U7 Period 5 Lesson 2 & Lesson 3—Language Points-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（北师大版）

必修第三册 UNIT 7　ART Period 5　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3—Language Points 词汇识记 1．male adj.男(性)的 female adj.女(性)的 Whether you are female or male, you can sign up for the international organization and master related knowledge. 无论你是女性还是男性，你都可以报名参加这个国际组织，掌握相关知识。 2．mask n．面具；口罩 Apart from taking in less sugars and eating more vegetables，what we should also do is that we must wear masks outdoors. 除了摄入更少的糖分和多吃蔬菜外，我们还应该做的是在户外必须戴口罩。 3．clown n．小丑 We saw a clown on the carriage, whose performance amused the viewers, brightening up our day. 我们在马车上看到一个小丑，他的表演逗乐了观众，使我们的一天变得明亮起来。 4．emotion n．情感 emotional adj.情绪上的；情感上的 emotionally adv.情感上；情绪上 Emotional problems can arise from a physical cause, and good emotions benefit our physical health. Therefore, we’d better avoid being emotionally unhealthy. 情绪问题可能是由身体原因引起的，而良好的情绪有利于我们的身体健康。因此，我们最好避免情绪不健康。 5．acrobatics n．杂技 As we all know，acrobatics is hard to learn but beautiful to watch. 众所周知，杂技不好学，但很好看。 6．master vt.掌握，精通n.大师；主人 Dogs are friends of human not only because they are lovely but also because they are faithful to their master. 狗是人类的朋友，不仅因为它们可爱， 而且因为它们忠实于主人。 7．refer v．提到；谈到 reference n．参考；涉及，提及；参考书目 refer to提到；指的是；描述；查阅 Why not keep reference books on hand so that you can refer to them at any time? 何不把参考书放在手边，以便随时查阅？ 8．pattern n．图案；花样，式样 The food is served on a delicate plate with a beautiful pattern of flowers. 食物盛在一个精致的盘子里，盘子上有美丽的花朵图案。 9．otherwise adv.否则；要不然 I must have the rooftop of my house repaired，otherwise it would leak water. 我必须把我房子的屋顶修理一下，否则它会漏水。 10．complex adj.复杂的 11．aspect n．方面 Friendships are beneficial to people in many aspects, and can make you mentally healthy. 友谊在很多方面对人们有益，而且能使你心理健康。 12．genius n．天才 I am increasingly convinced that Tom is a genius who is talented in acrobatics. 我越来越相信汤姆是一个天才，他在杂技方面很有天赋。 13．symphony n．交响乐，交响曲 My father is a symphony musician, whose hobby is calligraphy. 我父亲是一位爱好书法的交响音乐家。 14．minor adj.(音乐)小调的；小的；不很重要的 minority n．少数民族；少数派 Honestly speaking, a minority of students in my class made this minor mistake. 老实说，我们班只有少数学生犯了这个小错误。 15．composer n．作曲家 compose vt.作(曲)；构成；写作 composition n．作品；作文；构成 be composed of 由……组成 An ordinary composer composed a striking composition last week, which was beyond our expectations. 一名普通的作曲家上周创作了一部令人惊叹的作品，这超出了我们的预料。 Much to my satisfaction, my composition is highly thought of by all the teachers. 令我非常满意的是，我的作文得到了所有老师的高度评价。 16．struggle n．奋斗v.奋斗，拼搏 We will struggle fairly hard to survive if we are in danger and in no sense will we give up the struggle. 我们如果遇到危险会竭力挣扎着活下来，我们决不会放弃斗争。 17．proceed vi.继续进行 Faced with failure again and again, he didn’t lose faith; instead, he proceeded to pursue his dream and won the election eventually. 一次又一次面对失败，他没有失去信心；相反，他继续追求自己的梦想并最终赢得了选举。 18．note n．单音，音调，音符 19．score n．乐谱；比分；成绩 Thanks to your generous help, now I can get twice as many scores as before. 多亏您的慷慨帮助，我现在的分数是从前的两倍。 20．respond vi.& vt.回应，回复 response n．回应，回复；反应，响应 make no response to...对……没有作出回应 That composer made no response to my enquiry, which made me boil with anger. 那个作曲家对我的询问没有作出任何回应，这让我怒不可遏。 Every time I asked him for advice, he would respond to me immediately. 每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。 21．backstage adj.后台的 adv.在后台 The performers in costumes were walking up and down backstage. 穿着戏服的演员们在后台走来走去。 22．tense adj.紧张的；焦虑不安的 23．conductor n．指挥 conduct vt.组织；执行；指挥 The new conductor has conducted many bands and under his guidance, the virtual choir has won many prizes. 这位新指挥曾指挥过许多乐队，在他的指导下， 虚拟合唱团多次获奖。 24．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇 hesitation n．犹豫；疑虑 without hesitation毫不犹豫地 hesitate to do sth.迟疑做某事 Whenever you are in trouble, do not hesitate to turn to me for help. 无论你何时遇到困难，都要毫不犹豫地向我寻求帮助。 Each time I was in trouble, my friend would come to my assistance without hesitation. 每次我遇到麻烦时，我的朋友都会毫不犹豫地来帮助我。 25．charge n．主管；负责 in charge of掌管，负责 I am in charge of the English listening contest to be held in the school hall on December 10th. 我负责将于12月10日在学校礼堂举行的英语听力比赛。 26．joyous adj.欢乐的，令人愉快的 joy n．欢乐，愉快 My son buried himself in learning this semester，which made me wild with joy. 这学期我儿子埋头学习，这让我欣喜若狂。 Life should not only be competitive but also be joyous. 生活不应只是竞争性的，也应是令人愉悦的。 27．signal vt.标志着；预示 n．标识 You will be confused by the signals that someone is sending you. 你会对别人发来的信号感到困惑。 28．broad adj.宽阔的；广博的 broad smile满面的笑容 From then on，he greeted me with a broad smile whenever he met me on the street. 从那以后，每当他在街上遇到我，他都会带着满面的微笑跟我打招呼。 The man standing there was tall, with broad shoulders and a beard. 站在那里的那个人身材高大、肩膀宽阔，留着胡子。 29．advertisement n．广告 advertise vi.&.vt.(为……)做广告；宣传；征聘 advertiser n．广告商 All the advertisers make use of advertisements to help producers advertise their products. 所有的广告商都利用广告帮助制造商宣传他们的产品。 30．youth n．(青)少年 During her early youth she preferred playing the piano to reading books. 在她年轻的时候，比起读书， 她更喜欢弹钢琴。 31．contest n．比赛，竞赛 I am writing to invite you to participate in the English poetry reciting contest to be held next weekend. 我写信邀请你参加下周末举行的英语诗歌朗诵比赛。 32．martial adj.军事的；战争的 martial arts武术 The martial arts performance at the opening ceremony left a deep impression on all people present. 开幕式上的武术表演给在场的所有人留下了深刻的印象。 33．documentary n．纪录片 The documentary caused a lot of bad feeling, not least among the workers whose lives it described. 那部纪录片引起了许多人的反感，尤其是在片中描写到其生活的工人。 34．currently adv.当前；现时 current adj.现时的，当前的n.气流；潮流 Currently students have been placed into classes based on their current language skills and scores. 目前，学生们是根据他们目前的语言技能和分数被分到不同的班级。 An extremely strong cold current suddenly struck the nation before New Year’s Day. But currently, everything returns to normal. 元旦之前，一股极强的寒流突然袭击了这个国家。但目前，一切都恢复正常了。 35．acceptable adj.可接受的 Currently, such behaviour is actually acceptable in our society, which is beyond our expectations. 目前，这种行为在我们的社会中实际上是可以接受的，这超出了我们的预期。 36．individual n．个人，个体 Most travel agents are prepared to tailor travel arrangements to meet individual requirements. 为了满足个别需要，大多数旅行社都愿意做出专门的旅游安排。 37．appreciate v．感激；欣赏 appreciation n．欣赏；感谢 I would appreciate it if you could help me to watch over my pet dog while I am on holiday. 如果你能在我度假时帮我照看宠物狗，我会很感激的。 I am writing to show my appreciation to you for your generous help and heartwarming comfort when I was at a loss. 我写信向你表示感谢，感谢你在我不知所措时给予的慷慨帮助和温暖的安慰。 38．faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地 faith n．信仰；信念；信任；忠实 faithful adj.忠实的，忠诚的 Keep it up，I have a strong faith in you to win the contest. 坚持下去，我坚信你会赢得此次比赛。 39．expressive adj.富于感情的；明确表露想法的 express v．表示；表露；表达 expression n．表情；神色 The novelist’s works are all expressive, most of which express his dissatisfaction with the authority. 这位小说家的作品感情都很丰富，大部分都表达了他对权威的不满。 Judging from his determined expression, I am sure he will not give up in any case. 从他坚定的表情来看，我相信他无论如何都不会放弃。 40．artistic adj.美术的；艺术的 artist n．画家；艺术家 Born in a very artistic family，he has the ambition to become an artist in the future. 他出生在一个艺术世家，立志将来成为一名艺术家。 41．extensively adv.广泛地；大规模地；全面地 All these issues have been extensively researched in recent years. 所有这些问题在近年来都得到广泛地研究。 42．symbolism n．象征主义 symbol n．象征；符号 symbolize vt.象征；代表 The symbolism of every gesture will be of vital importance during the short state visit. 这次短暂的国事访问中的一举一动都有极其重要的象征意义。 As to the meaning of the symbol, your interpretation is completely opposite to its actual meaning. 关于这个符号的含义，你的解释与它的真正含义完全相反。 43．sculptor n．雕刻家 sculpture n．雕像；雕刻品；雕塑术 sculpt vt.雕刻，雕塑 The famous sculptor sculpted an ice sculpture, which left a deep impression on all the tourists. 这位著名的雕刻家雕刻了一座冰雕，给所有的游客留下了深刻的印象。 44．admiration n．敬佩；羡慕 admire vt.钦佩；欣赏 admirable adj.令人钦佩的；极其出色的 admirer n．爱慕者；钦佩者 admiring adj. 赞赏的 45.best-selling adj.畅销的 Harry Potter is a film based on a best-selling novel. 《哈利·波特》是一部基于畅销小说的影片。 46．permission n．允许；许可 permit v．许可；允许 We don’t permit launching a campaign without the government’s permission in this district. 未经政府许可，我们不允许在这个地区发起运动。 47．threatening adj.(行为)带有威胁的 threat n．威胁，恐吓 threaten vt.威胁；恐吓 threatened adj.受到威胁的 It is obvious that the kid won’t give in to these threatening words. 很明显，这个孩子不会屈服于这些威胁性的话。 While the Internet makes our life more convenient, it also poses a great threat to our health. 虽然网络使我们的生活更加便利，但它也对我们的健康构成了巨大威胁。 There is no denying that rapid economic development has threatened animals’ habitats. 无可否认，快速的经济发展已经威胁到了动物的栖息地。 48．messy adj.脏的；凌乱的 Coal mining is a messy business, often wreaking terrible environmental damage. 采矿是很脏的行业，往往造成严重的环境破坏。 49．punishable adj.可依法惩处的 It’s obvious that the journalist is punishable in the sight of law. 很明显，从法律角度讲这名记者应该依法受到惩处。 默写练习 【限时：20分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．______ vt.掌握，精通 n．大师；主人 2．_______ n．图案；花样，式样 3．_________ adv.否则；要不然 4．_______ adj.复杂的 master pattern otherwise complex 5．______ n．方面 6．______ n．天才 7．________ n．奋斗vi.奋斗，拼搏 8．_____ adj.紧张的；焦虑不安的 9．______ n．主管；负责 10．______ vt.标志着；预示n.标识 11．_____ adj.宽阔的；广博的 aspect genius struggle tense charge signal broad 12．__________ n．个人，个体 13．________ n．雕刻家 14．____________ adj.畅销的 15．____ adj.男(性)的→______ adj.女(性)的 16．_______ n．情感→_________ adj.情绪的；易激动的→___________ adv.感情上 individual sculptor best-selling male female emotion emotional emotionally 17．_____ v．提到；谈到→_________ n．参考；涉及，提及；参考书目 18．_____ adj.(音乐)小调的；小的；不很重要的→________ n．少数民族；少数派 19．_______ vt.作(曲)；构成；写作→________ n．作曲家 20．_______ vi.& vt.回应， 回复→__________ n．响应；反应；回答 refer reference minor minority compose composer respond response 21．_________ n．指挥→_______ vt.指挥；进行 22．________ vi.犹豫；踌躇→__________ n．犹豫 23．______ adj.欢乐的，令人愉快的→___ n．欢乐，愉快 24．_____________ n．广告→_________ vt.为……做广告→__________ n．广告商 25．_________ adv.当前；现时→_______ adj.现在的；流通的，通用的n.(水， 气， 电)流；趋势 conductor conduct hesitate hesitation joyous joy advertisement advertise advertiser currently current 26．__________ vt.感激；欣赏→____________ n．欣赏；感谢 27．__________ adv.忠诚地，忠实地→_____ n．信仰；信念；信任；忠实→________ adj.忠实的，忠诚的 28．________ adj.美术的；艺术的→______ n．画家；艺术家 29．_________ n．象征主义→______ n．象征；符号；标志→_________ vt.象征；用符号表现 appreciate appreciation faithfully faith faithful artistic artist symbolism symbol symbolize 30．__________ n．敬佩；羡慕→______ vt.钦佩；赞美 →_________ adj.令人钦佩的；极好的；值得赞扬的 31．__________ n．允许；许可→______ v．许可；允许 32．___________ adj.(行为)带有威胁的→______ n．威胁，恐吓→________ vt.威胁；恐吓→__________ adj.受到威胁的 admiration admire admirable permission permit threatening threat threaten threatened Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．The performer made no _________ (refer) to her illness but only to her future plans. 2．I went through a period of _________ (emotion) adjustment after my marriage broke up. 3．The _________ (conduct) of the performance is a young foreign girl. reference emotional conductor 4．George Gershwin，born in 1898，was one of America’s greatest _________ (composer). 5．His professional performance on the stage has gained our __________ (admire). 6．You can put an _____________ (advertise) in the local newspaper to sell your car. 7．Once you have it prepared，you must stick with it and follow it __________ (faithful). composers admiration advertisement faithfully Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1．_________ 提到 2．_________________ 把……与……结合 3．_____________________ 吸引某人的注意 4．________________ 用很高的声音 5．________________ 用好的方式 refer to combine...and... attract one’s attention in a high voice in a good way 6．________________ 被认为是；被当作是 7．_______ 增加…… 8．_______________ 负责 9．_________ 总计 be regarded as add to take charge of in total Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．While he was walking in the field，a little bird _______________ _________． 2．You could have settled the complex problem ______________． 3．It is high time that you ____________ your composition to the magazine. attracted his attention in a good way referred to 4．The singer ________________ a representative of her generation. 5．The other day I came across an old friend employed to _________ ____ your firm. 6．The soldiers were extremely tired and the heavy rain _________ their difficulty. 7．I bargained with the shop owner over the price of the costume. Finally I paid less than 200 yuan _________ for it. is regarded as take charge of added to in total 词汇精研 1.emotion n．情感；情绪 [教材原文] What emotions do the speakers express？说话者表达了什么情绪？ (1)in a good/bad emotion好/坏心情 (2)emotional adj.情绪的；易激动的；感动人的 emotionally adv.感情上；情绪上；令人激动地；情绪冲动地 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①After losing the championship, the whole team was physically and ___________ (emotional) tired. ②Mothers are often the ones who provide _________ (emotion) support for the family. ③(应用文写作之建议信)当你有好的情绪时，你可以很容易地处理问题。 You can deal with problems easily when _____________________． emotionally emotional you are in a good emotion 2.refer v．(referred；referred；referring)提到；谈到 [教材原文] I think you’re referring to the fact that performers often sing with very high voices.我想你指的是演员唱歌的声音通常都很高。 (1)refer to 提到；涉及，有关；指的是；查阅；参考；提交 refer to...as...把……称作…… refer...to...把……提交给……(以求获得帮助) (2)reference n．提及；参考；查阅 in/with reference to(所述内容)关于 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Johnson referred to the discovery __ a major breakthrough in medical science yesterday. ②No matter which viewer gives you any more trouble，please refer him __ me. ③In _________ (refer) to your question about the cost，the tickets for the drama are 35 yuan each. ④The performer that was referred to at the meeting was from a remote village. →The performer ____________________ was from a remote village. (非谓语动词) reference referred to at the meeting as to 3.otherwise adv.否则；要不然；在其他方面，除此之外 conj.然后；不然 [教材原文] Otherwise, it would have been difficult to attract the audience’s attention.否则，就很难吸引观众的注意力。 (1)otherwise一般用于句中、句首或者句末。用于句中一般作连词，后面连接句子；用于句末时常作副词，修饰动词或者整个句子。 (2)otherwise可以用于虚拟语气，相当于if not。在 otherwise 之前常常有一个暗示条件的句子。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①My parents lent me the money.Otherwise, I couldn’t ____________ (afford) the trip. ②I have an important meeting to attend this afternoon.Otherwise I _________ (go) to the bookstore with you. ③(应用文写作之道歉信)昨天下午有个不速之客。否则，我就不会迟到了。 I had an unexpected visitor yesterday afternoon.__________________ _____________________ our appointment. have afforded would go Otherwise I would not have been late for [名师点津]　(1)otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。如果表示对现在的虚拟，otherwise 之后句子中的谓语动词用 would do；如果表示对过去的虚拟， otherwise之后句子中的谓语动词用 would have done。 (2)otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”。 4.minor adj.(音乐)小调的；小的；不很重要的 [教材原文] He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827, writing more than 130 musical works, including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.直到1827年去世前，贝多芬才停止创作。他共写了130多部音乐作品，其中包括D小调第九交响曲。 (1)minority n．少数 be in the/a minority占少数 (2)major adj.主要的；重要的；主修的；较多的 n．主修科目 vi.主修 major in...主修…… (3)majority n．大半，大多数 a/the majority of大多数 in a/the majority占大多数 by/with a majority of以多数票…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I want to major ____ biology because I have long wondered about the origin of life. ②The majority of sweet peas _____ (be) still bred by enthusiastic amateur gardeners. ③在这个国家会说英语的人占少数。 People who can speak English are ________________ in this country. in are in the/a minority [名师点津]　“a/the majority of＋名词”作主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的单复数。the majority作主语时，谓语动词既可以用复数，也可以用单数。 5.struggle n．奋斗；斗争，拼搏；努力 vi.奋斗，拼搏；挣扎 [教材原文] Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces, including nine symphonies, five piano pieces, and an opera！受与失聪做斗争的启发，这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九部交响曲、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！ struggle for...为……而斗争 struggle with/against sb./sth.与某人/物抗争 struggle to do sth.努力做某事 struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①The young girl is struggling _________ (improve) her performance at school. ②They struggled all through the years _____________ all kinds of difficulties. to improve against/with ③(读后续写之动作描写)玛丽勇敢地挣扎着站起来，同扑向她的暴风雨搏斗着。 Bravely，Mary ___________________，and fought against the wind and rain beating against her. ④He worked in a large city and struggled for a better future. →He worked in a large city，_________________________．(非谓语动词) struggled to her feet struggling for a better future 6.respond vi.& vt.回应，回复 [教材原文] As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page，Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.当贝多芬骄傲地在乐谱的底部签下自己的名字时，他试着想象人们第一次听到这首曲子时会作何反应。 (1)respond to...(with...)(以……)回答……，(以……)对……作出反应 (2)response n．回答；反应；响应 make a /no response to...对……作出/没有作出回应 in response to...作为对……的回应 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I offered Jim a cup of tea, but he didn’t respond __ my offer. ②He responded to my suggestion ____ a laugh. ③They decided to hold a meeting in ________ (respond) to the incident last week. ④(应用文写作之道歉信)很抱歉昨天没有及时回复您的邮件。我忙着做研究，把它完全忘了。 I’m sorry that I didn’t _____________________ your email in time yesterday.I was so busy with my research that I forgot it completely. to with response make a response to 7.hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇 [教材原文] The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.当这位著名的作曲家12年来第一次走上舞台时，观众毫不犹豫地大声鼓掌。 (1)hesitate to do sth.迟疑做某事 hesitate about (doing) sth.做某事迟疑不决 (2)hesitation n．犹豫 have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事 without hesitation毫不犹豫地 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Please do not hesitate ___________ (contact) me if you have any questions. ②With some _______________ (hesitate) and an uncertain smile, she held out her hand. ③I hesitate _____ taking his side until I know the whole story. to contact hesitation(s) about ④(读后续写之动作描写)她毫不犹豫地脱下鞋子，跳进水里，向溺水的孩子游去。 ___________________, she took off her shoes, jumped into the water and swam to the drowning child. ⑤汤姆是我在我们学校里最好的朋友，每当我处于困境的时候，他毫不犹豫帮助我。 Tom is my best friend in our school, who _______________________ whenever I’m in trouble. Without any hesitation doesn’t hesitate to help me 8.charge n．[U]主管，负责；[C，U]指控，控告 vt.收费，要价；控告；指控；充电 [教材原文] The theatre’s musical director, Michael Umlauf, joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.剧院音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。 (1)charge sb.some money for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而收某人钱 charge sb.with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人犯……罪 (2)free of charge＝for free免费 in charge of掌管，负责(表状态) take charge of 掌管，负责(表动作) in the charge of sb.＝in one’s charge 由某人掌管/负责 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Visitors can enter the museum and see the exhibition free __ charge. ②I wonder how much you will charge us ___ the six-week courses. ③Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge __ the program? ④据说，一位年轻的天才歌手掌管着这个乐队。 →It is said that the band is _______________ a talented young singer. →It is said that a talented young singer is ______________ the band. of for of in the charge of in charge of [名师点津]　(1)in charge of意为“(某人)负责/掌管……”，主语为人；in the charge of sb.意为“(某物)由某人负责/掌管”，主语为物。 (2)类似的短语还有： ①in possession of意为“(某人)拥有……”，主语为人；in the possession of sb.意为“(某物)被某人占有”，主语为物。 ②in control of意为“(某人)管理/控制……”，主语为人；in the control of sb.意为“(某物)由某人管理/控制”，主语为物。 9.signal vt.标志着；预示；发信号；示意 n．标识；信号 [教材原文] As the final, joyous note signalled the end of the symphony, the audience jumped to their feet, clapping, cheering and waving their hats.当最后一个欢快的音符标志着交响乐的结束时，观众都跳了起来，鼓掌、欢呼，挥舞着他们的帽子。 (1)give signals/a signal发信号 a signal for help求救信号 a traffic signal交通信号 (2)signal to sb.向某人发出信号 signal (to) sb.to do sth.用信号指示某人做某事；示意某人做某事 [即学即练]——单句语法填空 ①He was badly injured，but he struggled to give out a signal ___ help. ②He signalled (to) the car ________ (stop) by raising his hand，which annoyed the driver. ③Drivers who give _______ (signal) before turning or stopping help prevent accidents. for to stop signals 10.compose vt.构成；作(曲)；写作 [教材原文] The one person in the room who didn’t hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it.剧院里唯一没有听到并且永远也不会听到这部交响乐的那个人，竟然是它的创作者。 (1)be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of 由……组成 (2)composer n．作曲家；作家，著作者 composition n．作品；作文；构成 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译/句式升级 ①Every substance, no matter what it is, is composed __ very small particles called molecules. ②Nowadays, she is a famous ________ (compose), but she is eager to live an ordinary life. of composer ③地球由七大洲和四大洋组成。 →The Earth ______________ seven continents and four oceans. →The Earth _______________ seven continents and four oceans. →The Earth ____________ seven continents and four oceans. ④He is performing the song that was composed by that master. →He is performing the song ________________________．(非谓语动词) [名师点津]　consist of不用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态。 is made up of is composed of consists of composed by that master 11.after all 毕竟；终究 [教材原文] After all，what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical genius？毕竟，一个听不到自己的管弦乐队的指挥，即使他是音乐天才，能有什么用呢？ above all最重要的是 first of all首先 all in all总而言之 at all根本 in all总共，合计 [即学即练]——用all短语完成下面的语段 他总共有五个孩子。他对孩子很有耐心。最重要的是，他重视他们的教育。首先，他教育他们养成好的习惯。但是他对最小的儿子不是很苛刻。毕竟，他才四岁。总之，他是位好父亲。 He has five children _______．He is patient with his children. __________，he pays attention to their education.______________，he teaches them to form a good habit. However，he is not so strict with his youngest son.__________，he is only four.____________，he is a good father. in all Above all First of all After all All in all 句式剖析 1.wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气 [教材原文] I wish I knew more about them.我希望多了解他们一些。 (1)本句中wish引导宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示“未实现或不太可能实现的愿望”。 (2)虚拟语气的主要形式有三种： ①表示对现在情况的虚拟，从句谓语用过去式(be动词用were)； ②表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句谓语用“had＋过去分词”； ③表示对将来情况的虚拟，从句谓语用“would/could/might/should ＋动词原形”。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I wish I ___________ (make) an apology to Mary some day. ②I wish I _____________ (attend) her wedding last Tuesday, but I was on business in Moscow then. ③I wish I ____ (be) a bird now. ④(应用文写作之道歉信)我希望明天能和你一起去爬长城，但是我正在为即将到来的考试做准备。 I wish I ___________________________________________, but I’m preparing for the coming exam. were would climb the Great Wall with you tomorrow could make had attended 2.现在分词(短语)作状语 [教材原文] For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra，waving his arms wildly in the air, and madly turning the pages of his score.在一个多小时的时间里，贝多芬在乐队前面跳跃着，在空中忘情地挥舞着手臂，疯狂地翻动着乐谱。 本句中waving his arms wildly in the air和madly turning the pages of his score是现在分词短语作伴随状语；Beethoven与wave和turn之间为主动关系，所以用waving 和 turning。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① _____________ (eat) his dinner, the boy rushed out. ②They came into the classroom, talking and ________ (laugh). ③那个小男孩坐在树下，读一本故事书。 The little boy sat under the tree, ____________________． ④看到这一幕，我感到一股暖流融化了心中最柔软之处。 ___________________________, I felt a wave of warmth melting the softest place in my heart. Having eaten laughing reading a story book Catching sight of the scene [名师点津]　(1)现在分词(短语)作状语时，分词(短语)和句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (2)现在分词(短语)还可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、结果状语、方式状语等。 3.独立主格结构 [教材原文] But Beethoven continued conducting，his head buried in the score.但贝多芬继续指挥，他的头埋在乐谱中。 (1)在本句中，“his head buried in the score”是独立主格结构，用作伴随状语，转换成句子应为“and his head was buried in the score”。 (2)独立主格结构通常由“名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成。现在分词表示主动意义；过去分词表示被动意义或动作已完成；不定式表示尚未发生或将要发生的动作。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①The exam ___________ (hold) tomorrow，I can’t go to the cinema tonight. ②(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)看到这一幕，男孩藏在了一块大石头后面，他的心狂跳着。 Seeing the scene，the boy hid behind a big stone，_______________ ________． his heart beating wildly to be held ③As we hugged Ruth good-bye, she said to me.Her tears were shining in her eyes. →As we hugged Ruth good-bye, she said to me, tears _____________ _______．(独立主格) ④Oliver jumped up and his face was bright red with anger. →___________________________, Oliver jumped up.(独立主格) His face bright red with anger shining in her eyes 4.强调句型 [教材原文] It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.直到其中一名歌手卡洛琳·昂格尔拉着他的手臂转向观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐取得了成功。 (1)本句为强调句型，被强调部分为not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience。 (2)强调句型的常用形式： ①强调句型的构成：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...，当被强调的部分为主语时，句子的谓语动词与被强调的主语保持一致。 ②强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...? ③强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that...? ④对“not...until...”进行强调时，应使用句型“It is/was not until...that...”。当not until...置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①It was then _____ Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window. ②It was the young girls __________ created a friendly atmosphere for us. ③____ was because it snowed heavily that I stayed at home. that who/that It ④(应用文写作之道歉信)就是在那一刻，我意识到我应该为自己所做的事情向你道歉。 ________________________ I realized that I should apologize to you for what I had done. ⑤The master didn’t refer to his masterpiece until the rain stopped. →__________________________________ the master referred to his masterpiece.(not...until结构的强调句) It was at that moment that It was not until the rain stopped that [名师点津]　(1)强调句型通常用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等，不能强调谓语。对句子的谓语动词强调时用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。 (2)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：把It is/was和that/who去掉，再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置，若句子完整，则为强调句。 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．I did not really need to express my ________ (情感) by way of words，but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper. 2．It is of great importance for college students to ______ (掌握) a foreign language. 3．I didn’t know whom she was _________ (谈到) to. emotions master referring 4．Some drivers like to draw some special ________ (图案) as decorations on their cars. 5．They _________ (表演) so well that those who were watching burst into cheers. 6．You should always keep your promise；_________ (否则)，no one will trust you. 7．In our office，Jim is absolutely an expert in computers，and he always solves the _______ (复杂的) problems in a few minutes. patterns performed otherwise complex 8．Computers are playing an important role in many _______ (方面) of our life. 9．Only a ______ (天才) can create such a nice novel within a short time. 10．Work is __________ (进行) slowly and I am afraid we can’t complete it on time. aspects genius proceeding Ⅱ.选词填空 be regarded as；focus on；refer to；take charge of；after all；at the bottom of；take notes；not hesitate to 1．There are some funny patterns _________________ the screen. 2．While giving a speech，you’d better not _________ your notes too often. 3．He created so many nice works and _________________ a genius there. at the bottom of refer to was regarded as 4．The young man is ambitious and looks forward to _____________ the whole factory. 5．When asked about my score，my teacher ___________________ tell me that day. 6．I can’t _________ my studies with that noise going on. 7．The first time you listen，try to get the general idea and _______. 8．You should forgive him for his forgetfulness；______，he is over seventy. taking charge of didn’t hesitate to focus on take notes after all Ⅲ.单句写作 1．很快我就在地铁站迷路了。那是因为我没有方向感。(that was because...) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．由于不知道该坐哪列火车，我陷入了恐慌。(现在分词作状语) ________________________________________________________ Soon I got lost in the subway station.That was because I had no sense of direction. Not knowing which train to take，I got into a panic. 3．直到你主动帮助我，我才重新感到安全了。(强调句) ________________________________________________________ 4．多亏了你的帮助，否则我就会坐错火车了。(otherwise＋虚拟语气) ________________________________________________________ It was not until you offered me a helping hand that I felt safe again. Thanks to your help，otherwise I might have taken the wrong train. 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．It isn’t worthwhile spending so much time on _____ (不重要的) problems. 2．Just remember that it is normal to ________ (努力) with the stress that parent-child tensions created. 3．Though the boy is only two years old，he can read most of the musical _____ (音符). minor struggle notes 4．You can rely on it that the school will _______ (回应) immediately to the students’ request that they should have more time to relax. 5．It is natural that these children feel a little _____ (紧张的) before the performance starts. 6．She’s usually very shy, but she’s generous and never _________ (犹豫) to help. 7．I’d like to talk to whoever is in ______ (主管) of the company as soon as possible. respond tense hesitates charge 8．The self-driving car can automatically detect and respond to traffic _______ (信号) and road conditions. 9．The young man with _____ (宽阔的) shoulders has been serving in the army for 8 years. 10．As a hard-working musician, she spends most of her time _________ (作曲) her songs in the recording studio. signals broad composing Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．I had no __________ (hesitate) in recommending the female worker for the job. 2．The doctor told us that giving birth to a child was both painful and ______________ (joy). 3．A ________ (compose) is a person who writes music，especially classical music. hesitation joyous/joyful composer 4．It is reported that only a tiny ________ (minor) are mentally ill in this center. 5．It is obvious that she is totally unprepared for his _______ (respond). 6．The young _________ (conduct) was crazy about comedies in his spare time. 7．The lovely girl stood at the platform，________ (wave) to the passengers on the train. minority response conductor waving 8．He spared some time to take his parents to enjoy the play _________ (perform) by that actor. 9．Having realized the importance of protecting the environment，he didn’t hesitate ________ (take) action. 10．The new text ________ (compose) of three parts is hard to recite. performed to take composed Ⅲ.完成句子 1．直到他到家时，他才发现钥匙丢了。(not...until的强调句型) ______________________________________ his keys were missing. 2．让他难过的是，即使他道歉，她也不肯原谅他。 _________________________ that even if he apologized，she wouldn’t forgive him. It was not until he got home that he found that What made him sad/upset was 3．女孩手里拿着一个看上去很旧的玩具，望着窗外。 The girl was holding a toy that looked so old，____________________ _________． 4．我希望你能来中国，这样我就能有机会报答你的好意。(wish＋宾语从句) ____________________________ so that I could have a chance to repay your kindness. looking out of the window I wish you could come to China Ⅳ.阅读理解 A study published by the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science found that musicians who work in the two fields show significantly different brain activity, even when they’re playing the same music. The research could help explain why musicians seem to stand out in one or other style, and not usually in both. The study outlines two steps in playing the piano：what the pianist is going to play—meaning the keys they press—and how they are going to play—which fingers they should use.Classical pianists tend to focus on the second step—the “how”．This means their focus is on technique and the personal expression they add to the piece.Jazz pianists on the other hand focus on the “what”， meaning they are always prepared to improvise (即兴创作) and adapt the notes they’re playing. The study included 30 professional pianists, half of whom were jazz players and half of whom were classical.Both groups were shown a hand playing a sequence of chords (和音) on a screen.The sequence was arranged irregularly with mistakes in harmonies and fingering.The pianists had to reproduce the hand movements and react to the irregularities, while their brain signals were recorded with sensors on their head. The study found that different processes occurred in the brains of the jazz and classical pianists.In particular, the jazz pianists’ brains began replanning sooner than the classical pianists’ brains. The study found the classical pianists concentrated on the fingering and technique of their playing, while the jazz pianists were more prepared to change the notes they played.“In the jazz pianists，we found evidence from the brain signals for this flexibility in planning harmonies when playing the piano，” says researcher Roberta Bianco.“When we asked them to play a harmonically unexpected chord, their brains started to replan the actions faster than classical pianists.Accordingly, they were better able to react and continue their performances.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了一项研究的发现，即使演奏同一首音乐，从事两种领域的音乐家的大脑活动也有显著的不同。 1．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To explain “what” and “how” in playing the piano. B．To introduce a study on playing styles of musicians. C．To compare the skill levels of jazz and classical pianists. D．To argue who are smarter between musicians of two fields. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“A study published by the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science found that musicians who work in the two fields show significantly different brain activity, even when they’re playing the same music.”以及第二段“The research could help explain why musicians seem to stand out in one or other style, and not usually in both.”可知，文章主要介绍了马克斯普朗克人类认知和脑科学研究所发表的一项研究，该研究发现演奏不同风格音乐的音乐家在大脑活动上存在显著差异，这有助于解释为什么音乐家通常只擅长一种风格而不是两种。因此，文章的主要目的是介绍一项关于音乐家演奏风格的研究。故选B。 2 3 1 4 2．What do classical pianists pay more attention to in their performances? A．The fingers they use. B．The patterns they perform. C．The notes they play. D．The atmosphere they create. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ Classical pianists tend to focus on the second step—the ‘how’．This means their focus is on technique and the personal expression they add to the piece.”可知，古典钢琴家更关注“如何演奏”，也就是指法和技术，因此他们在表演中更注重使用手指。故选A。 2 3 1 4 3．What does paragraph 4 focus on? A．Major findings of the research. B．Explanation of research methods. C．Supporting evidence for the research results. D．Future application of the research findings. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：段落大意题。第四段描述了研究的具体过程，包括参与者的选择、实验设置、实验过程以及数据的收集方式等，这些都是对研究方法的解释。因此，本段主要专注于研究方法的解释。故选B。 2 3 1 4 4．Why are jazz players thought to be more flexible? A．They care more about playing technique. B．They are better at correcting musical mistakes. C．They are more ready for the change while playing. D．They are likely to add the personal expression to the music. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“When we asked them to play a harmonically unexpected chord, their brains started to replan the actions faster than classical pianists.Accordingly, they were better able to react and continue their performances.”可知，爵士乐钢琴家被认为更灵活是因为他们在演奏中能够更好地适应变化。故选C。 2 3 1 4 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统乐器——二胡。 The erhu, a famous Chinese musical instrument, has a history dating back over a thousand years.It is 1.____________ two-stringed (两弦的) instrument played with a bow (弓) and its unique sound attracts listeners around the world. 1．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。句意：它是一种用弓演奏的两弦乐器，它独特的声音吸引了全世界的听众。instrument是可数名词，且在文中第一次出现，表示泛指意义，所以使用不定冠词，two-stringed的首个音素为辅音。故填a。 The erhu has a slim wooden body 2.____________ strings are traditionally made from silk.The sound it produces is so beautiful that it is often compared to the human voice.The instrument is played on the player’s knee and using the bow 3.____________ (create) different tunes (曲调).The erhu can convey a wide range of emotions, from joy and 4.____________ (happy) to sadness and longing.Usually, its pleasant tunes 5.____________ (use) in traditional Chinese music.Modern music and sometimes even cross-cultural performances feature erhu tunes. 2．答案：whose 解析：考查定语从句。句意：二胡的琴身纤细，弦传统上由丝绸制成。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词body与空后的名词strings之间为所属关系，所以此处使用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 3．答案：to create 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该乐器在演奏者的膝盖上演奏，并使用弓来创造不同的曲调。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意可知，该句表示目的，use sth.to do sth.意为“用……去做某事”，所以此处使用动词不定式。故填to create。 4．答案：happiness 解析：考查词性转换。句意：二胡可以表达各种各样的情感，从喜悦和幸福到悲伤和渴望。此处为名词作宾语，根据空前的and以及名词joy可知，此处与joy为并列关系，应用名词形式，happy的名词为happiness，意为“幸福”。故填happiness。 5．答案：are used 解析：考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，它悦耳的曲调被用在中国传统音乐中。此处为句子的谓语动词，根据语境可知，时态是一般现在时，主语tunes与use之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数。故填are used。 Over the years, the erhu has gained popularity 6.____________ (global), becoming an essential part of many concerts.Many musicians have devoted themselves 7.____________ exploring and experimenting with different styles, 8.____________ (combine) traditional Chinese music with modern elements. 6．答案：globally 解析：考查词性转换。句意：多年来，二胡在全球范围内受到欢迎，成为许多音乐会的重要组成部分。此处为副词作状语修饰谓语动词，global的副词为globally意为“全球地”。故填globally。 7．答案：to 解析：考查介词。句意：许多音乐家致力于探索和尝试不同的风格，将中国传统音乐与现代元素相结合。此处为固定短语devote oneself to doing sth.，意为“致力于做某事”，所以此处使用介词to。故填to。 8．答案：combining 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，此处combine与其逻辑主语musicians 为主谓关系，所以使用现在分词形式作状语。故填combining。 Whether 9.____________ (play) as a single instrument or in a group performance, the erhu’s charming tunes have the power to transport listeners to another time and place.Its timeless appeal continues to make 10.____________ China’s symbolic musical instrument. 9．答案：played 解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：无论是单独演奏还是集体演奏，二胡迷人的曲调都有将听众带到另一个时空的力量。此处为让步状语从句的省略结构，根据句意可知，此处省略的“主语＋be动词”，句子主语与play之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填played。 10．答案：it 解析：考查代词。句意：它永恒的魅力继续使它成为中国的象征乐器。make是及物动词，在此处是“make＋it＋n.”的结构，其中名词为宾语补足语，结合句意可知，此处意为“使……变成……”，所以此处为it指代二胡。故填it。 $$