U2 Period Ⅰ Welcome to the unit -【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

选择性必修第三册 Unit 2　Out of this world 【单元话题词汇】 Period Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Comprehending 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课时作业 巩固提升 Part 1　教材原文助读   Life on a space station Living in space is every would-be astronaut①'s dream.My six-month stay on a space station has come to an end②， and it has been a challenging③ but magical④ adventure⑤.I bet you'd love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from⑥ that on the Earth—the low gravity⑦ definitely⑧ makes ordinary things strange！ 该句为复合句。 you'd love to know...为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，what和how在从句中引导宾语从句。 ①astronaut /'æstrənɔːt/n.宇航员，航天员 ②come to an end 结束 bring/put...to an end/put an end to...使……结束 ③challenging adj.有挑战性的 ④magical adj.有魔力的；奇妙的；令人愉快的 magic n．魔法；戏法；魔术；魔力 magician n．魔术师 ⑤adventure n．奇遇，冒险的经历 adventurous adj.冒险的 adventurer n．冒险者；冒险家 ⑥differ from与……不同 ⑦gravity /'ɡrævəti/n.重力；严重性；严肃 ⑧definitely adv.确切地；明确地；清楚地 definite adj.肯定的；确定的；不会改变的；清楚的 空间站的生活 在太空生活是每个想成为宇航员的人的梦想。我在空间站的6个月已经结束了，这是一次充满挑战但奇妙的冒险。我敢打赌，你一定很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的，以及它与地球上的生活有什么不同——低重力肯定会使平常的事情变得不同寻常！ The strangeness⑨ of living in space is apparent⑩ from the moment we sleep.Due to⑪ the near absence⑫ of gravity in space, we have to attach⑬ ourselves so that we don't float⑭ around.We usually sleep in private quarters，which are more like large cupboards⑮，or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling⑯. It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure⑰ against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother⑱ us any more.After about eight hours of sleep, we start our day of work. 该句为复合句。we sleep在句中作定语。 该句为复合句。so that在句中引导目的状语从句。 该句为复合句。which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，attached to the walls or the ceiling为过去分词短语作定语。 该句为复合句。that在句中引导主语从句，it为形式主语。 ⑨strangeness n．陌生；奇怪 ⑩apparent adj.显而易见的；明白易懂的；显然的 apparently adv.显然地 ⑪due to 由于；因为 ⑫absence /'æbsəns/n.缺席；缺乏，不存在 ⑬attach v．贴；固定；附上 ⑭float /fləʊt/vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流 ⑮cupboard /'kʌbəd/n.壁橱；橱柜，衣柜 ⑯ceiling /'siːlIŋ/n.天花板；上限 ⑰pressure n．压力；要求 ⑱bother /'bɒðə(r)/vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难 从睡觉的那刻起，我们就能明显感受到在太空生活的奇妙。由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，才不会四处飘浮。我们通常睡在像是大的橱柜一样的独立的睡眠区，或者睡在固定在墙上或者天花板上的睡袋里。试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。在约8小时的睡眠后，我们开始了一天的工作。 The routine tasks that occupy⑲ most of the day are demanding⑳， but they can also be extremely rewarding㉑. Our main mission㉒ is to conduct㉓ scientific research.We need to evaluate㉔ the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.Creatures㉕ such as mice，fish and mosquitoes㉖ have also been sent to the station! In a low-gravity environment, we can learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the microscope㉗.As well as㉘ doing these biological experiments, we carry out㉙ experiments in other research fields. I have been working on㉚ one experiment which locates and tracks lightning over large regions of the Earth. Hopefully, it will cast new light on㉛ the Earth's climate and lead to㉜ better lightning protection.With so much going on, the space station needs a lot of maintenance㉝， so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning. 该句为复合句。but为连词，连接两个分句。that在第一个分句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词tasks。 该句为复合句。其中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词experiment。 该句为并列句。with so much going on 为“with＋宾语＋现在分词”的复合结构，表示伴随，so为并列连词。 ⑲occupy /'ɒkjupaI/vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 occupation n．职业，工作；占领 occupied adj.忙于……的；使用中的 ⑳demanding adj.要求高的；要求严格的；费力的 ㉑rewarding adj.有意义的，值得做的 ㉒mission /'mIʃn/n.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 ㉓conduct vt.组织；安排；带领n.行为；举止；管理方法 conductor n．(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥 ㉔evaluate /I'væljueIt/vt.评估，估计，评价 evaluation n．评估 ㉕creature /'kriːtʃə(r)/n.动物，生物；人 ㉖mosquito /mə'skiːtəʊ/n.(pl.mosquitoes or mosquitos)蚊子 ㉗microscope /'maIkrəskəʊp/n.显微镜 ㉘as well as也，又；和……一样好 ㉙carry out履行；实施；开展；完成(任务) carry on继续，坚持 ㉚work on从事 ㉛cast new light on使进一步了解…… ㉜lead to导致；通向 ㉝maintenance /'meIntənəns/n.维护，保养；维持，保持 占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。我们的主要任务是进行科学研究。我们需要评估低重力对动物和植物的影响。诸如老鼠、鱼、蚊子等生物也被送到了空间站！在低重力环境下，我们可以通过显微镜更多地了解细胞和微生物的变化。除了做这些生物实验，我们还开展其他领域的实验研究。我一直在做一个可以定位并追踪地球上大片区域的闪电的实验。希望这个实验能使人们进一步了解地球气候，并更好地做好雷电防护。空间站里发生那么多事情，需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查空间站的支持系统，并做一些清洁工作。 The most challenging work takes place㉞ when we need to perform㉟ tasks outside the space station, such as testing new equipment㊱， monitoring㊲ scientific experiments or repairing the space station. In the circumstances㊳， it's time for a spacewalk.First, we put on our spacesuits, which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from㊴ exposure㊵ to the cold and radiation㊶. 10 Then we head out, and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time, with the beautiful Earth visible㊷ below.Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 11 It's probably the most dangerous work, with potential㊸ risks such as electric shocks.That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned. 12 该句为复合句。when在句中引导时间状语从句。 10 该句为复合句。which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词spacesuits。 11 该句为复合句。句中第一个as引导让步状语从句，并使用了表语提前的部分倒装结构。 12 该句为复合句。why在句中引导表语从句。 ㉞take place举行；发生 ㉟perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行；做 ㊱equipment n．[U]装备；设备 ㊲monitor v．监视；检查；跟踪调查 ㊳circumstance /'sɜːkəmstəns/n.条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 in the circumstances在这种情况下，既然如此 ㊴protect...from保护……免受 ㊵exposure /Ik'spəʊʒə(r)/n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道 ㊶radiation /ˌreIdi'eIʃn/n.辐射，放射线 ㊷visible /'vIzəbl/adj.看得见的；明显的 ㊸potential adj.潜在的；可能的n.可能性；潜在性；潜力，潜质 当我们需要在空间站外面执行任务时，例如测试新设备、监测科学实验或修理空间站，就会产生最具挑战性的工作。在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。首先，我们穿上航空服，它可以让我们在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的侵害。然后我们走出空间站，有时执行任务要连续好几个小时，向下可以看到美丽的地球。虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。这可能是最危险的工作，因为有电 击之类的潜在风险。这就是每次太空行走都要经过精心策划的原因。 In view of㊹ the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space.Most food is dried or freeze-dried.It's a luxury㊺ to eat fresh food，because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be delivered㊻ to the space station from the Earth every couple of months. 13 Salt and pepper are only in liquid form, so that they will not float away and block the air pipes. 14 However，liquids can't be easily controlled㊼ in space.We must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through a thin tube㊽ of plastic.Furthermore㊾， to keep our body healthy, we must ensure㊿ a balanced 51 supply 52 of nutrients by taking pills 53. 13 该句为复合句。it为形式主语，to eat fresh food为不定式作真正的主语，because引导原因状语从句。 14 该句为复合句。so that 在句中引导目的状语从句。 ㊹in view of鉴于；考虑到 ㊺luxury /'lʌkʃəri/n.不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品 ㊻deliver v．递送，传送，生孩子，接生，发表(演说等) ㊼control v．& n．控制 ㊽tube /tjuːb/n.管，管子；软管 ㊾furthermore /ˌfɜːðə'mɔː(r)/ adv.此外，再者 ㊿ensure v．保证；担保；确保 51 balanced adj.均衡的 52 supply n．供应量；供给量；储备 v．(尤指大量)供应，供给，提供 53 pill /pIl/n.药丸，药片 鉴于低重力环境，饮食在太空中也有所不同。大多数食物都是脱水或冻干的。吃到新鲜的食物是一种奢侈，因为水果和蔬菜等新鲜农产品只能每隔几个月从地球运到空间站。盐和胡椒粉仅以液体的形式存在，这样它们就不会飘来飘去，堵塞通气管。但是，液体在太空中不容易控制。我们必须用塑料细管，从袋子里面喝水或其他液体。此外，为了保持身体健康，我们必须吃药来保证营养的均衡补给。 Spending some time in the gym is of vital 54 importance to astronauts' health.Did you know that in just five months, astronauts could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass？Considering 55 these negative effects low gravity has on the human body, we discipline 56 ourselves to do at least 57 two hours of exercise every day.15 Exercise in space is not your average workout.We have to be tied onto specially designed 58 exercise equipment to stop ourselves from 59 floating around. 15 该句为复合句。low gravity has on the human body为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句。 54 vital /'vaItl/adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 be of vital importance至关重要(＝be very important) 55 considering prep.考虑到，鉴于 56 discipline /'dIsəplIn/vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 57 at least至少 58 designed adj.精心设计的 59 stop...from阻止……(＝prevent/stop...from) 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。你知道仅仅在五个月里宇航员就可能失去相当多的肌肉量和骨量吗？鉴于低重力对人体的这些负面影响，我们严格要求自己每天至少运动两个小时。在太空中锻炼可不是普通的锻炼。我们必须绑在专门设计的运动器材上，防止我们到处飘浮。 During our leisure 60 time, there's nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew 61 and watch our remarkable 62 planet go by 63 ，taking pictures 64 for our family and friends back home. 16 As the space station travels at a speed of 65 about 17，500 miles per hour，we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes. 17 In these precious 66 moments，all the challenges of life in space seem worth 67 it. 16该句为复合句。we like为定语从句，taking pictures for our family and friends back home为现在分词短语作伴随状语。 17 该句为复合句。as在句中引导原因状语从句。 60 leisure /'leʒə(r)/n.闲暇，空闲 61 crew /kruː/n.全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队 62 remarkable adj.非凡的；奇异的；显著的；引人注目的 remark n．& v．谈论 remark on 就……发表评论 63 go by (时间)流逝，过去；遵循；遵照 64 take pictures拍照 65 at a speed of以……速度 speed up加速 pick up speed逐渐加速 66 precious adj.宝贵的；珍贵的；贵重的 67 worth adj.值得的 be worth doing值得做 be worth it值得 在空闲时间，我们最喜欢做的事就是和其他工作人员一起舒服地坐下来，看着我们非凡的星球从身边经过，拍点照片给地球上的家人和朋友看。空间站以每小时约17 500英里的速度飞行，所以我们每隔90分钟就能看到日出。在这些珍贵的时刻，太空生活的所有挑战似乎都是值得的。 Part 2　语篇研析 Ⅰ.Fill in the following blanks with suitable words. Life on a space station Para.1 The low gravity in space makes ordinary things strange！ Para.2 Sleeping in space is strange. We have to attach ourselves 1.________ we don't float around.We usually sleep in private quarters or in sleeping bags 2.______________ the walls or the ceiling, but the unusual beds 3.______________ us any more when we try to sleep with no pressure against our back. so that attached to don't bother Life on a space station Para.3 The routine tasks in space are demanding but rewarding. Our main mission is 4.________________________ to evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.In addition, we 5.___________ experiments in other research fields.With so much going on, the space station needs 6.___________________，so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning. to conduct scientific research carry out a lot of maintenance Life on a space station Para.4 Performing tasks outside the space station is the most challenging work. To take a spacewalk, first, we put on our spacesuits to allow us to breathe in space and 7.__________________ exposure to the cold and radiation.Then we head out with the beautiful Earth visible below.8.____________ the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. protect us from Splendid as Life on a space station Para.5 Eating is different in space. Most food is dried or freeze－dried.9.____________ to eat fresh food, because fresh produce can 10._____________________ the space station from the Earth every couple of months.Salt and pepper are only in liquid form so as not to float away and block the air pipes.However，liquids can't be easily controlled in space so we must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through a thin tube of plastic. It's a luxury only be delivered to Life on a space station Para.6 Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health. Low gravity 11._________________ _________ the human body，so we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day using the exercise equipment specially 12._________ for us. has many negative effects on designed Life on a space station Para.7 The precious moments make all the challenges of life in space seem worth it. During our leisure time，what we like most is to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by，taking pictures for our family and friends back home.With the space station 13._______________________ about 17，500 miles per hour，we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes. travelling at a speed of Ⅱ.Complete the main idea of the text. The main idea of the text is _________________________________ ________________________________________________． what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth because of the low gravity Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．Why do the astronauts have to attach themselves to sleep? A．To experience the strangeness of living in space. B．To avoid floating around. C．To have fun. D．To have a better sleep. 答案：B 2．Which of the following is NOT the astronauts' routine tasks? A．To conduct scientific research. B．To do biological experiments. C．To check support systems and do some cleaning. D．To repair the space station. 答案：D 3．From what aspects can we find eating is different in space? A．Most food is dried or frozen. B．Salt and pepper are only in liquid form. C．Water or any other liquids must be drunk out of a bag through a thin tube of plastic. D．All the above. 答案：D 4．Why is it of importance to astronauts' health to spend some time in the gym? A．Because low gravity has negative effects on their bodies. B．Because they are exposed to the cold and radiation. C．Because the exercise equipment in space is specially designed for them. D．Because they are fond of average workout. 答案：A 5．Which of the following words can be used to describe the author's six-month stay on the space station? A．Ordinary but unforgettable. B．Dangerous but hopeful. C．Challenging but magical. D．Exciting but boring. 答案：C After reading the text，please fill in the following blanks. My six－month stay on a space station has come to 1.______ end and it has been a challenging but magical adventure.Ordinary things become strange in space due to the near 2.____________ (absent) of gravity. an absence To begin with, to have a sleep，we have to attach 3.__________ (we) in order not to float around.After about eight hours of sleep，we start our day of work.Our routine tasks are 4.____________ (demand) but rewarding, which include conducting scientific research，carrying out biological experiments，checking support systems and doing some cleaning.However，the most challenging work is 5.__________ (perform) tasks outside the space station.For example, to take a spacewalk，we have to put on our spacesuits，6.___________ allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and ourselves demanding performing which radiation.In addition，eating is different in space where most food is dried or freeze－dried and drinking must 7.________(do) out of a bag through a thin tube of plastic.What's more，8.___ is of vital importance to astronauts' health to spend some time in the gym because low gravity has many negative 9.________ (effect) on the human body.When it comes to our leisure time, what we like most is to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by, taking pictures and seeing the sunrise every 90 minutes.10.____________ (consider) the precious moments in space, all the challenges of life in space seem worth it. be done it effects Considering 1. I bet you'd love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange! [句式分析]　本句是复合句。 you'd love to know...为省略了引导词that的__________从句，what和how在宾语从句中引导宾语从句。 [自主翻译]　____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 宾语 我敢打赌，你一定很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的，以及它与地球上的生活有什么不同——低重力肯定会使平常的事情变得不同寻常！ 2．Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around. [句式分析]　本句是复合句。so that 在句中引导____________从句。 [自主翻译]　____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 目的状语 由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，才不会四处漂浮。 3．It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more. [句式分析]　本句是复合句。it为____________，that引导____________从句。 [自主翻译]　____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 形式主语　 主语 试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 4．With so much going on, the space station needs a lot of maintenance, so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning. [句式分析]　本句是并列句。with so much going on为“________________________”的复合结构，表示伴随，so为并列连词。 [自主翻译]　____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ with＋宾语＋现在分词 空间站里发生那么多事情，需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查空间站的支持系统，并做一些清洁工作。 5．Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. [句式分析]　本句是复合句。句中第一个as在句中引导____________从句，并且使用了表语提前的部分倒装结构。 [自主翻译]　____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 让步状语 虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 6．That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned. [句式分析]　本句是复合句。why 在句中引导________从句。 [自主翻译]　____________________________________________ 表语 这就是每次太空行走都要经过精心策划的原因。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Chinese material scientists have found the soil on the moon may potentially be able to generate oxygen and fuel, a finding that means more possibilities of humans to use lunar resources to further exploration of the moon and beyond. The researchers at Nanjing University showed that the lunar sample brought back by China's Chang'e-5 contains active compounds (化合物) that can change carbon dioxide into oxygen and fuel.Initially, they hoped to design a system that took advantage of lunar soil and solar radiation, the two rich resources on the moon, according to a study published on Thursday in the journal Joule. After analyzing the Chang'e-5's lunar soil, the team found the sample contained metal-rich substances, which could work as a catalyst (催化剂) to make oxygen using sunlight and carbon dioxide.The team proposed a strategy using lunar soil to electrolyze water from the moon and the astronauts' life support system into oxygen and hydrogen.The process was powered by sunlight.The carbon dioxide breathed out by moon inhabitants can be collected and combined with hydrogen to produce the fuel, also catalyzed by the lunar soil, according to the study.The researchers said with this method, no external energy apart from sunlight would be used to produce oxygen and fuel to support life on a moon base. “We use the environmental resources to minimize rocket payload, and our strategy provides a scenario for a sustainable and affordable living environment for life out of the Earth，” said the paper's first author Yao Yingfang from Nanjing University, expressing his assumption. “The challenge lies in the fact that catalytic efficiency of lunar soil is lower than catalysts on the Earth，” said the researchers.They are testing different approaches in order to improve the design.The team is looking for an opportunity to test the system in space with China's future manned lunar missions. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国科学家发现月球土壤可能具有生成氧气和燃料的潜力，这一发现意味着人类可以利用月球资源进一步探索月球及其他星球。 2 3 1 4 1．What is the main implication of Chinese scientists' discovery of the moon's soil? A．The moon is rich in rare elements. B．Lunar soil can be used for exploring space. C.The moon can be lived on by human beings. D．Lunar soil is a new renewable energy source. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，中国科学家发现月球土壤能够产生氧气和燃料，这意味着可以利用月球土壤进一步探索太空。故选B。 2 3 1 4 2．What did the researchers work on according to paragraph 3? A．The process of the sun producing light. B．The analysis of China's Chang'e-5's work. C．The supportive method producing metal-rich substances. D．The sustainable living strategy employing lunar resources. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，研究人员利用月球资源进行可持续生存策略的研究。故选D。 2 3 1 4 3．What does the underlined word “scenario” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Profession.　　　　　　 B．Contract. C．Vision. D．Sponsor. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The researchers said...on a moon base.”可知，目前人类在月球上不能像在地球上一样生存，再由第四段的内容可知，通过对月球土壤资源的研究利用，人类有望在月球上得以生存，因此画线词意为“愿景，构想”。故选C。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The discovery of active compounds on the moon. B．The testing approaches to improving the lunar soil. C．The research on the environmental system of the moon. D．The study of using lunar soil for oxygen and fuel production. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了中国科学家发现月球土壤可以用于生产氧气和燃料，这一发现意味着可以利用月球土壤进一步探索太空。故选D。 2 3 1 4 B Nuclear bombs. That's the go-to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids (小行星) and comets, as far as Hollywood is concerned. Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons to save the world and deliver the drama. But planetary defense experts say in reality, if astronomers spotted a dangerous incoming space rock, the safest and best answer might be something more subtle, like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft. That's just what NASA did on Monday evening, when a spacecraft headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos, which is around 7 million miles away and poses no threat to Earth. It's about 525 feet across and orbits another larger asteroid. In images streamed as the impact neared, the egg-shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to have its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target. Events happened exactly as engineers had planned, they said, with nothing going wrong. “As far as we can tell, our first planetary defense test was a success，” said Elena Adams, the mission systems engineer, who added that scientists looked on with “both terror and joy” as the spacecraft neared its final destination. The impact was the peak of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), a 7-year and more than $300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November of 2021 to perform humanity's first ever test of planetary defense technology. It will be about two months, scientists said, before they will be able to determine if the impact was enough to drive the asteroid slightly off course, probably shortening its original orbit. NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026. “We've tracked lots of space rocks, especially the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully, none currently threatens Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven't yet been discovered, and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down，” explains Lindley Johnson, NASA's Planetary Defense Officer. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局实施的行星防御测试：如果发现了危险的太空岩石，最安全的解决措施就是利用小型航天器与其撞击，使其偏离轨道。 5 6 7 8 5．How did scientists know the craft hit the asteroid successfully? A．The signal from the craft was lost as it hit the target. B．They recorded the whole process with a telescope. C．The little spot on the screen suddenly disappeared. D．They monitored the craft with satellites in space. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target”可知，飞行器成功击中目标后，飞行器的信号消失。故选A项。 5 6 7 8 6．What is the purpose of launching the spacecraft? A．To search for evidence of alien life. B．To end the asteroid's threat to Earth. C.To save the world and deliver a drama. D．To test technology for defending Earth. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，这次撞击是美国国家航空航天局双小行星重定向测试的最关键测试。这个于2021年11月发射的航天器历时7年、耗资超过3亿美元，其目的就是进行人类第一次行星防御技术测试。故选D项。 5 6 7 8 7．What can be inferred about Dimorphos? A．It is a dangerous incoming space rock. B．It is an egg-shaped asteroid around Earth. C．It may orbit the same asteroid after the hit. D．It is expected to blow up after the impact. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段至第五段可知，美国国家航空航天局用一艘航天器撞向一颗名为Dimorphos的小行星，这颗小行星围绕另一颗较大的小行星运行，这次撞击是为了推动它偏离轨道，撞击是成功的，因此推断，撞击后，它很可能绕着同一颗小行星运行。故选C项。 5 6 7 8 8．Which statement will Lindley Johnson probably agree with? A．Asteroids are equally destructive whatever the size. B．NEO Surveyor is expected to track smaller asteroids. C．Larger asteroids will no longer threaten Earth. D．NASA is responsible for the safety of Earth. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，美国国家航空航天局计划在2026年发射一架名为“近地天体勘测者”的小行星搜寻太空望远镜。结合especially the larger ones可知，研究人员之前主要研究大行星，但其实未被发现的小行星才是对地球有威胁的。由此推断，“近地天体勘测者”的目标应该是发现相对比较小的行星。故选B项。 5 6 7 8 C Salad is good for you, generally speaking, so growing fresh greens in orbit seems like a winning way for space workers to stay healthy.New research suggests that as nutritious as space salad might be, it could pose something of a risk to astronauts. The problem is growing leafy plants like lettuce (生菜) in space can come with a side dish of bacteria (细菌), according to a new study from a team at the University of Delaware.In tests on plants grown in modeled micro-gravity, they were shown to actually be more sensitive than normal to the Salmonella enterica (SE)(沙门氏菌). We know that the International Space Station (ISS) is home to a lot of aggressive bacteria, and if these space viruses were to cause widespread sickness in an astronaut crew, it would mean lives were at risk.“You don't want the whole mission to fail just because of a food safety outbreak，” says plant biologist Harsh Bais from the University of Delaware. Bais and his colleagues used a device to perform some clever rotation tricks in the lab, putting lettuce plants into a similar state as they would be in micro-gravity.They then added SE bacteria to the leaves.What was interesting—and surprising—was that the tiny stomata (气孔) in the lettuce opened up to allow the bacteria to get in.Ordinarily, the job of the stomata is to keep dangerous attackers out, while at the same time helping the plant to breathe. The researchers then added a more helpful species of bacteria, one that typically protects plants from external stressors.Again, the defense didn't work in microgravity—suggesting there's something about this state that disables the chemical reactions that the lettuce would normally use to keep itself safe. Add in what we know about space bacteria being particularly tricky, and this is a potential problem.The team behind the study wants to see a lot more research into making sure our foodstuffs are safe outside of orbit. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在太空种植生菜可能带来的问题，即生菜叶片可能携带病原细菌，对宇航员的健康构成威胁。 9．Why can't lettuce be grown in ISS? A.Its leaves take up too much space. B．It brings in illness-causing bacteria. C．It is only a side dish to astronauts. D．It can't grow well in micro-gravity. 答案：B 9 10 11 12 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The problem is growing...team at the University of Delaware.”可知，在国际空间站种植生菜的问题是生菜叶片可能会携带病原细菌，故选B。 9 10 11 12 10．What is Bais' attitude to growing plants in space? A．Negative. B．Sensitive. C．Enthusiastic. D．Unconcerned. 答案：A 9 10 11 12 观点态度题。根据第三段中的“You don't want the...from the University of Delaware.”可推知，Bais对于在太空种植植物的态度是消极的，故选A。 9 10 11 12 11．What did the tiny stomata do in the experiment? A．They kept lettuce from breathing. B．They ensured the safety of lettuce. C．They failed to function as expected. D．They stopped all bacteria coming in. 答案：C 9 10 11 12 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“What was interesting...the plant to breathe.”可知，实验中，气孔的功能并未如预期那样发挥作用，故选C。 9 10 11 12 12．What is a best tile for the text? A．SE, the Worst Bacteria in Space B．Greens for Salad, a Risk in Space C．Lettuce, Plant Samples Used in Space D．Food Safety, a Key Problem in Space 答案：B 9 10 11 12 标题归纳题。通读全文可推知，本文主要介绍了在太空种植生菜可能带来的问题，即生菜叶片可能携带病原细菌，对宇航员的健康构成威胁，所以短文的最佳标题为“绿色沙拉，太空中的风险”。故选B。 9 10 11 12 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了实验室培育的肉所带来的益处和问题。 For all of human history，eating meat has meant killing animals. 1 They produce meat by growing cells obtained from an animal's body. 1 2 3 4 5 A．Lab-grown meat is much more expensive now. B．When ready，lab-grown meat is formed into shapes. C．The approval launches a new era of meat production. D．It looks，smells and tastes like any other grocery store version. E．But scientists behind lab-grown meat say that's no longer necessary. F．That could also offer a solution to feeding the world's growing population. G．The typical way meat is produced now is a risk factor for the emergence of diseases. 答案：E 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文“For all of human history，eating meat has meant killing animals.”和下文“They produce meat by growing cells obtained from an animal's body.”可知，空处和上文形成转折关系，说明没有必要杀死动物就能够得到肉，并且下文中的“they”指代E项中的“scientists”。故选E。 1 2 3 4 5 Lab-grown meat，also called “cell-cultivated”or“cultured” meat，is made by feeding a mix of nutrients to animal cells in steel tanks in labs.The idea is to create an alternative to agriculturally raised meat.And unlike other meat substitutes which are made from plant proteins and other ingredients，lab-grown meat is real meat. 2 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Lab-grown meat is much more expensive now. B．When ready，lab-grown meat is formed into shapes. C．The approval launches a new era of meat production. D．It looks，smells and tastes like any other grocery store version. E．But scientists behind lab-grown meat say that's no longer necessary. F．That could also offer a solution to feeding the world's growing population. G．The typical way meat is produced now is a risk factor for the emergence of diseases. 答案：D 根据上文“And unlike other meat substitutes which are made from plant proteins and other ingredients，lab-grown meat is real meat.”可知，空处承接上文，进一步解释说明实验室培育的肉的特征，且D项中的“It”指代上文中的“lab-grown meat”。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 Recently，the U．S.Department of Agriculture (USDA) has given two companies approval to sell lab-grown chicken. 3 It's aimed at eliminating (消除) harm to animals，and reducing the environmental impacts of grazing (放牧) and growing feed for animals. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Lab-grown meat is much more expensive now. B．When ready，lab-grown meat is formed into shapes. C．The approval launches a new era of meat production. D．It looks，smells and tastes like any other grocery store version. E．But scientists behind lab-grown meat say that's no longer necessary. F．That could also offer a solution to feeding the world's growing population. G．The typical way meat is produced now is a risk factor for the emergence of diseases. 答案：C 根据上文“Recently，the U．S.Department of Agriculture (USDA) has given two companies approval to sell lab-grown chicken.”可知，空处说明这项批准的意义，且C项中的“The approval”和上文中“two companies approval”对应。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 “Everything we know about how meat can be made is going to change.But don't expect to see cultivated meat in grocery stores just yet，” said Uma Vaieti，CEO of UPSIDE Foods. 4 That's because it cannot yet be produced on the scale of traditional meat. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Lab-grown meat is much more expensive now. B．When ready，lab-grown meat is formed into shapes. C．The approval launches a new era of meat production. D．It looks，smells and tastes like any other grocery store version. E．But scientists behind lab-grown meat say that's no longer necessary. F．That could also offer a solution to feeding the world's growing population. G．The typical way meat is produced now is a risk factor for the emergence of diseases. 答案：A 根据下文“That's because it cannot yet be produced on the scale of traditional meat.(这是因为它还不能以传统肉类的规模生产)”可知，实验室培育的肉不能大规模生产，因此空处说明实验室培育的肉价格高。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 “To make cultivated meat，we need much more energy，” said Bruce Friedrich，president and founder of the Good Food Institute.However，those high energy needs will be offset (补偿) by the reduction in land and water use and other benefits.It's thought that cultured meat will be probably produced on a large scale. 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Lab-grown meat is much more expensive now. B．When ready，lab-grown meat is formed into shapes. C．The approval launches a new era of meat production. D．It looks，smells and tastes like any other grocery store version. E．But scientists behind lab-grown meat say that's no longer necessary. F．That could also offer a solution to feeding the world's growing population. G．The typical way meat is produced now is a risk factor for the emergence of diseases. 答案：F 根据上文“However，those high energy needs will be offset by the reduction in land and ...”可知，空处说明生产人造肉的好处。F项“这也可以为养活世界上不断增长的人口提供一个解决方案”符合语境。故选F。 1 2 3 4 5 $$