U3 Period 4 Discovering Useful Structures-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

必修第三册 UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES Period 4　Discovering Useful Structures 单元语法：Ellipsis (省略) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] 诵读下列句子并写出句中省略了什么 1．(教材原文)And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.______________________ 2．(教材原文)This district used to be a poor area of town，but is now a centre for art，music，and food._____________________ 3．(教材原文)A real mix of cultures here！____________________ what a city后面省略了it is but后面省略了it 句首省略了it is 4．(教材原文)When these immigrants left their countries，they carried a bit of home in their hearts，and built a new home here. _______________________ 5．(教材原文)What great food！_____________________ 6．(教材原文)Can't wait！_____________________ built前面省略了they food后面省略了it is 句首省略了I [知识精要] 为了避免重复或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫作省略。 在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种： 一、简单句中的省略 1．省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略。 (You) Shut up！住嘴！ (I) Beg your pardon.请再说一遍。 (It) Doesn't matter.没关系。 2．省略宾语：当前后两个句子的宾语一致时，后句常省略宾语。 —Do you know Miss Gao? —I don't know (her). “你认识高女士吗？” “不认识。” 3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 (You come) This way，please.请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语) (Have you) Got any ink？你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分) 二、并列句中的省略 在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。 1．省略共同的主语或宾语。 Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher.汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了他的老师。 2．若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。 Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。 3．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。 His advice made me happy，but (his advice made) Jim angry.他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。 4．若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。 He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid).他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。 三、复合句中的省略 1．状语从句的省略 (1)在when，while，if，as if，though，although，as，until，once，whether，unless，whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语相同且从句谓语中含有be动词或从句的主语为it时，则从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。 Will you be free this Sunday？If (it is) so，let's go camping.这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。 [名师点津]　省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间若构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。 When (it is) heated，ice can be turned into water.加热的时候冰可以变成水。 (2)在than，as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。 They don't use more water than (it is) necessary.他们使用的水没有超出需求量。 He runs as fast as Bob (runs).他和鲍勃跑得一样快。 [名师点津]　并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after，before，because等引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语、分词短语等，用动名词代替be动词。 Because he was ill，he didn't attend the meeting. →Because of being ill，he didn't attend the meeting.(正) →Being ill，he didn't attend the meeting.(正) →Because ill，he didn't attend the meeting.(误) 由于生病了，他没有出席会议。 2．定语从句的省略 (1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词whom，which，that可省略(但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。 The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.安吉拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。 (2)way表示“方式，方法”时，关系词that或in which可以省略。 The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really annoying.他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。 3．宾语从句的省略 (1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。 (2)when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。 I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city).我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他什么时候来。 四、其他的省略情况 1．动词不定式的省略 (1)当不定式在形容词afraid，anxious，eager，glad，happy，ready，willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。 You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question).如果他没有准备好回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。 (2)某些使役动词，如make，let，have等和感官动词，如see，watch，notice，observe，hear等后面作宾语补足语的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态时，则to不能省略。 We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. ＝She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态) 我们经常听见她在教室里唱英文歌。 (3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，则不能省略to。 The book is intended to be read not (to) be torn.这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。 He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(对比)他认为重要的是学习而不是交朋友。 (4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，to后的内容常可省略。常见的动词(短语)有agree，afford，expect，forget，hope，know，manage，pretend，remember，refuse，want，wish，would like等。 You can go with us if you want to (go with us).如果你想去，可以和我们一起去。 (5)介词but，except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。 All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等着瞧。 (6)当不定式在be going to，be able to，have to，ought to，used to后作复合谓语时，不定式的内容可省略。 They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。 [名师点津]　(1)省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。 (2)类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to，be going to，be about to，be supposed to，have to，used to及形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted等。 He didn't come，but he ought to have (come).他没来，但他应该来。 —Are you a farmer? —No，but I used to be (a farmer). “你是个农民吗？” “不是，但我过去是。” 2．使用so，not等时的省略 在英语中，可以用so，not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 —Can you finish your work today? —I think so./I don't think so./I think not. “你今天能完成工作吗？” “我认为能。/我认为不能。” [名师点津]　hope，guess，be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not...so的形式。 —The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they? —I guess not. “男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？” “我猜是没做好。” 3．介词的省略 一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构： (1)have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. (2)be busy (in) doing sth. (3)spend some time (in) doing sth. (4)stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth. The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.将下列句子改为省略句 1．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel. →John will go abroad to travel but his brother ________________． 2．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone. →She stood at the gate as if _____________________. will not waiting for someone 3．When he was in America, he made many friends with students from different countries. →________________， he made many friends with students from different countries. 4．You must look both ways before you cross the road. →________________ before you cross the road. When in America Look both ways 5．The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside. →The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ____________． 6．If it had been repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. →____________ earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. not to If repaired 7．If it's necessary, I would send more farmhands to help you. →____________， I would send more farmhands to help you. If necessary Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．They landed safely on the island in the Pacific.Everything went on better than ____________ (expect). 2．Once ____________ (encourage)，he will have confidence to overcome the difficulties. 3．—Mary，how about going to the movies after supper? —____________ (sound) great. expected encouraged Sounds 4．He rushed out of the room as if ____________ (meet) some important person. 5．Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street，but his father told him not ____________． 6．If ____________ (possibility)，I'd like to work in the Ministry of Finance because I am good at mathematics and know much professional knowledge about finance. to meet to possible 7．—Who should be responsible for the accident? —The boss instead of the workers.They just carried out the order as ____________ (tell). told 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.将下列句子改为省略句(每小题2分，共10分) 1．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful. →The burn ____________________ was red and ________________． 2．The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou. →The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild ____________________． 3．Once you are caught cheating in an exam，you will be punished. →________________________________，you will be punished. she got from the iron very painful as in Guangzhou Once caught cheating in an exam 4．I'd love to come but I can't come. →I'd love to come but ____________． 5．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course. →Only some of the students have done a first aid course but ________________． I can't most haven't Ⅱ.阅读理解 Jingdezhen is famous as China's porcelain (瓷器) capital. It was one of the stops of a group of international youths as they visited Jiangxi Province. The group's visit to Jingdezhen was organised by the 2022 Global Young Leaders Dialogue (GYLD) China Tours program. The program offers young people around the world a chance to experience Chinese culture, learn about the life of the nation's people, and appreciate China's beautiful scenery through interesting visits and exchanges that take them all over the country. In Jingdezhen, they visited Imperial Kiln (御窑) Museum. “Before I came to the Imperial Kiln Museum, I had no idea it would take such a complicated (复杂的) process to restore (修复) a piece of porcelain left over from ancient times，” American TV host Steven Weathers said. “Even with the help of high technology, it is hard to imagine how many modern means have played a part in the process of cultural relic protection，” he added. Daria Lisaia, a researcher from Vanke Urban Research in Shenzhen, shared Weathers' opinion. Some porcelain musical instruments have been produced with these imperial kilns from ancient days and traditional tools for making porcelain, so we can “hear the music” from hundreds of years ago, she said. “It's like ancient culture is reborn，” she explained. In addition to exploring the porcelain art, the group also came to Huangling Village in Wuyuan County, an ancient village around 80km east of Jingdezhen. Huangling was once packed with run-down houses and buildings. Changes began to take place in 2009, with over 80 percent of the old houses restored. Today, many people come here to enjoy its historic scenes and natural beauty. In early autumn, large bamboo baskets filled with crops, such as chilies, pumpkins and chrysanthemum flowers, are placed in front of the local houses. Locals dry and preserve their crops for winter. Today, the long-standing practice has become a symbol of local culture and an important part of tourism. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了2022年“国际青年中国行”项目组织的对景德镇的访问。 1．What is the purpose of the 2022 GYLD China Tours program? A．To protect traditional Chinese culture. B．To let people know more about China. C．To attract more people to Jingdezhen. D．To learn ancient skills from local people. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The program offers young people...take them all over the country.”可知，2022年“国际青年中国行”的目的是让人们更多地了解中国。 2 3 1 4 2．What did Steven Weathers say about the restoration of cultural relics? A．It is not an easy job. B．It is very easy to learn. C．Traditional ways are better. D．New technologies speed the process. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中Steven Weathers所说的话可推知，他觉得文物修复不是一份容易的工作。 2 3 1 4 3．Why have some porcelain musical instruments been produced? A．To create new instruments. B．To keep up with the times. C．To bring back ancient music. D．To show good porcelain skills. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It's like ancient culture is reborn”可推知，生产一些瓷器乐器是为了重现古老音乐。 2 3 1 4 4．What does the author say about Huangling Village? A．It is losing its traditions. B．It is now a tourist attraction. C．It should speed up its progress. D．It should develop a new industry. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Today, many people come here to enjoy its historic scenes and natural beauty.”可知，篁岭村现在是一个旅游景点。 2 3 1 4 Ⅲ.完形填空 I was born in the Philippines and spent most of my childhood there.Then we moved to Canada and I attended a new school.Adapting to the new environment wasn't as 1 as I had thought，but I finally 2 ． At first I 3 to talk to people because I had no 4 to speak the new language.In class，I always 5 to shut my mouth.I didn't join any clubs or after-school activities. However，my first gym class in my new school 6 me completely.It was a school rule that every student should take part in the gym class， 7 I just sat and watched everyone play.I was actually a very 8 person，so while watching my 9 play，I was very jealous (嫉妒的).I said to myself，“I can't just sit here.What am I afraid of？” All these 10 came to my head.They 11 me to step out of my comfort zone.I 12 and joined my classmates.After that everything changed.I joined sports clubs 13 . I became more willing to come to school every day. Don't 14 to get out of your comfort zone.Once you get out of it，you will build more relationships with others，and your confidence will 15 ，too. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者移居到加拿大后努力适应新环境的经历，并从中感悟到人要勇敢地走出舒适区。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1．A.funny　　　　　 B．safe C．easy D．slow 答案：C 解析：根据上文“I was born in the Philippines...new school.”可知，作者出生在菲律宾，童年大部分是在那里度过的，后来搬到加拿大，说明作者第一次来到一个陌生的国家，适应新环境并不像作者所想的那样简单。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.won B．recovered C．forgave D．succeeded 答案：D 解析：根据最后一段中的“Once you get out of it，you will build more relationships with others...”可知，作者最终成功了。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.refused B．wanted C．happened D．liked 答案：A 解析：根据下文“shut my mouth”可知，作者刚来到加拿大时由于语言问题拒绝跟别人说话。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.experience B．strength C．confidence D．permission 答案：C 解析：根据空后“the new language”可知，作者应该是对于讲新语言不自信。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.waited B．chose C．managed D．agreed 答案：B 解析：根据上文作者对于讲新语言不自信可知，作者在课堂上总是选择不说话。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.saved B．shocked C．moved D．changed 答案：D 解析：根据第三段中的“After that everything changed.”可知，新学校的第一堂体育课彻底改变了作者。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.but B．so C．because D．though 答案：A 解析：根据空前“It was a school rule...”以及空后“I just sat and watched everyone play”可知，此处存在转折关系。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.independent B．busy C．energetic D．quiet 答案：C 解析：根据空后“I was very jealous”可知，作者是一个精力充沛的人，看着同学们在玩，感到非常嫉妒。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.neighbours B．friends C．teachers D．classmates 答案：D 解析：根据上文“I just sat and watched everyone play”可知，当作者看着自己的同学们玩时，他很嫉妒。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.thoughts B．worries C．suggestions D．memories 答案：A 解析：根据空前“I can't just sit here.What am I afraid of？”可知，这些想法进入作者的脑海中。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.allowed B．taught C．invited D．pushed 答案：D 解析：根据空后“step out of my comfort zone”可知，作者的那些想法推动作者走出舒适区。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.gave up B．cried out C．stood up D．went out 答案：C 解析：根据上文“I just sat and watched everyone play”可知，作者此时应该是站起来加入同学们中去。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.calmly B．actively C．suddenly D．rarely 答案：B 解析：根据空前“After that everything changed.”和空后“I became more willing to come to school every day.”可知，作者积极地加入了体育俱乐部。 14．A.pretend B．fear C．stop D．try 答案：B 解析：根据空后“Once you get out of it，you will build more relationships with others...”可知，作者鼓励人们不要害怕走出舒适区。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.grow B．continue C．exist D．spread 答案：A 解析：根据第二段中的“I had no 4 to speak the new language”以及作者走出舒适区后收获了很多可知，走出舒适区也有利于增强自信心。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者爬黄山的见闻和感受。 Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”. 1. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2.________ (human) are. 1．答案：What 解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。该句中的“1. is so breathtaking about the experience”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以用what；位于句首，首字母应大写。 2．答案：humans 解析：考查名词的单复数。空处作宾语从句的主语we的同位语，所以用名词复数。 The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will 3. (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the 4. (hot) the spring! Strange，isn't it? But that's how nature is—always leaving us 5. (astonish). 3．答案：undoubtedly 解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词help，所以用副词形式。 4．答案：hotter 解析：考查形容词的比较级。此处为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，意为“越……，越……”。前面用的是the colder，所以此处用the hotter。 5．答案：astonished 解析：考查词性转换。此处说明us的状态，所以用形容词形式astonished。 What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can't help wondering how hard it 6. (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain，still it highlights the whole adventure 7. offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8. (ache) legs. 6．答案：was 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用 was。 7．答案：and 解析：考查连词。空格后的动词offers与前面的动词highlights构成并列关系，所以用and。 8．答案：aching 解析：考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词sit，且legs与ache之间是主谓关系，所以用aching。 As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.It sure does in 9. (I).While you're in China，Mount Huangshan is 10.______ must to visit! 9．答案：mine 解析：考查名词性物主代词。上文提到in the visitor's memory，此处相当于in my memory，所以用mine代替my memory。 10．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。a must to visit意为“一处必须去的地方”，所以用a表示泛指。 $$