U5 Period 6 单元语法(2)：Suffixes(后缀)-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（北师大版）

必修第二册 UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE Period 6　Focus on Language 单元语法(2)：Suffixes(后缀) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] ①...both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year. ②Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January，1912，ten days ahead of their planned schedule. ③Scott started to realise their hopeless situation：“We are very cheerful...” ④He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen：... 自我探究： 句①中的黑体词是在prepare后边加了____________形成的新名词；句②中的黑体词是在safe后边加了____________形成的新副词；句③中的黑体词是在hope后边加了____________形成的新否定意义的形容词；句④中的黑体词是在sad后边加了____________形成的新名词。这种构成法叫____________，是派生词的一种。 -ation -ly -less -ness 后缀构词法 [知识精要] 后缀是一种重要的构词法，通过后缀常常可以判断出一个词的词性。一个英语单词可包含三个部分：前缀、词根及后缀。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀，可以改变单词的意思。在语言学里，后缀，又称词尾，是一种置于其他词素后的词缀。常见的后缀有： 名词后缀 例词 -ability，-ibility表示 “能，性质” possibility可能性 probability可能性 -al表示“动作，……人，事物” refusal 拒绝 proposal 建议 criminal 犯罪分子 rival 竞争者 名词后缀 例词 -an，-ian，-arian表示“各种年龄、派别、主义、职业的人” humanitarian人道主义者 librarian图书管理员 -ee表示“动作的承受者” testee考生；被测验者 trainee运动员 employee 雇员 interviewee面试者 名词后缀 例词 -er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier表示“与……有关的人，……物” fighter战士；战斗机 radar雷达 -hood表示“身份，状况，性质” childhood儿童时期 brotherhood手足之情 manhood男子气概 neighborhood邻里 名词后缀 例词 -ion/-ation表示“动作，过程” indication 指示 relaxation放松 -ism表示“……主义，行为，……学，……派” capitalism资本主义 adventurism冒险主义 realism现实主义 tourism旅游业 名词后缀 例词 -ist表示“从事……工作的人，……主义者” romanticist浪漫主义者 economist经济学家 socialist社会主义者 dentist牙科医生 -ity表示“行为，性质，状态” unity团结一致 maturity成熟性 名词后缀 例词 -ty表示“状态” security 保险 safety 安全 -ment表示“行为，状态，性质，组织，机构” improvement改良，进步 government政府 movement运动 management管理 -ness表示“状态，性质” eagerness渴望 carelessness粗心 darkness黑暗 kindness善良 名词后缀 例词 -logy/-ology表示“……学” sociology社会学 ecology生态学 -ship表示“状态，状况，身份，技艺，技能” friendship友谊 partnership合作伙伴 hardship苦难 doctorship博士学位 -sion，-ssion表示“状态，状况，动作” mission任务 expression表情 -ure表示“动作，事实，结果” culture 培养 failure 失败 动词后缀 例词 -en表示“使变成” harden使变硬 shorten使变短 -fy表示“使成为……，……化” intensify强化，加强 purify 净化 clarify澄清 magnify放大 -ize/-ise表示“以……方式对待，……化” realize 实现 organize 组织 modernize现代化 advertise 广告 finalize把……最后定下来 economize节省，节约 形容词后缀 例词 -able表示“可……的，能……的” acceptable可接受的 readable可读的 sensible可觉察到的 movable可移动的 -al表示“具有……性质的” colonial 殖民的 natural 自然的 personal个人的 professional专业的 形容词后缀 例词 -ant，-ent表示“……的” distant遥远的 different不同的 -ful表示“充满……的，具有……性质的” hopeful富有希望的 forgetful健忘的 -ic/-ical表示“……的” scenic风景的 typical典型的 -ish表示“有……特性的” childish幼稚的 bookish书呆子气的 形容词后缀 例词 -ive表示“有……性质的，有……作用的” instructive有教育意义的 offensive进攻性的 protective保护的 productive生产的 -less表示“没有……的” jobless失业的 tireless不知疲倦的 fearless无畏的 useless无用的 形容词后缀 例词 -like表示“有……性质的，像……的” childlike孩子般的 warlike好战的 dreamlike梦一般的 humanlike像人类的 -ly表示“如……的，有……特性的” manly有男子气概的 lovely可爱的 lively生气勃勃的，精力充沛的 friendly友好的 形容词后缀 例词 -ous/-ious表示“有……性质的” famous著名的 anxious焦急的 -some表示“充满……的，有……性质的” burdensome负担沉重的 troublesome令人烦恼的 lonesome孤独的 handsome英俊的 形容词后缀 例词 -ward表示“向……” forward向前的 upward向上的 -y表示“多……，有……的” clumsy笨拙的 tricky狡猾的 dusty积满灰尘的 rainy多雨的 副词后缀 例词 -ly表示“状态” slowly慢慢地 cheaply便宜地 -wards表示“向……” upwards 向上 outwards 向外 其他 例词 -ing表示“有……特性的” disturbing令人不安的 surprising令人吃惊的 -ed [过去分词作定语]表示“有……特性的” spirited/heated热烈的 honeyed 甜言蜜语的 课堂检测 素养达标 单句语法填空 1．Your explanation is too difficult for me to understand.Can you ____________ (simple) it a little? 2．The runway is too short to take the planes.They are making plans to____________ (length) it. 3．Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ____________ (protect). simplify lengthen protection 4．Chinese New Year is a ____________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 5．The ____________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 6．Filled with ____________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 7．When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ____________ (compete) to watch. celebration beautiful curiosity competition 8．I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ____________ (confidence) speaking English. 9．Landing on the moon's far side is____________ (extreme) challenging. 10．Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________ (meaning). confident extremely meaningful 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The reason ____________ he gave up the football match was that he was injured in the accident. 2．They are in a position ____________ they may lose a large sum of money. 3．There are many occasions ____________ people don't know what they want. why where when 4．They found accommodation on the mountain, from ____________ they could get a good view of the countryside. 5．Sometimes we had to work until the early hours of the morning, ____________ most people were still fast asleep. 6．Mary was very ____________ at the news，so she looked ____________ at her husband，her eyes full of ____________．(sad) 7．He ____________ football very well and he was one of the best ____________ in yesterday's football match.(play) where when sad sadly sadness played players 8．Look! How ____________ Kate is laughing! She seems to be the ____________ girl in the world.(happy) 9．To our ____________，the headmaster was very ____________ with our report.(satisfy) 10．Edison was a great ____________．During his life he made many ____________．(invent) happily happiest satisfaction satisfied inventor inventions Ⅱ.完成句子 1．他的女儿觉得保存他的音乐是非常值得的，她小时候每晚都听着这些音乐入睡。 His daughter felt it more than worthwhile to save his music，_______________________________________________． 2．他长大的小镇在地震中成了废墟。 The small town ______________________ lay in ruins in the earthquake. to which she fell asleep each night when she was young where he grew up 3．穿校服是个好主意的原因有几个。 There are several reasons ____________________________________ is a good idea. 4．我不记得他谈论的那一天发生了什么事。 I don't remember what happened on the day_____________________ ___________． why/for which wearing school uniforms (that/which) he talked about Ⅲ.完形填空 My husband, Russ, and I drove through our neighborhood, the place we'd called home for 28 years.The foothills (山麓) once thick with pines, were 1 ．The ground was covered with a heavy layer of ash.The trees that 2 were burnt stumps (树桩). Two weeks earlier, we'd gotten an early-morning call telling us to 3 immediately.The wildfire burning through Northern California had spread and was headed our way.We'd jumped in the car with our cats and a few belongings.For days, we'd moved from hotel to hotel, 4 for news.What finally came wasn't 5 ．Our house had been right in the fire's path. Now we'd been allowed to return.Russ and I brought 6 ， work boots, N95 masks and gloves.We would 7 anything we could.We drove slowly through the ruins, where chimneys marked where homes once stood.I wasn't prepared for what 8 us.Our house was 9 but broken stones, I wiped away tears as we dug through the ash. “How will we survive this？” I wondered.“How will we go on？” It felt as if our lives had been destroyed.Later that afternoon, Russ 10 what we'd found in the car.“Let's go，” he said. I turned to get in the car.That's when I 11 something stuck to my boot: a bit of paper, dirtied with ash.I picked it up.The words were surprisingly 12 ， “If life seems difficult, I stop and reflect on the blessing sometimes hidden within every situation.With renewed belief and 13 ， I begin again.” Words that must have come from one of my books, a passage I couldn't recall but now said everything I needed to 14 ， words that rose from the ashes.I framed (给……做框) that scrap of paper.It now sits in a place of honor in our new home, a reminder that we can 15 again. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的家由于一场火灾被毁，作者和家人很失望，但是在一片废墟中无意发现的一句话给了作者重新开始的力量。 2 3 1 4 1．A.beautiful　　　 B．greenish C．unrecognizable D．unfit 答案：C 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2 3 1 4 句意：曾经长满松树的山麓已经面目全非。A.beautiful漂亮的；B.greenish呈绿色的；C.unrecognizable认不出来的；D.unfit不合适的。根据下文“The ground was covered with a heavy layer of ash.”可知，地上全是火灾后的灰烬，故此山麓也全是灰烬，已经无法辨认了。故选C。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.remained B．painted C．destroyed D．saved 答案：A 句意：剩下的树都是烧焦的树桩。A.remained仍然是，留下，剩下；B.painted粉刷；C.destroyed毁坏；D.saved挽救。根据空后“were burnt stumps”可知，火灾后，剩下的都是烧焦的树桩。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.enjoy B．leave C．help D．rescue 答案：B 句意：两周前，我们接到一个清晨的电话，告诉我们立即离开。A.enjoy享受；B.leave离开；C.help帮助；D.rescue拯救。根据下文“The wildfire burning through Northern California had spread and was headed our way.”可知，大火朝作者家的方向过来，所以应该是有人通知他们离开。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.happy B．sorry C．famous D．eager 答案：D 句意：几天来，我们从一家酒店搬到另一家酒店，急切地想知道消息。A.happy高兴的；B.sorry抱歉的；C.famous著名的；D.eager急切的。根据上文“For days, we'd moved from hotel to hotel”可知，大火已经好几天了，所以作者他们应该是急于想知道结果。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.bad B．good C．useful D．impressive 答案：B 句意：最后的结果并不好。A.bad有害的；B.good好的；C.useful有用的；D.impressive印象深刻的。根据下文“Our house had been right in the fire's path.”可知，作者家的房子就在火灾的路径上，所以应该是被烧了，这样的结果并不是好消息。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.tools B．books C．sweaters D．posters 答案：A 句意：Russ和我带着工具、工作靴、N95口罩和手套。A.tools工具；B.books书籍；C.sweaters毛衣；D.posters海报。根据下文“we dug through the ash”可知，作者他们要使用工具来收拾废墟。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.take B．bring C．save D．understand 答案：C 句意：我们会尽我们所能挽救一切东西。A.take带走；B.bring携带；C.save挽救；D.understand理解。根据上文“Russ and I brought 6 ， work boots, N95 masks and gloves.”可知，作者他们要尽他们所能来挽救家里剩余的东西。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.waited B．helped C．awarded D．prevented 答案：A 句意：我没有为等待我们的事情做好准备。A.waited等待；B.helped帮助；C.awarded奖励；D.prevented阻止。根据下文“Our house was 9 but broken stones, I wiped away tears as we dug through the ash.”可知，作者对于等待他们的是什么毫无准备。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 答案：C 句意：我们的房子除了碎石头，什么都没有，当我们在灰烬中挖掘时，我擦去了眼泪。A.something一些；B.anything任何东西；C.nothing什么都没有；D.everything一切。根据下文“but broken stones, I wiped away tears as we dug through the ash”可知，作者难过的原因应该是家里什么都没有剩下了。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.improved B．enjoyed C．put D．exchanged 答案：C 句意：那天下午晚些时候，Russ把我们找到的东西放在车里。A.improved改善；B.enjoyed享受；C.put放置；D.exchanged交换。根据下文“what we'd found in the car”可知，他们应该是把找到的东西放在了车里。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.suffered B．trapped C．figured D．noticed 答案：D 句意：就在这时，我注意到有东西粘在我的靴子上：一张被灰烬弄脏的纸。A.suffered遭受；B.trapped把……困在；C.figured指出；D.noticed注意。根据下文“something stuck to my boot: a bit of paper, dirtied with ash”可知，这是作者突然注意到的事情。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.easy B．sharp C．helpful D．clear 答案：D 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 句意：这些话出奇地清晰，“如果生活看起来很困难，我会停下来反思有时隐藏在每一种情况中的祝福。带着新的信念和勇气，我会重新开始。”A.easy容易的；B.sharp尖锐的；C.helpful有帮助的；D.clear清楚的。根据下文“If life seems difficult, I stop and reflect on the blessing sometimes hidden within every situation.With renewed belief and 13 ， I begin again.”可知，纸条上面的字体很清楚。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.courage B．happiness C．sadness D．anger 答案：A A.courage勇气；B.happiness幸福；C.sadness伤心；D.anger生气。根据下文“I begin again”可知，此处指带着信心和勇气重新开始生活。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.say B．hear C．sing D．give 答案：B 句意：这些话一定来自我的一本书，我记不起这段话了，但现在说了我需要听到的一切，这些话从灰烬中升起。A.say说；B.hear听到；C.sing唱歌；D.give给。根据下文a reminder可知，这张纸条上是作者需要听到的话。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.stop B．begin C．live D．read 答案：B 句意：它现在坐落在我们新家的荣誉之地，提醒我们可以重新开始。A.stop停止；B.begin开始；C.live生活；D.read读。根据上文“I begin again”可知，那张纸条上的话一直提醒着作者可以重新开始。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寂静地震是什么样的地震以及科学家为预测这种地震所做的研究。 On February 16, 1861, a big earthquake struck Sumatra, an Indonesian island.The earthquake shook the western side of the island, 1. (cause) a tsunami(海啸).That wall of water poured onto shore, destroying towns and taking thousands of 2. (life). 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：地震使岛屿的西部震动了，引起了海啸。句中有谓语shake，空处应用非谓语动词，又因earthquake与cause是主谓关系，应用causing，表示自然而然的结果，故填causing。 答案：causing 2．考查名词的单复数。句意：那堵水墙倾泻到岸上，摧毁了城镇，夺走了成千上万的生命。由thousands of 可知，此处life应用复数形式lives，故填lives。 答案：lives Recently, though, a team of scientists discovered that another earthquake occurred before this deadly event.According to the record, that earthquake 3. (start) in 1829 and lasted for 32 years but no one felt even one shake.This kind of slow-moving earthquake 4. (call) “silent earthquakes”， because no instrument can find them.Scientists have only begun discovering them because 5. the advances in technology in the last twenty years. 3．考查动词的时态。句意：根据记录，那次地震始于1829年，持续了32年，但没有人感到一丝震动。空处和lasted是并列的谓语动词，再由 in 1829可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填started。 答案：started 4．考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：这种缓慢移动的地震被称为“寂静地震”，因为没有仪器能够发现它们。空处在主句中作谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语this kind of slow-moving earthquake 和动词call二者之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填is called。 答案：is called 5．考查介词。句意：由于过去20年科技的进步，科学家们才开始发现它们。because of是固定搭配，意为“因为”，后面接名词、代词或动名词，故填of。 答案：of 6． (figure)out what is going on under the ground, scientists need to study earthquakes.Every earthquake, either small 7. big, can teach scientists something about how much the ground will shake in the future.Unluckily, no one can predict (预测) when an earthquake will hit.Scientists just have to prepare to study all earthquakes 8. strike. 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了弄清楚地下到底发生了什么，科学家们需要研究地震。空处是非谓语动词作状语，表示目的，且动词figure和scientists是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词不定式作状语，空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填To figure。 答案：To figure 7．考查固定搭配。句意：每一次地震，无论大小，都可以告诉科学家未来地面会震动多大。either...or...是固定搭配，意为“或者……或者……”，故填or。 答案：or 8．考查定语从句。句意： 科学家们只需要准备好研究所有发生的地震。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为earthquakes，指物，在定语从句中作主语，且先行词前由all修饰，只能用关系代词that来引导，故填that。 答案：that But silent earthquakes like the one in Sumatra change the game for scientists.These silent earthquakes happen all over 9._____________ world.Sometimes, a silent earthquake happens just before a regular one, both of which might be related.By studying silent earthquakes, scientists hope to better understand regular earthquakes and 10. (possible) predict them. 9．考查固定搭配。句意：这些寂静地震发生在世界各地。all over the world是固定搭配，意为“世界各地”，故填the。 答案：the 10．考查词性转换。句意：通过研究寂静地震，科学家们希望更好地了解常规地震，并有可能预测它们。修饰动词predict应用副词possibly，意为“可能地”，故填possibly。 答案：possibly $$