U1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

选择性必修第四册 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 【单元话题词汇】 Period 1　Reading and Thinking—Reading Comprehension 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 必备知识 自主探究 课时作业 巩固提升 必备知识 自主探究 Part 1　读前策略 【词汇攻略】 1．联想记忆 (1)由salary所想到的名词 ①income收入 ②pay报酬 ③wage工资 ④profit利润；收益 ⑤pension养老金，退休金 (2)“说”法荟萃的动词 ①declare 宣称；表明； 公布 ②murmur 低语；小声说 ③chat 聊天 ④speak 说；演讲；发言 ⑤inform 通知；告诉 ⑥announce 宣告；通知 ⑦whisper 小声说；耳语 ⑧claim 声称；要求 2．词根记忆 英语中带词根-ment的高频单词 ①appointment 约会；预约；委任 ②commitment 承诺；奉献 ③agreement 同意；协议 ④achievement 成就 ⑤arrangement 安排；布置 读文策略】 Compare and contrast Some words and phrases are often used to compare and contrast information. It is easier to understand two separate things by describing their similarities and differences. Paying attention to the differences can help readers find out the characters of one differing from the other. Part 2　教材原文助读   SATISFACTION① GUARANTEED (Adapted) Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots. Recently it had begun experimenting with a household② robot. It was going to be tested out③ by Larry's wife, Claire. that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a company。 ①satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物 ②household adj.家庭的；家用的 n.一家人；家庭 ③test out 测试；检验 包你满意(改编) 拉里·贝尔蒙特在一家生产机器人的公司里工作。最近，该公司开始对一款家用机器人进行试验。这项试验将由拉里的妻子克莱尔来测试。 Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip④ for three weeks，but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed. It would be a bonus⑤. However, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed⑥. His name was Tony. He seemed more like a human than a machine. He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice, although his facial expression never changed. as her husband would be away...是as引导的时间状语从句。 more...than...与其说……倒不如说…… ④on a business trip 出差 ⑤bonus/'bəʊnəs/n.意外收获；奖金；红利 ⑥alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的 alarm vt.使担心；使惊恐；害怕 n.警报；惊恐 克莱尔不想让机器人待在家里，特别是当她的丈夫将要出差三周的时候，但是拉里说服了她，他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不允许她受到伤害。这会是个意外的收获。然而，她初次见到机器人的时候就感到担心。机器人的名字叫作托尼，他看上去更像一个人，而不像一台机器。他虽然面部表情从来没有变化，但是个子高大，相貌英俊，头发平整，声音低沉浑厚。 On the second morning，Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing. She felt embarrassed⑦ and quickly told him to go. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was disturbing⑧. that looked so human是that引导的定语从句。 ⑦embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的 ⑧disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 第二天早晨，托尼给她端来了早餐，然后问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。她感到尴尬，很快就打发他走了。现在她正在被一个如此通人性的机器人照顾，这让人很不安。 One day, Claire mentioned that she didn't think she was clever. Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous⑨ that she was being offered sympathy⑩ by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity⑪ and began to trust him. He always treated her with dignity⑫. She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn't elegant enough for Larry, who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary⑬.She wasn't like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around. who wanted to improve his social position是who引导的定语从句，修饰Larry。 ⑨ridiculous /rI'dIkjələs/adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 ⑩sympathy n．同情(心) ⑪integrity /In'teɡrəti/n.诚实正直；完整；完好 ⑫dignity/'dIɡnəti/n. 庄重；庄严；尊严 ⑬salary/'sæləri/n.薪水；薪金 有一天，克莱尔说起，她觉得她自己不聪明。托尼则说，她一定是很不高兴，才会说出这样的话来。克莱尔觉得被一个机器人同情有点荒唐，但她逐渐钦佩他的智慧和正直，并开始信任他。他总是对她很尊敬。她告诉他，她很不高兴，因为对于像拉里这样很想通过更高的薪水提高社会地位的人来说，她的家也不够高雅。她跟格拉迪丝·克拉芬不一样，格拉迪丝是远近闻名的最有钱有势的女人之一。 As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant. So Claire borrowed some library books for him to read, or rather⑭， scan⑮. She looked at his fingers with wonder⑯ as they turned each page. How absurd⑰， she thought. He was just a machine. as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。 ⑭or rather 更确切地说 ⑮scan vt.细看；察看；粗略地读；浏览；扫描 ⑯with wonder 惊奇地 ⑰absurd/əb'sɜːd/adj.荒谬的；荒唐的 作为报答，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，使她变得更漂亮，使她的家变得更高雅。于是克莱尔借了一些图书馆的书给托尼阅读，更确切地说，是扫描。她惊奇地看着他的手指翻动着书页。她心想，这是多么荒谬啊，他只不过是一台机器。 Tony gave Claire a new hairstyle⑱ and improved her makeup⑲. As he was not allowed to accompany⑳ her to the shops，he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house. Claire went downtown and bought these things. She had an appointment㉑ to paint her nails㉒，then she went into an expensive clothes shop. The saleswoman㉓ there was rude to her，so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly. He spoke to the woman，who immediately changed her attitude. Claire thanked Tony，telling him that he was a “dear” .As she turned around㉔， there stood Gladys Claffern. How awful to be discovered by her，Claire thought. By the look on her face，Claire knew that Gladys thought they were in a relationship㉕. After all，she knew Claire's husband's name was Larry，not Tony. Although it was completely innocent，Claire felt guilty㉖. 现在分词短语telling him that...a “dear”作状语，表示补充说明。 there stood Gladys Claffern是完全倒装句。 ⑱hairstyle n．发型 ⑲makeup n．化妆品 ⑳accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏 ㉑appointment /ə'pɔIntmənt/n.预约；约会；委任 ㉒nail/neIl/n.指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定 ㉓saleswoman /'seIlzwʊmən/n.女售货员；女推销员 ㉔turn around 转身；转向 ㉕in a relationship 恋爱中 ㉖guilty/'ɡIlti/adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 托尼给克莱尔换了个新发型，还改进了她的妆容。由于他不能陪她去商店，他就列了一张物品清单，上面写了他装修房子所需要的东西。克莱尔去市区买了这些东西。她按预约做了美甲，然后走进一家昂贵的服装店。那里的女售货员对她很粗鲁，所以她打电话给托尼，告诉他自己受到了不礼貌的对待。他跟那个售货员通话之后，售货员立刻改变了态度。克莱尔对托尼表示感谢，并说他是个“可爱的人”。当她转过身时，格拉迪丝·克拉芬就站在那里。克莱尔想，被格拉迪丝发现了，这多么难为情啊。从她脸上的表情来看，克莱尔知道，格拉迪丝认为她有婚外情。毕竟，她知道克莱尔的丈夫叫拉里，而不叫托尼。尽管根本不是这么一回事，克莱尔还是感到内疚。 When Claire got home，she wept. Gladys was everything Claire wished to be. Tony told her she was being sensitive㉗ and was just as good as Gladys. 10 He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. 11 By that time，Tony expected that the house，which was being completely transformed㉘，would be ready. Claire wished to be是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。 10 was being是be的过去进行时，表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。 11 句中that引导宾语从句，作suggested的宾语，从句中用虚拟语气。 ㉗sensitive adj.敏感的 ㉘transform vt.转变；改变 当克莱尔回到家里，她哭了起来。她多希望能成为格拉迪丝那样的女人。托尼对克莱尔说，她这样想有点敏感，其实她就像格拉迪丝一样好。他建议克莱尔在他离开前，拉里回来的前一天晚上，邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到她家来做客。到那时，托尼期待正在彻底改造的房子能完工。 Tony worked steadily on the improvements.Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended㉙ from the ceiling 12，but she fell off the ladder. Even though Tony had been in the next room，he managed to catch㉚ her in time. 13 As he held her，she felt the warmth of his body. 14 She screamed，pushed him away, and ran to her room. 12 句中suspended from the ceiling是过去分词短语作后置定语。 13 句中even though引导让步状语从句。 14 句中as引导时间状语从句。 ㉙suspend/sə'spend/ vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 ㉚manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 托尼有条不紊地搞着装修。克莱尔试图帮忙修理悬挂在天花板上的一盏灯，但她从梯子上摔了下来。尽管托尼当时在隔壁房间里，但他还是及时赶过来把她接住了。当他抱着她时，她感觉到了他身上的温暖。她尖叫了起来，把他推开，跑回了自己的房间。 The night of the party arrived.The clock struck eight.The guests would be arriving soon，so Claire dismissed㉛ Tony for the rest of the night.At that moment，Tony took her in his arms，bringing his face close to hers. 15 She heard him declare㉜that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than㉝ just the desire to please her. Then the front door bell rang. 15 句中bringing his face close to hers是现在分词短语作伴随状语。 ㉛dismiss/dIs'mIs/ vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 ㉜declare/dI'kleə(r)/ vt.公布；声明；表明；宣称 ㉝more than 不仅仅；超过；非常 聚会的那天晚上到来了。时钟敲响八点。客人们很快就要到了，克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作。就在这时，托尼把她抱在怀里，把脸贴近她的脸。她听到他说，他第二天不想离开她，而且他不仅仅是想讨她的欢心。这时，前门的门铃响了。 Part 3　语篇研析   1．What does the text mainly tell us? The text mainly tells us about how a household ______was ________ in a family. robot tested out 2．Match the main idea of each part. Part 1 (Para.1-3)　　　A．The night before Tony left. Part 2 (Para.4-8) B．Claire's attitude to a robot at home and how she felt when she first knew Tony. Part 3 (Para.9) C．What Tony did to help Claire. 答案：Part 1　B；Part 2　C；Part 3　A 1．What did Larry Belmont think of testing out the robot in his house? A．It was an extra benefit. B．It was his responsibility. C．It helped improve his house. D．It could make Claire happy. 答案：A 2．Why didn't Claire want the robot in her house? A．She didn't like robots at all. B．She didn't like the robot's appearance. C．She was worried about being harmed by the robot. D．The robot looked like a real person. 答案：C 3．Tony did the following things to help Claire realize her dream EXCEPT ． A．making her home elegant B．giving her a new hairstyle C．improving her makeup D．going into a jewellery shop to buy her a necklace 答案：D 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Tony falls in love with Claire. B．Tony will have a rest that night. C．Tony will stay with Claire forever. D．Tony, the robot needs to be improved. 答案：A 5．Which of the following is NOT Tony's characteristic? A．Clumsy.　　　　　　　 B．Handsome. C．Helpful. D．Smart. 答案：A 6．What did Tony do when Claire fell off the ladder? ________________________________________________ 7．What happened to Tony when guests would be arriving? _________________________________________________ Tony managed to catch her in time from the next room. Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.　 8．Figure out Claire's feelings towards Tony. disliked him alarmed embarrassed admired and trusted called him a “dear” felt his warmth A household robot 1.____________ (test) out in a family.He looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth hair and a deep voice.Claire didn't like the idea put forward by her husband at the beginning, 2._______ she agreed to it at last as her husband persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her 3.____________ (harm). was tested but to be harmed At the sight of Tony, Claire was 4.________ (alarm).When Tony offered to help her with dressing, Claire felt embarrassed.Gradually, Tony began to win Claire's trust.She told Tony that she felt 5.____________ (happy) because she didn't know how to help her husband, 6._________ wanted to improve his social position.He helped Claire by 7._________(make) her home elegant, giving her a new haircut and improving her makeup.Finally, Tony suggested that she 8.____________(invite) Gladys and her friends to the house so that they could see she and her house were 9.____________ (complete) transformed. alarmed unhappy who making (should) invite completely Finally came the day when all the guests would be arriving.Tony declared that he didn't want to leave Claire, and 10.____________ he felt more than just the desire to please her. that Ⅰ.词块 1．对一个家用机器人进行试验____________________________ 2．感到害怕 _________________________ 3．在第二天早晨 _________________________ 4．使她变得更漂亮，使她的家变得更高雅 _____________________________________________ 5．陪她去商店 _________________________ 6．出差 _________________________ experiment with a household robot feel alarmed on the second morning make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant accompany her to the shops on a business trip 7．面部表情 ____________________ 8．提高他的社会地位 ____________________ 9．惊奇地 ____________________ 10．被彻底改造 ________________________ facial expression improve his social position with wonder be completely transformed Ⅱ.分析长难句 1．Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed. [句式分析]　此句为并列复合句，由but连接前后两个并列分句。as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks是__________从句；that引导的是______从句。 时间状语　 宾语 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 克莱尔不想让机器人待在家里，特别是当她的丈夫将要出差三周的时候，但是拉里说服了她，他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不允许她受到伤害。 2．Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. [句式分析]　此句为并列复合句，but引导表示______关系的并列分句；but前含有一个省略了引导词______的宾语从句，主句为____________。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ __________________________________ 转折　 that　 Claire thought 克莱尔觉得被一个机器人同情有点荒唐，但她逐渐钦佩他的智慧和正直，并开始信任他。 3．She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn't elegant enough for Larry，who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary. [句式分析]　此句为复合句，she told him是______；how引导的是______从句，其后的that引导一个原因状语从句；who是关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词________。 [自主翻译]　__________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 主句　 宾语　 Larry 她告诉他，她很不高兴，因为对于像拉里这样很想通过更高的薪水提高社会地位的人来说，她的家也不够高雅。 4．She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句，heard him declare 是“hear＋______＋____________”结构；declare后跟两个that引导的______从句，第____个that可以省略，第____个that则不可以省略，第二个从句中的to please her为动词不定式短语作desire的__________。 [自主翻译]　____________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 宾语　 宾语补足语　 宾语 一　 二 后置定语 她听到他说，他第二天不想离开她，而且他不仅仅是想讨她的欢心。 课时作业 巩固提升 阅读理解 A Tetraplegic patients(those who can't move their upper or lower body) are prisoners of their own bodies.Now a robot arm is to help them interact with their world.This research was completed by researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL).Professor Aude Billard and Jose del R．Millan worked together to create a computer program that can control a robot using electrical signals from a patient's brain. First，the user wears an EEG cap to have their electrical signals inside their brain scanned (扫描)effectively，which are then interpreted by the machine-learning algorithm (算法).The computer then sends signals to the robot arm to determine how it moves.As the robot arm performs a motion，the algorithm is looking to get feedback from the user when it makes a mistake：perhaps it moved too fast，or too violently.The end goal is that the robot can learn the right movements for a task in a given context.For example，you might want the arm to use a bit of force to throw a paper ball，but you might want it to be gentler when putting glass bottles. In the team's research，they trained the robot arm to pick up a glass.The arm would move towards the glass and the users' brain would decide if they felt it was too close or too far away.The process is repeated until the robot understands the optimal route for the individual's preference—not too close to be a risk but not so far away to waste movement. “Training an algorithm to read brain waves in a consistent fashion was the most challenging part，because the brain is not only focused on the hand but also processing many other things，”said Millan.“This means our algorithm will never be 100% accurate.” The researchers hope to eventually use their algorithm to control wheelchairs，which would allow people in wheelchairs to have greater control over their movements，speeds and general safety.However，this does require consistency over time from the algorithm. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，为了帮助四肢瘫痪的患者，科学家们发明了机器人手臂，患者可以用脑电波信号控制机器人手臂。 2 3 1 4 1．Which paragraph mentions the working process? A．Paragraph 1.　　　　 B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段主要讲述了机器人手臂的操作流程。 2．What does the underlined word“optimal”in paragraph 3 mean? A．Indirect. B．Best. C．Regular. D．Alternative. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的内容可知，既不会太近而有风险，又不会太远而浪费动作。由此可知，最终机器人会了解适合个体偏好的最佳路线，所以optimal意为“最佳的”。 2 3 1 4 3．How can the accuracy of reading brain waves be improved? A．By controlling people's brain. B．By ensuring general safety. C．By processing other information. D．By gaining data continuously. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，电脑读取脑电波的精确度永远不可能达到100%；再结合最后一段最后一句“However，this does require consistency over time from the algorithm.”可知，通过不断获取数据才能提高电脑读取脑电波的准确性，故选D。 2 3 1 4 4．What could be the best title for the text? A．This Robot Arm Can Read Your Mind B．Robot Arms Control Your Movement C．Algorithm Finds Cure for the Disabled D．Machine-learning Algorithm Can Train Robots 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，为了帮助四肢瘫痪的患者，科学家们发明了机器人手臂，患者可以用脑电波信号控制机器人手臂。故A项最适合作文章标题。 2 3 1 4 B AI is a keyword in our time.Can artificial intelligence uncover a liar? It sounds like science fiction, but such an AI system is possible.Rada Mihalcea, a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Michigan, has worked on deceit (欺骗) detection for about a decade. The first thing that researchers working on artificial intelligence and machine learning need is data.In the case of the work that Mihalcea did, they began with videos from actual court cases.For example, a defendant speaking in a trial in which he is found to have committed a crime could provide an example of deceit; they also employed words from witnesses as either example of truthful or deceitful statements.Altogether, they analyzed 121 videos—about half represented dishonest statements, and half truthful.It was this data that they used to build machine learning deceit detectors that ultimately (最终) had an accuracy rate between 60% and 75%. One thing the system noticed is the use of pronouns—people who are lying would tend to less often use the word “I” or “we”， Mihalcea explains.“Instead, people who are lying would more often use ‘you’ ‘yours’．” Besides, someone telling a lie would use “stronger words” such as “absolutely” and “very” that reflect certainty, while interestingly, people telling the truth were more likely to use words such as “maybe” or “probably”. As for gestures, she points out that someone being deceitful would be more likely to look directly into the eyes of the person questioning them.They also tended to use both hands when gesturing. However, Mihalcea's work is “far from perfection，” she admits.“As a researcher, we are content that we were able to get to 75 percent accuracy.But when looked at another way, that's an error rate of one in four.” Ultimately, she sees technology like this as being assistive for people—it could indicate that it noticed something “unusual” in a speaker's statement, and then perhaps have a person “investigate more”． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能欺骗探测器以及它是如何工作的，同时，人工智能技术可以作为人类的辅助手段。 5 6 7 8 5．How did researchers create the deceit detection using artificial intelligence? A．They interviewed criminals in court cases. B．They involved the AI system in a virtual trial. C．They employed witnesses to identify dishonest criminals. D．They fed the system with both truthful and deceitful statements. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“In the case of the work that Mihalcea did, they began with videos from actual court cases.For example, a defendant speaking in a trial in which he is found to have committed a crime could provide an example of deceit; they also employed words from witnesses as either example of truthful or deceitful statements.Altogether, they analyzed 121 videos—about half represented dishonest statements, and half truthful.It was this data that they used to build machine learning deceit detectors that ultimately had an accuracy rate between 60% and 75%.”可知，研究人员向系统输入法庭上的真话和谎言进行学习，以此训练它们的测谎能力。 5 6 7 8 6．What is a liar likely to do according to paragraph 3? A．Gesture with one hand. B．Question others directly. C．Use pronouns repeatedly. D．Speak with strong certainty. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。 根据文章第三段中的“Besides, someone telling a lie would use ‘stronger words’ such as ‘absolutely’ and ‘very’ that reflect certainty, while interestingly, people telling the truth were more likely to use words such as ‘maybe’ or ‘probably’. ”可知，撒谎者说话时措辞比较强硬，会使用“绝对、非常”等体现很强确定性的词语。 5 6 7 8 7．How does Mihalcea feel about her work? A．It completely lives up to her expectations. B．It can be used as an aid for human beings. C．It can replace human beings to uncover a lie. D．It successfully lowers the error rate of detection. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Ultimately, she sees technology like this as being assistive for people—it could indicate that it noticed something ‘unusual’ in a speaker's statement, and then perhaps have a person ‘investigate more’. ”可知，人工智能技术可以作为人类的辅助手段。 5 6 7 8 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Use of Pronouns and Gestures in Lying B．Rada Mihalcea's Research on Lie Detection by Using AI C．The Limitations of Current Lie Detection Technology D．The Accuracy Rate of Machine Learning Deceit Detectors 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段中的“Can artificial intelligence uncover a liar? It sounds like science fiction, but such an AI system is possible.Rada Mihalcea, a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Michigan, has worked on deceit detection for about a decade.”可知，本文主要介绍了 Rada Mihalcea 研究人工智能欺骗探测器的开发原理、当前的发现，以及对其评价。由此可知，选项B最适合作为本文的标题。 5 6 7 8 $$