U9 Period 6 (2)：Phrasal Verbs (2)[短语动词(2)]-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（北师大版）

选择性必修第三册 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY Period 6　Focus on Language 单元语法(2)：Phrasal Verbs (2)[短语动词(2)] 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] ①This traffic problem led to the development of the underground system. ②In 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up... ③When London was bombed, many underground stations functioned as bomb shelters. ④But you will have to fill in a form and then we will decide on the best way. ⑤We could split up into groups, and come at different times. ⑥I can call you back later. 我的发现： 1．以上例句中黑体部分在句中作谓语；它们不是一个词单独作谓语而是由动词加____________ 一起作谓语。 2．①③④句中黑体部分的构成特点是它们都是由动词加______ 构成的，相当于及物动词，可以直接带宾语。 3．②句中黑体部分的构成特点是由动词加__________ 构成的，其后不接宾语；若接宾语，需要加______，如⑤句。 4．⑥句中黑体部分的构成特点是由动词加副词构成的，其后可以加宾语。宾语为代词时，必须放在________________。 介词或副词 介词 副词 介词 动词与副词之间 [知识精要] 一、短语动词的常见构成方式及特点 1．动词＋副词 该类短语动词分及物和不及物两类。 Please turn off every light in the house.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(不及物) [名师点津]　(1)及物动词短语后的宾语为名词时，副词放在宾语前后皆可。但如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。 (2)如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。 He gave the secret away. ＝He gave away the secret. 他泄露了秘密。 The basket is very light. I can easily pick it up.这个篮子很轻，我可以容易地拿起来它。 2．动词＋介词 该类短语动词相当于及物动词。动词与介词不能分开，宾语只能放在介词之后。 I'm looking for my glasses.我正在找我的眼镜。 Taking enough exercise contributes to good health.进行足够的锻炼有助于身体健康。 [名师点津]　同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大差异。比如：look after “照料”；look at “看”；look for “寻找”；look into “调查”。 3．动词＋副词＋介词 I look forward to seeing you soon.我盼望尽快见到你。 How can you put up with all these for so long？你怎么能容忍这一切这么长时间？ 二、常见的重点短语动词 1．以break为中心的短语 break away from　脱离，逃离，甩掉 break down　消除，粉碎，瓦解；出故障，拋锚 break into　闯入；强行进入 break out　爆发；突然发生 break through　突破 break up　解散；破碎 2．以bring为中心的短语 bring about　导致，引起，促使 bring back　带回；使回忆；使恢复 bring down　使下降，降低；打倒 bring out　使显出；使显现；出版；生产 bring up　抚养，养育；培养 bring in　赚得，挣；引入；收获(农作物等) 3．以call为中心的短语 call for　需要，要求 call in　召集 call off　取消；停止进行 call on　拜访(某人)，号召 call out　大声喊，呼唤 call up　打电话给……；使想起 4．以come为中心的短语 come about　发生 come across　偶然发现，遇到 come down　倒下；降落；跌落 come to　苏醒；复原；共计；达到 come up　走近；上楼；流行起来；发芽，上来；(问题)被提出 come up with　提出；想出 come out　出版；出现；结果是 5．以get为中心的短语 get across　度过，通过，横过；说服，使被理解 get along (with)　(与……)相处；进展 get around　四处走动；传播；影响 get down to　认真对待；开始做 get off　送走；脱下(衣服)；下车；动身 get over　恢复，痊愈；克服；完成 get rid of　除去，去掉；免除；摆脱 get hold of　抓住；把握；得到；联系 get through　拨通(电话)；到达；完成；通过；用完 6．以give为中心的短语 give away　赠送；放弃；泄露；颁发 give back　归还；反射 give in　屈服，让步，投降 give off　发出(烟，气味等) give out　 分发，公布，发出；(使)筋疲力尽；用完 give up　放弃；停止 give way to　让步，退却；屈服于 7．以go为中心的短语 go about　走来走去；(谣言等)流传；着手做 go against　反对；不利于；违背 go ahead　前进，进展，继续；开始做 go by　经过，过去 go in for　喜欢；参加；赞成；从事 go over　温习，检查 go through　审查；履行；通过；经历；完成 go up　上升，上涨 go without　没有……也行 8．以look为中心的短语 look about　四下环顾；查看；考虑 look around　东张西望，环视 look back on/upon ...　回顾…… look down on/upon　俯视；轻视，看不起 look forward to　盼望；期待 look into　窥视；调查 look on/upon　旁观；对待 look on/upon ...as ...　把……看作…… look out　向外看；注意；当心，提防 look over　从上面看过去；检查，查看；忽略 look through　透过……看去；看穿；浏览，彻底调查 look up　查阅；抬头看；好转 look up to　仰望；尊敬 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.用适当的介词或者副词填空 1．Make sure how many people are going to bring ____________ the wheat tomorrow. 2．She was too fat to get ____________ the door. 3．The old lady gave ____________ most of her savings to help those poor children who couldn't go to school. 4．It'd be much better to put ____________ the meeting till next week. in through away off 5．Yesterday I came ____________ an old friend in the hospital.I asked him how it came ____________ that he fell ill.He said he had been staying up late to write a book.Finally the book came ____________，but he came ____________． 6．Tom couldn't get on well ____________ his lessons when he first came to the school.What the teacher said didn't get ____________ to him.His father told him to get ____________ what the teacher said and he got ____________ the difficulties at last. across about out down with across down over Ⅱ.完成句子 1．一般来说，学生尊敬那些博学的、有耐心的老师。 Generally speaking, students ________________________ who are knowledgeable and patient. 2．据报道，警察很快就会调查两名儿童失踪的案件。 It is reported that the police will soon ________________________ of two missing children. look up to the teachers look into the case 3．她想在聚会上炫耀自己的新婚丈夫。 She wanted ________________ her new husband at the party. 4．在很多动物的世界里，夜晚是专门用来睡觉的时间——纯粹而简单。 In much of the animal world, night is the time ___________________ —pure and simple. to show off set aside for sleep 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.用适当的介词或者副词填空 1．Just a little patience and we will look ____________ the problem you put forward soon. 2．Go ____________ your lessons again before the examination. 3．The government calls ____________ everyone to protect our environment. 4．Though brought ____________ in the countryside, he adapted to the city life quickly. into over on up 5．Kids are usually easily taken ____________， so we should take good care of them. 6．George is going ____________ a hard time.He always goes in ____________ E-sports，which goes ____________ his parents' will.His parents are more glad to see him going ____________ his lessons. in through for against over Ⅱ.完成句子 1．“你还想买什么？” “什么也不能买了，因为我的钱已经用完了。” —What else do you want to buy? —I can't, because my money ______________ already. 2．如果你跟同学合作的话，相同的工作你一定会做得更好。 If you ________________________________， you will surely get the same work done far better. has run out team up with your classmates 3．有时司机们会给他小费，所以他刚好有足够的钱来维持生存。 Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money ____________________． 4．那位老工人昨天在会上提出了一个非常实用的计划，但被经理拒绝了。 The old worker ________________________________ at the meeting yesterday, but it was turned down by the manager. to live on put forward a very practical plan Ⅲ.完形填空 On my way back home I was stopped at the traffic lights by some people who asked for help.A woman—in her attempt to give 1 to an ambulance—had driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car 2 ．She couldn't move the car in any direction without damaging it.A couple of people tried to 3 the car back but the obstacles were too high.Seeing that they couldn't do much about it, they left.The woman in the car tried to 4 some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there. While watching the other people 5 ， I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how 6 that would be if I were in her shoes.After some talking, she invited me to sit inside her car. I wasn't in a hurry, so I 7 my family that I would be later and then tried to 8 the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others trouble.But actually it wasn't too much trouble 9 they could still pass, and also there wasn't anything she could do about it 10 ．We laughed and joked that all we needed was some tea for our picnic. Finally 11 came and helped her back on the street.She 12 me and asked for my phone number so she could return the favor，but I told her it was okay.She seemed to feel much 13 when we said our goodbyes.I believe that not having to face a difficult situation 14 can make a lot of 15 ． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。 2 3 1 4 1．A.signal　　　　　 B．way C．time D．help 答案：B 根据文章内容可知，一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。give way to“让行”，为固定搭配。故选B。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.stuck B．broken C．dirty D．abandoned 答案：A 根据下文“She couldn't move the car”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能动弹。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.lift B．hold C．pull D．drive 答案：A 根据上文“She couldn't move the car”以及下文“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.offer B．seek C．refuse D．take 答案：B 根据下文“and was told that...to get there”可知，那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些服务。 5．A.shout B．discuss C．stand D．leave 答案：D 根据上文中的“Seeing that they couldn't do much about it, they left.”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开(leave)了。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.amazing B．pleasant C．uneasy D．incredible 答案：C 根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)，与下文“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others trouble”相呼应。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.consulted B．warned C．advised D．informed 答案：D 根据语境及下文“I would be later”可推知，作者告知(informed)家人一些情况。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.persuade B．comfort C．frighten D．satisfy 答案：B 根据空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others trouble”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰(comfort)她，这与下文“We laughed and joked that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.”呼应。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.though B．until C．since D．unless 答案：C 根据语境可推知，此处前后内容表示逻辑上的因果关系。故since“因为”符合语境。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.anyway B．therefore C．still D．somehow 答案：A 根据上文“She couldn't move the car in any direction without damaging it.”可推知，无论如何(anyway)，那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.news B．my partner C．assistance D．an ambulance 答案：C 根据下文中的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最终援助(assistance)到了，帮那位女士回到了路上。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.greeted B．thanked C．accepted D．attracted 答案：B 根据语境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最终解困后应该是感谢(thanked)作者。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.nervous B．unwilling C．disappointed D．better 答案：D 根据语境可知，那位女士从困境中解脱出来，感觉比之前好了许多。故D项符合语境。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.alone B．bravely C．bitterly D．directly 答案：A 根据上文可知，由于作者的帮助和安慰，那位女士最终心情变好了许多，由此可推知，她当时不是独自(alone)面对困境的。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.decision B．fortune C．choice D．difference 答案：D 作者认为不用独自面对困境可以对人的心理产生很大影响(difference)。 Ⅳ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，适量运动对身体有益，但过量运动却对身体有害处。 Running a few kilometers each day is good 1. our health.However, new research says running too much could be bad for us.Running long distances 2. (regular) for many years could make our life 3. (short), not longer.A researcher said too much running can create plaque (斑) inside your heart，4. can lead to heart disease.He wrote that running too much for many years takes away the good things from exercise.He 5. (add) that the risk of heart disease could be 6. same as someone who never exercised. 1．考查介词。句意：每天跑几公里对我们的健康有好处。be good for...意为“对……有好处；有益于……”，故本空应填介词for。 答案：for 2．考查词性转换。句意：常年进行长距离跑步会使我们的寿命变短，而不是变长。本空修饰动词，故应用副词regularly“经常地”。 答案：regularly 3．考查形容词的比较级。由设空后的“longer”可知，本空应用形容词的比较级shorter。 答案：shorter 4．考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰plaque，本空在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which。 答案：which 5．考查动词的时态。本空描述过去的动作，与上一句“He wrote...”时态相一致，故应用一般过去时。 答案：added 6．考查冠词。the same as...是固定搭配，意为“与……一致”。 答案：the Researchers said men who ran marathons for 25 years had 62% more 7. (problem) in their heart than men who did little or no exercise.Another man said he felt 8. (cheat).He started running marathons in 1967.He used 9. (run) 60 kilometers every week.He said，“The doctor advised people 10. (exercise) frequently but not to overdo things.” 7．考查名词的单复数。句意：研究人员说，那些跑了25年马拉松的人，他们的心脏问题比那些很少或不运动的人多62%。根据空前的more可知，本空应用名词的复数形式。 答案：problems 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：另一个人说他感觉被骗了。根据句意可知，本空应用“feel＋过去分词形式”，表示被动。 答案：cheated 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：他过去每周跑60公里。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，故本空应填不定式to run。 答案：to run 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：医生建议人们经常锻炼，但不要过度。advise sb.to do sth.意为“建议某人做某事”，故本空应填to exercise。 答案：to exercise $$