U2 Period Ⅴ Extended reading & Other parts-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

必修第三册 UNIT 2　Natural disasters Period Ⅴ Extended reading & Other parts 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 关键能力 互动探究 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 精读课文 理解语篇 精读课文 理解语篇 教材原文助读2 The Last Days of Pompeii (Excerpt) 　　Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803-1873) was a talented British writer who left his mark on the English language.His classic novel The Last Days of Pompeii imagines life in the ancient Roman① city of Pompeii in the year 79，when Mount Vesuvius erupted②. This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely，but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages.Since 1748，Pompeii has been systematically unearthed③.Today it is an international tourist destination④. ①Roman /ˈrʊmən/ adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n.古罗马人；罗马人 ②erupt/ɪˈrʌpt/ vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生 ③unearth /ʌnˈɜːθ/ vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 ④destination /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/ n.目的地，终点 《庞贝城的末日》(节选) 　　爱德华·布尔沃-利顿(1803-1873)是一位才华横溢的英国作家，他在英语语言上留下了他的印记。他的经典小说《庞贝城的末日》想象了79年维苏威火山爆发时，古罗马城市庞贝的生活。这场可怕的自然灾害彻底摧毁了庞贝城，但它也使这座古城在未来的岁月里保持了原样。从1748年起，庞贝被系统地发掘了出来。今天，它是一个国际旅游目的地。 Pompeii was a typical Roman city.In its little shops，its tiny palaces，its forum，its wine bars⑤，its theatre-in the energy and skill of its people，you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire.Trading ships bringing imports⑥ to the city or carrying exports⑦ overseas，along with golden pleasure boats for the rich，were crowded together in the glassy water of the port⑧.[1] The boats of the fishermen moved rapidly in all directions. Above all，the cloud-capped⑨ top of Mount Vesuvius appeared.Its ashy⑩ rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！[2] [1]现在分词短语bringing imports to...or carrying exports...在句中作后置定语修饰ships。 [2]此句是一个主从复合句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a story；what引导名词性从句，作warn的宾语。 ⑤bar /bɑː(r)/ n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；阻止 ⑥import /ˈɪmpɔːt/ n.进口产品，输入的产品；输入 /ɪmˈpɔːt/ vt.进口，引进 ⑦export /ˈekspɔːt/ n.出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出/ɪkˈspɔːt/ vt.出口，输出 ⑧port /pɔːt/ n.港口，避风港；港口城市 ⑨cloud-capped /ˈklaʊd kæpt/ adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 ⑩ashy /ˈæʃi/ adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的 　　庞贝是一座典型的罗马城市。这里的小商店、小宫殿、广场、酒吧和剧院，彰显着人们的精力和技巧，通过这些，你能看到整个罗马帝国的缩影。将进口货物带入城市或向海外出口货物的商船，与富人的黄金游船一起挤在码头光滑如镜的水面上。渔船飞快地驶向四面八方。这一切的上方是高耸入云的维苏威火山顶。火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ 　　The awful night rolled slowly away，and the dawn⑪ greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII！ The crowd looked upwards，and saw，with unspeakable fear，a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.It took the form of⑬ a huge tree：the trunk⑭，blackness，the branches，fire！ This fire moved and changed in colour with every moment：now it was wildly bright，now of a pale and dying red，and now again it burnt with an unbearable⑮ light！ [3]现在分词短语作宾语补足语。 ⑪dawn /dɔːn/ n.黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚 ⑫volcano /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ n.火山 ⑬take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 ⑭trunk /trʌŋk/ n.树干 ⑮unbearable/ʌnˈbeərəbl/ adj.难耐的，无法忍受的 可怕的黑夜慢慢消散，灰色的黎明笼罩着末日的庞贝城！忙碌的市民抬头望去，带着无可名状的恐惧，看到火山的山顶喷发出一股巨云。它的形状像一棵大树：树干呈黑色，树枝是烈火！大火蔓延，每时每刻变换着颜色：时而极为明亮，时而呈衰弱状的淡红色，时而又散发出难以忍受的亮光！ 　　The cries of women broke out⑯； the men looked at each other，but were silent.At that moment，they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet； beyond⑰ in the distance⑱，they heard the crash of falling roofs.A moment later，the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them，dark and rapid，like a river； at the same time，it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone！ Over the empty streets—over the forum—far and wide⑲—with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea-fell that awful shower！[4] [4]本句为完全倒装句式；主语为that awful shower；谓语动词为fell；表示方位的介词短语置于句首，其后用完全倒装句式。 ⑯break out 突然开始，爆发 ⑰beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ adv.在(或向)较远处；在另一边 prep.在(或向)更远处； 超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 ⑱distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 ⑲far and wide 到处，各处 女人们号啕大哭；男人们面面相觑，但没有作声。那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。片刻之后，山上的黑云像河流一样，汹涌湍急，迅速向他们滚来；与此同时，它还释放出大量的灰烬和大块燃烧的石头！可怕的熔岩雨砸下来了，落在空荡荡的街道上、广场上，到处都是，落在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响。 　　Each turned to fly—each running，pressing，pushing against the other.[5] If，in the darkness，wife was separated from husband，or parent from child，there was no hope of their meeting again.Each hurried blindly and fearfully on.So came the earthquake...and so ended life in Pompeii.[6] [5]本句是一个简单句；句中含有独立主格结构“each＋running，pressing，pushing....”作状语。 [6]本句是and连接的并列句；and前后的两个分句均为全部倒装 语序。 　　每个人都转身飞奔起来——人们奔跑着，挤来挤去，推推搡搡。在黑暗中，如果妻子与丈夫分离，或者父母与孩子分离，就没有希望再见了。每个人都恐惧地盲目奔逃。接着，地震来了……庞贝城里的生命就此终结。 　　Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place.Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday[7]； not a single colour changed on the rich pattern⑳ of its floors.In its forum，the half-finished columns㉑ seemed as if just left by the workman’s hand.Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii，the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short.[8] [7]本句是一个主从复合句；as if引导省略式方式状语从句，补全为as if they were painted yesterday。 [8]此句是一个主从复合句；句中that引导宾语从句，作remind的宾语；after引导时间状语从句。 ⑳pattern /ˈpætn/ n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 ㉑column /ˈkɒləm/ n.柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 大约过了17个世纪，人们将庞贝城从其安静的长眠之地挖掘了出来。它的墙壁很新，好像昨天被刷过一样；地板上丰富的图案没有一种颜色发生了变化。广场上半完工的圆柱好像工人刚经过手一样。在大火和火山灰吞噬庞贝城的人们很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹幸存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。 Ⅰ.厘清文章层次结构 typical ashy shooting unbearable shaking falling separated before painted remains Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案 1.How do you understand the last sentence of the first paragraph？ A. People in Pompeii were aware of the coming volcano. B. The signs of the volcano eruption were not sensed. C. The city was being destroyed completely by the volcano. D. People in Pompeii made full preparations for the danger. 答案：B 2.Which of the following best describes the people of Pompeii during the disaster？ A. Curious.　　　　　　 B. Helpless. C. Anxious. D. Humorous. 答案：B 3.Which of the following is the right order of the volcanic eruption？ a.The fire moved and changed in colour with every moment. b.The mountain-cloud rolled near，dark and rapid，like a river. c.A huge cloud shot from the peak of the volcano，looking like a huge tree. d.The earth began to shake and the sound of falling roofs could be heard. e.The earthquake came. A. a-c-b-e-d B. c-a-d-b-e C. a-b-d-e-c D. b-a-e-c-d 答案：B 4.What happened to Pompeii seventeen centuries later？ A. It was buried deep and forgotten by people forever. B. The colour faded on the rich pattern of its floors. C. It was restored to its former glory. D. It remained as it had been and could still remind people of its glorious past. 答案：D Ⅲ.课文语法填空 　　Pompeii was a typical Roman city 1._____ people could see a model of the whole Roman Empire.The ashy rocks of Mount Vesuvius in Pompeii warned people 2.___ the possible eruption. where of 　　On the last day of Pompeii，a huge cloud in the form of a tree 3.____ (shoot) from the peak of the volcano.The earth 4.______ (shake) violently.Ashes and 5._______ (burn) stones were thrown out like a shower.People ran away 6.__ all directions fearfully.Then 7._____ (come) the earthquake. 　 shot shook burning in came 　Seventeen centuries later，the 8._______ (remain) of the city were dug out.Its walls were fresh as if 9._______ (paint) yesterday and the columns seemed as if just 10.____ (leave) by the workman’s hand. remains painted left Ⅳ.句式分析和翻译 1.Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！ [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。now dark，now light作 rocks 的______，表示先后两个状态； that引导______从句，修饰先行词_______；what was to come 作 warned 的______，其中be to do结构表示_____；_______________ 表示“过去本可以做而实际并没有做”，含有轻微的责备或惋惜之意。 定语 定语 a story 宾语 将来 might have done [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ 2.The crowd looked upwards，and saw，with unspeakable fear，a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano. [句式分析]　本句为简单句。and连接两个______谓语looked和saw；saw...a huge cloud shooting...是“感官动词＋______＋_____ _______”结构；介词短语with unspeakable fear在此处作______。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 并列 宾语 宾语 补足语 状语 忙碌的市民抬头望去，带着无可名状的恐惧，看到火山的山顶喷发出一股巨云。 3.So came the earthquake...and so ended life in Pompeii. [句式分析]　本句是and连接的并列句。两个分句都为__________结构。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ 全部倒装 接着，地震来了……庞贝城里的生命就此终结。 4.Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii，the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。after引导的是__________从句；主句是______结构，其中to remind us...是不定式作__________，后面that human lives...中的that引导的是__________。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 时间状语 主谓 结果状语 宾语从句 在大火和火山灰吞噬庞贝城的人们很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹幸存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。 关键能力 互动探究 词汇识记 1.hurricane n.飓风 2.conference n.会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈 The conference to be held to discuss how to protect the biodiversity by means of law next week is of great significance. 下周将举行的会议是为了讨论如何通过法律手段保护生物多样性，这具有重要意义。 3.shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊 His situation was a great shock to us all. 他的情况对我们所有人来说都是一大冲击。 The result of competition shocked them and made them embarrassed. 比赛的结果让他们感到震惊和尴尬。 His death in a car accident was shocking and we all got shocked at the news. 他在车祸中去世令人震惊，我们都对这个消息感到震惊。 4.scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓 scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的 scared adj.惊恐的；担心的 Seeing the scary wolf，children were very scared，but some adults managed to scare the beast off. 看到这只可怕的狼，孩子们非常害怕，但一些成年人设法把它吓跑了。 5.power n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量 Nuclear power is cleaner than coal. 核能比煤炭更清洁。 The drug may affect your powers of concentration. 这种药可能会影响你的注意力集中。 6.run out of用完，耗尽 7.supply n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供 They celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food. 他们庆祝是为了表达他们对一年的食物供应的感激之情。 We are ignorant of the degree to which his experiments have supplied forceful evidence for his idea. 我们不知道他的实验在多大程度上为他的想法提供了有力的 证据。 8.donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血) donation n.捐赠物，赠送 The survey shows that 58.8 percent of respondents want to donate used clothing to people in need. 调查显示58.8％的受访者想将旧衣服捐给那些生活困难的人。 They made a generous donation to charity and won people’s respect. 他们慷慨地给慈善事业捐赠，赢得了人们的尊重。 9.charity n.慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容 The teacher assigned the most resilient student to organize the charity event. 老师指派最有韧性的学生组织慈善活动。 10.staff n.全体职工；管理人员 vt.在……工作，任职于 This means it could be employed on high-tech alarms and motion sensors，or to alert staff when a patient is trying to get out of bed. 这意味着它可以用于高科技报警器和运动传感器，或者在患者试图下床时提醒工作人员。 11.slide n.幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩 vi.& vt.滑行；逐渐陷入 Exhausted after the journey in a capsule，Li Hua slid into bed and fell fast asleep. 乘坐太空舱旅行后筋疲力尽，李华躺在床上，很快就睡着了。 12.fund n.资金；基金 We have gained permission from the directors to use some of our funds. 我们已得到董事们的许可，可以使用我们的部分资金。 13.flood n.洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入； 充满 A wave of happiness flooded over me. 一股幸福的浪潮涌上我的心头。 14.downstairs adv.在楼下，往楼下 n.楼下 We can hear the girl play the piano downstairs almost every day. 我们几乎每天都能听到那个女孩在楼下弹钢琴。 15.document n.文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档 You must make sure that all the documents are printed out before the meeting. 你必须确保在开会前把所有的文件都打印出来。 16.honey n.(爱称)亲爱的；蜂蜜 It was too early to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed hatching.Baby bees were still in the honeycombs. 现在采蜂蜜还太早。凉爽的夏天推迟了孵化。小蜜蜂还在蜂 巢里。 17.otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外 We must hurry，otherwise we’ll miss the train. 我们必须快点，否则就赶不上火车了。 She is not very clever，but otherwise she’s a nice girl. 她不是很聪明，但在其他方面她是个好女孩。 There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise，the house was silent. 楼上有音乐在播放。除此之外，房子里一片寂静。 18.curious adj.好奇的；奇特的 curiosity n.好奇心 We were very curious about the people who lived upstairs.To satisfy our own curiosity we went upstairs to have a look. 我们对住在楼上的人很好奇。为了满足我们自己的好奇心，我们上楼去看了看。 19.Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n.古罗马人；罗马人 20.erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生 eruption n.喷发 Then a lake formed，probably after an eruption blocked some rivers or streams. 可能是在火山喷发阻塞了一些河流或溪流之后，然后形成了一个湖泊。 A nearby volcano erupted violently，sending out a hail of molten rock and boiling mud. 一座附近的火山猛烈爆发，喷出大量熔岩和沸腾的泥浆。 21.unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 In addition to the six-sheep chariot，scientists unearthed a four-wheeled wooden chariot，probably drawn by horses，equipped with a fancy umbrella. 除了六羊战车外，科学家们还出土了一辆四轮木制战车，可能是由马拉的，并配备了一个华丽的伞盖。 22.destination n.目的地，终点 With the kind man showing the way，we finally reached our destination. 有那个好心人带路，我们最终到达了目的地。 23.bar n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；阻止 Showing up right on time every night，the man has become a regular guest of the bar. 这个人每天晚上准时出现，已经成为这家酒吧的常客。 The bar chart showing the way students in the class go to school tells us that 80％ of them take a bus. 显示这个班级的学生上学方式的条形图告诉我们，他们中的80％乘公共汽车。 24.import n.进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进 The unusual designs were probably imported from abroad. 这些新奇设计可能是从国外传入的。 25.export n.出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出 So far，most of our export goods have been transported by ship. 到目前为止，我们的大部分出口货物都是用船运输的。 26.port n.港口，避风港；港口城市 London is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. 伦敦是一座古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。 27.cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 28.ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的 29.dawn n.黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚 It dawned on her that no one could give a convincing explanation for this problem. 她渐渐明白没有人能对这个问题给出令人信服的解释。 We set sail at dawn and arrived at the island by noon. 我们黎明启航，中午到达那个岛。 30.volcano n.火山 31.take the form of呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 The training programme takes the form of a series of workshops. 培训课程采取一系列研讨会的形式。 32.trunk n.树干 The machine is so powerful that it hardly takes a minute to transform giant trunks into building materials. 这台机器非常强大，几乎不需要一分钟就能把巨大的树干变成建筑材料。 33.unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的 I kept coming up with solutions，but none of them worked.My fatigue became almost unbearable. 我不断提出解决方案，但都没有奏效。我的疲劳变得几乎无法 忍受。 34.break out突然开始，爆发 35.beyond adv.在(或向)较远处，在另一边 prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 The economic growth is influenced by a large number of factors，most of which are beyond our control. 经济的增长受到很多因素的影响，它们中的大多数都不受我们的掌控。 Since the first Earth Day in 1970，the number of cities producing CO2 beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. 自1970年第一个地球日以来，排放二氧化碳超标的城市数量已从40个减少到9个。 Teachers of early reading-age children agree that rereading improves understanding beyond basic words. 早期阅读年龄儿童的老师都认为，重读可以提高基本词汇以外的理解能力。 36.distance n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 Mom was still waving as the train disappeared in the distance. 火车消失在远处时，妈妈还在挥手。 37.far and wide到处，各处 Due to its humor and irony (讽刺)，Xiangsheng has spread far and wide. 由于它的幽默和讽刺，相声已经广泛地流传开了。 38.pattern n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. 列表诗的诗行长度灵活，重复出现的短语赋予诗歌某种模式和 节奏。 39.column n.柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 Write the aspects mentioned in the left column in Activity 4. 写出活动四左栏中提到的方面。 40.rescue n.& vt.救援，营救，抢救 He determined to rescue his two countrymen. 他决心营救他的两个同胞。 41.sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强 烈的 Don’t play with the sharp knife，John，for it can hurt you sometimes. 约翰，不要玩那把锋利的刀，因为它有时会伤到你。 Nowadays，there is a sharp increase in children’s creativity，for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents. 如今，孩子们的创造力急剧增加，因为他们被大力鼓励去发展自己的才能。 42.locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) location n.地点，位置 The police identified the exact location of the murderer through accurate analysis of the clues. 警察通过对线索的准确分析，确定了凶手的确切地点。 43.retire vi.& vt.退休，退职 retirement n.退休 Mr. Zhang，whose daughter went to Tsinghua University last year，retired yesterday. 张先生昨天退休了，他的女儿去年上了清华大学。 默写练习 【限时：15分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1.______ vt.进口；引进 n.进口产品；输入的产品；输入 2.______ vt.供应，供给，提供 n.补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 3._____n.洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 4._________adv.否则，不然，除此以外 import supply flood otherwise 5.______ n. & vt.救援，营救，抢救 6.______ vt.使震惊 n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动→________ adj.令人震惊的→_______ adj.感到震惊的 7._____ vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓→______ adj.害怕的→_____ adj.恐怖的，吓人的 8.______ n.电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量→________ adj.强大的，强有力的→_________ adj.无力的 9.______v.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→________ n.捐赠，赠送 rescue shock shocking shocked scare scared scary power powerful powerless donate donation 10._______ adj.好奇的，奇特的→________ n.好奇→________ adv.好奇地 11._____ vt.& vi.(火山)爆发；突然发生→________ n.爆发；喷发 12.______ adj.遥远的，久远的→_______ n.遥远，久远；距离；疏远；差异 13._____ adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→_______ adv.急剧地，锋利地→_______ v.使锋利 curious curiosity curiously erupt eruption distant distance sharp sharply sharpen 14.______ vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)→________ n.位置 15._____ vt.& vi.退休，退职→_________ n.退休 locate location retire retirement Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1.She encourages people of all ages，especially older people，to cultivate their ________ (curious) about life. 2.Volcanic ash showered down on the town after the _______ (erupt). 3.If your pencil isn’t _____ enough，you need a pencil _________ to ________ it.(sharp) curiosity eruption sharp sharpener sharpen 4.If you keep your friends at a _______，in turn，they will be _______ towards you.(distance) 5.I’d thought I would go to see the dentist the next day，but the pain was __________ (bear). distance distant unbearable Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1.______________呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 2._________突然开始；爆发 3.___________到处，各处 4._____________躲避 5._______涌入 6._________用完，耗尽 7.______________朝着四面八方 take the form of break out far and wide stay away from flood in run out of in all directions 8.________最重要的是 9.____________在远处 10.______________ 与……分离/分隔 above all in the distance separate from... Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1.I was still sleeping when the fire ________，and then it spread quickly. 2.Residents have been told to _____________ the region where the ship was grounded. 3.The birds flew away _____________ directly when they saw a man coming near. broke out stay away from in all directions 4.Search and rescue dogs are searching ___________ for the lost people in the earthquake. 5.As the election neared，volunteers started to _______. far and wide flood in 词汇精研 1.shock n.震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊(shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的) be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊 be shocked that...对……感到震惊 in shock震惊地；处于休克状态 [教材原文] As you can imagine，it was a bit of a shock. 你可以想象得到，我当时有点震惊。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①All of us were _______ at the ________ news that such an attack should happen in this region.(shock) ②We were shocked ______ (hear) that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake.The news was __ shock to everyone. shocked shocking to hear a ③The bear tore a hole in the fence and put its head in.Elli and I were shocked. →The bear tore a hole in the fence and put its head in，___________ _________. (which引导非限制性定语从句) → ____________________________ the bear tore a hole in the fence and put its head in.(what引导主语从句) which shocked Elli and I What shocked Elli and I was that 2.scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n.恐慌；惊吓(scared adj.害怕的 scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的，引起恐慌的) scare...away/off把……吓跑 scare sb. into doing sth.恐吓/警告某人做某事 (be) scared to death吓得要死 be scared to do sth.害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of (doing) sth.害怕(做)某事 [教材原文] The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me，but I was quite frightened during the power failure. 强风和大雨并没有吓到我，但是停电的时候我很害怕。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①After watching a _____ (scare) film at the Halloween parties，she was scared ____ walking home alone. ②Pictures of diseased lungs scare people ____ quitting smoking. ③At the very moment，the helicopter arrived.It landed near our camp and its loud noises scared the bear ________. scary of into off/away ④当我意识到那头熊回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。 When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I ______ __________________. ⑤(心理描写)我胆怯地低着头，不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。 I bowed my head timidly and ____________________ my father’s cloudy face. was nearly scared to death I was scared to look at 3.power n.电，电力；能量；力量；能力；权力；政权；控制力(powerful adj.强大的；强有力的) be in power执政(强调状态) come to power开始掌权/执政(强调动作) have power over...对……有控制权，能支配 have the power to do sth.有能力做某事 [教材原文] The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me，but I was quite frightened during the power failure. 强风和大雨并没有吓到我，但是停电的时候我很害怕。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I remind myself that I have power ____ the present moment. ②We’ll work hard to make our country more ________ (power) in the future. ③那艘船抵挡不住暴风雨的威力。 The ship was helpless __________________________. over powerful against the power of the storm 4.run out of用完，耗尽 run out用完(主语为物，无被动语态) run across穿越；偶然碰到 run after追逐；追求 run away跑掉；逃走；逃避 run into撞上；遇到 ②I ran ______ an old friend of mine in the library. ③You always run ____ some difficulties at the beginning of a new job. ④(倡议书)在未来，爱护环境将变得很重要，因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。 In the future，care for the environment will become very important as ____________________________________. across into the earth’s natural resources are running out [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Local people received a lot of reliefs but now they’ve run _____. out ⑤(人物描写)耗尽了精力和耐心，简放弃了在小溪边散步，然后就睡着了。 ________________________________，Jane gave up her walking along the stream and fell asleep.(现在分词短语作状语) 【巧学助记】　run out of与run out — run out of run out 词性 及物动词 不及物动词 主语 人 时间、金钱、力气等 Running out of energy and patience 5.supply n.补给品，补给；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供(supplies 补给品) (1)supply sth. to sb.＝supply sb. with sth.＝provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb.＝offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物 (2)in short/limited supply供应不足 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The fallen leaves provide __ good supply of nutrients for the soil. ②He kept me well supplied _____ cups of coffee while I was writing the report. ③在那个国家，淡水和其他商品供应不足。 In that country fresh water and other commodities are ____________. a with in short supply 6.donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)(donation n.捐赠，捐献 donor n.捐赠者；献血者) donate sth. to...＝make a donation (of sth.) to...向……捐赠 [教材原文] Luckily，many people came to help，donating food and clothes to charities. 幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Pruitt tries to give his _________ (donate) to families that are truly struggling. ②The old man donated a lot of money ___ the school，enabling the students to return to their classroom. donations to ③政府呼吁公众向贫困儿童捐款。 →The government appeals to the public to _____________________ ________.(donate) →The government appeals to the public to _____________________ ____________.(donation) [名师点津]　donate虽然是及物动词，但不能接双宾语，而要与介词to搭配。有类似用法的词还有introduce，explain等。 donate money to the poor children make a donation to the poor children 7.curious adj.好奇的；奇特的(curiously adv.好奇地 curiosity n.好奇心) (1)be curious about sth.对某事好奇 be curious to do sth.渴望做某事 (2)out of curiosity出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously好奇地 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Many people gathered at the bar gate，curious _______ (know) what was happening. ②If you are curious _____ the history of our school，you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity！ ③To satisfy my ________，I opened my father’s drawer _________ the other day.(curious) to know about curiosity curiously ④我们对西方艺术很好奇，所以想请你做一个关于西方艺术历史的演讲。 We _________________________，so we’d like you to deliver a speech about the history of it. are curious about Western art 8.distance n.距离；遥远，久远；差异；疏远 in the distance在远处(距离很远) at/from a distance从远处，离一段距离(不是很远) at a distance of...在……远的地方 within walking distance在步行距离之内 keep one’s distance(from...) (与……)保持距离 keep sb.at a distance与某人保持一定距离 [教材原文] At that moment，they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet； beyond in the distance，they heard the crash of falling roofs. 那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Much to our delight，the sound of water ____ the distance caught our attention and drove us to the river bank. ②However，after I went to high school，somehow I became __________ (distance) from him. in distant ③我们将于下周六在一家距我们学校两公里的农场进行水果采摘活动。 We’ll hold a fruit-picking activity next Saturday on a farm which ____________________________ from our school. ④(建议信)了解到其他同学总是疏远你，我写信是为了给你一些建议。 Learning that other students always ___________________，I am writing to offer you some suggestions. is at a distance of two kilometers keep you at a distance ⑤(建议信)你也可以参观城市博物馆，从你住的酒店走着就 能到。 You can also visit the city museum，__________________________ __________ where you stay. which is within walking distance of the hotel 9.rescue n.& vt.营救，救援，抢救 come/go to the/one’s rescue搭救某人 rescue...from...从……中/处救…… [教材原文] Search and rescue robots 搜救机器人 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The firemen rescued three climbers _____ the mountain.Fortunately，these ________ (rescue) brought them back safe and sound. from rescuers ②The girl who fell into the river would have died if the young man hadn’t come ___ her rescue. ③幸运的是，当我们被困在家里时，警察救了我们。 →Luckily，__________________ when we were trapped in our house.(rescue vt.) →Luckily，_________________________ when we were trapped in our house.(rescue n.) to the police rescued us the police came to our rescue 10.locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) (location n.位置；场所) (1)be located in/on/at位于……，坐落在…… conveniently/ideally located坐落于方便的/理想的位置 well-located buildings位置好的建筑群 (2)on location在外景拍摄地 [教材原文] Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell，dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can. 因为狗体型小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快 得多。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The hostel is ______ (locate) just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. located ②On learning that an art exhibition is to be held and that you’re collecting suggestions on its _______ (locate)，we all come to life. ③这个农场位于我市郊区，有蔬菜、水果等多种农作物。 →The farm，___________________________，has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits.(locate) location located in the suburb of our city →The farm，___________________________，has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits.(situate) →The farm，_____________________________，has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits.(定语从句；lie) situated in the suburb of our city which lies in the suburb of our city 句式剖析 独立主格结构 (1)本句是一个简单句；句中“each running，pressing，pushing...”为独立主格结构。 (2)独立主格结构的构成：名词/主格人称代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。 (3)独立主格结构的语法功能：在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随等意义。 (4)独立主格结构的特点： ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同； ②当名词/代词与动词之间是主谓关系时，用现在分词形式；当名词/代词与动词之间是动宾关系时，用过去分词形式；当表示的是将来的动作时，用不定式形式； ③可置于句首或句末，多用逗号将其与句子其他成分隔开； ④在“名词＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，名词前面不用冠词，也不用任何其他修饰成分。 [教材原文] Each turned to fly-each running，pressing，pushing against the other. 每个人都转身飞奔起来——人们奔跑着，挤来挤去，推推搡搡。 [即学即练]——用独立主格结构完成句子 ①天气许可的话，我明天过来。 I’ll come tomorrow，______________________________________ weather permitting. ②办公室职员长时间坐在办公桌前，通常会受到健康问题的 困扰。 _____________________________，office workers are generally troubled by health problems. ③有那么多行李要拿，我不得不乘出租车。 ______________________，I had to take a taxi. Much time spent sitting at a desk So much baggage to carry 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The volcano _______ (喷发) in 1980，devastating a large area of Washington state. 2.Beijing has become one of China’s most popular tourist _________ ____ (目的地). 3.The newspaper has _________ (挖掘) some disturbing facts. 4.We sat around in the ___ (酒吧)，shooting the breeze. 5.The report calls for a ban on the ______ (进口) of dangerous waste. erupted destinati- ons unearthed bar import 6.A variety of heavy industries grew up alongside the ____ (港口). 7.I’m using brown paint and a paintbrush to paint the tree’s _______ (树干). 8.A dense _______ (柱状物) of smoke rose several miles into the air. 9.It had been a success far _______ (超出) their expectations. 10.It is of a _______ (模式) which does not vary，and so it is fam iliar to us all. port trunk column beyond pattern Ⅱ.选词填空 run out of，take the form of，break out，far and wide，in the distance 1.Where were you living when the war ________？ 2.As it was getting dark，the hill appeared as a black mass ________ __________. 3.If they _________ certain daily necessities，Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed. broke out in the distance run out of 4.This special kind of art can ______________ paintings，sculptures， cloth or even stickers. 5.The rescue teams looked ___________ for the missing climbers but saw no one. run out of，take the form of，break out，far and wide，in the distance take the form of far and wide Ⅲ.完成句子 1.他们高中毕业几年之后，在巴黎又偶然相遇。 Several years _______________________________，they met again by chance in Paris. 2.当她在读书的时候，她听见有人在背后叫她的名字。 While she was reading，she ___________________ from behind. 3.导演离开了会议室，好像很生气。 The director left the meeting room ____________. after they graduated from high school heard her name called as if in anger 4.由于工人们的生活条件大大改善，他们工作得更起劲了。 The workers worked harder，_______________________________. 5.窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。 ___________________________ with a magazine in his hand. their living conditions greatly improved By the window sat a young man 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Fossil hunters have _________ (earth) the bones of an elephant believed to be 500，000 years old. 2.His new book mainly took the form ___ pictures，so that it attracted many teenagers. 3.The cost of living has risen _______ (sharp). 4.They watched the bus disappear into the _______ (distant). 5.After an hour of waiting outside，the house fell apart and collapsed，looking like a dark，_____ (ash) ruin. unearthed of sharply distance ashy 6.It took _______ (rescue) 90 minutes to reach the trapped men. 7.The _______ (locate) of these beaches makes them prime sites for development. 8.She ____ (slide) out while no one was looking. rescuers location slid Ⅱ.单句写作(应用文写作——在线学习) 1.我觉得在线学习对我们学生有很大的影响。(It occurs to sb. that...) __________________________________________________________ 2.在线学习不仅开阔了我们的视野，也提高了我们的学习兴趣。(not only...but also...) __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ It occurs to me that online learning has a great effect on us students. Online learning not only broadened our horizons but also enhanced our interest in learning. 4.从长远看，这会对他们的健康造成很大的伤害。(do harm to) __________________________________________________________ What shocks us is that many students are addicted to online games. It will do great harm to their health in the long run. 3.使我们震惊的是许多学生沉溺于在线游戏。(what主语从句，shock) __________________________________________________________ 5.让我们欣慰的是，大家正尽力帮助他们改掉坏习惯。(to one’s relief) __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ To our relief，people are sparing no effort to help them get rid of the bad habit. Ⅲ.阅读理解 A 　　Large earthquakes could be identified months or even years in advance by finding unique signals，according to a new research from a team of German researchers. 　　The research suggests more exact earthquake warning systems require more local and regional sites that can find underground signals.Along with this，finding second faults (断层)after the main rupturing (破裂的) fault would further increase the exactness of these readings. 　　To find this out，the team led by Dr. Patricia Martinez-Garzon studied the Kahramanamras earthquake that shook Turkey in early 2023.They found that there was an increase in the earthshaking event rates and larger energy release starting around eight months before the earthquakes. 　　These signals were found within 65 km of the epicenter (震中).Although the main rupture occurred on a fault line and in an area that was known to be the cause of earthquakes，signals before the event took place both on the main and secondary faults，which hadn’t received much attention from scientists in the past. 　　Now，short-term prediction (预测) of earthquake size，time and location is just possible.The scientists behind this study believe that long-term finding is seminal to help build our understanding of earthquakes and future events. 　　But not everyone，including Bill McGuire，professor at UCL，agrees with how useful this could be.“While this is interesting from a scientific viewpoint，it is unlikely that knowing a big earthquake might be on the way within months or years really gets us any further forward in preparing for them，” he says.“The only useful prediction of future earthquakes is arguably the one that exactly fixes the location of a coming quake and its timing to within a few weeks，so as to move people to a safe place.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科研人员研究2023年发生在土耳其的大地震发现，通过早期发现的独特信号，可以提前知晓到即将发生的地震。 1.Why did Patricia’s team carry out the study？ A. To find more exact signals before earthquakes. B. To help the Turks in the earthquake-stricken area. C. To build the modern earthquake warning system. D. To attract the attention of scientists worldwide. 1 2 3 4 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Along with this...exactness of these readings.”和第三段中的“To find this out...Turkey in early 2023.”可推断，Patricia团队开展此次研究是为了能找到地震发生前更为精准的信号。故选A。 1 2 3 4 2.What does the underlined word “seminal” in paragraph 5 mean？ A. Wasteful.　　　　　　 B. Difficult. C. Annoying. D. Important. 1 2 3 4 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“to help build our understanding of earthquakes and future events”可知，科学家认为长期的发现对帮助我们建立对地震和未来事件的理解至关重要。画线词seminal意为“重要的”。 故选D。 3.What does Bill think of the prediction？ A. It will be put into practice soon. B. It could tell a quake a year in advance. C. It can buy us time to move safely. D. It doesn’t make any sense in reality. 1 2 3 4 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“The only useful...to a safe place.”可知，Bill认为地震监测能为我们安全转移赢得时间。故 选C。 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ A. Scientists Work Hard to Figure Out Disasters B. Hidden Signals Could Show Future Earthquakes C. German Researchers Stand Out in Natural Science D. A Deadly Earthquake Shook Turkey 1 2 3 4 答案：B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍通过监测地震信号从而提前预测地震的发生。故选B。 B 　　A possible treatment for Florida’s disastrous red tides (赤潮) took another step toward widespread use after successful testing in Sarasota Bay. 　　This study，led by UCF Assistant Professor of Biology Kristy Lewis，is the first successful test of any red tide treatment technology in open water using large water containers (容器).These containers—about six feet in diameter—extend from the waters’ surface to the ocean floor，allowing scientists to test real ocean conditions within a controlled setting.Four containers were treated with a clay (黏土) solution，while the other four served as a control. 　　The clay along with the Karenia brevis algae (海藻)，which is responsible for the red tide，is put on the ocean floor.Lewis has spent the last three years carefully testing the impact of introducing this clay into the ocean ecosystem.She not only looks for changes in the water’s quality，but also wants to know how the clay affects the health of sea life.“We want to make sure the treatment is not worse than the disease，” she says. 　　At first，the test was simply to measure the influence of the clay on the ecosystem，but an unexpected red tide event caused Lewis to make the test practical.The results suggest the clay performed as expected，but there’s still a question of whether the bad effects of algae remain active on the ocean floor.Water collected during the test should provide an answer.Next steps depend on the test results，but there are already plans to survey what happened to the clay-coated algae when it’s used near seagrass beds. 　　Visiting Sarasota，Florida，in the middle of a red tide event reminded Lewis just how important the research is to keep the state’s coast healthy.Lewis says she’s prepared to go another three years if that’s what it takes to find an acceptable solution to red tides. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于治理佛罗里达州灾难性赤潮的方法的研究。 5.What was the purpose of the study？ A. To plant more seagrass. B. To fight against red tides. C. To collect clean water. D. To produce containers. 5 6 7 8 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容和第二段中的“This study，led...large water containers.”及第四段中的“At first，the test...the test practical.”可知，该研究旨在寻求治理赤潮的方法。故选B。 6.What made Lewis redesign the test？ A. Her original work plan. B. An unforgettable tour. C. Her team’s suggestion. D. An unexpected red tide. 5 6 7 8 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“At first，the test...the test practical.”可知，一次意外的赤潮事件让Lewis做出实验调整。故 选D。 7.What does Lewis hope to do in the near future？ A. Work with the locals. B. Report Florida’s red tides. C. Further her research. D. Study seafood industry. 5 6 7 8 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“she’s prepared to...solution to red tides”可推断，Lewis希望再用三年时间进行深入研究，以找到治理赤潮的满意方案。故选C。 8.In which part of a newspaper may this text appear？ A. Nature. B. Business. C. Education. D. Lifestyle. 5 6 7 8 答案：A 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于治理佛罗里达州灾难性赤潮的方法的研究，本文可能出自一份报纸的“自然”版面。故选A。 Ⅳ.阅读七选五 　　Natural disasters are terrifying and come without warning，and this underlines the need for disaster management. Natural disasters may cause the death of crops or damage to properties without warning. Emergency management can reduce the damage and save more lives than if there are no systems set up for disaster security. There are steps to take when you plan for a natural disaster. Here’s a list of some of them： 1.Ask your local emergency management office for reminders of disasters and emergency management steps.　1　You may also request a list of emergency steps that should be done in each type of disaster. 2.Each community has its own set of emergency signals.　2　Knowing what to do at once gives you a head start in any emergency. 3.　3　Include discussions on what is likely to happen and what should be done in such cases. Plan how each one of you will react and what the responsibilities of each one are，in order to be able to work as a team. 4.Set a meeting place in case of a natural disaster. It should be one within the vicinity (附近) of your workplace or home，and one outside your immediate vicinity.　4　Agree on an emergency telephone that everyone should try to call. 5.Prepare a disaster supply toolbox. Stock it with first aid supplies.　5　Prepare emergency lights like flashlights with batteries. Include a battery-powered radio in the kit so you can listen to updates. A.Find out what they sound like and what they mean. B.Discuss the dangers of different types of natural disasters. C.Try to understand why these signals sound unfamiliar to you. D.Everyone should try to reach it when a natural disaster happens. E.Prepare some water and food that should be enough for three days. F.Find out any disaster management plan that your community has. G.This is also the best time to ask what kind of disaster may likely take place. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当你计划应对自然灾害时所要采取的步骤。 1.答案：G 解析：设空处与上下文构成的语境为：向当地应急管理办公室询问灾害提醒和应急管理措施→　1　→你也可以要求一份每一种灾难中应该采取的紧急措施的列表。设空处承上启下，G项“这也是询问可能发生何种灾难的最佳时机”符合语境。G项中的ask是复现词，what kind of disaster与空后的each type of disaster照应。 2.答案：A 解析：根据空前“Each community has its own set of emergency signals.”可知，本段主要讲述要对社区的紧急信号有所了解。A项“弄清楚它们听起来像什么以及它们是什么意思”符合语境，A项中的they指代空前句中的emergency signals。 3.答案：B 解析：结合文中第4点和第5点开头句可知，此处应选祈使句作为本段的主旨句。由空后提到“包括关于在这种情况下可能会发生什么以及应该做什么的讨论”可知，设空句应提及关键词discuss。B项“讨论不同类型自然灾害的危害”符合语境。 4.答案：D 解析：上文提到设置一个会面地点，以防发生自然灾害，它应该是一个在你的工作场所或家附近的地点，一个在你紧邻场所的外面的地点。因此设空句应进一步解释为何选择这样的地点作为会面地点，D项“当自然灾害发生时，每个人都应该设法到达那里”为合理解释，符合语境。 5.答案：E 解析：根据本段主旨句“Prepare a disaster supply toolbox.(准备一个灾难应急工具箱)”可知，在准备灾难应急工具箱时，水和食物应是必需品。E项“准备一些足够用三天的水和食物”符合语境，其中E项中的Prepare为复现词。 $$