U3 Period 3Learning About Language-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

选择性必修第二册 UNIT 3　FOOD　AND　CULTURE Period 3　Learning About Language—Discover useful structures 单元语法：过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] 1．Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. 2．When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. 3．A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend，and finally，we found it. 4．Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. 我的发现： 1．以上句子中所用的时态都是 。 2．句2和句4中使用的是过去完成时的 语态，其基本结构是 。 3．句1和句3中使用的是过去完成时的 语态，其基本结构是 。 过去完成时 主动 had＋过去分词 被动 had＋been＋过去分词 [知识精要] 过去完成时 一、概念 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 二、构成 结构：had＋过去分词 When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。(雨停发生在醒来之前，即“过去的过去”) 三、基本用法 1．表示过去的过去 表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。可以用by、before等引导的介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或通过上下文来表示。 By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到了200张从宇宙飞船发来的图片。 How long had Mr.Wang taught in the middle school before he came here? 在来这里之前，王老师在中学教学多长时间了？ [即学即练1]　单句语法填空 ①By the end of last month he ____________ (work) in Shanghai for twenty years. ②When I got to school，I realized I ____________ (leave) my bag at home. ③She ____________ (work) on the farm for three years before she became a teacher. had worked had left had worked 2．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于hope、want、expect、think、suppose、plan、mean、intend等动词。 I had meant to come，but something happened. 我本想来，但有事发生了。 [即学即练2]　完成句子 ①她说她以前看过那部电影。 She said that ____________________________． ②他刚一交上考卷就意识到忘写名字了。 The moment he handed in his exam paper，he realized ______________________________________． she had seen the film before he had forgotten to write down his name ③我本来打算去机场接你们，但我太忙了。 ________________________________________ at the airport，but I was too busy. I had intended I would go to pick you up 3．用于某些固定句型中 (1)表示“一……就……”的“hardly/scarcely ...when”和“no sooner ... than ...”等句式中，主句常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。(hardly、scarcely、no sooner位于句首时，主句要倒装) I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. ＝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 (2)It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时) It was at least three months since I had left Beijing. 我离开北京至少有3个月了。 (3)It was the first/second/...time＋(that)从句(从句用过去完成时) It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 (4)与by .../by the end of .../by the time ...等时间状语连用。 By the time I got to the cinema, the movie had already begun. 我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。 [即学即练3]　完成句子 ①我们离开那座城市已有三年了。 It was three years since we ____________ the city. ②我们刚出发就下起了雷雨。 We ________________________ than a thunderstorm broke. had left had no sooner set out 过去完成时的被动语态 构成 1．肯定结构：主语＋had been done＋其他成分． 2．否定结构：主语＋had not been done＋其他成分． 3．疑问结构：Had＋主语＋been done＋其他成分？ 疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done＋其他成分？ By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished. 他到学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师来之前教室还没有打扫过。 [即学即练4]　单句语法填空 ①He did what he ________________ (tell) to. ②The boy didn't remember whether his homework ______________ (hand) in. ③The media reported more than 1，000 people ________________ (kill) in the earthquake. had been told had been handed had been killed 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．那是我第一次参观中国画展览，它确实让我大开眼界。 It was the first time that _____________________________________ ______________， which did broaden my horizons. 2．我本打算去参加你的生日聚会，但是发生了意想不到的事情。 _______________________________________， but something unexpected happened. I had visited the exhibition of Chinese paintings I had intended to attend your birthday party 3．梅雷迪思太太一到家约翰就告诉她如何帮助伯纳德摆脱困境。 ________________________________________ when John told her how to help Bernard out of difficulty. 4．他已经被告知很多次了，但他还是犯了同样的错误。 ____________________________ but he still made the same mistake. 5．他突然想起他的钥匙忘在办公室里了。 It occurred to him that ____________________________________. Hardly had Mrs.Meredith arrived at home He had been told many times his keys had been left at his office Ⅱ.语篇填空 When Mary decided to open her own shoe shop, she had never worked in a shop before. After she 1.____________ (look) at lots of shops to rent, she chose a small shop in a nice area of the city centre. Then she visited a factory to choose shoes for her shop. After she 2.____________(select) the shoes that she wanted for her shop, she paid for them and then returned.While waiting for the shoes that she 3.____________ (order) to arrive, she decorated her shop herself. The shop was very small, and before she rented it, it 4.___________ (sell) had looked had selected had ordered had sold cards and toys. She decided to paint it in very pastel colors and, where the counter 5.____________ (be), she put a modern sofa and a small table with a mirror on it. When she 6.____________ (finish) decorating the shop, it seemed much smarter and bigger. Her friend Alice came to visit the shop and saw that the shop 7.______________ (change) completely. She said that she thought it 8._______________ (improve) hugely. And she was sure that it would be a huge success. had been had finished had been changed had been improved 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It was a pity that the film ____________ (start) when I arrived. 2．At the end of the meeting，it was announced that an agreement __________________ (reach). 3．By the end of last year, another school building _________________ (complete) in our city. 4．John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it ____________________ (damage) seriously. had started had been reached had been completed had been damaged 5．To my disappointment, all the film tickets ____________ (sell) out when I got to the cinema. 6．He said he ____________ (hope) to accompany me to see the film，but he was too busy then. 7．The twins，who ____________ (finish) their homework，were happy to play badminton on the playground. 8．It was the first time that my daughter ______________ (ask) to give a performance in public and she was a bit nervous. had been sold had hoped had finished had been asked Ⅱ.句型转换 1．By the end of last year we had built five new buildings. →_________________________________________________ (变为被动语态) 2．Someone had broken into my house before I returned. →______________________________________________________ (变为被动语态) Five new buildings had been built by the end of last year.　 My house had been broken into (by someone) before I returned. 3．The bedroom had been cleaned before her mother came.(肯定形式) →The bedroom ________________________ before her mother came.(改为否定形式) →__________________________________ before her mother came？(改为一般疑问句) →________________________ before her mother came？(改为对the bedroom提问的特殊疑问句) had not been cleaned Had the bedroom been cleaned What had been cleaned Ⅲ.阅读理解 People are motivated to try a vegetarian (素食的) diet for different reasons—from ethical and religious, to potential health and environmental benefits. But many people have a hard time sticking to it. In fact studies show many self-reported vegetarians actually do consume some animal products. “A lot of people who want to be vegetarian are perhaps not able to，” says Dr. Nabeel Yaseen, of Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. “We wanted to know if genetics (遗传学) is part of the reason，” he says. Yaseen and his team members compared the DNA of about 330，000 people. They found 34 genes that may play a role in sticking to a strict vegetarian diet. And they identified 3 genes that are more tightly linked to the feature. “What we can say is that these genes (基因) have something to do with vegetarianism，” Yaseen says. “Perhaps vegetarians have different variants of these genes that make them able to choose a strict vegetarian diet，” he explains. The study is published in PLOS ONE, a peer-reviewed science journal. Interpreting the genetic role is not exactly an easy task to finish. Humans have thousands of genes and there are millions of tiny variations (变异) in DNA building blocks, known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), where you can see differences between individuals. To identify SNPs that are connected with the particular feature of sticking to a vegetarian diet, Yaseen and his workmates did a genome-wide connection study. When they found a SNP connected with vegetarianism, they looked to see the genes around it in the same area. Of the three genes most strongly connected with vegetarianism, the authors say two of them (known as NPC1 and RMC1) have important functions in lipid—or fat—metabolism. The study can't answer exactly how genetic differences could shape or influence vegetarians, but Dr. Yaseen has some ideas. His research has disclosed many unknown aspects of genetics. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有些人想尝试素食主义，但是往往无法坚持，一项研究显示，有些基因可能与能否坚持严格素食饮食有关，虽然该研究目前无法准确解释基因与素食者之间的关联，但是它揭示了遗传学的未知面。 1．Why did Dr. Nabeel Yaseen research vegetarians? A．To understand health benefits of vegetarianism. B．To investigate genetics in vegetarian devotion. C．To study environmental impact of vegetarianism. D．To explore the cultural aspects of vegetarianism. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第二段中Nabeel Yaseen博士所说的“A lot of people who want to be vegetarian are perhaps not able to”和“We wanted to know if genetics is part of the reason”可知，Nabeel Yaseen博士研究素食主义者是为了调查基因是否对人们可以忠诚地吃素食有影响。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 2．What can we learn about genes from Yaseen's study? A．They have the same variations. B．They determine vegetarian fat. C．They may influence vegetarianism. D．They play no role in dietary choices. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第三段中“They found 34 genes that may play a role in sticking to a strict vegetarian diet. And they identified 3 genes that are more tightly linked to the feature.”可知，根据Yaseen博士的研究，有些基因与坚持严格素食饮食有关。由此可知，基因可能影响素食主义。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 3．What is the author's attitude to Yaseen's findings? A．Critical.　　　　　　 B．Appreciative. C．Unconcerned. D．Doubtful. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“The study can't answer exactly how genetic differences could shape or influence vegetarians，but Dr. Yaseen has some ideas. His research has disclosed many unknown aspects of genetics.”可知，虽然研究目前无法准确解释基因与素食者之间的关联，但是作者肯定了Yaseen博士的研究揭示了遗传学的未知面。由此推知，作者对其研究发现持欣赏、赞许的态度。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Benefits of Vegetarianism B．The Diet Research on Vegetarians C．Challenges in Maintaining a Vegetarian Diet D．The Role of Genetics in Vegetarian Devotion 答案：D 2 3 1 4 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其第二段中的“We wanted to know if genetics is part of the reason”可知，文章围绕为什么有些人无法坚持素食主义展开，介绍了一项研究，研究显示，有些基因可能与能否坚持严格素食饮食有关。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 Ⅳ.完形填空 Vel Scott is known for creating a bustling (热闹的) nightlife in the 1960s. But now this grandmother has changed her life's work into helping others change their eating habits and creating a(n) 1 lifestyle. Vel and her husband Don Scott 2 a nightclub. They brought in all kinds of performances from around the country to 3 people and served food and drinks. While the 4 husband-and-wife team continued to thrive (兴旺) 5 ， some alarming news was revealed about Don's health. He was diagnosed during the 80s with heart problems and they knew they had to make some 6 ． Vel took it upon herself to 7 new dishes. The things she learned helped her husband reverse (逆转) some of his health 8 in just a few short months. In 1998, she started Vel's Purple Oasis—a community-based urban 9 . It's the place where people of all ages learned how to grow and eat healthier 10 ． Dionne Thomas-Carmichael, a friend of Vel who suffered from cancer, said, “Vel has really helped to 11 me to eat really more fruits and vegetables.” Vel brings the farm to the 12 . And she brings residents to her community kitchen and gives them cooking lessons. “The community has the highest rates of cancer and the highest rates of diabetes (糖尿病). It's up to us to change our 13 and our eating habits，” Vel said. Like Carmichael, many people have 14 Vel with helping them to take back their health, 15 at the kitchen table. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Vel Scott帮助他人改变饮食习惯来帮助他们恢复健康的故事。 2 3 1 4 1．A.active　　　　　　 B．healthy C．unique D．green 答案：B 根据“helping others change their eating habits”及下文内容可知，Vel帮助别人改变饮食习惯，创造了健康的生活方式。故选B项。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.visited B．dreamed of C．passed by D．opened 答案：D 根据“They brought in all kinds of performances from around the country”可知，这对夫妇开了一家夜总会。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.entertain B．educate C．promote D．contact 答案：A 根据“They brought in all kinds of performances”及“served food and drinks”可知，此处表示夫妇两人引入表演来供人们娱乐，并提供食物和饮料。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.advantageous B．flexible C．energetic D．anxious 答案：C 根据“husband-and-wife team continued to thrive”及上文“Vel and her husband Don Scott 2 a nightclub.”可知，这对夫妻开夜总会，因此他们精力充沛。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.culturally B．technologically C．academically D．professionally 答案：D 根据“husband-and-wife team continued to thrive”可知，他们的事业蒸蒸日上。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.efforts B．comments C．changes D．demands 答案：C 根据“He was diagnosed during the 80s with heart problems”可知，发现生病了，所以他们需要一些改变。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.trade in B．care for C．experiment with D．cut off 答案：C 根据下文“The things she learned helped her husband reverse some of his health”可知，Vel为了帮助自己的丈夫，开始尝试新菜式。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.needs B．challenges C．benefit D．guidance 答案：B 根据上文“heart problems”可知，Vel的丈夫遭受了健康挑战。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.museum B．road C．club D．farm 答案：D 根据下文“Vel brings the farm to the 12 ．”及“It's the place where people of all ages learned how to grow and eat healthier”可知，Vel创造了一个农场。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.options B．donations C．collections D．adaptations 答案：A 根据“learned how to grow and eat healthier 10 ”可推知，此处这个农场是为了教会人们种植和饮食更健康的选择。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.force B．permit C．require D．inspire 答案：D 根据“to eat really more fruits and vegetables”可知，Dionne Thomas-Carmichael表示Vel激励了自己多吃水果和蔬菜。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.stage B．table C．hospital D．garden 答案：B 根据下文“And she brings residents to her community kitchen and gives them cooking lessons.”可知，Vel把农场上的水果和蔬菜带到了餐桌上。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.attitude B．schedule C．goal D．circumstance 答案：A 根据“and our eating habits”可知，开始吃水果和蔬菜需要“态度”和习惯两方面的改变。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.credited B．charged C．occupied D．satisfied 答案：A credit归功于；charge要价；occupy占据；satisfy使满意。根据“Vel with helping them to take back their health”可知，credit sb. with doing sth.意为“归功于某人做某事”。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.working B．staring C．starting D．communicating 答案：C 根据上文“And she brings residents to her community kitchen and gives them cooking lessons.”可知，Vel从餐桌开始帮助他们恢复健康。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本研究人员已经研发出一种能够增强咸味的电子筷子，有望帮助那些需要在饮食中减少钠摄入量的人群。增强咸味的筷子在日本可能会很有市场，因为日本的传统饮食口味偏咸。 Japanese researchers have developed computerized chopsticks that enhance (增加) salty tastes，1. could help those who need to reduce sodium (钠) in their diets. 1．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，并在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 答案：which The chopsticks 2. (develop) by Meiji University professor Homei Miyashita and drink manufacturer Kirin Holdings Company in May. 2．考查时态、语态及主谓一致。根据in May可知，句子应用一般过去时；动词develop与主语the chopsticks构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were developed。 答案：were developed Wiring connects the chopsticks to a small computer device 3._____ (attach) to the eater's hand. A weak electrical current transports sodium ions (离子) from food through the chopsticks 4. the mouth. “As 5. result, the salty taste enhances 1.5 times，” Miyashita said. 3．考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词connects，且无连词，故空处应填非谓语动词，attach和逻辑主语device之间为被动关系，空处应填过去分词在句中作后置定语。故填attached。 答案：attached 4．考查介词。from ...to ...“从……到……”为固定搭配。故填to。 答案：to 5．考查冠词。as a result“结果”，为固定短语。故填a。 答案：a The 6. (tradition) diet in Japan is salty. The average Japanese adult eats about 10 grams of salt each day. That is twice the amount suggested by the World Health Organization. 6．考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词diet。故填traditional。 答案：traditional High sodium intake is linked to increased cases of high blood 7. (press), strokes and other conditions. 7．考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空处应填名词pressure，high blood pressure意为“高血压”。故填pressure。 答案：pressure “To prevent these 8. (disease), we need to reduce the amount of salt we take in，” said Kirin researcher Ai Sato. Sato 9. (add) that if Japanese people try to reduce salt intake in the usual ways, they will need to cut many of their favorite foods from their diet. Otherwise, they would have to eat bland or flavorless food. 8．考查名词的单复数。根据these可知，空处应填名词的复数作宾语。故填diseases。 答案：diseases 9．考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，空处为主句的谓语动词，时态应与上句said Kirin researcher Ai Sato一致，用一般过去时。故填added。 答案：added Miyashita and Kirin are improving their chopsticks and hope to have them ready 10. (sell) as early as next year. $$