现是最重要的 vi.&vt.沿轨道运行 宾语;过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰theatom。 但是挑选出20世纪的几 <12>split vi.&vt.分 位先驱还是可能的。例 割,把......分开;分成 Although it is impossible to choose the most 如以下几位。 (不同部分) important discovery, it is possible to single out'"a few 20世纪最杰出的科 <13>particlen.粒子, pioneers of the 20th century. Here are some of them. 学家,阿尔伯特·爱因 质点 One of the 20th century's premier'15) scientists 斯坦是其一。1905年夏 (14>single out挑选出 was Albert Einstein. In the summer of 19o5, ③ this 天,这个坦率的年轻人 选拔出(~for/as) outspoken(16) young man was rocking his one- 给他一岁的孩子晃动摇 (15)premier adj. 最 篮时,突然受到启发。于 好的;最重要的 year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired. 是,"E-mc^{}”诞生了。它 (16>outspoken adj.坦 Subsequently1),"E=mc{"was born. ④It showed 证明了一小块物质可以 率的,直言不讳的 how a small piece of mass could produce an <17>subsequently 产生巨大的能量。爱因斯 unbelievable amount of energy. Einstein then 坦随后在他的“相对论”中 adu.后来,随后 showed in his "theory of relativity(s)" that not (18>relativityn.相对性 指出,即使是时间、质量或 (19>constant adj.恒 even time, mass or length are constant(1s)-they 长度也不是恒定不变的 久不变的;持续不断 它们根据我们对它们的感 change according to our experience of them. 知而变化。 的,经常发生的n.常 ③此处“bedoingsthwhen...”是固定句式,意为 量,恒量 1928年,生物学家 “正在做某事,这时......” (20)findingn. 研究 亚历山大·弗莱明作出 的结果;发现 了另一项重要的发现。 ④此处how引导宾语从句,作showed的宾语。 <21)biologistn.生物 在去度假之前,弗莱明 In 1928, another important finding(2 was 学家 在实验室里放了一个培 made by biologist(*") Alexander Fleming. Before <22) double-checked 养细菌的器I。回来 he went on holiday, Fleming left a dish of vt.将.....细检查, 时,他注意到器血里有 复核 bacteria in his laboratory. When he came back. 点儿奇怪。经过反复检 <23)mouldn.霉,霉菌 查,他发现器II里有一 he noticed something strange. He double- <24>penicillinn. 青霉 checked 22) and saw a blue mould/23) in the dish 种蓝色的霉菌,而霉菌周 素,盘尼西林 围的细菌已经被消灭了 around which the bacteria had been destroyed. <25)perceive vt.察觉. 这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是 This blue mould was in fact the natural form of 注意到,发觉 自然状态的青霉素,弗菜 penicillin(24), which Fleming perceived(25) could (26>mass-produced 明认为它可以用来杀死细 adi.大量生产的,大 be used to kill bacteria. A few years later, 菌。数年后,青霉素开始 批生产的 大量生产,帮助挽救了数 penicillin was being mass-produced'2) and helping <27)millionnum.百万 百万人的生命。弗菜 to save the lives of millions-7'. Fleming remained .12· <28>humble adi. 谦虚 humble② about the amazing outcome"" of his discovery 明对他这一惊人的发现 的,谦卑的 “Nature made penicillin,” he said, “I just found it." 态度谦虚,他说:“是大 <29)outcomen.结果. 此处含有“介词十which”引导的定语从句,修饰 自然制造了青霉素,我 后果 先行词dish。 只是发现了它。” (30)navyn.海军 此处which引导的是非限制性定语从句。which 第二次世界大战期 <31>accuracyn.准确 代替penicillin,作从句的主语。 间,正当弗菜明的发现 During World War II, when Fleming's 性;精准度;正确,准确 首次用来帮助治愈疾病 (32>missilen.导弹. discovery was first helping to cure people, the 时,美国海军正在寻找 飞弹 US Navy(3o) was looking for ways of improving 提高导弹精度的方法。 <33)turnto求助于 the accuracy31) of their missiles(32>. The navy 海军求助于工程师埃克 (34>physicist n.物理 turned to3") Eckert, an engineer, and Mauchly,a 特和物理学家莫克利来 学家 physicist(*4), to deal with(3s) theproblem and 解决这个问题,两人共 <35>deal with 处理; produce a machine to do the job in a joint(36) 同制造一台机器来完成 涉及;做生意 effort. Although they only finished after the war 这项工作。尽管机器在 (36>jointadj.联合 in 1946, it did not matter. This huge machine 1946年战争结束后才制 was the world's first computer, but it was 的,共同的,共有的 造出来,但仍产生了巨大 <37) nothing like 一 nothing like'3) our computers today. It measured 影响。这台巨大的机器是 点儿也不像 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed 世界上第一台计算机,但 <38>tuben.圆管,管 over 30, oo0 kilograms. With 18, ooo tubess). 是与今天的计算机完全不 thousands of circuits3") and 6,ooo switches, it 子;电视显像管,阴极 同。它长100英尺,高10 射线管 used so much energy that when it was turned on, 英尺,重30000多千克。 <39)circuitn. 电路. the lights in the local town went out()! 它有18000个显像管,数 线路:环形道路 此.so... tha....如此......以至于......”,引导 千条电路和6000个开 <40)goout出去;熄 结果状语从句。该结果状语从句中又包含了一个 关,耗电量异常巨大,以至 灭;过时 when引导的时间状语从句。 于当它启动的时候,当地 <41>efficiently adv. ⑧ With the development of computers, people 城镇的灯都熄灭了 有效率地,高效能地 随着计算机的发 (42>propose vt.提出 During the Cold War, a“huge network" of computers 展,人们期望能有效地 (某观点、方法等) was proposed') by two American scientists. With 完成更多的事情。冷战 <43>unimaginable computers talking to one another, it would 期间,两位美国科学家 adi.不可思议的;难 enable government leaders to communicate with 提出建立一个计算机的 以想象的 each other. By the end of the 196os, some mini- “庞大网络”。计算机能 <44> be dedicated to networks were established, but only a few 互换信息,可使政府领 致力于 computers could connect to them. In 199o, Tim 导人相互沟通。到20世 <45)qualityn.质量. Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web 纪60年代末,一些小型 品质,性质 which enabled computers all over the world to 网络已经建立起来,但 quantityn.数量 communicate with each other, Nowadays, life without 只有少数计算机可以接 the Internet for most people is unimaginable(4a). 人。1990年,蒂姆·伯 ⑧此处含有“getsthdone”结构,意为“使某事被做” 纳·李发明了万维网,使 此处为with复合结构,其中现在分词作补语, 世界各地的计算机能够相 补充说明computers。 互通信。如今,对大多数 These pioneers of the 20th century were all 人来说,没有互联网的生 dedicated to" improving the quality(45)of human 活是难以想象的 ·13· <46>in the chain of life on Earth. Human life on this planet has been 这些20世纪的先驱 在......链中 transformed into a"global village", with all the 都致力于改善地球上人 different countries linked in the chain of(4s) 类的生活质量。不同国 common interests. There is no doubt about it. 家因共同利益而连接起 Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in 来,使得这个星球上人 science and technology, whether lucky or 类的生活已经转变为 planned, the world as we know it today would be “地球村”。毫无疑问,如 a completely different place. 果没有这些先驱取得的科 There is no doubt about/that ..毫无疑问...... 技突破,无论是由干幸运 whether luckyorplanned是一个省略句,补全 还是有所计划,我们今天 为 whether it was lucky or it was planned 所熟知的世界将是一个完 全不同的地方。 Lesson3 教材原文 难词注解 课文翻译 Stephen Hawking <1> influential adi. 有 斯蒂芬·霍金 On 14 March, 2018, one of the world's mos 2018年3月14日. 影响力的,有势力的 influential'l' scientists, Stephen Hawking, died 世界上最有影响力的科 <2> theoretical adi. 理 学家之一,斯蒂芬·霍 at his home in England, ①aged 76. Hawking was 论的 金在英格兰的家中去 famous, not just for his brilliant work in theoretical 世,享年76岁。霍金不 <3)cosmologyn. 宇宙 physics and cosmology", but also for overcoming4 仅因在理论物理学和宇 论,宇宙学 the challenges of ALS(a disease that affects 宙学方面的杰出研究而 <4>overcome vt. 克服 muscle control). 著名,更是因克服了朋 ①此处过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词Stepher (困难),控制(感情); 萎缩侧索硬化症(一种 Hawking。 影响肌肉控制的疾病) 征服,战胜 Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January, 的挑战而令人敬佩 (5)challenge n.挑战 1942, in Oxford. He went to the University of 1942年1月8日斯 v.向.....挑战 Oxford to study physics in 1959. At the age ofs 蒂芬·霍金出生于牛 21, ②when Hawking spent his first year at the <6>at the age of 津,1959年进入牛津大 学学习物理学。21岁那 在....岁 University of Cambridge, physicians discovered 年,也是霍金在剑桥大 (7) rather than 而 he had a rare, slow-progressing form of ALS. He 学的第一年,医生发现 was only expected to live for a few years. 不是 他患有一种罕见的慢性 ②此处when引导定语从句,修饰先行词at the age of 2l 肌萎缩侧索硬化症,预 (8>asaresult结果 Hawking later found a job at the Institute of 言他只能再活几年。 <9>decline vi.减少, Astronomy in Cambridge. In the early stages of 后来霍金在剑桥天 降低 his career, his illness got worse, but he was 文研究所找了份工作。 allowed to do research only rather thanteach (10>ceasev.停止 职业生涯刚一开始他的 ③which was easier for him. In 1985, he had to 病情就转而恶化,研究 (11)a number of 若 have an operation. As a result*, he lost his 所允许他可以只做研究 干,一些;许多 speech. Soon his doctors developed a piece of 而不用教学,这对他来 (12> separate from 分 说更容易。1985年,他 speech-generating equipment that allowed him to 不得不动手术,结果丧 离:把......和......分开 speak. However, ④as his illness became worse. 失了说话能力。很快, <13>insteadof 代替 he lost the use of his hands. 医生为他开发了一种发 ·14. <14>lookup at 抬头 ③此处which引导定语从句,修饰先行词research。 声设备使他能够说话。 ④此处as引导时间状语从句,意为“随着” 看;往上看 但是,随着他的病情继 Although Hawking's physical abilities declined* 续恶化,手也动不了了。 (15>inspite of虽然;不 over decades, he never ceased(o his studies and 尽管在过去几十年 顾;尽管......(仍......) he developed a number of'l'new ideas about 里霍金的身体机能不断 <16)expectation n. 期 下降,但他从未停止过 black holes. Hawking believed that the birth of 研究,对黑洞有了许多 待,预期;期望,指望 the universe (the "Big Bang”) created many 新的想法。霍金认为宇 expectv.期待;预计; small black holes. His theory was that there 宙诞生时(即宇宙大爆 要求,指望 was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole 炸)创造了许多小黑洞,在 This hole led to another universe, completely <17)bonusn.意外收 黑洞的中心还有一种洞 separate from12) our own. 这种洞通向另一个宇宙 获,额外的好处;奖 此处Although引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”。 与我们的世界完全分隔。 金;红利 此处that引导表语从句。 霍金还写书。1988 <18>because of因为; Hawking also wrote books. His 1988 book 年出版的《时间简史:从 由于 A Brief History of Time:From the Big Bang to 大爆炸到黑洞》一书,地 球上平均每750人便购 Black Holes, sold one copy for every 75o people 买过一本。然而,许多 on Earth. However, many people could not really 人并不能真正理解他写 understand what he had written. Therefore. 的内容。因此,霍金决 Hawking decided to write a simpler version, A 定写一个简化的版本, Briefer History of Time (2oo5). 即《时间简史》(2005)。 此处what引导宾语从句。 在《宏伟设计》(2010年 出版,与菜昂纳德·蒙 In The Grand Design (2o10, with Leonard Mlodinow),Hawking argued that we should 洛迪诺合著)一书中,霍 look for a different way ⑧to discover the deepest 金提出我们应该用一种 secrets of the universe. Instead of'13) trying to find 不同的方式去发现宇宙 最深处的秘密。与其说 one big new explanation, scientists should put 尝试寻找一个全新的解 together all the ideas that they already have. 释,科学家们不如把他们 ⑧此处动词不定式作后置定语,修饰名词adifferent 已经有的想法汇集起来。 way。 2012年伦敦奥运会 此处that引导同位语从句。 开幕式上,霍金对9亿电 At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics 视观众说:“仰望星空, Hawking said to a TV audience of 9oo million 而不是俯视脚下......要 people:"Look up at'1w the stars and not down at 保持好奇心。” 尽管霍金患有疾 your feet... be curious." In spite of'1s) his disease, Hawking didn't 病,但他并不认为自己 是个不幸的人。他说, consider himself an unlucky man. He said it had 这并没有阻碍他拥有家 not prevented him from having a family, and 庭,也没有妨碍他在工作 being successful in his work. "My expectations(16) 中取得成功。“21岁时 were reduced to zero when I was 21. Everything 我的人生期望值降为零 since then has been a bonus(7).”And he believed 从那以后,一切都是馈 this was because ofi8) the help he received from 赠。”他认为自已所取得的 his family and a large number of people and 一切都源于家人的支持和 organisations. 他人及组织的帮助 ·15·