U3 Period 4 Developing ideas & Other parts-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（外研版）

必修第三册 Unit 3　The world of science Period 4　Developing ideas & Other parts 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 精读课文 理解语篇 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 关键能力 互动探究 进阶提升 写作微练 精读课文 理解语篇 FRANKLIN’S EXPERIMENT①： How Much Is True? Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning② has introduced③ generations of children to science. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction④ instead of fact. Part 1　教材原文助读 句中 that 引导宾语从句，suggest 在此意为“表明”，故从句使用陈述语气。 ①experiment/Ik'sperImənt/n.[C，U](科学)实验 vi.做试验 ②lightning/'laItnIŋ/n.[U]闪电 ③introduce vt.熟词生义 使初次了解，使尝试 introduce sb. to sth. 使某人初次了解某事/某物 ④fiction/'fIkʃ(ə)n/ n．[C，U]虚构的事，想象的事；[U]小说 富兰克林的实验： 有多少是真的？ 本杰明·富兰克林有关闪电的著名实验已引领一代又一代的儿童迈入科学世界。然而，新的研究表明，这一故事可能只是杜撰，而非事实。 The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. Franklin was one of them. He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to⑤ it.A metal⑥ key was attached⑦ to the string. A flash of lightning⑧ hit the kite, and electricity was conducted⑨ through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock⑩. This, he said，proved that lightning was a form of electricity. that引导表语从句。 if引导宾语从句，在此意为“是否”。 “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，a piece of string与tied之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。 ⑤tie...to...将……系在……上 ⑥metal/'metl/n.[C，U]金属 ⑦attach/ə'tætʃ/ vt.系，绑；贴 ⑧a flash of lightning 一道闪电 flash/flæʃ/n.[C]闪光，闪耀 ⑨conduct/kən'dʌkt/vt.传导(热、电) ⑩electric shock n．[C]触电，电击 这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国制宪元勋兼科学家在1752 年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。在那时，人们对于电兴趣浓厚，想要知道闪电是否真的由电产生，还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之一。他在风筝上绑了一根绳子，然后将其放上天。绳子上绑着一把金属钥匙。一道闪电击中风筝，电流通过绳子传导至钥匙上。随后富兰克林用手指触摸钥匙，感受到了电击。他说，这一实验证明闪电是电的一种形式。 For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin’s lightning experiment. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific⑪ approach to looking⑫ for the truth. Franklin, along with⑬ many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth⑭ and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions. 此处属于“more than one ＋可数名词单数”结构，意为“不止一个……”，其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ⑪scientific/ˌsaIən'tIfIk/adj.科学(上)的 ⑫approach to (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法 [拓展]表示“方式，方法”的短语荟萃： the method of/for (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法 by means of...借助……方法 in a(n)...manner 用……方法 ⑬along with...为短语介词，意为“与……一起”，用于连接两个并列的名词或代词。 [语用]along with 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和单复数要和 along with前面的词保持一致。情况相同的还有together with，as well as等。 ⑭establish the truth 证实真相 establish vt.熟词生义证实，确定 许多年来，学校都会讲授富兰克林闪电实验的故事。数代学生都曾为他的勇敢和探索真理的科学方式而惊叹不已。富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道激励了我们，并教导我们科学实验对于证实真相并促成日后的科学发现和发明而言很重要。 However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely⑮ true. Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place⑯， more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from⑰ the electric shock. 此处although引导让步状语从句；what really happened是what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。 虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的情况。 ⑮entirely/In'taIəli/adv.完全地，彻底地 ⑯take place 发生。指按计划发生的事，不用于被动语态。 [思考]我们之前还学过happen, break out, occur 的用法，请说明它们的相同之处。 ⑰die from/of...死于…… 然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。尽管已证实富兰克林进行了这一实验，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出过质疑。绳子和钥匙的相关细节是真的，不过，科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的触摸了钥匙，他肯定会因触电而亡。 Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with⑱ his theory of gravity⑲. In fact, more than one account⑳ suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof㉑ that it hit him on the head. 此处“that while...head” 为that 引导的宾语从句，该从句中又包含一个主从复合句。其中while引导让步状语从句；that it hit him on the head为同位语从句，解释说明 proof的内容。 ⑱come up with想出，想到(主意、答案等)。相当于put forward。 ⑲gravity/'ɡrævIti/n.[U]重力，引力 ⑳account/ə'kaʊnt/n.[C]记述，描述 ㉑proof/pruːf/n.[U，C]证据，证明 proof of...……的证明 There is no proof that...没有证据证明…… 科学家经常会质疑已为人接受的观点，因为他们想要查明真相。一些科学家甚至质疑过苹果掉落在了牛顿头上而促使他提出了万有引力定律的故事。事实上，不止一种说法表明，尽管牛顿确实受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明苹果砸在了他的头上。 Admittedly㉒， fiction is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more inspired by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story　. 部分否定。 　让步状语从句。 ㉒admittedly adv.(尤用于句首)诚然，无可否认 诚然，虚构的故事往往比事实更有趣。人们从富兰克林的科学探索精神受到的启发远胜于事实本身。不过，在科学领域，事实应通过实验和研究证明，我们不能全盘相信我们读到或听到的事情——哪怕它是一个精彩的故事。 Read the text and choose the best answers. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The role of the metal key. B．Franklin’s opinion about science. C．People’s different opinions on lightning. D．The purpose and process of Franklin’s experiment. 答案：D Part 2　语篇研析 2．What are people amazed by in Franklin’s story? A．His touching on the metal key. B．The stormy weather with lightning. C．His bravery and scientific approach. D．The kite with a key tied to the string. 答案：C 3．What is the purpose of the story of Newton? A．To show the accepted story is true. B．To show Newton was brave to bear the hit of an apple. C．To show Newton was lucky to find the theory of gravity. D．To show the accepted story is questioned by scientists. 答案：D 4．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．To see is to believe. B．Every extremity is a fault. C．Books should be read with reservation. D．Imagination is the source of creation. 答案：C 关键能力 互动探究 Ⅰ.核心单词 1．mental adj.精神的；精神健康的 As far as I am concerned，we can’t finish the job at the expense of our physical and mental health. 我认为我们不能以牺牲身心健康为代价完成工作。 词汇识记 2．cure n．药剂；疗法 The new medicine is seen as a potential cure for the rare disease. 这种新药被视为治疗这种罕见疾病的潜在疗法。 3．draft v．起草，草拟 n．草稿 I have finished drafting my speech and I would appreciate it if you could help polish my draft. 我已经完成了演讲稿的起草，如果您能帮忙润色一下我的草稿，我将不胜感激。 4．declaration n．声明，宣告(→declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报) declare war on...对……宣战 declare against/for...声明反对/支持…… Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution. 本杰明·富兰克林是美国开国元勋之一，并帮助起草了《独立宣言》和《美国宪法》。 5．experiment n．(科学)实验 v．进行实验(→experimental adj.实验的；试验性的) carry out/do/perform/conduct an experiment做实验 experiment with/on实验；在……上做实验 To get the perfect extract，she and her team experimented with/on thousands of herbs. 为了获得完美的提取物，她和她的团队对数千种草药进行了实验。 They were conducting a chemical experiment when the explosion broke out. 爆炸发生时，他们正在进行化学实验。 6．fiction n．虚构的事，想象的事 For years he managed to keep up the fiction that he was not married. 多年来他设法一直给人一种未婚的假象。 7．metal n．金属 This metal plate is quite beautiful，but it is rather too expensive for me. 这个金属盘子很漂亮，但对我来说太贵了。 8．attach v．系，绑；贴(→attached adj.依恋；爱慕；附属于→attachment n．依恋；爱慕；附属物) It is required that you should attach your recent photo to your application form. 按要求，你必须在申请表中附上你最近的照片。 9. flash n．闪光 The journalists are not permitted to employ a camera flash when taking photos in the museum. 记者在博物馆内拍照时不允许使用闪光灯。 10．conduct v．传导(热、电)；组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止(→conductor n．管弦乐队、合唱队等的指挥；售票员；导体；列车长) conduct an operation做手术 Compared with iron，copper conducts electricity better. 与铁相比，铜的导电性更好。 The doctors were conducting an operation on the conductor who was diagnosed with a deadly cancer. 医生们正在对被诊断患有致命癌症的列车长进行手术。 11．scientific adj.科学(上)的(→scientifically adv.科学上→scientist n．科学家→science n．科学) Scientists have found that many ocean animals are dying out and they have published their worrying findings in a popular science magazine. 科学家们发现许多海洋动物正在灭绝，他们在一本科普杂志上发表了他们令人担忧的发现。 My uncle is a famous scientist who has devoted all his life to scientific research.Influenced by him，I have chosen to be a science student in high school，wishing to be a person like him. 我的叔叔是一位著名的科学家，他把自己的一生都献给了科学研究。受他的影响，我在高中选择了理科，希望将来能跟他一样。 12．entirely adv.完全地，彻底地 Unfortunately，a failed engine plus the stormy weather ruined our holiday entirely. 不幸的是，发动机故障加上暴风雨天气彻底破坏了我们的假期。 13．account n．记述，描述；账户(→accountant n．会计；会计师) take sth. into account把……考虑在内 on account of因为，由于 on no account决不 give an account of描述 account for解释；说明；占比例 She gave me an account of your behavior yesterday.Could you account for your rude behavior that night？她向我讲述了你昨天的行为。你能解释一下你那天晚上的粗鲁行为吗？ I would appreciate it a lot if you could take my application into account. 如果你能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 On no account can the accountant work out an accurate result of that bank account. 会计无论如何都无法算出那个银行账户的准确结果。 14．proof n．证明，证据(→prove linking v．后来被发现是 vt.证明，证实) Many proofs have proved that his theory is completely reasonable. 许多证据证明他的理论是完全合理的。 15．procedure n．程序，步骤，手续 In case of fire，we must follow the emergency procedures to ensure our safety. 一旦发生火灾，我们必须遵守应急程序以确保我们的安全。 Ⅱ.阅读词汇 1．lightning n．闪电 2．gravity n．重力，引力 默写练习 【限时：10分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．________ n．精神的；精神健康的 2．______ n．药剂；疗法 3．______v．起草，草拟 4．___________ n．(科学)实验 mental cure draft experiment 5．________ n．虚构的事，想象的事 6．________n．金属 7．_______ n．闪光 8．_________ n．记述，描述 9．___________ n．程序，步骤，手续 10．conduct v．传导(热、电)；指挥→___________ n．(管弦乐队、合唱队等的)指挥；列车长；售票员；导体 fiction metal flash account procedure conductor 11．declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称→_____________ n．声明，宣告 12．attach v．系，绑；贴→__________ adj.依恋的，附属于→____________ n．依恋；(机器的)附件；附加装置；附属物 13．science n．科学→____________ adj.科学(上)的→__________ n．科学家 14．entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的→__________ adv.完全地，彻底地 15．prove v．证明是；被发现是→_______ n．证明，证据 declaration attached attachment scientific scientist entirely proof Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．In China, packets of cigarettes come with a government warning __________ (attach) to them that smoking is harmful to health. 2．From the ________ (prove) we’ve gathered，we can draw the conclusion that the chemist has broken the law. 3．She was _________ (entire) absorbed in her experiment and didn’t notice evening approaching. attached proofs entirely 4．Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to confirm a ___________(science) theory. 5．If you want to attend the concert ___________ by the famous ___________，you should book a ticket in advance.(conduct) scientific conducted conductor Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1. __________把……栓/系在……上 2．__________与……一起；连同……一起 3．__________________证实真相 4．___________发生；进行 5．____________死于 6．______________想出； 提出 tie...to... along with establish the truth take place die from/of come up with Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．After weeks of brainstorming, he ______________ a brilliant idea for the new product that would solve a long-standing problem. 2．People in the past got water by dropping a bucket ________ a rope into the well and then pulling it back up when it was full. came up with tied to 3．The accident______________ at the crossroads, causing a traffic jam for hours and forcing residents to find alternative routes to work and school. 4．Nowadays, cycling, ______________ jogging and swimming, is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 5．Lily’s father ___________ an earthquake 10 years ago. That’s why she will come to the earthquake-stricken area to serve as a volunteer. took place along with died from 词汇精研 1.attach v.系，绑；贴；使依恋；重视 [教材原句] A metal key was attached to the string. 绳子上绑着一把金属钥匙。 (1)attach sth.to sth.把……附在……上；把……固定到……上 attach importance/significance to认为……重要/有意义 (2)attached adj.(作表语)依恋的；附属于 be attached to附属于；依恋 (3)attachment n．[C]附属物；附件；[C，U]爱慕；依恋 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(北师大必修1U3)Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down ____ our front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives. ②One day，when I opened my book，I found a beautiful card __________ (attach) to the first page，giving me best wishes. to attached ③I have attached my photo ____ my last email; please check it in the ____________ (attach). ④是我们高度重视节能和环境保护的时候了。 It is high time that we ______________________________________ _______________________________．(应用文佳句之倡议信) to attachment (should) attach great importance to energy saving and environmental protection 2.come up with 提出，想出 [教材原句] Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity. 一些科学家甚至质疑过苹果掉落在了牛顿头上而促使他提出了万有引力定律的故事。 catch up with追上；赶上 put up with忍受；容忍 break up with与……分手 keep up with跟上；了解(消息、形势等) end up with以……结束 make up with与……和好 [即学即练]——补全句子/完成句子 ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Families gather for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____________ (想出). ②(人教必修1U1) I’m a bit worried about ______________________ ______________(跟上其他同学) in my advanced course, and it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework. come up with keeping up with the other students ③朋友们必须学会忍受恼人的习惯，容忍意见分歧，才能保持健康持久的关系。 Friends have to learn to _________________________ and to tolerate differences of opinions in order to maintain a healthy and long-lasting relationship. (续写佳句之主旨升华) put up with annoying habits 3.account n.[C]记述，描述；账目，账户vi.解释，说明；(数量上、比例上)占 [教材原句] In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上，不止一种说法表明，尽管牛顿确实受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明苹果砸在了他的头上。 (1)give an account of...描述…… on account of因为，由于 on no account决不(位于句首时，句子要部分倒装) take account of...＝take...into account将……考虑在内 (2)account for...是……的原因；解释；占(一定数量或比例) [即学即练]——单句语法填空/补全句子/词汇升级 ①Laura has been devoting herself to the experiment in the lab day and night for nearly a week, which accounts _____ her serious backache. ②He had to leave his beloved basketball team _____________ (因为) his injured legs. ③______________ (绝不) should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. for on account of On no account ④I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions. I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. →I sincerely hope that you will ______________________________ _______________________．I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.(应用文佳句之建议信) take my suggestions into account/take account of my suggestions 句式剖析 that引导同位语从句 [教材原句] In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上，不止一种说法表明，尽管牛顿确实受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明苹果砸在了他的头上。 (1)同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用，多用于proof、fact、news、idea、doubt、thought、question、promise、truth、report、possibility、tradition等抽象名词的后面，解释说明名词的具体内容。 (2)名词后接同位语从句时，如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导；that在从句中不作任何成分，无具体意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。 (3)引导同位语从句的连接词还有whether、what、which、when、where、why、how等。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(北师大必修2U6)However，Tu Youyou had an idea ____ Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She studied ancient Chinese medical literature and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine. ②(译林选必3U2)As we learn more about the universe, we may one day answer the question _________ there is life on other planets. that whether ③I have no idea ______ we can do with these waste materials in the future, but recycling and reusing them seems like a good start. ④听到学校篮球队赢得比赛的消息，我们都很兴奋。 We were all excited at ______________________________________ __________. (续写佳句之情绪描写) what the news that our school basketball team won the game [温馨提示]　that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别 类别 功能 引导词that的作用 同位语从句 对前面的名词进行解释说明，是名词的内容的体现 只起连接作用，不作成分，但一般不能省略 定语从句 对前面的名词进行修饰或限定 既替代先行词，又在从句中充当主语或宾语 进阶提升 写作微练 课文词汇 1．famous experiment with lightning关于闪电的著名实验 2．get an electric shock感受到电击 3．scientific approach to looking for the truth探索真理的科学方式 4．establish the truth证实真相 5．come up with the theory of gravity提出万有引力定律 实验报告描写 补充词汇 6．do/carry out the experiment做实验 7．under the instructions of sb.在某人的指导下 8．take notes (of...)做(……的)记录 9．react with...与……产生反应 10．draw/come to the conclusion得出结论 11．make good preparations for the experiment为实验做好充分准备 12．do the experiment as follows按照如下做实验 课本原句 1．People wanted to know if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else. 人们想知道闪电是否真的由电产生，还是另有源头。 2．This, he said, proved that lightning was a form of electricity. 他说，这一实验证明了闪电是电的一种形式。 3．... more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. ……不少科学家还是对事实真相提出过质疑。 其他表达 4．With the purpose of proving whether these two metals react, we are going to carry out an experiment in the lab. 为了证实这两种金属是否会发生反应，我们将在实验室进行一项实验。 5．Through the experiment, you can further learn about the theory of gravity. 通过这个实验，你可以进一步了解万有引力定律。 1．实验的目的是找出镁(magnesium)在空气中加热后，其重量是否发生变化并做好记录。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The aim of the experiment is to find out if there’s a change in weight after magnesium is heated in the air and take notes of it. 2．当所有材料都准备好了，你就可以在老师的指导下做实验了。 ________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ When all these materials are prepared, you can carry out the experiment under the instructions of the teacher. 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．(2024·全国甲卷) Born just before WWⅡ，my grandmother experienced an _________ (完全地)different childhood lifestyle from mine. 2．(2024·浙江1月卷) In the past few years, online learning has become a _____________ (重要的) part of the university and college experience. 3．This book has given us a vivid _________ (描述) of the life in the desert, which left a deep impression on us. entirely significant account 4．It is indeed an honour for China’s ___________ (科学的) research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 5．It is a common sense that water __________ (传导) heat faster than air, which is why swimming in a lake feels colder than standing in the shade on a hot summer day. 6．They were making efforts to provide __________ (准确的) weather forecasts during the Olympic Games. scientific conducts accurate Ⅱ.完成句子 1．能挣钱并不一定是衡量人生成功的标准。 Success in making money is ___________ a good criterion of success in life. 2．约翰和汤姆都不知道怎样拼写这个单词。 ___________________________ how to spell the word. not always Neither John nor Tom knows 3．我们想让人们意识到许多吸烟者死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 We want people to realize that many smokers ________________ _________ related to smoking. 4．我相信我们能想出一个更好的方法来解决这个问题。 I am sure we can ________________________ to solve the problem. die from/of the diseases come up with a better way 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(译林必修3U4) In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure _____ the disease. 2．According to a survey, the number of people _______ (die) from illnesses connected with smoking has dropped. 3．Our country attaches great importance ____ education now, which enables so many people to be well educated. for dying to 4．In the past decades we have witnessed China’s many ____________ (science) achievements, which have __________ (significant) promoted the country’s technological advancement and economic growth. 5．You are supposed to take your personality ______ account and figure out what kind of job would suit you best. 6．With a label __________ (attach) to each piece of luggage, it is easy for passengers to recognize their own luggage. scientific significantly into attached 7．Professor Zhang devoted himself __________ (entire) to the research into the history and evolution of ancient civilizations. 8．To ensure the ________ of the experiment data，you should conduct it ____________ and keep records of each procedure.(accurate) 9．The sports meeting, which was __________ (original)due last Friday, was finally delayed because of the bad weather. 10．The experts are beating their brains out trying to come up ______ a good solution to a complex environmental problem that threatens the survival of many species. entirely accuracy accurately originally with Ⅱ.完成句子 1．没有证据表明这种治疗方法对治疗癌症是有效的。(同位语从句) __________________ this treatment is effective for dealing with cancer. 2．并非每个学生都能真正意识到尊重和传播中国传统文化的重要性。(部分否定) _______________________________________________________________________ of respecting and spreading traditional Chinese culture. There is no proof that Not every student is really aware of/Every student is not really aware of the importance 3．没有动力，你既不会设定目标，更不会实现目标。(neither... nor...) Without motivation, you can ___________________________． neither set a goal nor achieve it Ⅲ.阅读理解 Sometimes a person who thinks in an unusual way can look at the world from a different point of view. Such was Richard Phillips Feynman, a role model change maker. Born in 1918, he began showing some unusual qualities. The first sign of Feynman’s unique qualities was that he hadn’t yet spoken by age three. But young Feynman showed a talent for math and engineering. He enjoyed repairing household objects, and built a simple laboratory in his room. By the time he was in high school, he was experimenting with things which were only taught to college students. After Feynman graduated from high school in 1935, he studied at the MIT. Despite the fact that his grades in science and math were “the best that we’ve seen”， according to Princeton, he was almost rejected due to his very poor grades in writing and his religion. Finally, he was accepted and continued to study physics at Princeton where he got his PhD. His lectures attracted many great scientists of the time, including Albert Einstein. At Princeton, Feynman began his most famous work: his work on nuclear weapons. He moved to a lab and not all of his work there has been released to the public, but we know he performed experiments related to uranium. After the war, Feynman taught at Cornell University, where he continued his studies. He was also awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in particle physics. Then, in 1987, Feynman developed cancer and died a year later. Though Feynman and his work are honored by physicists across the world, his personal qualities and skills are what really make him unique. Faced with all the challenges, he never gave up, doing work that he loved until the day he died. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位备受尊敬的科学家Richard Phillips Feynman, 以及他的个人经历和取得的成就。 1．What do we know about Richard Phillips Feynman from the text? A．Young Feynman showed his talent in every field. B．Feynman won the Nobel Prize after the war ended. C．Young Feynman enjoyed managing household a lot. D．Feynman was diagnosed with cancer and died at the age of 60. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“After the war, Feynman taught at Cornell University, where he continued his studies. He was also awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in particle physics.”可知， Feynman是在战后获得诺贝尔奖的。 2 3 1 4 2．Why was Feynman admitted by Princeton? A．Because his religion. B．Because he graduated from the MIT. C.Because he was very gifted in math and science. D．Because his lecture attracted many great scientists. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Despite the fact that his grades in science and math were ’the best that we’ve seen’, according to Princeton, he was almost rejected due to his very poor grades in writing and his religion.”可知， Feynman被普林斯顿大学录取是因为他在科学和数学方面很有天赋。 2 3 1 4 3．Which words can best describe Richard Phillips Feynman? A．Selfless and friendly. B．Talented and stubborn. C．Intelligent and devoted. D．Strong-willed and humorous. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“But young Feynman showed a talent for math and engineering.”以及第三段中“Despite the fact that his grades in science and math were ’the best that we’ve seen’, according to Princeton, he was almost rejected due to his very poor grades in writing and his religion.”可知， 他很聪明；结合全文可看出，Feynman从普林斯顿大学读博士到之后工作都致力于研究物理、教授物理。由此可知， Richard Phillips Feynman聪明且专注。 2 3 1 4 4．What may be the best title for the text? A．Richard Phillips Feynman’s Unusual Qualities B．Richard Phillips Feynman—A Respected Scientist C．A Touching Story About Richard Phillips Feynman D．The Influence of Richard Phillips Feynman 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文陈述可知， 作者描述了物理学家Feynman的成长过程以及伟大成就，在最后一段点出Feynman的成就举世瞩目， 被全球物理学家所敬重。由此可知， B选项最适合作为文章标题。 2 3 1 4 Ⅳ.阅读七选五 What Makes a Good Scientist? My name is Clara. I am a climate scientist studying tiny particles in the atmosphere which is a layer of gases that surrounds our planet. I have wondered what makes a good scientist. 1 Patience 2 They have patience for others, patience for themselves and patience when things go wrong. A few years ago, when I worked on a NASA mission, we sent a spacecraft to bring back a sample of an asteroid (小行星), which is one of the rocky objects that travel around the sun. The spacecraft reached the asteroid in 2018 and returned with a piece of the asteroid in 2021. Then scientists studied it. Scientific discoveries do not take place overnight. Many are small and go slowly. Missions often take years to complete. 3 Being Open to Others A good scientist has an open mind. It can be easy to ignore people you do not agree with. But we should be open to new ideas and ask people what they think. 4 Moreover, we should learn from our mistakes. Success almost never comes quickly or easily. Chances are you’ll stumble many times first, but that’s OK because making mistakes is part of learning. Curiosity Good scientists are curious, but we should also be curious in our daily life. When we are curious about other people, we can care about them. We can become more understanding. After all, it is easy to be kind. You can do it anywhere, and a kind action can make someone’s day. You don’t know what people are going through unless you find out. So, ask questions about everything. Ask your friends how they’re doing. Ask yourself what makes you feel alive. Above all, make sure to pay attention to the world and the people around you. 5 It is our superpower, and also what makes us human. A．Good scientists have patience. B．Don’t be ashamed of being curious. C．Sometimes being open can be very harmful. D．That is why having patience is so important. E．Ask your workmates to have lunch with you. F．To me, it is the same as what makes a good person. G．We should do this even when we do not agree with them. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是要成为一名优秀的科学家应该具备哪些条件。 1．答案：F 解析：根据空前“I have wondered what makes a good scientist.”可知，作者想知道成为一名优秀的科学家的条件， 所以接下来应该讲条件有哪些。F项“To me, it is the same as what makes a good person.”说明成为一名优秀的科学家的条件和成为一个好人的条件是一样的， 承接上文， 符合语境。 2．答案：A 解析：根据本段的中心词“Patience”以及空后“They have patience for others, patience for themselves and patience when things go wrong.”可知，本段是围绕着好的科学家有耐心这一点展开， 所以空处应该讲的是优秀的科学家要有耐心这一条件， A项概括全段的内容， 符合上下文语境。 3．答案：D 解析：根据空前“Scientific discoveries do not take place overnight. Many are small and go slowly. Missions often take years to complete.”可知，此处是在讲作为一名优秀的科学家要有耐心的原因，所以接下来应该对全段进行总结， D项总结上文， 同时回扣本段主题。 4．答案：G 解析：根据空前“A good scientist has an open mind. It can be easy to ignore people you do not agree with. But we should be open to new ideas and ask people what they think.”可知，我们要想成为一名好的科学家要有一个开放的心态， 所以空处应该接着说有一个开放的心态应该怎么做， G项承接上文， 而且G项中的“this”指代上文的“we should be open to new ideas and ask people what they think”， 符合上下文语境。 5．答案：B 解析：根据空后“It is our superpower, and also what makes us human.(这是我们的超能力， 也是让我们成为人类的原因)”可知，空处的主旨句应该讲我们为什么会成为人类。B项概括全段内容， 指明原因， 而且空后的“It”指代B项中的“being curious”，符合上下文语境。 $$