U3 Period 1 Reading and Thinking-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

选择性必修第四册 UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION 【单元话题词汇】 Period 1　Reading and Thinking—Reading Comprehension 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 必备知识 自主探究 课时作业 巩固提升 必备知识 自主探究 Part 1　读前策略 【词汇攻略】 巧记单词 profession n．职业；行业＋－al(表示“……的”)→professional adj.专业的；职业的 例如：tradition n．传统→traditional adj.传统的，习俗的 【读文策略】 Identify essay types There are four major types of essay：narrative, descriptive, expository, and argumentative. A narrative essay is a story with a beginning, middle, and end. A descriptive essay describes a subject and lists interesting details. An expository essay is factual, giving information on a subject. Finally, an argumentative essay aims to convince the reader. Part 2　教材原文助读   REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA Trade and curiosity① have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. Marco Polo's tales② inspired European explorers to search③ for sea routes from west to east.However，merchants④ and explorers from the East set sail⑤ from east to west many years before Columbus first did. 句中动词不定式短语作主语。 ①curiosity n．好奇，好奇心 ②tale/teIl/n.故事；叙述 ③inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事 ④merchant /'mɜːtʃənt/ n.商人；批发商 adj.海上货运的 ⑤set sail 起航；开航(其后常用介词from/for) 横跨大海 贸易和好奇心奠定了人类最伟大成就的基础。早期文明的人们对勾勒出完整的世界版图满怀激情。马可·波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家去寻找由西方通往东方的海上航线。然而，东方的商人和探险家们早在哥伦布首次航行前很多年就已经开始从东半球向西半球航行了。 In ancient times，silk from China found its way overland to⑥ India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road.A trading route across the sea was also extended⑦ along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around⑧ Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate⑨ trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures. Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China，as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century. 句中which引导非限制性定语从句。 ⑥find one's way to... 找到去……的路 ⑦extend/Ik'stend/vt.扩展；使伸长；延长 ⑧centre around 以……为中心 ⑨negotiate /nI'ɡəʊʃieIt/ vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商 在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸开来，以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心。在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚在一起洽谈贸易，也增进了对彼此文化的了解。几个世纪以来，随着贸易的发展，中国西部地区得到了更多的探索，正如8世纪时，杜环在《经行记》中所记载的那样。 Later，the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions.Between 1405 and 1433，seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.These fleets were a sight to behold⑩ and were in a league⑪ of their own at that time.Under the command of Zheng He，they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa.African royal⑫ families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for⑬ gold，silk，and spices. Although China withdrew⑭ from further expeditions after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels⑮ between other cultures for centuries. 句中although引导让步状语从句。 ⑩a sight to behold 壮观的景象 ⑪league/liːɡ/n.等级；水平；联合会；联赛 in a league of one's own独领风骚 ⑫royal/'rɔIəl/adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的 ⑬in return for 作为……的回报 ⑭withdraw/wIð'drɔː/vt. & vi.(使)撤回；撤离 withdraw本身已包含了“……回”之意，故不能和back连用。具有类似用法的词有return, repay等。 ⑮channel/'tʃænl/ n．航道；海峡；频道 后来，明朝进一步发展了与这些地区的关系。1405年到1433年间，七支大型船队向西航行，进行贸易和探险活动。这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。在郑和的指挥下，他们从中国南海起航，穿过印度洋，到达红海入海口，然后到达了非洲东海岸。非洲皇室向船队赠送长颈鹿等礼物以示友谊，船队则回赠了黄金、丝绸和香料。虽然中国在1433年以后就停止了进一步的海上探索，但这些陆上和海上路线在接下来的几个世纪里仍然是其他文化之间进行交流的繁忙通道。 To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited⑯ with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative⑰. 句中travelled by Zheng He是过去分词短语作后置定语。 ⑯revisit vt.重游；再访；重临 ⑰initiative n．主动权；积极性；倡议 在今天，人们跨越海洋的愿望依然强烈。随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。 The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds⑱ between China and the rest of the world. Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come. China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of⑲ future trade and cultural exchange. 句中to encourage cooperation and trade是动词不定式短语作表语。 ⑱bond/bɒnd/n.纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合 ⑲for the benefit of 为了……的利益 这一倡议旨在促进具有历史意义的“丝绸之路”周边地区的合作和贸易，并加强中国与世界其他地区的联系。沿线贸易近年来大幅增长，并将在未来几年继续增长。中国已经投资了数十亿元用以建设沿线的系统和服务设施，这将有助于推动整个地区的发展，促进未来的贸易和文化交流。 China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects.Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times，there are still many other places left to explore. In recent years，China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. From a scientific point of view⑳，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. 句中to explore the Arctic是动词不定式短语作目的状语。 ⑳from a．..point of view 从一个……的角度来看 中国还与大洋彼岸的伙伴在其他重要项目上开展了合作。虽然郑和的古航路已经被重走了很多次，但还有很多其他地方有待探索。近年来，中国与其他国家一起进行了多次北极探险。从科学的角度来看，我们迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。 Hundreds of years on㉑，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance㉒relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. with the latest technology in hand是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 ㉑hundreds of years on 数百年后 ㉒enhance vt.提高；加强；增加 数百年过去了，在掌握了最新的科学技术的情况下，未来中国将不断探索海洋，进一步促进贸易，加强与其他国家的联系。 Part 3　语篇研析   1．Match the following paragraphs with their main ideas. A．The future of China to reach out across the sea. B.The meaning of trade and curiosity. C.The ancient Silk Road. D.The Ming Dynasty's relations with some regions. E.The ancient sea routes revisited. F.The aim of the Belt and Road Initiative. G.Other Chinese important projects. Para.1　___；Para.2　___；Para.3　___；Para.4　___；　 Para.5　____；Para.6　___；Para.7　___ B C D E F G A 2．What's the theme of the text about? A．Looking ahead to the exploration of the sea. B．Describing trade and curiosity's influence on the sea. C．Analysing the causes of human exploration of the sea. D．Introducing the achievements and future of human exploration of the sea. 答案：D 3．What type is this essay? A．Narration. B．Practical writing. C.Exposition (说明文). D．Argumentation (议论文). 答案：C 1．Why did merchants and explorers try to explore the seas across the world? A．They liked to do it. B．They were forced to do it. C．They needed to complete the world map. D．They were inspired by Marco Polo. 答案：C 2．What's the author's attitude towards Zheng He? A．Critical.　　　　　　 B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 答案：B 3．Why did China start the Belt and Road Initiative? A．To sell tea to the western countries. B．To make business with neighbour countries. C．To spread Chinese culture to other countries. D．To strengthen the bonds between China and other countries. 答案：D 4．How is the text developed? A．By time. B．By space. C．By process. D．By comparison. 答案：A 5．What's the purpose of paragraph 1? _____________________________ 6．What's the influence of the Silk Road? ________________________________________________________________________________________________ To introduce the topic. It promoted trade deals between China and other places and led to more awareness of each other's cultures.　 7．What's the difference between the ancient Silk Road and the Ming Dynasty Silk Road? _____________________________________________ 8．What will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future? ________________________________________________ The travelling route of the land and the sea. The need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships. Trade and curiosity have often formed the 1.____________ (found) of mankind's greatest achievements.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. foundation Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers 2.____________(search) for sea routes from west to east.However，merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first 3.____________ (do).A trading route across the sea was extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，4.____________ (centre) around Ceylon. did to search centred Later，the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with the regions to the west of China.Seven large 5.____________ (fleet) sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.6.____________ the command of Zheng He，they set sail from the South China Sea and eventually to the east coast of Africa. fleets Under To reach out across the sea remains 7.____________ strong desire today.The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，8.____________ is part of the Belt and Road Initiative. a which China has joined 9.____________ (it) friends across the sea on some important projects.With the latest technology in hand，the need to trade 10.____________ the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. its and Ⅰ.词块 1．找到去……的路 ____________________ 2．在郑和的指挥下 _____________________________ 3．未来的贸易和文化交流 ______________________________ 4．推动中国跨海越洋，走向遥远的未来 ______________________________________________ 5．寻找自西向东的海上航线 ____________________________________________ find one's way to... under the command of Zheng He future trade and cultural exchange drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future search for sea routes from west to east 6．壮观的景象 ____________________ 7．从中国南海起航 ________________________________ 8．从科学的角度来看 ________________________________ 9．增进关系的愿望 ________________________________ 10．在手头；可供使用；在控制之中 _______________ a sight to behold set sail from the South China Sea from a scientific point of view the desire to enhance relationships in hand Ⅱ.分析长难句 1．Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。句中to negotiate trade deals是动词不定式短语作__________；which引导______________从句。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 目的状语 非限制性定语 在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚在一起洽谈贸易，也增进了对彼此文化的了解。 2．The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。句中travelled by Zheng He是过去分词短语作__________，修饰____________________；which引导______________从句，修饰先行词________________ ____________________。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 后置定语　 the ancient sea routes 非限制性定语 the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road　 　随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。 3．Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times，there are still many other places left to explore. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。句中although引导__________从句；left意为“________________”，常作后置定语。 [自主翻译]　___________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 让步状语　 剩余的，剩下的 虽然郑和的古航路已经被重走了很多次，但还有很多其他地方有待探索。 4．From a scientific point of view，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. [句式分析]　此句是简单句。句中含有“there is an urgent need to do sth.”句型，意为“____________________”；in order to understand climate change and its effects作________________。 [自主翻译]　___________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 迫切需要做某事 目的状语 从科学的角度来看，我们迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。 5．Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. [句式分析]　此句是简单句。句中with the latest technology in hand是with的复合结构作________；to trade 和to enhance relationships 是两个动词不定式作___________，分别修饰__________和____________。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 状语　 后置定语 the need the desire 数百年过去了，在掌握了最新的科学技术的情况下，未来中国将不断探索海洋，进一步促进贸易，加强与其他国家的联系。 课时作业 巩固提升 阅读理解 A Looking like something from a sci－fi movie, the SeaOrbiter was designed to tower above the waves as it made its way through some of the most unexplored parts of the world's oceans.It is a breathtaking ship, featuring its underwater platform and advanced science labs.It can host a crew of up to 22 for long－term scientific missions lasting over six months. Its scale when seen on the horizon (地平线) would have been great.While modern ships usually sit flat to the surface and have most of their mass laid out, the SeaOrbiter was to resemble a floating tower, rising to a total height of 51 meters, the height of Nelson's Column in London—with over half below the ocean. Designed not just to move in the seas, but also to explore their depths, six of the SeaOrbiter's twelve decks were to sit below sea level, bringing the undersea kingdom to life and providing uninterrupted underwater observation for the scientists and explorers aboard.Its goal was to pull back the curtain on one of nature's most unexplored habitats. Despite covering 70 per cent of our planet, with only 5 per cent explored and less than 20 per cent mapped, our oceans are still largely a mystery.What's more, humans have explored less than 1 per cent of the deep ocean.In fact, we know less about the ocean floor than we do about the surface of the Moon. Construction of the 1，000－ton ship had been due to start in 2014, but by May 2015 only the first part of the construction was successfully completed.Construction was made possible by a crowd－funding campaign. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了SeaOrbiter这一独特船只设计，旨在通过其高耸的漂浮塔形态、水下平台和先进科学实验室来探索海洋深处，特别是人类尚未充分探索的区域，从而增进对海洋的了解。 2 3 1 4 1．What is the unique feature of the SeaOrbiter according to paragraph 1? A.Being specially designed based on a sci－fi film. B．Being shaped exactly like an unexplored tower. C．Possessing a underwater platform and advanced science labs. D．Enabling 22 people to carry out long－term scientific tasks. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“It is a breathtaking ship, featuring its underwater platform and advanced science labs.”可知，SeaOrbiter的独特特征是它拥有的功能——一个水下平台和先进的科学实验室。 2 3 1 4 2．Why does the author mention Nelson's Column? A．To introduce the distant origin of the ship. B．To stress the underwater part of the ship. C.To illustrate the amazing height of the ship. D．To highlight the floating ability of the ship. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“While modern ships usually sit flat to the surface and have most of their mass laid out, the SeaOrbiter was to resemble a floating tower, rising to a total height of 51 meters, the height of Nelson's Column in London—with over half below the ocean.”可知，作者提到纳尔逊纪念柱是为了与SeaOrbiter的高度进行比较，从而来说明这艘船的惊人高度。 2 3 1 4 3．What do the data in paragraph 4 imply? A．Over 20 per cent of the oceans has been charted. B．There is much for us to explore about the ocean floor. C．Humans have explored only 5 per cent of the deep sea. D．The ocean floor is easier to reach than the surface of the Moon. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知，这一段数据暗示了海洋，特别是其深海部分，仍然有许多未知等待我们去探索。 2 3 1 4 4．Why was the SeaOrbiter designed? A．To move in space in a usual way. B．To compete with space exploration. C．To uncover the mysteries of deep seas. D．To complete a crowd－funding campaign. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Its goal was to pull back the curtain on one of nature's most unexplored habitats.”可知，SeaOrbiter设计目的是探索海洋的深处，特别是那些尚未被人类充分探索的区域。 2 3 1 4 B The polar research vessel (船舰) RRS Sir David Attenborough, which will always be thought of by some as Boaty McBoatface, is currently on an Antarctic task to find out how sea ice influences the cycle of nutrients and carbon in the world's oceans. The 12 researchers on board are using autonomous underwater vehicles to explore huge areas of free－floating sea ice.This will help us better understand how climate change is impacting organisms from microscopic plankton (浮游生物) to penguins and orcas. Last week, the vessel collected samples from around the A23a mega iceberg (a scientific term).The largest iceberg in existence is almost 4，000 sq km, equal to an area twice the size of Greater London, weighing close to a trillion metric tonnes and towering up to 1，312 feet above the sea. It originally broke away from a main ice shelf connected to Antarctica in 1986, but had remained stuck against the seabed ever since until last month.Now, A23a is drifting into the Southern Ocean. Of course, one iceberg floating into warmer waters and melting is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the climate crisis.At COP28, billions and billions were promised to fund global climate solutions, especially in developing nations.More than 130 countries agreed to deal with emissions in agriculture, with 118 promising to triple renewables too. But more needs to be done.Forget the A23a iceberg being a threat to shipping, it's a sign we may be all sunk. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了RRS Sir David Attenborough号极地科考船在南极的任务，即探索海冰如何影响全球海洋中营养物和碳的循环，以及研究人员使用自主水下航行器进行探索的情况。同时，文章还提到了A23a巨型冰山的漂移情况，以及冰山融化与气候危机之间的关系。 5 6 7 8 5．What is the purpose of RRS Sir David Attenborough's exploration? A．To be highly thought of as Boaty McBoatface. B．To study the impact of sea ice in circulation. C．To record the cycle of nutrients and carbon globally. D．To stand out as one of the best research vessels in the world. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，极地科考船RRS Sir David Attenborough号在南极执行任务是为了研究海冰如何影响世界海洋中营养物质和碳的循环。 5 6 7 8 6．What was this exploration most concerned about? A．The width of warm waters. B．The shape of a main ice shelf. C.The size of the remaining iceberg. D．The weight of the free－floating iceberg. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段可推测，本次探险科学家们最关心的是剩下的冰山还有多大。 5 6 7 8 7．What is the main idea of paragraph 5? A．Joint efforts were made to solve the climate crisis. B．COP28 made a difference to the climate crisis. C．The climate crisis will be solved in the near future. D．The melting of icebergs is just the start of the climate crisis. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 解析：段落大意题。根据文章第五段可知，第五段讲述的是各个国家都承诺为全球气候解决方案提供数十亿美元的资金，也就是全世界人民都愿意共同努力以解决气候危机。 5 6 7 8 8．How can we describe the author's attitude according to the text? A．It never rains but it pours. B．Facts speak louder than words. C．Where there is global community, there is a way. D．When the exploring stops, the destroying can too. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“Of course, one iceberg floating into warmer waters and melting is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the climate crisis.”以及第六段可知，作者认为威胁人类的危机还有很多，冰山消融只是其中一个而已。所以“不雨则已，雨则倾盆”能说明作者的态度。 5 6 7 8 $$