U2 Period Ⅲ Grammar and usage-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

必修第三册 UNIT 2　Natural disasters Period Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 单元语法：To-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result (动词不定式作定语和结果状语) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] ①Egypt is not the only country to try to suspend the national Internet. ②That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. ③He hurried to the airport only to be told the plane had been put off. ④He pulled all his weight only to fail once again. 我的发现： 1.句①和句②中的动词不定式在句中作_________，分别修饰______________和_____________。 2.句③和句④中的动词不定式作__________。 后置定语 the only country a simple game 结果状语 [知识精要] 一、动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，和被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。 1.主谓关系 The future to greet us will be bright. 我们的未来会十分美好的。 He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。 2.动宾关系 The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve. 老师留给我们许多问题要解决。 He can find no one to make friends with. 他找不到可以交朋友的人。 [名师点津]　由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，因此，如果该不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 She has a child to take care of. 她有一个孩子要照看。 3.同位关系 He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly. 他没有遵守诺言定期给他的父母写信。 We students should have the courage to face any difficulty. 我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。 4.修饰关系 Now it is time to begin our class. 现在是上课的时间了。 I need somewhere to take a nap. 我需要一个地方打个盹。 二、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语多强调意外的或者不愿意看到的结果，常见于下列句型。 1.so...as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle？ 把你的自行车借给我好吗？ 2.such...as to do We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。 3....enough to do He didn’t run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快，没赶上火车。 4.only to do He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。 5.too...to do His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 他的视力太差了，不能看这么小的字。 [名师点津]　too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager，pleased，happy，ready等词，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的 意思。 The boy was too eager to get a geography book. 那个男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理书。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.The next train ________ (arrive) is from Beijing. 2.On Sundays，he always has a lot of letters _______ (write). 3.I’ve got a lot of things ______ (see) this morning. 4.I have no wish _________ (quarrel) with you. 5.Is that the way _______ (open) the can？ 6.I rushed all the way to school only _______ (find) that it was Saturday. to arrive to write to see to quarrel to open to find Ⅱ.完成句子 1.希拉和吉姆最先到的。 Sheila and Jim were ______________. 2.熊猫能够生存的土地越来越少。 Pandas have less and less land ________. 3.学习外语最好的方法就是把实践放在第一位。 __________________________________ is to put practice first. the first to arrive to live on The best way to learn a foreign language 4.他年纪太小，不能独自一人去。 He’s far _______________________. 5.请您离开时把门锁上好吗？ Would you be _______________ the door when you leave？ 6.他已经不小了，能照顾自己了。 He’s ______________________ himself. too young to go on his own so kind as to lock old enough to take care of 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. He found that the book was difficult ____________ (understand) and he decided to buy another copy instantly. 2.Of all the chairs，this one is the most comfortable _____ (sit) on. 3.There is nothing _______ (worry) about as a matter of fact. 4.I had scarcely enough drinking water ______ (last) a week. to understand to sit to worry to last 5.Don’t forget to have him ______ (come) earlier. 6.He made it a rule ______ (read) English aloud for half an hour every morning. 7.These young ladies are longing _____ (go) to watch the football match. 8.She turned up the driveway only ______ (find) her way blocked. come to read to go to find Ⅱ.单句写作 1.学一些交际的技巧很重要。 __________________________________________________________ 2.我被告知，开车要小心，速度要慢。 __________________________________________________________ 3.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 __________________________________________________________ It is important to learn some skills of communicating. I was told to drive the car carefully and slowly. It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 4.一想到楼里只有我一个人，我就害怕。 __________________________________________________________ 5.我将尽全力帮助你。 __________________________________________________________ It scared me to think I was alone in the building. I will do everything in my power to help you. Ⅲ.阅读理解 　　Earthquake prediction has long been a challenge for scientists around the globe since the geological phenomenon can occur at any time and any location with little or no warning.The chance of a powerful earthquake can only be determined through long-term forecasts in a general area or region on Earth. 　　Throughout history，no individual or group has yet successfully predicted a major earthquake：including its date and time，location and magnitude.These are the three elements essential to make an earthquake，according to the United States Geological Survey(USGS).While small earthquakes occur all the time，high-intensity earthquakes are rare but is something to watch out. 　　Now，a new study led by researchers from Pennsylvania State University found a potential solution to the dilemma of earthquake forecast：ancient underthrust rocks.Rocks buried deep in ancient subduction (俯冲) zones—where tectonic (地壳的) plates bump with each other—could help scientists make better predictions of how these zones behave during the years between major earthquakes. 　　According to the USGS，we are still uncertain how we can make such a feat and are not expecting to perfectly predict major earthquakes any time in the foreseeable future. 　　Although some people in the past said they could predict earthquakes，the U.S. government agency asserts these are all failed predictions.Their predictions are neither grounded on scientific fact nor passed through the scientific method. 　　Since authorities in the field of geology and other related areas acknowledged that earthquake prediction is still far from being completed，scientists continue to further understand this mystery.Unlike weather forecasts of hurricanes and other storms，earthquakes have no concrete parameters (参数) that would indicate that they would occur in the coming hours，days，weeks or months. 　　Regardless，the Penn State researchers have made progress in the dilemma by understanding the underthrust rocks in ancient subduction zones.Determining this area could help scientists better predict the behavior of these zones during periods between major earthquakes.Evidence of their findings was based on clues from rock formations in Alaska and Japan. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过研究古老的俯冲岩石来预测地震的方法。 1.What is the hard nut as to earthquake prediction？ A. Earthquakes often occur in unexpected areas. B. No scientists can tell how earthquakes happen. C. The geological structure is too complicated. D. It is hard to predict earthquakes accurately. 1 2 3 4 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可推知，要准确预测地震的发生时间、地点和震级很难。故选D项。 2.What does the underlined part in paragraph 4 mean？ A. Take actions.　　　　　　 B. Achieve success. C. Adopt measures. D. Face challenges. 1 2 3 4 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句可知，作者仍然觉得现阶段无法成功地准确预测大地震，而这句话和画线词组为并列结构，应该传递的是一致的含义。由此可知，画线词组make such a feat与achieve success“取得成功”意思一致。故选B项。 3.Why can hurricanes be accurately forecasted？ A. Because they can be tracked through the specific data. B. Because they usually happen in some particular places. C. Because they can be confirmed by the practical experience. D. Because they often take place during hot summer time. 1 2 3 4 答案：A 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句可知，与飓风和其他风暴的天气预报不同，地震无法预测是因为没有具体参数作参照。由此可知，飓风等能预测是因为能够根据具体参数展开分析等。故选 A项。 4.What is the best title for the text？ A. Ancient Underthrust Rocks Help in Earthquake Prediction B. Earthquake Prediction Remains a Problem to Work out C. Underthrust Rocks Indicate Coming Violent Earthquakes D. Scientists Can Successfully Predict Destructive Earthquakes 1 2 3 4 答案：A 解析：标题归纳题。根据第三段第一句可知，本文以第一、二段为背景介绍地震预测难的现状，更好地引出第三段的文章主旨：古老的逆冲岩石。由此可知，A项适合作为本文最佳标题。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 Ⅳ.完形填空 　　Last week，firefighters in Lincolnshire received a call.It was about a(n) 　1　 house fire.On learning about the news，they 　2　 at once.When they arrived at the spot，they were 　3　 that the owners were away on a tour，which greatly 　4　 the firefighters’ worries.However，their lovely dog，Lottie，remained inside the house，which was really 　5　. 　　After several failed 　6　，the firefighters successfully entered the smoke-filled house through a back kitchen door and 　7　 to save Lottie. 　　While other firefighters worked tirelessly to put out the fire，Richard and Katie took care of Lottie.The normally furry white dog was now totally blackened by the smoke and even worse，she made no 　8　 when they touched her.Using a specially designed pet mask (面罩)，Lottie showed signs of 　9　 after 20 minutes.Her eyes gradually 　10　. 　　To aid Lottie further，she was then 　11　 placed in an oxygen tent overnight and was expected to regain her full health. 　　Reflecting on the operation，Kenny McLaughlin，the Crew Manager at Lincoln South fire station and incident commander，couldn’t hide his 　12　 for his team. 　　“Our firefighters’ immediate response is worth 　13　.Nobody hesitated when it comes to our duty of 　14　 people and animals from burning houses，but at the same time we 　15　 the danger it means to both us and those trapped in the fire.In this case，Lottie was lucky enough to keep alive.” 　　So far，the cause of the fire has still been unknown. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了林肯郡的消防队员在灭火过程中营救一条狗的故事。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1.A. unfamiliar B. sudden C. expected D. previous 答案：B 解析：根据常识和上文“firefighters in Lincolnshire received a call”可知，火灾是突然发生的。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2.A. turned around B. broke down C. set off D. gave up 答案：C 解析：根据上文“On learning about the news”可知，消防员一听到火灾的消息，立刻出发。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3.A. informed B. promised C. warned D. taught 答案：A 解析：根据下文“that the owners were away on a tour”可知，主人外出旅游的消息是有人告诉消防员的。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4.A. proved B. increased C. replaced D. relieved 答案：D 解析：根据上文“that the owners were away on a tour”可知，火灾中没有人员被困，消防员感到轻松。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5.A. unnecessary B. unlucky C. unavoidable D. unbelievable 答案：B 解析：根据上文“their lovely dog，Lottie，remained inside the house”可知，他们的爱狗被困在火灾中，这也是不幸的。故选 B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6.A. attempts B. experiments C. comparisons D. examinations 答案：A 解析：根据下文“the firefighters successfully entered the smoke-filled house through a back kitchen door”可知，消防员经过几次尝试才进了房间。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7.A. remembered B. happened C. managed D. hesitated 答案：C 解析：根据下文“to save Lottie”可知，他们进了房间，设法营救那条狗。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8.A. mistake B. reaction C. progress D. difference 答案：B 解析：根据上文“The normally furry white dog was now totally blackened by the smoke and even worse”和下文“when they touched her”可知，狗被烟熏的晕过去了，碰它没有反应。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9.A. satisfaction B. aging C. success D. recovery 答案：D 解析：根据上文“Using a specially designed pet mask”可知，经过特殊处理，狗才有了恢复的迹象。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10.A. opened B. narrowed C. watered D. lowered 答案：A 解析：根据上文“Using a specially designed pet mask，Lottie showed signs of 　9　 after 20 minutes.”可知，狗有了恢复的迹象，慢慢睁开眼睛。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11.A. bravely B. secretly C. carefully D. accidentally 答案：C 解析：根据上文“The normally furry...when they touched her.”可知，狗被烟熏受伤，被小心地放进一个氧气帐篷。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12.A. responsibility B. admiration C. pity D. desire 答案：B 解析：根据下文“Nobody hesitated when...from burning houses”可知，消防员们毫不犹豫地冲进房间拯救生命，他对自己的团队很赞赏。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13.A. checking B. considering C. explaining D. praising 答案：D 解析：根据后文“Nobody hesitated when...from burning houses”可知，消防员们毫不犹豫地冲进房间拯救生命，他认为消防员值得赞扬。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14.A. saving B. comforting C. reporting D. following 答案：A 解析：根据语境和下文“people and animals from burning houses”可知，消防员从燃烧的房屋中拯救人和动物。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15.A. remove B. control C. know D. explore 答案：C 解析：根据下文“it means to both us and those trapped in the fire”可知，消防员知道营救工作对他们和那些被困在火中的人来说意味着危险。故选C项。 Ⅴ.语法填空 　　 Wildfires have always been a 1.______________ (nature) part of life in the western United States and Canada.However，as this region grows 2.______________(hot) and drier，wildfires are growing in size，violence and speed. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国西部和加拿大的野火问题。 1.答案：natural 解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词part用形容词natural，作定语。故填natural。 2.答案：hotter 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据下文and后的并列成分为drier可知，应用比较级作表语。故填hotter。 　　The dangerous air 3.______________ (pollute) created by wildfire smoke can spread far beyond the burned region.In summer 2023，smoke from nearly 900 wildfires 4.______________ (tear) through Canada and caused air quality warnings 5.______________ affected as many as 70 million people across the eastern United States. 3.答案：pollution 解析：考查词性转换。作主语，应用名词pollution，不可数。故填pollution。 4.答案：tore 解析：考查动词的时态。tear和cause为并列谓语，且由句中的时间状语“In summer 2023”可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处填入过去式。故填tore。 5.答案：which/that 解析：考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词warnings，从句中缺主语，先行词为物。故填which/that。 　　Then there’s the destruction on the ground.In recent years，6.______________ the weather becoming severe across California，seasonal high winds have caused wildfires 7.______________ (grow) and spread at an alarming rate.California wildfires burned more than 4 million acres in 2020，8.______________ (make) 2020 the biggest fire season in state history.The Camp Fire in 2018 destroyed 9.______________average of one football field worth of land every three seconds and killed 68 people. 7.答案：to grow 解析：考查非谓语动词。cause sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“导致……”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to grow。 6.答案：with 解析：考查with复合结构。此处为with复合结构，with sb./sth. doing...表示“随着……”。故填with。 9.答案：an 解析：考查冠词。an/the average of为固定短语，表示“平均”，average的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 8.答案：making 解析：考查非谓语动词。空格处表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。 　　And it’s not just California.Oregon，Washington and Colorado have also seen explosive fires destroy homes，take away 10.______________ (life)，and force thousands to leave. 10.答案：lives 解析：考查名词的单复数。take away后接宾语，意为“夺走生命”，life表示生命时为可数名词，空前无限定词，应用复数形式。故填lives。 $$