U2 Period 3 Using language：复习被动语态-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册同步导学案配套PPT课件（外研版）

选择性必修第四册 Unit 2　Lessons in life Period 3　Using language： 复习被动语态 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 关键能力 互动探究 核心语法 专项突破 一、被动语态的构成 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成：系动词be＋过去分词。在被动语态中，by 后常跟动作的执行者。通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。 1．被动语态的时态、形式(以动词do为例) 时态形式 构成 例句 现在时 一般式 am/is/ are done A friend is never known till a man has need.[谚语]患难识挚友。 进行式 am/is/are being done He has to go to work on foot because his car is being repaired.他的车正在被修理中，因此，他得步行上班。 完成式 has/have been done I have been told that we will move to the new school next month.我被告知下个月我们将搬去新校。 时态形式 构成 例句 过去时 一般式 was/were done All the students were inspired by the inspiring speech.所有的学生都被这场鼓舞人心的演讲鼓舞了。 进行式 was/were being done The advantages and disadvantages of this machine were being discussed when I went into the meeting room.当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。 完成式 had been done When we got there，the work had been finished.我们到那里时，工作已经完成了。 时态形式 构成 例句 将来时 一般式 will/shall be done The school sports meeting will be held next week.校运动会将在下星期举行。 过去式 would/should be done The teacher told us that a new experiment would be performed the next day.老师告诉我们第二天有一个新的实验要做。 2.被动语态的特殊情况 (1)情态动词的被动语态 构成：情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词。 ◆Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted. 必须采取措施来阻止水受到污染。 ◆Nowadays，solar energy can be used to produce electricity in many countries. 现在太阳能在许多国家可以被用来发电。 (2)“get＋过去分词”式被动语态 在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词。这种形式常用来强调结果。 ◆The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. 那个男孩骑车上学时受伤了。 ◆Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。 二、主动形式表示被动意义的情况 1．连系动词(如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、remain、prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 ◆Your advice sounds practical. 你的建议听起来是可行的。 ◆Whether we can have a holiday next week remains unknown. 我们还不知道下周能否放假。 2．在want、need、require等少数表示“需要”的动词后用动词­ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 ◆The house needs cleaning (＝to be cleaned). 这栋房子需要打扫。 ◆This wall requires repairing (＝to be repaired). 这面墙需要修理。 3．当open、close、shut、lock、move、read、wash、clean、cook、sell、cut、wear、carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 ◆That kind of shirt cleans easily. 那种衬衫容易洗干净。 ◆This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 三、使用被动语态时应注意的问题 1．不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的不能用于被动语态的动词(短语)：appear、belong、disappear、come true、happen/take place/occur、remain (剩余)、last (持续)、break out、come out (出版)、come up (提出)、lose heart、run out (用完)。 ◆My money has run out.Can you lend me some? 我的钱用完了，你能借给我一些吗？ 2．在主动语态里，动词see、make、hear、watch、notice等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，必须加上to。 ◆I often hear her sing English songs. →She is often heard to sing English songs by me. 我经常听见她唱英语歌。 3．接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即直接宾语(一般指物)和间接宾语(一般指人)。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保留不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for。 ◆Her mother bought her a computer. →She was bought a computer by her mother. →A computer was bought for her by her mother. 她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。 4．将含有“动词＋介词/副词”类动词短语(如look after、put on)的主动句变为被动句时，原动词短语中的介词或副词应保留下来。 ◆The baby was taken good care of by his grandmother. 祖母把小宝宝照顾得很好。 关键能力 互动探究 stick to坚持 [教材原文] You'll never get your dream job as a market analyst if you don't stick to it. 如果你不坚持，你永远也不会得到你梦想的工作——市场分析师。 词汇精研 stick out伸出，突出 stick with 持续；坚持；留在……的记忆里 be/get stuck in...被困在…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.We got ____ (stick) in the forest. ②If you have made a plan，you must stick it and then you may find it not as difficult as it appears. ③When the doctor examined me，he asked me to stick my tongue and say “AH”． stuck to out ④这句话将伴随我余生，不断提醒我所吸取的教训以及我内心的力量。 for the rest of my life，constantly reminding me of the lessons I've learned and the strength I have within.(主旨升华) Those words will stick with me 句式剖析 现在分词 (短语)作结果状语 [教材原文] In China，a man from Jiangsu Province graduated from university at the age of 88，making him the oldest university graduate in the country. 在中国，江苏省一位88岁的老人从大学毕业，使他成为全国年龄最大的大学毕业生。 (1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语表示意料之中、自然而然的结果，分词前可加thus以示强调；常位于句末，用逗号与主句隔开。 (2)不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料或不好的结果，其前常加only表示强调。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(译林选必三U2)With technologies first researched and developed for space exploration，we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind， (make) our lives safer and easier. ②Tom came home with joy，wanting to share the good news with his family，only (find) the house empty，which made him feel a little disappointed and puzzled. making to find ③北极熊向我们逼近，把我们吓呆了，一动也不敢动。 The polar bear approached us， ，too scared to move an inch.(情绪描写) making us freeze with terror 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2024·全国甲卷)What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 2．Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations ___________ _________ (employ) only since the mid­1980s，and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 3．Nowadays，cell phones have features such as games，music and calendars and more new functions ______________ (add). be done employed have been are being added 4．The father was determined that none of his children ___________ ______ (deny) an education，so he insisted that they learn at least one new thing each day. 5．The median (中间值的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and ___________ (expect) to increase to 42 by 2050. 6．After the concert，Naomi told the family that Steve's music was beautiful and professional.It needed __________________ (share) in public. would be denied is expected sharing/to be shared 7．Don't worry.The hard work that you do now ____________ (repay) later in life. 8．By now over 400 million books written by Jack ____________ (sell).They _____ (sell) well every time each of them _______ (come) out. 9．The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________ (remain) around that level ever since. 10．After school we went to the reading­room to do some reading，only to be told that it __________________ (decorate). will be repaid have been sold sell comes has remained was being decorated Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．最近，“气候焦虑”一词被用来更好地描述我们对气候变化日益增长的担忧。 Recently the term “climate anxiety” _____________ to better describe our growing concerns about climate change. 2．人们经常听到这个女孩在她的房间里快乐地唱歌。 The girl ______________________ happily in her room. has been used is/was often heard to sing 3．这周我的洗衣机正在被维修，所以我不得不用手洗衣服。 My washing machine _______________ this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 4．下周我们学校将举办一系列以与自然和谐相处为主题的教育活动。 A series of educational activities ____________ in our school with the theme of living in harmony with nature in the coming week. is being repaired will be held 5．如果你仔细思考，这里没有什么问题难以解决。 No problem here ___________________ if you think carefully enough. is difficult to work out 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later，a six­meter­tall pavilion，inspired by The Peony Pavilion， (build) at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. was built be employed 3．(2022·全国乙卷)The more regularly they can ____________ (inspect)，the more railway safety，reliability and on­time performance (improve). 4．(2022·浙江1月卷)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane— _________________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. be inspected will be improved is viewed/has been viewed 5．When fat and salt (remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something. 6．The opinion that learning is a lifelong process __________________ (express) by education experts throughout the years. 7．Children younger than 12 (allow) only to play the game for a maximum of one hour a day，and after 9 p．m.，they would be banned from logging on. are removed has been expressed would be allowed 8．Unluckily，my friend got (stick) in the heavy traffic and I had to wait for an hour at the pickup area. 9．The woman was walking about outside the operation room，because her son (operate) on. 10．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. stuck was being operated had been trapped Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．现在汉语变得越来越受欢迎了，全世界许多学校都在教它。 Today Chinese，which around the world，is becoming more and more popular. 2．去年我们学校种了许多树和花，使我们学校成了一个美丽的花园。 Many trees and flowers last year，making our school a beautiful garden. is taught in many schools were planted in our school 3．必须采取措施阻止水被污染，因为如果这个问题继续被忽视，人类和环境的健康和福祉都将面临风险。 Something must because the health and well­being of both humans and the environment are at risk if this issue continues to be ignored. be done to stop the water from being polluted 4．由于这场严重的洪灾，这个地区三分之二的大楼需要被修理。 As a result of the serious flood，two­thirds of the buildings in the area ． 5．下周日将在学校礼堂举行一次关于中国历史的讲座。 A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next Sunday. require/need repairing/to be repaired will be given Ⅲ.语段填空 Have you ever heard of Jules Verne? Actually，he 1. ___________ (consider) to be an important author in France and most of European countries.Jules Verne was interested in science and literature from an early age.In 1847，Jules Verne 2. (send) by his family to study law at a university in Paris，but he preferred to write novels，poems and plays，especially adventure stories.His first adventure novel，Five Weeks In a Balloon，3. (publish) in 1863 and won is considered was sent was published popularity immediately.Actually，his writing career lasted for more than 40 years.Up to now，his books 4. (translate) into hundreds of languages，making him the second most translated author in the world.His creations 5. (recognize) as an inspiration for many scientists and inventors for many years.Although Jules Verne passed away in 1905，he 6. (remember) forever by the readers. have been translated have been recognized will be remembered Ⅳ.阅读理解 Standing on the shore of a lake，I can't help but marvel at the tens or hundreds of thousands of small rocks that surround my boots.They were all created from hard surfaces，their edges weakening and softening over time. And I wonder，can we learn from a pile of rocks? Even the tallest mountains have worn down；none are as tall as they were 1，000 years ago.And much like a rock，I've found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded year by year. Once，I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges.Today，after decades of the waters of life coursing over me，my edges are softer and I become more understanding.I'm less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together. But I'm not a rock.I'm a human being filled with all the drama built in my DNA. Many years ago，while traveling in the Pacific Northwest，I watched a restaurant owner ask several people to leave for not wearing masks.Not forceful and not rude.On the door read a sign: “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant.We don't like it either，but let's all do what we can to get through this abnormal situation together.” The group of young men wished to argue about the note. I sat watching，understanding both sides.I've been those guys before，using my youthful edges to chip away at the world.What I lost，however，was the ability to grow from experiences by looking through the eyes of others.In learning to be more open，I've also found more happiness and success. You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges.The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others；the latter never give an inch to accommodate others. Time，like the waters rolling against once sharp stones，changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from others' points of view. I placed a rounded stone into my jacket pocket.Mother Nature is holding class again. [语篇解读]　本篇是一篇议论文。作者将人的个性或性格比作石子，正如石子因流水冲刷而变得更加圆滑，人随着时间推移而成长，不断被磨平棱角，变得更加开明，心胸更加宽广。 1．What does the author compare the rocks to? A．Challenges we come across. B．What nature offers us. C．People's recognition. D．People's personalities. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“And much like a rock，I've found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded year by year.(很像一块石子，年复一年，我发现自己的态度变得柔和了，自己更好地理解他人的愿望也增强了)”可知，作者把自己态度、心理等的变化比作石子随着流水冲刷而变得圆滑。由此推断，作者把石子比作人的性格。故选D。 2 3 1 4 2．Why did the group of guys argue in the restaurant? A．They intended to skip out on the bill. B．They were dissatisfied with the food offered. C．They were unwilling to wear masks. D．They were not allowed to leave the restaurant. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。综合第六段第一句内容“许多年前，在太平洋西北地区旅行时，我看到一个餐馆老板要求几个人离开，因为他们没有戴口罩”和纸条上的内容“进入我们的餐厅前请戴上口罩”以及第七段内容“这群年轻人想为那张纸条争论一番”可知，这群年轻人因不愿戴口罩被要求离开餐馆，所以想为此争论一番。故选C。 2 3 1 4 3．What does the author want to tell us with this article? A．We should adjust to new conditions. B．It's necessary to consider the feelings of others. C．Be brave when in the face of difficulties in life. D．Being open and understanding brings you more happiness. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Once，I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges.Today，after decades of the waters of life coursing over me，my edges are softer and I become more understanding.”尤其是其中的“more understanding”和倒数第四段最后一句“In learning to be more open，I've also found more happiness and success.(在学习让思想更开明的过程中，我也找到了更多的快乐和成功)”，再结合作者提到的自己性格的变化和那群年轻人的例子可推断，作者想告诉我们包容和理解他人可以带来快乐。故选D。 2 3 1 4 4．What could be the best title for the text? A．Changing with Time B．Learning from Nature C．Growing from Experiences D．Seeing Things from a Different Angle 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：标题归纳题。由倒数第二段“Time，like the waters rolling against once sharp stones，changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from others' points of view.(就像水流冲刷着曾经锋利的石头一样，时间冲走了我们对从别人的角度看世界的抗拒，从而改变了我们)”可知，这是作者通过叙述个人经历和自己的思考得出的感悟：我们和曾经有棱角的石头一样，每个人都随着时间而改变。A项“随着时间改变”符合语境。故选A。 2 3 1 4 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在一个快速变化的世界里保持终身学习的重要性以及如何保持终身学习。 In a rapidly changing world it's significant to remain lifelong learners，which is a widespread recognition now.As you progress through life，you may study and work in new environments.Consequently，you 1.____________ (expose) to new ideas，beliefs，practices and learning experiences.You may one day do jobs that do not yet exist， use technologies not yet 2.____________ (develop) and resolve problems that are not yet problems! This doesn't mean that there's no need to study in school.Instead，you should acknowledge that refreshing your knowledge with lifelong learning is beneficial. 1．答案：will be exposed 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：因此，你将会接触到新的想法、信仰、习俗和学习经历。分析句子结构可知，设空处是谓语。根据上文“As you progress through life，you may study and work in new environments.”及语境可知，此处是说你可能会在新的环境中工作、学习，设空处所在句指的是在新的环境中会发生的事，即表示将来发生的事，应用一般将来时。固定搭配be exposed to...表示“接触……”，故此处应用被动语态，故填will be exposed。 2．答案：developed 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：也许有一天，你会做一些还不存在的工作，使用尚未开发的技术，解决尚未成为问题的问题！分析句子结构可知，and连接三个并列谓语may do、 (may) use和 (may) resolve，句中已有谓语，则设空处应用非谓语动词。结合句意可知，设空处作后置定语，修饰technologies，develop和其逻辑主语technologies之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填developed。 So，how can you proceed? Firstly，lifelong learning is 3.____________ attitude.Be objective and make yourself open to new knowledge and ideas.Also，develop critical thinking skills and don't 4.____________ (blind) accept new ideas.Secondly，take advantage of opportunities for lifelong learning.You could subscribe 5.__________ e­learning courses，visit the local library or learn while 6.____________ (cooperate) with others.Finally，understand that it's not sufficient to simply know something or to understand what you know，because for knowledge 7.____________ (have) concrete value，it must be applied.Importantly，after its application，you must conduct a review process of 8.____________ (analyze)，evaluation and improvement，9.____________ makes your comprehension of the world a continuous process. 3．答案：an 解析：考查冠词。句意：首先，终身学习是一种态度。由句意可知，此处用不定冠词泛指“一种”态度，且attitude以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。 4．答案：blindly 解析：考查词性转换。句意：此外，培养批判性思维技能，不要盲目接受新想法。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语修饰动词accept，应用副词，表示“盲目地”，故填blindly。 5．答案：to 解析：考查介词。句意：你可以订阅电子学习课程。subscribe to为固定搭配，表示“订阅”。故填to。 6．答案：cooperating 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：你可以订阅电子学习课程，去当地的图书馆或者在与他人合作时学习。分析句子结构可知“while 6.________ (cooperate) with others”为while引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，省略了you are，故填cooperating。 7．答案：to have 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，要明白，仅仅知道一些东西或理解你所知道的东西是不够的，因为对于知识来说，必须被应用才有具体的价值。分析句子结构可知，设空处作后置定语修饰名词knowledge，have与其逻辑主语knowledge之间是主动关系，表示将来，因此用不定式作定语。故填to have。 8．答案：analysis 解析：考查词性转换。句意：重要的是，在应用它之后，你必须进行一个分析、评价和改进的回顾过程，这使你对世界的理解成为一个持续的过程。分析句意再根据空前的介词of可知，此处用提示词的名词形式作宾语，和后面两个名词evaluation和improvement并列。由句意可知，设空处表示“分析”，故填analysis。 9．答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填which。 In conclusion，in a world of constant changes，to develop your skills，further a career，boost self­worth，renew 10.____________ (belief) and keep your mind active，you should never cease to learn. 10．答案：beliefs 解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：总之，在一个不断变化的世界里，为了发展你的技能，进一步发展你的事业，提升自我价值，更新信仰，保持你的思维活跃，你应该永不停止学习。分析句子结构可知，此处用名词作宾语；belief表示“信仰”时为可数名词，空前没有冠词等限定词修饰，应用复数形式表示泛指。故填beliefs。 $$