U3 Period 5 Using Language & Other Parts-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

选择性必修第四册 UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION Period 5　Using Language & Other Parts—Language Points 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 词汇识记 1．applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏 He started to applaud and the others joined in. 他开始鼓掌，其他人也跟着鼓起掌来。 2．tax vt.对……征税；使纳税 n．税；税款 Income from sales tax went down. 来自销售税的收入下降了。 3．manned adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的 4．underwater adv.在水下 adj.水下的 The boat finally grounded on a soft，underwater bank. 那条船最终在一个松软的水下浅滩搁浅了。 5．capsule n．胶囊；太空舱 You are asked to swallow a capsule containing vitamin B. 你被要求吞下一颗含维生素B的胶囊。 6．migration n．迁移；迁徙；移居   The effects of migration are more complex than these theorists presume. 移民的影响比这些理论家假设的要复杂得多。 migrate v．迁移；移居；迁徙 7．directory n．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录 You can use a directory service to search for people on the Internet. 你可以使用目录服务在因特网上搜索人。 8．meanwhile adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下 I'm calling up, and meanwhile, I'm running out of money. 我不停地打电话，同时，我的钱也快花光了。 9．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削 Modern technology is good enough to exploit all the sea resources. 现代技术足以开发所有的海洋资源。 10．murder vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n．谋杀；凶杀   He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。 murderer n．谋杀犯 11．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠     The troops are on a mercy mission in the war zone. 部队出发救助战区民众。 merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的 merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的 12．possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制   He was also charged with illegal possession of firearms. 他还被指控非法拥有火器。 possess v．有，拥有，支配 13．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者 The worst thing you can do is underestimate an opponent. 最糟的做法就是低估对手。 14．log vt.把……载入正式记录；记录 n．正式记录；日志；原木 You need a password to log on. 登录需要密码。 15．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止 The police arrived to arrest him. 警察赶来逮捕了他。 默写练习 【限时：20分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．____________ vt.对……征税；使纳税 n．税；税款 2．____________ adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的 3．____________ adv.在水下 adj.水下的 4．____________ n．迁移；迁徙；移居 tax manned underwater migration　 5．____________ adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下 6．____________ vt.开发；利用；剥削 7．______ vt.把……载入正式记录；记录 n．正式记录；日志；原木 8．_________ n．逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止 9．____________ vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏→____________ n．鼓掌；掌声；喝彩 meanwhile exploit log arrest applaud applause 10．_______ vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n．谋杀；凶杀→____________ n．谋杀犯 11．_________ n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→____________ adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→____________ adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的 12．____________ n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→____________ vt.控制；使掌握；具有；迷住；拥有 13．____________ n．反对者；对手；竞争者→____________ vt.反对；抵制→____________ adj.反对的；截然不同的 murder murderer mercy merciful　 merciless possession　 possess opponent oppose　 opposed Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．The ___________ king showed no ________ and killed all the innocent common people，which people couldn't bear.They resisted him and didn't want to be at the ____________ of him.(mercy) 2．As a rich businessman, he was thought to ___________ lots of ____________．(possess) merciless　 mercy　 mercy possess　 possessions　 3．The ____________ had ____________ a novelist before he fled his country.(murder) 4．When he entered the hall，he was greeted by thunderous ____________．All the fans ____________ excitedly.(applaud) 5．The two ____________ were ____________ to each other's opinions.(oppose) murderer　 murdered applause　 applauded　 opponents　 opposed Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1．________________ 记者招待会；新闻发布会 2．________________ 使……流入 3．________________ 消极的循环；负循环 4．________________ 搜寻，寻找 5．________________ 残忍地；毫不留情地 6．________________ 为……的所在地 press conference spill...into negative cycle hunt for without mercy be home to 7．________________ 采取行动 8．________________ 记录新物种 9．________________ 大量的 10．________________ 有更多选择 take action log new species amounts of have more options Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．These merchants seemed to get trapped in a ________________；the more money they lost，the more goods they would prepare. 2．With trained dogs in hand，it is much easier to _____________ criminals. negative cycle hunt for 3．Because of our limited time，I strongly suggest ______________ right now to deal with this urgent matter. 4．Under the sea there are ________________ resources waiting for people to exploit. 5．The corals ________________ thousands of species so we must protect them from being destroyed. taking action amounts of are home to 词汇精研 1.mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯；恩惠 [教材原文] Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.虽然这在1982年就已被禁止了，但一些国家仍然毫不留情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。 ·have mercy on sb./show mercy to sb.怜悯/同情/可怜某人 at the mercy of 任由……摆布 without mercy残忍地；毫不留情地 ·merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 be merciful to/towards sb.对某人仁慈 ·merciless adj.残忍的；无情的 (1)_______ the mercy of the strong wind, the little trees on the top of the mountain couldn't stand up straight. (2)Her husband took away all the possessions ____________ mercy after divorce. (3)如果我们对自己的缺点视而不见，我们对别人就不会仁慈。 →If we are blind to our own faults, we ____________________ __________________．(merciful adj.) →If we are blind to our own faults, we ________________________ ______________．(mercy n．) At without will not be merciful will not show mercy to/have to/towards others mercy on others　 (4)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)很可能大卫会被其他孩子无情地嘲笑，这会把他扔进无尽的痛苦深渊。 It was likely that David ___________________________________ ___________，which would throw him into an abyss of endless misery. would be laughed at by the other kids without mercy 2.possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制 [教材原文] The sea is home to life, not human beings' possessions.海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的所有物。 ·take possession of 占有，拥有；占领 in possession of sth.占有(或拥有)某物(表示主动) in the possession of sb.为某人所有(表示被动) ·possess vt.拥有；具有；支配 (1)As the old saying goes, “A true friend is the best __________ (possess)”． (2)据说一个年轻人拥有这座大楼。 →It is said that a young man ______________________．(possess) →It is said that a young man is __________________________． (possession) →It is said that this building is ____________________________． (possession) possessions possesses this building in possession of this building in the possession of a young man 3.arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引(注意) [教材原文] A $5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the murder.已宣布悬赏500万美元以获取缉拿这名谋杀犯的线索。 ·arrest one's attention 引起某人的注意 arrest sb.for...因……而逮捕某人 get arrested 遭逮捕 ·under arrest 被捕 (1)The young man was arrested ____________ having stolen his neighbor's computers. (2)Fifteen persons were ____________ arrest because of the serious violence. (3)He ____________ (arrest) when customs officers found drugs in his bag. for under was arrested 句式剖析 1.as引导时间状语从句 [教材原文] Hopefully，as technology improves, we may have more options for managing this balance.随着技术的进步，我们有望拥有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。 ·as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。 ·as作为连词时的主要用法： ①意为“如同；按照”时，引导方式状语从句； ②意为“当……的时候；一面……一面；随着”时，引导时间状语从句； ③意为“因为；既然”时，引导原因状语从句； ④意为“尽管”时，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，可与though互换。 (1)尽管她很紧张，但她还是按照老师指示她的做了，鼓起勇气踏上舞台。由于她表演出色，观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 __________________，she did it ________________________ and gathered up her courage to step onto the stage._________________， thunderous applause burst out from the audience. Nervous as she was as her teacher instructed her As she performed well (2)随着国庆节的临近，今年我们班决定举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。 ______________________________，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important holiday this year. (3)随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。 →__________________，I gradually adapted myself to the school life.(with) →__________________，I gradually adapted myself to the school life.(as) As National Day was approaching　 With time going by　 As time went by [名师指津]　(1)as是连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。 (2)with是介词，意为“随着”，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。 2.so...that...引导结果状语从句 [教材原文] The son loved his parents so much that he promised not to swim.儿子非常爱他的父母，所以他答应不去游泳。 ·此句中的so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其句型的基本结构为： (1)Actually, there are ______ many selfless people around us that they well deserve our respect. (2)As can be seen from the picture, a young man is burdened with ______ heavy work that it seems as if he can hardly bear it any more. (3)They are ______ little boys and eat so little food that we all love them very much. so such such (4)他是如此聪明的一个男孩，以至于我们都喜欢他。 →He is ____________________ we all like him.(so...that) →He is ____________________ we all like him.(such...that...) so clever a boy that　 such a clever boy that [名师指津]　当“so＋adj./adv.”及“such...”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.他跑得那么快，远远超过了别人。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Human behavior，however，is having a detrimental impact on animal ____________ (migrate). 2．I'm not going to put myself _____ the mercy of the bank. 3．The government insists on ____________ (exploit) the west of the nation. migration at exploiting 4．A month later, Henry wasn't starved nor ____________ (arrest), but became a millionaire. 5．I applaud what you are doing—keeping a ____________ (balance) life by combining work and relaxation. arrested balanced Ⅱ.完成句子/一句多译 1．随着技术的发展和生活水平的提高，互联网已进入寻常百姓家。 ____________________________________，the Internet has entered the ordinary people's homes. 2．在签订合同三周后，你才能合法拥有这份财产。 You can't legally ____________________ the property until three weeks after the contract is signed. As technology develops and life improves take possession of 3．船的马达坏了以后，他们就只好听凭天气的摆布了。 After the boat's motor failed, ______________________________． 4．他的理论是如此的复杂，以至于很少有人能懂它。 →____________________________ very few people can understand it.(so...that...引导结果状语从句) →________________________________ very few people can understand it.(倒装) they were at the mercy of the weather His theory is so complicated that So complicated is his theory that 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The police found illegal drugs in his ____________ (拥有)during the routine traffic stop. 2．Policemen have authority to ____________ (逮捕) lawbreakers. 3．The environmental group criticized the mining company for ____________ (开发) natural resources without proper regard for the ecosystem. possession arrest exploiting 4．The police are investigating a possible link between the recent ____________ (谋杀) in the area. 5．The boxer outweighed his ____________ (对手) by 15 pounds. 6．The newspaper is proud of the depth of its __________ (报道) of international affairs. 7．The two sides pretended to be negotiating about the issue. ____________ (与此同时)，they were preparing for a war. murders opponent coverage Meanwhile 8．A good second round brought him level with the ____________ (锦标赛) leader. 9．The rescuers had to dive ____________ (在水下) to look for the drowning child. 10．The judge showed ____________ (仁慈) to the first－time offender and gave him a light sentence. tournament underwater mercy Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．They immediately reported him and had him ____________(arrest). 2．My opponent gave me a ____________ (mercy) look without saying anything. 3．With the help of the old man, the criminals were put ____________ arrest. arrested merciful under 4．When you log _____ the software system, there is a special added section of the shop interface. 5．The old man donated all his ____________ (possession) to the charity before his death. 6．The audience stayed silent, listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of ____________ (applaud) at the end. in possessions applause Ⅲ.语段记句式(用so...that及such...that的相关知识完成下面语段) 这本书如此引人入胜，以至于我放不下手，一直读到深夜。它是如此有魅力，以至于我的困意都消失了，取而代之的是无穷无尽的好奇心。每一页都蕴含着如此深刻的内涵，仿佛是在发现一个隐藏的世界，细节丰富，想象力无穷。 The book was ________________ I couldn't put it down, reading late into the night.So ______________________even my sleepiness disappeared, replaced by an endless curiosity.Every page held ________ depth ______ it felt like discovering a hidden world, _____ rich in detail and imagination. so engaging that charming was it that 　 such that so Ⅳ.阅读理解 A There's another universe not far from land.It lacks buildings, trees, cars, cell phones and the Internet.Seemingly limitless water extends uninterruptedly in all directions.Civilisation goes away, along with any sign of humanity.And it is why I'm really into sailing.I grew up around boats.My father liked sailing and built them.My older sister and I were stuffed into a car nearly every summer weekend until my late teens to make the trip from northeast Indiana to the south shore of Lake Erie in Ohio, where Talisman built by my father waited patiently through the week. As a kid, I read the adventures of Robin Lee Graham, a traveller exploring the sea alone, in the pages of National Geographic and, later, in Graham's book, Dove.However, it wasn't until about 20 years ago, well into my adulthood, that I took up sailing in a serious way.I've made voyages in fair stormy and weather, on my own boats and those of my friends, and ranging from nearshore day sails to blue－water passages. Still, I've made plenty of mistakes.While living in Asia, a sailing friend and I set off across the South China Sea and intended to get to Thailand, only to be pushed by a late－season typhoon that forced us to make landfall in Vietnam, glad to be alive. Years later, my wife and I lived aboard our 37－foot ship, Symbiosis, while we saved enough to take a two－year leave from our jobs to journey down the U．S.Atlantic coast and through the Bahamas and the Caribbean.We visited many places that never see ships or airplanes and that are nearly impossible to reach anyway other than at the helm (舵柄) of a small boat.But boats are expensive and time－consuming.After returning from the Caribbean a few years ago, we decided to sell Symbiosis, resolving instead to sail only “other people's boats”．It didn't last, though.A few months ago, we found a good deal on a smaller sailboat—easier to maintain but still capable of some short offshore journeys.I think we'll name her Talisman. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己有关航海的经历以及对航海的热爱。 1．What would the author do on summer weekends as a kid? A．He would help his father build Talisman. B．He would sail with his father and his sister. C．He would explore northeast Indiana in a car. D．He would bring human civilization to sailing. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My father liked sailing and built them.My older sister and I．..through the week.”可知，作者小时候会在夏天的周末与父亲和姐姐一起航海。 2 3 1 4 2．What can we learn about the book Dove? A．It has something to do with exploring the sea. B．It was published in National Geographic. C．It is the most famous work by Graham. D．It was an inspiration for the author's writing. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As a kid, I read the adventures...later, in Graham's book, Dove.”可推断，这本书与海上探索有关。 2 3 1 4 3．Why did the author sell his ship Symbiosis? A．It didn't function well. B．He couldn't afford to maintain it. C．He found a better one to replace it. D．It was damaged seriously during a storm. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But boats are expensive and time－consuming...resolving instead to sail only ‘other people's boats’．”可知，船是昂贵且耗时的。由此可知，作者付不起保养船的钱，所以把它卖了。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the author's main purpose in writing the text? A．To show his passion for sailing boats. B．To stress the influence of adventures on him. C．To discuss the problems of sailing on the sea. D．To share his success in exploring the world. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：写作意图题。根据第一段中的“And it is why I'm really into sailing.”和下文的描述可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是通过讲述自己的过往，展现其对航海的激情。 2 3 1 4 B New research by scientists at the University of Bristol explains how a “stop－start” pattern of evolution，governed by environmental change，could explain why crocodiles (鳄鱼) have changed so little since the age of the dinosaurs. Crocodiles today look very similar to ones from 200 million years ago.There are also very few species alive today—just 25.Other animals such as lizards and birds have achieved a diversity of many thousands of species in the same amount of time.Prehistory also saw types of crocodile we don't see today，including giants as big as dinosaurs，plant－eaters，fast runners and snakelike forms that lived in the sea. The rate of their evolution is generally slow，but occasionally they evolve more apace because the environment has changed.In particular，this new research suggests that their evolution speeds up when the climate is warmer，and that their body size increases. Lead author Dr.Max Stockdale said，“Our analysis used a machine learning algorithm (算法) to estimate rates of evolution.Evolutionary rate is the amount of change that has taken place over a given amount of time，which we can work out by comparing measurements from fossils and taking into account how old they are.For our study we measured body size，which is important because it interacts with how fast animals grow，how much food they need，how big their populations are and how likely they are to die out.” The findings show that the limited diversity of crocodiles and their apparent lack of evolution result from a slow evolutionary rate.It seems the　crocodiles arrived with an already efficient and versatile (多功能的) body　plan that doesn't require changes.This versatility could be one explanation why crocodiles survived the meteor (流星) impact at the end of the Cretaceous period，in which the dinosaurs died out.Crocodiles generally develop better in warm conditions because they cannot control their body temperature and require warmth from the environment. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。现在的鳄鱼跟两亿年前的鳄鱼看上去非常相似，是什么原因导致鳄鱼在两亿年间变化如此之小呢？ 5．What do we know about prehistoric crocodiles? A．They fed mainly on plants and lived in the ocean. B．They evolved much faster than contemporary birds. C.They were more diverse in species than present crocodiles. D．They differed greatly in appearance from present crocodiles. 答案：C 6 7 5 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There are also very few species alive today—just 25.Other animals such as lizards and birds have achieved a diversity of many thousands of species in the same amount of time.Prehistory also saw types of crocodile we don't see today”可知，现存的鳄鱼物种很少，只有25种，史前时期有很多我们今天看不到的鳄鱼。由此可以推断，史前时期的鳄鱼比现在的鳄鱼种类更多样化。 6 7 5 8 6．What does the underlined word “apace” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Naturally.　　　　　　 B．Steadily. C．Separately. D．Quickly. 答案：D 6 7 5 8 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The rate of their evolution is generally slow”和表示转折的but可知，鳄鱼的进化速度通常很慢，但有时因为环境的改变，它们的进化也会加速。由此可以猜测，画线词意为“迅速地”。 6 7 5 8 7．The body size of a crocodile has an effect on its ． A．growth rate B．food choice C．length of life D．speed of evolution 答案：A 6 7 5 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For our study we measured body size，which is important because it interacts with how fast animals grow”可知，鳄鱼的体型会影响它的生长速度。 6 7 5 8 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．What Determines Crocodiles' Body Size B．Why Crocodiles Have Changed So Little C．How Crocodiles Have Evolved Since Their Existence D．What Effects Climate Has on the Evolution of Crocodiles 答案：B 6 7 5 8 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是根据文章第一段可知，本文主要介绍了鳄鱼在两亿年间变化如此之小的原因。 6 7 5 8 Ⅴ.读后续写 Good friendship can get people through almost anything.Many times, a good friend will know what you need before you even ask for it, and they'll want to offer a helping hand.That's what happened to two friends in Caddo Hills High School.When one differently abled young man needed help, his friend went above and beyond. When Brandon and Tanner met, Brandon was using a hand－push wheelchair.The chair was becoming kind of a pain for Brandon as he had to push his way down the halls from class to class around Caddo Hills High School.“My arms would get really tired and I would have to stop and take rests，” said Brandon. Sometimes when they were together, Brandon would ask Tanner to push his wheelchair.Tanner was happy to help.Most often, Tanner would offer to help and he noticed how hard using this wheelchair was on his friend.Tanner thought that if his friend had had an electric wheelchair, life would be easier for him.But Brandon's family was unable to afford it.Seeing how much his friend struggled in his wheelchair, Tanner made up his mind to do something about it, “He's just been a really good friend and I wanted to do him a favor.I just felt like I needed to do it and I wanted to do it” Tanner explained. Then the enthusiastic high school student became devoted to getting his friend a wheelchair.He got an after－school job at an auto repair shop and he worked there every afternoon.In order to help his friend out, Tanner worked part－time for two years.All of the money he earned went towards saving for a self－powered wheelchair.That moment finally came in late February, when he would present Brandon with a life－changing gift during the school day. 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 Initially, Tanner had planned on giving Brandon all the money he had saved.__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Brandon cried when he first got the wheelchair. ________________ __________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Initially, Tanner had planned on giving Brandon all the money he had saved.That way, Brandon could buy whatever wheelchair he liked.On second thought, Tanner decided to give him an electric wheelchair as a present, in case he declined the money.With the help of his mother, Tanner found a wheelchair in an online store, which he thought would be the perfect gift for his friend.After buying the wheelchair, Tanner gave it to Brandon during the school day. Brandon cried when he first got the wheelchair.He was so grateful to his friend for the amazing act of kindness.“Wow, I can't believe he did that for me！” Brandon said, adding that it had been his dream to own an electric wheelchair.Now, it was easier for him to get around, and he wouldn't ever have to worry about his arms getting tired out again.Tanner was happy that his friend liked it.“I will help him as long as he needs me，” Tanner said, wishing more people in the world to care for the disabled. [语篇解读]　本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Tanner为了帮助他的朋友Brandon换一辆电动轮椅，利用课余时间打工两年去存钱，最终存下足够的钱给他的朋友换了一辆电动轮椅，Brandon深受感动。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由续写第一段首句内容“一开始，Tanner打算把他所有的积蓄都给Brandon”可知，第一段可描写Tanner购买电动轮椅的过程。 ②由续写第二段首句内容“Brandon第一次得到轮椅时哭了”可知，第二段可描写Brandon收到轮椅之后的感受。 2．续写线索：Brandon用手动轮椅感到累——Tanner决定帮助他——Tanner花了两年时间兼职存钱——购买电动轮椅送给Brandon——Brandon深受感动。 3．词汇激活 行为类 ①购买：buy/purchase ②拒绝：decline/refuse/reject ③拥有：own/have/possess 情绪类 ①感激：grateful/appreciative ②令人惊讶的：amazing/surprising/astonishing 【点睛】[高分句型1] With the help of his mother, Tanner found a wheelchair in an online store, which he thought would be the perfect gift for his friend.(which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] I will help him as long as he needs me.(as long as引导的条件状语从句) so＋ ·such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其句型的基本结构为： such＋ $$