U2 Period 5 Reading for Writing-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

必修第三册 UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES Period 5　Reading for Writing 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 细读文本 落实要素 单元写作 能力提升 细读文本 落实要素 Part 1　教材原文助读   THE STONE IN THE ROAD Once upon a time there was a king who often thought，“Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” One day，he had an idea. 路上的石头 从前有个国王，他常常想：“如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，指望别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好结果。”一天，他有了一个想法。 Early one morning，the king disguised① himself and went to a local village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple② tree and watched. ①disguise/dIs'ɡaIz/vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n.[U]伪装；[C，U]化装用具 in disguise乔装 ②maple/'meIpl/n.枫树；槭树 一天清晨，国王乔装打扮后去了当地一个村庄。他在一条大街中间放了一块大石头，并把一些金币藏在石头下面。然后他躲在一棵大枫树后面观察。 The first person down the street was a milkman③ with his cart④.He crashed into the stone，spilling⑤ the milk everywhere. “What fool put this stone here？” he shouted.He picked himself up⑥ and angrily went away. 本句为简单句。v.-ing形式spilling the milk everywhere在句中作结果状语。 ③milkman n．[C](尤指英国的)送奶工 [构词法] milkman是由“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词。类似的词还有newspaper报纸，workshop车间，bookstore书店等。 ④cart/kɑːt/n.[C]手推车；运货马车 a horse and cart 一套马车 ⑤spill/spIl/vt. & vi.(spilled/spilt，spilled/spilt)(使)洒出；(使)溢出 ⑥pick oneself up (跌倒后)站起来 沿街走来的第一个人是推着手推车的送奶工。他撞上了石头，牛奶洒得到处都是。“哪个傻瓜把这块石头放在这里了？”他大喊道。他站起来，愤怒地走开了。 After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing⑦ a pot of water on her head.One woman tripped over⑧ the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.She picked herself up and limped⑨ away in tears⑩.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. 此处为独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。 ⑦balance vt. & vi.使(在某物上)保持平衡，立稳 ⑧trip over被……绊倒 trip vi.绊，绊倒vt.将……绊倒，使跌倒 ⑨limp/lImp/vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走 ⑩in tears流着泪；含着泪 tear/tIə(r)/n.[C](常用复数)眼泪；泪水 过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。一位妇女被石头绊倒，她的水罐掉在了地上。她站起来，一瘸一拐地哭着走了。她和她的朋友们都没有想过把石头从路上移开。 The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone，but he found nobody making an attempt⑪ to move it.The king was in despair⑫.“Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from⑬ harm⑭？” 此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 ⑪attempt n．[C，U]试图；企图；尝试v.努力，尝试，试图 make an attempt to do sth.试图做某事 at the/one's first attempt (某人)首次尝试时 in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事 attempt to do sth.试图做某事 ⑫in despair处于绝望中 despair/dI'speə(r)/n.[U]绝望vi.绝望；感到无望 ⑬keep sb.from sth./doing sth.让某人远离某事物/防止某人做某事 keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事 ⑭harm/hɑːm/n.[U] & vt.伤害；损害 国王一整天都看着许多人抱怨这块石头，但他发现没有人试图挪走它。国王陷入了绝望。“难道这个村子里就没有人觉得自己有责任保护自己的邻居不受伤害吗？” Just then，the king saw a young girl coming along.She was the daughter of a local farmer.She had been working all day and was very tired.But when she saw the stone, she said to herself，“This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark.I'll move it out of the way.” 就在这时，国王看见一个年轻的女孩走了过来。她是当地的一个农民的女儿。她已经工作了一整天，非常疲惫。但当她看到那块石头时，她自言自语道：“这块石头对天黑后走这条街的任何人来说都很危险。我要把它从路上移开。” The girl pushed the stone with all her might⑮.After a great deal of⑯ effort⑰， she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street. Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been！ 本句为复合句。其中when在此处引导时间状语从句，该从句中又包含一个where引导的地点状语从句。 ⑮might/maIt/n.力量，威力 with all one's might用尽某人的全力 ⑯a great deal (of)大量 ⑰effort n．[U，C]气力；努力；[C]艰难的尝试；试图；尽力 那个女孩用尽全力去推石头。花了很大的功夫后，她终于成功地把它挪到了街边。想象一下，当她看到原本放石头的地方有许多金币时，她有多么惊讶！ Just then，the king stepped out from behind the tree.“Oh sir，” the girl said, “does this gold belong to you? If not, we surely must find the owner，for he will certainly miss it.” The king said，“My dear, the gold is mine.I put it in the road and moved the stone over it.Now the gold is yours，because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people.” 就在这时，国王从树后走了出来。“噢，先生，”女孩说，“这些金子是你的吗？如果不是，我们必须找到失主，不然他一定会丢失它的。” 国王说：“亲爱的姑娘，金子是我的。我把它放在路上，还把石头搬来放上去。现在金子是你的了，因为你是唯一一个学到了我想给我的人民上的一课的人。” Part 2　语篇研析 Activity 1　细节把握 1．The king placed a large stone in the middle of the main street to ． A．stop the milkman and ask for some milk B．test the villagers' strength C．play a joke on the women carrying water D．see who had the virtue to move it to the side of the street D 2．The king hid gold coins under the stone to ． A．reward the people who moved the large stone B．test who was greedy (贪婪的) C．make the villagers rich D．see if the girl was honest A 3．When the king found nobody made an attempt to move the stone，he felt ． A．angry　　　　　　　 B．scared C．disappointed D．curious C 4．At last，the king ． A．punished the milkman B．gave the gold coins to the girl C．was very angry and left without saying anything D．moved the stone to the side of the street by himself B Activity 2　文章架构 1．Read the text again and fill in the blanks to grasp the main idea. (1) (title) is (2) (type).(3)_______ (who) wanted to (4) (why) so (5)________ ___________________________________________________________________________________(what). The Stone in the Road an old fable A king teach his people a lesson he placed a large stone on the road, hid gold coins under it and watched people's responses 2．We can use the following outline to write a review of a fable. Paragraph 1：Basic information about the story ·What is the title of the story？ ·What kind of story is it？ ·What is the main idea of the story？ Paragraph 2：Your analysis of the story ·What is the author's purpose？ ·Were the details of the story clear？ ·Do you think the story achieved its purpose？ Paragraph 3：Your opinion about the story ·What did you like about the story？ ·What didn't you like about the story？ ·Would you recommend this story to others？ Activity 3　增分靓句 1．Read the text and find out the sentence with which the author begins the story. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Once upon a time there was a king who often thought，“Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” 2．Read the text and find out the sentences with which the author describes some details of the story. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ (1)After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head. (2)One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. (3)She picked herself up and limped away in tears. 3．Read the text and find out the sentence that can be used to present some moral meanings. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems. 单元写作 能力提升 Part 1　单元写作任务：写一篇寓言评论   本单元的写作任务是写一篇寓言评论。寓言是一种讽喻或寄托的故事，是一种形象与寓意相结合的文学体裁，里面有着丰富的思想内容或深刻的人生哲理。 对寓言的评论一般包括以下三点： 1．寓言故事的基本信息，如题目、故事梗概等。 2．针对寓言故事的分析，如作者的写作目的等。 3．针对寓言故事的观点或想法，如你很欣赏或不赞成故事中的哪一点，你是否会把这则寓言推荐给你的朋友等。 【常用表达】 一、引述材料常用句型 1．A Little Horse Crosses the River is one of the most popular fables I have ever read，which impressed me a lot then.《小马过河》是我曾经读过的最受欢迎的寓言之一，当时它给我留下了很深刻的印象。 2．I'm more than delighted to introduce my favourite fable to you，whose name is The Stone in the Road.我非常高兴地把我最喜欢的寓言故事介绍给你们，它的名字为《路上的石头》。 二、分析材料常用句型 1．The fable tells us that one good turn deserves another.这则寓言告诉我们，善有善报。 2．As a matter of fact, the fable mirrors that different attitudes may bring about different results.事实上，这则寓言反映了不同的态度会带来不同的结果。 3．The fable is intended to tell people that where there is a will，there is a way.这则寓言试图告诉人们：有志者，事竟成。 三、总结全文常用句型 1．The fable is also sending such a message to us：do well what we should do，and life will return us well.这则寓言也向我们传达了这样一个信息：做好我们该做的每一件事，生活就会给我们一个好的回馈。 2．The fable tells us that hard work never fails to pay off.We should be diligent in order to have a better future.这则寓言告诉我们：努力工作终会获得回报。为了有一个更加美好的未来，我们应该勤奋努力。 3．The fable I have read is so educational/instructive that I plan to recommend it to all my friends.我读的这则寓言很有教育意义，因此我打算把它推荐给我所有的朋友。 4．I think the fable is well worth reading，which mirrors the life conditions of those young people.我认为这则寓言非常值得一读，它反映了那些年轻人的生活现状。 假定你是李华，请你给学校英语校报写一篇关于《孔融让梨》的英文评论，内容包括： 1．故事梗概； 2．内容分析； 3．个人观点。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 审题谋篇： 第一步　明确要求 该写作属于故事评论，故要用________人称和________人称来写；主题是介绍《孔融让梨》的故事并发表个人观点，故用____________时和____________时。 第一 第三 一般过去 一般现在 第二步　确定段落 本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手： Para.1　简要介绍____________________； Para.2　分析________________________； Para.3　表达________________________。 这个寓言故事的内容 这个寓言故事反映的哲理 自己的感悟和看法 第三步　提炼要点 1．一个关于美德的故事 ____________________ 2．按长幼次序给人们分梨 ______________________________________________________ 3．尊重长辈 ____________________ 4．达到教育世人的目的 _________________________________________ 5．把这个故事推荐给读者 ________________________________ a story of virtue distribute the pears among people according to the order of age respect the elderly serve its purpose of educating the world well recommend this story to the readers 第四步　句式升级 1．The story is short. The thread is clear. It serves its purpose of educating the world well.(一般表达) →____________________________________， it serves its purpose of educating the world well. (with 介词短语)(高级表达) With its short story and clear thread 2．I like this story very much, so I would like to recommend it to the readers.(一般表达) →I like this story __________________________________________ __________．(so...that...)(高级表达) so much that I would like to recommend it to the readers 连句成篇： Kong Rong Gives Up the Biggest Pear is a story of virtue. When Kong Rong was four years old, he could distribute the pears among people according to the order of age. Everyone got his share, but the one given to himself was the smallest.He said respecting the elderly is the principle of life. The author wishes us to respect the elderly and not to be selfish.With its short story and clear thread, it serves its purpose of educating the world well. I like this story so much that I would like to recommend it to the readers. 评分判断： Does the writer give a short description of the story? Does the writer give his/her opinions about the characters or their actions? Is the review well-organized? Are there any grammar，spelling，or punctuation errors? 最近你在《伊索寓言》(Aesop's Fables)中读了《狐狸和葡萄》(The Fox and the Grapes)的故事。故事中狐狸因为摘不到葡萄而故意说葡萄是酸的。这个故事告诉我们：在现实生活中，我们有时也会和狐狸一样，在面对错误或问题时，不是勇敢地去解决，而是不断为自己找借口。现在请你根据故事内容并结合自己的情况或某些社会现象写一篇评论。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Recently I read a small story in Aesop's Fables，whose name is The Fox and the Grapes. It is very clear that the fox was looking for an excuse for his not being able to pick grapes. After reading the fable I realize that when we are wrong we should not find or make up an excuse to cover up our own problems.Instead, we should bravely admit the mistakes and try to correct them.Only in this way might we succeed someday；otherwise，we may also become the “sour fox”． Part 2　读后续写日积月累 Ⅰ.课文经典挖掘品鉴——与“品格及性格”相关的单元词汇 名词 moral，virtue，saving，principle，tear，despair，harm 动词 (短语) carry sb.through sth.，complain，tend，scare，assist，disguise 形容词 passive，energetic，flexible Ⅱ.扣点描述句式呈现 1．I took a huge and satisfying bite of food.我狼吞虎咽地吃了一口食物。 2．Driven by curiosity, Grady walked on tiptoe, moving closer to have a look at it.在好奇心的驱使下，格雷迪踮起脚尖，走近一看。 3．She covered her mouth, laughing.她捂住嘴笑了。 4．Then trembling and sweating, I began to climb, with my heart beating wildly. 然后，我浑身发抖，满头大汗，开始攀爬，心脏狂跳。 5．Then something caught her eye.A rusty object was poking out of the soil.Mary leaned forward and tugged at it，her heart thudding.然后有什么东西吸引了她的注意。一个生锈的东西从土里探出来。玛丽俯下身去，拉了一下，心怦怦直跳。 $$