U3 Period 3 Learning About Language-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

选择性必修第三册 UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL　PROTECTION Period 3　Learning About Language—Discover useful structures 单元语法：Direct speech & indirect speech (直接引语和间接引语) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] 诵读下列例句并感知黑体部分的共性 (1)An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said，“From the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died.” →[教材原文] An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died. (2)The reporter asked，“Will polar bears die out because of climate change？” →The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change. (3)The reporter asked，“How can we save polar bears from extinction？” →The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction. (4)“Let's work together to stop climate change，” the expert said. →The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change. 我的发现： 1．若直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，要用连词 来引导宾语从句，如(1)句。 2．若直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词 或 来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问语序变为 语序，如(2)句。 that if whether 陈述 3．若直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，需用原来的 来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问语序变为 语序，如(3)句。 4．若直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，需改用“动词＋宾语＋ ”结构，其中的动词通常是表示“命令、建议、请求”的动词，如(4)句。 5．直接引语变间接引语时， 要做相应变化，如(2)(3)句。 疑问词 陈述 不定式 时态 [知识精要] 一、基本概念 引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。 二、直接引语变为间接引语时句子结构的变化及连接词的选择 1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句，that可省略。 Lucy said to her friends，“I don't like computers.” →Lucy told her friends (that) she didn't like computers. 2．直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用if或whether引导的宾语从句。 They asked him，“Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil？” →They asked him if/whether it was easy to improve the condition of the soil. 3．直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 “When do you harvest the wheat？” they asked him. →They asked him when he harvested the wheat. [注意]　(1)直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to”常改为told。 (2)直接引语为疑问句时，如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。 (3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序改为陈述语序。 4．直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时，变为“主语＋ask/order/tell/beg/...＋宾语＋动词不定式”句型。如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式前加not。 He said，“Do it now and don't put it off until tomorrow.” →He told me to do it then and not to put it off until the next day. He said，“Don't make so much noise, boys.” →He told the boys not to make so much noise. 三、人称的变化 人称变化三原则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 1．“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”(直接引语中为第一人称) →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称) 2．“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。 The customer asked the salesgirl，“Can you show me another pair of shoes in a different colour？”(直接引语中主语为第二人称) →The customer asked the salesgirl whether she could show him another pair of shoes in a different colour.(间接引语中从句主语随主句宾语改为第三人称) 3．“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 Jack said，“Lily has a car of her own.” →Jack said that Lily had a car of her own. 四、时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时句子时态变化如下表： — 直接引语 间接引语 句子时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 The teacher said，“You are doing OK.” →The teacher said that we were doing OK. He said，“I have written a novel.” →He said that he had written a novel. [注意]　在下面几种情况中，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化。 (1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时，其时态不变。 “It is never too late to learn，” my teacher told me yesterday. →My teacher told me yesterday that it is never too late to learn. (2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 Jack said，“I was born on April 21，1980.” →Jack said he was born on April 21，1980. 五、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 词类 直接引语 间接引语 指示 代词 this that these those 词类 直接引语 间接引语 时间 状语 now then ago before/earlier today that day tonight that night yesterday the day before tomorrow the next/following day the day after tomorrow in two days' time 词类 直接引语 间接引语 地点状语 here there 方向性动词 come go bring take He said，“I will go to see you at your home tomorrow.” →He said that he would come to see me at my home the next day. 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I truly believe ____________ beauty comes from within. 2．The boy begged me ____________ (give) him something to eat. 3．Tom said that Mary ____________ (come) five days later. 4．The police ordered the young man ____________ (stand) where he was. that to give would come to stand 5．The teacher told us that the Earth ____________ (travel) around the sun. 6．We must find out ____________ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him. 7．He said that some bridges ________________ (wash) away after the storm. 8．The policeman asked him what he ____________ (do) when the robber came in. travels when had been washed was doing 9．Mother asked her daughter ____________ she was satisfied with her new room. 10．“What do you want to be？” asked Mrs.Crawford.“Oh，I ____________ (be) a president，” said the boy，with a smile. whether/if will be Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成下面短文 A few minutes later，the other two cyclists arrived.They were shocked to find Mac's bicycle lying on the road, his tent bag torn and Mac just like a drowned mouse.They asked anxiously 1.________________________ (到底发生了什么).Mac responded breathlessly that 2.__________________________ (他差点被一只狼吃掉).When told about 3.__________________________ (Mac经历了什么)，they couldn't help screaming out，“What a narrow what on earth had happened he was almost eaten by a wolf what Mac had experienced escape！” “Yes，without their timely help，4.________________ __________________(我早已经是狼的食物了).” Mac's friends were also thankful to Paul and Becky.Afraid that there might be more potential dangers ahead，Paul and Becky asked kindly 5.__________ __________________________ (他们是否需要搭便车).Mac and his friends answered with one voice，“6.__________________ (我们乐意).Thank you from the bottom of our hearts！” I would have been the food of the wolf whether/if they were in need of a lift We'd love to 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.将下列直接引语改为间接引语 1．“Make sure the door is shut when you go out，” Father said to me. →________________________________________________________2．“What a lovely girl she is！” he said. →______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Father told me to make sure that the door was shut when I went out. He said what a lovely girl she was./He said that she was a lovely girl. 3．My Chinese teacher said，“Every inch of time is an inch of gold.” →________________________________________________________4．“Do，please，send me to a warm climate，” she said to me. →________________________________________________________ My Chinese teacher said that every inch of time is an inch of gold. She asked me to send her to a warm climate. 5．My teacher asked me，“Do you like American country music？” →________________________________________________________ My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American country music. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．老师要求我们按时交作业。 _________________________________________ on time. 2．他问我在这个公司工作多久了。 He asked me ________________________________________． Our teacher asked us to hand in our homework how long I had worked in the company 3．地理老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。 The geography teacher told us that ______________________________ ____________． 4．他告诉我自他来到这里以来他就一直教英语。 He told me that ________________________________________． the sun rises in the east and sets in the west he had taught English since he came here 5．我问医生我是否有可能恢复得更快。 _______________________________ there was any possibility that I could recover faster. I asked the doctor whether/if Ⅲ.阅读理解 The Forest Eye project is aimed at creating the largest living forest feature in England by growing 5，000 alder, beech and maple trees into the shape of a child's eye.The trees are being planted in Dalby Forest, North Yorkshire, with the help of local young people.The trees will form an eye 300 meters wide that will be visible from the sky in about six years, when they have grown. The project hopes to focus on the importance of young people's ideas for creating a healthy natural environment.It was designed by a company called Sand in Your Eye and has been created by Forestry England, an organization that protects forests and woodlands. Josephine Lavelle, director at Forestry England, says, “Having the gaze of a child growing in the heart of this beautiful and ever-changing forest is a powerful symbol of how we need to listen and respond to the needs and vision of future generations.” The project is also aimed at highlighting the important role that forests play in fighting climate change.As well as providing a home for wildlife, trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and create oxygen that humans need to breathe.When the trees have grown, they will provide a place for lots of wild animals, like bats, birds and small mammals to live.The Forest Eye will also create a space for people to explore and connect with nature. Jamie Wardley, artistic director at Sand in Your Eye, has plenty of experience in creating pieces of “land art”．These are huge drawings and sculptures made from grass, ice and sand, including a 60-meter portrait of Swedish climate-change campaigner Greta Thunberg on a school field in Yorkshire.He says, “The trees are my paint.” “Our work is about prompting people to think deeply and respond emotionally to some of the biggest issues facing us, including the climate crisis.” Wardley also plans to develop the Forest Eye into an even bigger project.“It is our ambition to create the whole face of a young girl at the same scale, measuring 2，000 meters across.Those trees that are planted in the Forest Eye are the very beginning of this，” he says. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了英国的Forest Eye项目，该项目计划在达尔比森林种植5 000棵树，形成一个孩子的眼睛的形状，以此来强调年轻人对创造健康自然环境的重要性，同时也突出森林在应对气候变化中的重要作用。 1．What can we know about the project? A．It is planting trees to form an eye. B．It is aimed at creating artworks. C．It is proposed by the local youth. D．It is carried out in the largest forest. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Forest Eye project is aimed at creating the largest living forest feature in England by growing 5，000 alder, beech and maple trees into the shape of a child's eye.”可知，该项目正在种植树木以形成一个眼睛的形状，故选A。 2 3 1 4 2．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about? A．The argument for the project. B．The benefits of trees. C．The value of children's ideas. D．The fight against climate change. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 段落大意题。根据第四段中的“As well as providing a home for wildlife, trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and create oxygen that humans need to breathe.”可知，这一段主要讲述了树木的好处，故选B。 2 3 1 4 3．Which of the following can best describe Jamie Wardley? A．Ignorant.　　　　　　 B．Adventurous. C．Emotional. D．Creative. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Jamie Wardley, artistic director at Sand in Your Eye, has plenty of experience in creating pieces of ‘land art’．”可知，Jamie Wardley是一位富有创造力的人，故选D。 2 3 1 4 4．Which is the best title for the article? A．Land Arts Take Off B．Tree Planting Catches On C．Giant Eye Planting Kicks Off D．Environmental Groups Spring Up 答案：C 2 3 1 4 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“The Forest Eye project is aimed at creating the largest living forest feature in England by growing 5，000 alder, beech and maple trees into the shape of a child's eye.”和最后一段中的“Those trees that are planted in the Forest Eye are the very beginning of this (在‘森林之眼’种植的那些树是这一切的开始)”可知，C项适合作为文章标题，故选C。 2 3 1 4 Ⅳ.完形填空 On May 7, “eco-mermaid” Merle Liivand 1 her own world record by swimming a full marathon's distance with a single fin (鳍) in Biscayne Bay, Florida.When Merle Liivand was a child, she had health problems, and began swimming to help her lungs get 2 ．In one training session, she nearly wound up swallowing some 3 that was floating in the sea. That 4 made her think of all the sea animals who faced 5 pollution every day.She decided to work to make people more aware of plastic pollution.Inspired by sea creatures, she began swimming with a special single swimming fin 6 both of her feet.This single fin allows her to swim by 7 both of her legs together.She believes swimming with it 8 “a bigger message”． Since 2019, she's broken records, swimming vast distances—first in California, then in Florida, and this time swimming the 9 of a full marathon.Despite encountering challenges like jellyfish stings, she 10 ， collecting trash along her route.Her dedication extends beyond records; it's about community and global 11 ． During her 12 ， a friend kayaked (划皮划艇) alongside, providing food and water and collecting the trash she 13 ．By the end of her marathon, the kayak held three bags full of trash.The aim of Liivand's actions is to 14 a bigger goal: it's not just about achievements, but about making a 15 impact on the world. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是“生态美人鱼”Merle Liivand通过游泳马拉松来对抗海洋塑料污染的故事。 2 3 1 4 1．A.planned　　　　　　　 B．kept C．broke D．prepared 答案：C 根据下文“her own world record by swimming a full marathon's distance”可知，Merle Liivand通过游泳打破了自己的纪录，故选C项。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.stronger B．cleaner C．lighter D．cooler 答案：A 根据上文“When Merle Liivand was a child, she had health problems”可知，她曾有健康问题，通过游泳让肺部更加强壮，故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.water B．plastic C．sand D．metal 答案：B 根据下文“She decided to work to make people more aware of plastic pollution.”可知，海中漂浮的是塑料，故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.situation B．cleanup C．disaster D．experience 答案：D 根据上文“In one training session, she nearly wound up swallowing some 3 that was floating in the sea.”可知，她差点吞下漂浮在海里的塑料的经历让她想到了海洋生物每天都面临这种污染，故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.different B．visible C．similar D．challenging 答案：C 根据上文“In one training session, she nearly wound up swallowing some 3 that was floating in the sea.”可知，她差点吞下漂浮在海里的塑料的经历让她想到了海洋生物每天都面临这种相似的污染，故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.attached to B．referred to C．applied to D．devoted to 答案：A 根据“she began swimming with a special single swimming fin”可知，鳍是被固定在她的脚上的，故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.connecting B．removing C．kicking D．wiping 答案：C 根据“allows her to swim by 7 both of her legs together”可知，她蹬的是双腿，故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.hides B．marks C．finds D．conveys 答案：D 根据下文“a bigger message”可知，她是想传达信息，故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.depth B．length C．width D．breadth 答案：B 根据上文“swimming a full marathon's distance”可知，此处指马拉松的长度，故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.persisted B．relaxed C．faced D．paused 答案：A 根据上文“Despite encountering challenges like jellyfish stings, she 10 ”可知，尽管遇到了挑战，但她都坚持了下去，故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.accomplishment B．betterment C．management D．agreement 答案：B 根据“it's about community and global”可知，她关心的是改善社区和全球环境，故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.training B．adventure C．travel D．marathon 答案：D 根据“During her 12 ， a friend kayaked alongside”可知，这是在她的马拉松过程中的事情，故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.gathered B．shared C．sorted D．pushed 答案：A 根据下文“the kayak held three bags full of trash”可知，她的朋友捡起了她收集的垃圾，故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.miss B．review C．break D．reach 答案：D 根据“The aim...to 14 a bigger goal”可知，她行动的目的是实现更大的目标，故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.various B．lasting C．positive D．side 答案：C 根据上文“She decided to work to make people more aware of plastic pollution.”及“it's about community and global 11 ”可知，让人们意识到塑料污染问题，并使社区和世界有所改善，对这个世界来说这是积极的影响，故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在三江源生态保护区的带动下，中国正在进行全国范围的生态保护系统的建设，这将对人类文明的发展和进步有着重要的意义。 High on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 1. (lie) China's “water tower” Sanjiangyuan. It is home to the headwaters of China's three rivers: the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Lancang River. It is the three rivers 2. provide water for about half the population of China. However, human activities are putting this ecosystem 3. risk. Hopefully, though, we can repair this damage. The Chinese government decided to set up Sanjiangyuan National Park in Qinghai Province. The park, officially 4. (establish) in 2021, has increased the area's green coverage and attracted more wildlife. The local government has also made great efforts to improve biological diversity. The success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a 5. (green) future. With Sanjiangyuan 6. (take) the lead, nine other regions in China 7. (choose) by a field conservation station to carry out projects over the past three years, 8. will form a national park system together. The idea of a national park system is still new in China, but 9. (it) realization is urgent. After all, building an ecological civilization bears great 10. (important) in the development and progress of human civilization. 1．考查时态和主谓一致。本句是倒装句，主语为China's “water tower” Sanjiangyuan，空处为本句的谓语动词，描述客观事实应用一般现在时，且主语Sanjiangyuan为第三人称单数，故填lies。 答案：lies 2．考查强调句。本句使用了强调句型，对主语the three rivers进行强调。强调句的结构：It is ＋强调部分＋that＋其他内容。 答案：that 3．考查介词。put sth. at risk为固定搭配，表示“使某事物处于危险之中”。 答案：at 4．考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词为has increased，空处应用非谓语动词形式，establish与the park之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。 答案：established 5．考查形容词比较级。此处强调与现状相比，未来更加“绿色化”，因此空处应用形容词比较级。 答案：greener 6．考查非谓语动词。此处考查with复合结构，take与Sanjiangyuan之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。 答案：taking 7．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语over the past three years可知，应用现在完成时，又因动词choose与主语nine other regions之间为被动关系且主语为复数形式，故填have been chosen。 答案：have been chosen 8．考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为nine other regions，故填which。 答案：which 9．考查物主代词。空处应用形容词性物主代词，修饰后面的名词realization。 答案：its 10．考查词性转换。由空前的形容词great可知，此处应填important的名词形式importance。 答案：importance $$