U5 Period 5 Lesson 2 & Lesson 3—Language Points-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（北师大版）

必修第二册 UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE Period 5　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3—Language Points 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 词汇识记 1．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 Thousands of rescue workers rushed to rescue those who were caught in the serious flood. 数千名救援人员赶去营救被困在严重洪水中的人们。 2．vehicle n．交通工具，车辆 What annoyed me was that our vehicle got a flat tyre at the very beginning of our journey. 让我恼火的是，我们的汽车在旅程一开始就爆胎了。 3．trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中 n．险境；陷阱 The tiger was trapped in a trap that hunters specially set in the forest and it tried to escape，but didn't make it. 这只老虎被困在了猎人在森林里专门设置的陷阱里，它试图逃跑，但没有成功。 be trapped in被困于…… 4. attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图 attempt to do sth.试图做某事 make an attempt to do sth.企图做某事 attempted adj.未遂的 He attempted to/ made an attempt to accomplish all we had set out to do. 他试图完成我们所要做的一切。 It was reported that an attempted murderer escaped from prison, causing a threat to the nearby neighbourhood. 据报道，一名谋杀未遂者越狱，对附近的社区构成了威胁。 5．interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话 He was always interrupting me while I was talking and his constant interruptions made me boil with anger. 我说话时他总是打断我，他的不断打扰使我怒不可遏。 interruption n．打扰；中断时间 6．death n．死，死亡 dead adj.死的 deadly adj.致命的 die v．死，死亡 The deadly illness caused many deaths and the dead were buried in a special area. Besides, many animals also died from the disease. 这种致命的疾病导致许多人死亡，死者被埋在一个特殊的地方。此外，许多动物也死于这种疾病。 7．loss n．丧失；死亡 at a loss不知所措，困惑 lose v. 遗失；丢失 lost adj.迷路的；迷失的 be lost in迷失于；沉浸于 Faced with the marriage on the edge of breaking up，she felt at a loss. 面对濒临破裂的婚姻，她不知所措。 I finally picked up the classic novel I had wanted to read and was soon lost in the beautiful language. 我最后拿起了我一直想读的那本经典小说，很快就迷失在美丽的语言中。 8．damage n．& vt.伤害，损伤，损害 The accident caused some damage to my car, but it was not seriously damaged. 那次事故对我的车造成了一些损坏，但受损不严重。 do/cause damage to对……造成损害 damaged adj.被损坏的 9．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 n．度量单位；衡量；程度；措施 measurement n．[U]测量；[C]尺寸 The tailor measured me carefully to make sure exact measurement and made a suit to my measurements. 裁缝仔细地量了我的尺寸，以确保准确的测量，并按我的尺寸做了一套衣服。 The government has taken effective measures to fight against the deadly disease that hit the city. 政府已采取有效措施与侵袭该市的致命疾病作斗争。 10．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作 operate v．操作；运转；动手术 operator n．接线员；操作员 The operator was operated on yesterday and the operation was successful. 这名操作员昨天接受了手术，手术很成功。 You must read the operation instructions before you operate this machine. 在操作这台机器之前，你必须先阅读操作说明。 11．overseas adv.在海外，在外国 adj.海外的 I am more than delighted to receive an overseas phone call from my blog friend who is working overseas. 我非常高兴接到我在海外工作的博客朋友打来的越洋电话。 12．site n．场所，地点 As soon as we reached our camping site, we put up a tent as soon as possible. 我们一到露营地，就尽快搭起了帐篷。 13．process n．过程，进程 v．处理；加工 In the process of processing the food, cooks are required to add fat and salt. 在加工食物的过程中，厨师被要求添加脂肪和盐。 14．battle n．较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 vi.& vt.斗争 battlefield n．战场 battle against/with与……作斗争 battle for为……作斗争 She won the admiration of many people in her battle against cancer. 她在与癌症的斗争中赢得了许多人的钦佩。 With the end-of-term examination approaching, some students felt as if they would head for a battlefield. 随着期末考试的临近，一些学生觉得他们好像要去战场。 15．duty n．职责，义务；责任 on/off duty值班/下班 a sense of duty责任感 it is one's duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任 It is our duty to protect our ecological system from being damaged. 保护我们的生态系统不受破坏是我们的责任。 In addition to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight. 除了这些安排以外，另增的救护车将值班至午夜。 One of the most important aspects of ancient Chinese Confucianism is a sense of duty. 中国古代儒家思想中最重要的方面之一是责任感。 16．suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨 Although these sufferers suffered a lot of physical and mental suffering, they didn't give up or lose heart. 虽然这些患者遭受了很多身体和精神上的痛苦，但他们没有放弃或失去信心。 suffer vt.遭受 vi.受苦；变差 sufferer n．患者；受苦者 17．conduct vt.实施；进行；执行 vi.& vt.指挥 n．行为；管理方式 conductor n．(乐队、合唱团等的)指挥；列车长；(公共汽车的)售票员 Improper conduct in public can likely lead to some unnecessary misunderstanding. 在公共场合的不当行为可能会导致一些不必要的误会。 The researchers were conducting a study about how the Chinese tradition developed in ancient times. 研究人员正在进行一项关于这种中国传统在古代是如何发展的研究。 The conductor made it clear that no buses will be running after 7 p．m.every day. 售票员说得很清楚，每天晚上7点以后没有公交车运行了。 18．protection n．保护；防护 protect v．保护；防护 protect...from/against...保护……不受……伤害 protective adj.保护的 Players must wear padding to protect them from injury. 运动员们必须戴上护垫以保护自己不受伤害。 As far as I am concerned, we should spare no effort to make contributions to the ocean protection. 我认为我们应该不遗余力地为海洋保护作出贡献。 The research found moderate exercising has a strong protective effect. 研究发现，适度锻炼有很强的保护作用。 19．lamp n．灯 The lamp has been designed to conform to new safety standards. 该灯设计得符合新的安全标准。 20．nearby adv.附近 The volcanic eruption on the island destroyed the nearby crops and luckily, didn't cause any deaths. 岛上的火山爆发摧毁了附近的庄稼，幸运的是，没有造成死亡。 21．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸 breathe in吸气 breath n．呼吸 breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 Before I ran a marathon, I would breathe in and hold my breath as long as possible. 在我跑马拉松之前，我会吸气，尽可能久地屏住呼吸。 After I had had a jog for an hour，I became breathless. 我慢跑了一个小时后就气喘吁吁了。 22．dust n．灰尘；尘埃 The tubes used in experiments are all covered with dust and I must spare some time to clear the dusty materials in the lab. 实验用的管子都被灰尘覆盖，我必须抽出时间清理实验室里积满灰尘的材料。 dusty adj.布满灰尘的 23．run out用完；耗尽 Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. 原材料还没有用完，也没有迹象表明会出现这种情况。 It is said that the world would run out of freshwater in 2050. 据说到2050年世界将会用完淡水。 run out of用完；耗尽 24．preparation n．预备，准备 Here I'd like to inform you of some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it. 在此，我想向大家介绍一些具体信息，以便大家对此做好充分准备。 prepare v．使有准备；预备 prepare for为……做准备 prepared adj.准备好的 The twins prepared the breakfast tray, added card they had made, and then headed for their parents' bedroom. 双胞胎准备好早餐托盘，附上一张他们做的卡片，然后就去了父母的卧室。 When I am preparing for the coming examination, I have come across some confusing problems. 当我为即将到来的考试做准备时，我遇到了一些令人困惑的问题。 25．sledge n．雪橇 Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 191l. He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个出发了。他有几队狗拉雪橇，所有人都配有滑雪板。 26．ski n．滑雪板 vi.滑雪 adj.滑雪的 The boy liked skiing so much that his parents sent him to a ski school and he could ski better and better after some formal training. 这个男孩非常喜欢滑雪运动，所以他的父母把他送到了一所滑雪学校，经过一些正式的训练，他能滑得越来越好。 skiing n．滑雪运动 27．captain n．上校；队长；组长 Our captain got injured and luckily, he was coming along well after the operation. 我们的队长受伤了，幸运的是，手术后他恢复得很好。 28．polar adj.极地的，地极的 But it wasn't long before the polar bear ate up all the bread and came back again. 但没过多久，那头北极熊就吃光了所有的面包，又回来了。 29．anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地 anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的 be anxious about sth. 为某物担心/担忧 be anxious for sb.为某人担心/担忧 be anxious for...渴望…… be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事 anxiety n．焦虑，不安 with anxiety焦虑地 Anxious and worried, the designer walked up and down anxiously in the room and too much anxiety made his head swim. 既焦虑又担心，这位设计师不安地在房间里走来走去，太多的焦虑让他头晕目眩。 The college graduate is anxious to get a good job where he can realize his potential. 这个大学毕业生急于找到一份能够发挥出自己潜力的好工作。 The drought had lasted for several months, which made farmers anxious about the harvest. 干旱已经持续了几个月，这使得农民们对收成感到担忧。 We are all so anxious for the exam results that we can't focus on our study these days. 我们都是如此担心考试结果，以至于这些天无法集中精力学习。 He is waiting for the results with anxiety as if he were on pins and needles. 他在焦虑地等待结果，好像如坐针毡一样。 30．break down 停止运转，出故障 On my way to the station, my car broke down and I couldn't arrive at the factory punctually. 在去车站的路上，我的车抛锚了，于是我不能准时到达工厂。 A smile can break down barriers; a smile can melt away others' inner pain and loneliness. 微笑可以打破隔阂；微笑可以融化别人内心的痛苦和孤独。 31．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 Being ambitious and determined, I am greatly convinced that I can achieve my ambition to open a firm in the future. 我有抱负，有决心，我坚信我将来能实现开公司的愿望。 ambitious adj.有雄心的 32．cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的 cheer v．欢呼；鼓舞 cheer up使高兴，使振奋 The captain's cheerful laugh dispelled our fears and encouraged us not to give up. 船长愉快的笑声消除了我们的恐惧，鼓励我们不要放弃。 Viewing their amazing performance, the audience cheered up and burst into thunderous applause. 看到他们的精彩表演，观众们欢呼起来，爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 33．prove vt.证明；证实 Many proofs have proved that smoking is linked to cancer, so we'd better give up smoking. 大量的证据已证明吸烟与癌症有关，因此我们最好戒烟。 proof n．证据；证明 34．distant adj.久远的；遥远的；疏远的，不友好的 Though there is a long distance between Tom and his friends, they don't feel distant. 虽然汤姆和他的朋友之间有很远的距离，但他们并不觉得疏远。 distance n．距离 35．continent n．洲，大洲；大陆 Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the continent's economic crisis. 自然灾害显然加剧了该大陆的经济危机。 36．tent n．帐篷 David and I helped Dad put up the tent, and Mom was busy preparing supper. 大卫和我帮爸爸搭帐篷，妈妈忙着准备晚饭。 37．honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直 honest adj.坦诚的；诚实的，正直的 to be honest说实话 honestly adv.诚实地；正当地 honestly speaking老实说 Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, for sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man. 斯科特上校留下了一个记录，为了诚实、真诚、勇敢，为了成就一个男人的一切。 To be honest, as an honest reader of your travel magazine, I'd express my opinion that the ticket prices of the ancient city are not reasonable. 说实话，作为你们的旅游杂志的忠实读者，我认为这座古城的票价不合理。 Honestly speaking, it's so nice of you to offer me a class of practical learning skills. 老实说，你给我上了一堂实用学习技巧的课，真是太好了。 38．sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实 sincere adj.真诚的；诚实的 sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地 I am writing to sincerely apologize to you for my error and please accept my sincere apology. 我写信是想为我的错误向您真诚地道歉，请接受我真诚的歉意。 All in all，it is our head teacher's sincerity and kindness that gain our respect. 总之，正是班主任的真诚和善良赢得了我们的尊敬。 39．bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为 brave adj.勇敢的 bravely adv.勇敢地 It was our calmness and bravery that saved our lives in that tough situation. 正是我们的镇静和勇敢在那种艰难的情况下拯救了我们的生命。 She was a very brave girl and everyone who knew her admired her spirit. 她是个很勇敢的女孩，每个认识她的人都钦佩她的意志。 40．brochure n．小册子 Some women of the travel company were handing out brochures of different types of package tours. 这家旅行公司的一些女员工正在分发不同类型跟团游的小册子。 41．shelter n．避难所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避 The government built shelters for those who survived the earthquake and supplied food, clothing and shelter. They will be sheltered from any further injury. 政府为地震幸存者建造了避难所，提供食物、衣服和庇护。他们将受到保护免受进一步的伤害。 shelter...(from...) 保护……(免受……) 42．metal n．金属 This metal plate is quite beautiful, but it is rather too expensive for me. 这个金属盘子很漂亮，但对我来说太贵了。 43．scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的 scared adj.害怕的 scare v．(使)害怕 The movie was so scary that it gave me goose bumps. 这部电影太恐怖了，吓得我起鸡皮疙瘩了。 As the wolf approached me, I held my breath, too scared to move an inch. 当狼靠近我时，我屏住呼吸，吓得动弹不得。 I seized a stone and aimed it at the wolf, attempting to scare the wolf away. 我抓起一块石头对准狼，试图把狼吓跑。 44．originality n．独创性；创造力 Creativity and originality are more important than technical skill. 创造力和独创性比专业技巧更为重要。 45．disappearance n．消亡；消失 disappear vi.消失；消亡 appearance n．外观；出现 appear v．出现；看来，似乎 Many animals disappeared because of various reasons and their disappearance affected the balance of ecological system. 许多动物由于各种原因消亡了，它们的消亡影响了生态系统的平衡。 It appeared that he wouldn't appear as he had promised，which made us quite disappointed. 看来他不会如约露面了，这使我们很失望。 Your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance. 你的朋友也影响你看待自己外表的方式。 46．at one time一度，曾经有一个时期 Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants. 后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。 47．carry on继续 One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. 他的其中一个朋友停下来修自行车，但他们鼓励麦克继续前进，他们很快就会赶上他的。 默写练习 【限时：20分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．____________ n．车辆，交通工具 2．____________ vt.困住；使陷于危险中 3．____________ n．& v．伤害，损伤，损害 4．____________ vt.估量，衡量；测量 5．____________ adv.在海外，在外国 vehicle trap damage measure overseas 6．____________ n．过程，进程 7．____________ n．斗争；战斗；较量，竞争 8．____________ n．职责，义务；责任 9．____________ n．丧失；死亡 10．____________ n．& vt.营救；救援 11．____________ n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图 12．____________ adj.极地的，地极的 process battle duty loss rescue attempt polar 13．____________ vi.& vt.打断讲话→______________ n．插嘴，打扰；中断时间 14．____________ n．死，死亡→____________ v．死亡→____________ adj.死的 15．____________ n．行动，活动；手术；操作→____________ v．操作→____________ n．接线员；操作者 16．____________ n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨→____________ v．遭受；变差 interrupt interruption death die dead operation operate operator suffering suffer 17．____________ vt.进行；实施；执行；指挥 vi.& vt.指挥→____________ n．指挥 18．____________ n．保护；防护→____________ v．保护 19．____________ vi.& vt.呼吸→____________ n．呼吸→____________ adj.气喘吁吁的 20．____________ n．灰尘；尘埃→____________ adj.布满灰尘的 conduct conductor protection protect breathe breath breathless dust dusty 21．____________ n．探险者；勘察者→__________ v．探索；探究→____________ n．探索；探险 22．____________ n．预备，准备→____________ v．使有准备；预备 23．____________ n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地→____________ adj.基本的；基础的→____________ adv.基本上 explorer explore exploration preparation prepare base basic basically 24．____________ adv.焦虑地；不安地→____________ adj.焦虑的→____________ n．忧虑 25．____________ n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→____________ adj.有雄心的 26．____________ adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→____________ v．使高兴；欢呼 27．____________ vt.证明；证实→____________ n．证据 anxiously anxious anxiety ambition ambitious cheerful cheer prove proof 28．____________ adj.久远的；遥远的→____________ n．距离 29．____________ n．坦诚；诚实，正直→__________ adj.诚实的→____________ adj.不诚实的 30．____________ n．真诚，真挚，诚实→__________ adj.真诚的 31．____________ n．勇气；勇敢的行为→____________ adj.勇敢的 distant distance honesty honest dishonest sincerity sincere bravery brave 32．____________ adj.无害的→____________ adj.有害的→____________ n．& vt.伤害 33．____________ adj.可怕的，恐怖的→____________ adj.害怕的→____________ v．(使)害怕 34．____________ n．消失；消亡→____________ v．消失→____________ v．出现 harmless harmful harm scary scared scare disappearance disappear appear 35．____________ adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→____________ v．不同；改变→____________ adj.各种各样的→____________ n．多样性 varied vary various variety Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．The birth of her son was a major ____________ (interrupt) to her career. 2．By mile 17，I became out of ____________ (breathe) and the once injured ankle hurt badly. 3．The ____________ (die) of a whale will actually provide food for millions of fishes. interruption breath death 4．Old Johnson had decided to donate his body for medical research if he couldn't survive the ____________ (operate). 5．I went to bed with ____________ (anxious)，dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. 6．Old as the scientist is，he is still ____________ (ambition) to realize his dream. 7．Polar bears—like all wild animals—should be photographed from a safe ____________ (distant). 8．____________ (vary) setbacks and problems delayed production. operation anxiety ambitious distance Various/Varied Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1．____________________ 某人第一次尝试 2．________________ 被困在…… 3．________________ 对……造成损失 4．_________________________ 给某人做手术 5．________________ 远离 6．________________ 保护……不受(伤害) 7．________________ 屏住呼吸 at one's first attempt be trapped in do/cause damage to perform an operation on sb. stay away from protect...from hold one's breath 8．________________ 把……从……中救出来 9．________________ 在……的过程中 10．________________ 停止运转，出故障 11．________________ 为……做准备 12．________________ 以……为基础 13．________________ 用完；耗尽 14．________________ 一度，曾经有一个时期 15．_______________________继续(做)某事 rescue...from... in the process of break down in preparation for be based on run out of at one time carry on with/doing sth. 16．________________ 坚持；抓住不放 17．________________ 一……就…… 18．________________ 不理会，让……单独待着 hold on to as soon as leave...alone Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．He ________________ while the result of the competition was being announced. 2．Patience and determination are required ________________ conducting this experiment. 3．They ________________ the burning building before the rescue team came. held his breath in the process of　 were trapped in 4．How I wish I could pass my driving test ________________！ 5．They huddled together to _____________________ the freezing wind. 6．Mom was busy in the kitchen all day long ________________the family reunion dinner. 7．The talk ________________，with no agreement reached. 8．She needs time to calm down，so just ________________ her ________________． at my first attempt protect themselves from in preparation for broke down leave　 alone 9．Wiping off his tears，he ________________ working as if nothing had happened. 10．We are ________________ food at the end of the month. carried on running out of 词汇精研 1.rescue vt.营救；救援；抢救n.救援；营救；抢救；获救 [教材原文] In a rescue attempt during the Nepal earthquake...在尼泊尔地震的一次救援行动中…… (1)rescue sb./sth.from...把……从……营救出来 (2)come to sb.'s rescue (＝rescue sb.)援救某人 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people ____________ the roof of the burning building. ②He held on to a branch until we came ____________ his rescue. ③We came to____________ (he) rescue and pulled him out of the river. from to his ④那艘救生艇被派出去营救沉船上的船员。 The lifeboat was sent out to ____________________ from the sinking ship. rescue the sailors 2.trap vt. (trapped；trapped; trapping)困住；使陷于危险中 n．圈套；陷阱 [教材原文] Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings.救援队试图救出被困在建筑物下的人。 (1)be trapped in被困于……；陷于…… trap sb.into (doing) sth.诱骗某人(做)某事 (2)set a trap for为……设圈套 fall into a trap掉落陷阱，落入圈套 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He felt he had been trapped ____________ accepting the terms of the contrast. ②Mary set a trap ____________ Peter and he really fell into the trap. ③两名被困在山里的旅行者正在等待救援。 The two travelers ________________________________ were waiting to be rescued. into for (who were) trapped in the mountain 3.attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图 [教材原文] In a rescue attempt during the Nepal earthquake...在尼泊尔地震的一次救援行动中…… (1)attempt to do sth.试图做某事；努力做某事 (2)in an attempt to do sth.为了做某事 make an attempt to do/at doing sth.企图做某事 at the first attempt第一次尝试 (3)attempted adj.企图的；未遂的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①They made an attempt ____________ (escape) but were caught by the police. ②____________ an attempt to keep up with others，many students signed up for online courses. to escape In ③(读后续写之动作描写)我试了不同的角度，试图把我的头从南瓜里拔出来。 I tried different angles，________________ my head out of the pumpkin. attempting to pull ④(读后续写之动作描写)令人惊讶的是，他第一次尝试就从燃烧的房子里逃走了。 It was amazing that he escaped from the burning house ____________________． at the first attempt ⑤我试图说服他，但都是徒劳的。 →______________________________，but in vain.(attempt v．) →__________________________________________________，but in vain.(attempt n．) I have attempted to convince him I have made an attempt to convince him/at convincing him　 4.measure vt.测量，度量；估量，衡量，判定(重要性、价值或影响等)n.措施，方法；判断；衡量 [教材原文] ...other loss and damage that is hard to measure.……其他难以衡量的损失和损害。 (1)be measured by/in...用……来计算/衡量 (2)make...to one's measure按某人的尺寸定做…… take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(做某事) [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①According to the lecture，you can't measure someone ____________ their appearance and the clothes they wear. ②In that distant continent，trees are extremely tall，some ____________ (measure) over 90 meters in height. ③The tailor insisted that he should make clothes ____________ my own measure. by measuring to ④该是我们采取措施阻止空气污染的时候了。 It is (high) time that we ____________________________________ air from being polluted. took/should take measures to keep [名师点津]　(1)measure表示“措施”之意时，常用其复数形式measures。 (2)measure表示“量起来有……长(宽、高等)”时，是系动词，后跟量的结果，不用被动语态及进行时态；作定语时要用现在分词形式。 5.conduct vt.实施；进行；执行 vi.& vt.指挥 n．行为，举止 [教材原文] You've told us a lot about how you conduct rescue attempts...关于如何实施救援行动你已经给我们讲了很多了…… (1)conduct a survey/an experiment/an inquiry进行调查/实验/询问 conduct oneself well行为端正；表现好 (2)a person of good conduct品行端正的人 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The orchestra ____________ (conduct) by John Williams. ②The students around me seemed so sure of themselves that I despaired of ever being able to conduct ____________ (me) as they did. is conducted myself ③(应用文写作之建议信)此外，你只是在你的建议中提到，你打算进行调查。 Furthermore，you merely mention in your proposal that you______________________________． plan to conduct a survey 6.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸 [教材原文] This is because shouting can cause you to breathe in a dangerous amount of dust.这是因为大喊大叫会使你吸入大量危险的灰尘。 (1)breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 breathe a sigh of relief松了一口气 (2)breath n．呼吸 hold one's breath 屏息；屏气 lose one's breath喘不过气 take/draw a deep breath 深呼吸 out of breath 喘不过气；上气不接下气 (3)breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Believe it or not, the first time I happened to read the newspaper Youth a couple of months ago, I felt an urge to finish reading it in one ____________ (breathe). ②It has been proved that in the daytime, plants will breathe ____________ carbon dioxide and breathe ________ oxygen. ③We all became ____________ (breathe) when we arrived at the crowded lecture hall in a hurry. breath in out breathless ④(应用文写作之建议信)如果你在考试前很紧张，你可以深呼吸，让自己放松。 If you are nervous before having an exam，_____________________ ______________________________． you can take/draw a deep breath to relax yourself ⑤(读后续写之动作描写)随着那只凶猛的熊走近他，他屏住呼吸假装自己已经死了。 With the fierce bear approaching him，he pretended to be dead by ____________________________． holding his breath ⑥(读后续写之动作描写)大约两小时后，我们都到达了山顶。尽管上气不接下气，但我们看到了美丽的风景。 About two hours later，we all reached the top. ________________________，we were rewarded with beautiful scenery. Though out of breath 7.preparation n．准备，预备 [教材原文] What preparations do they need to make? 他们需要做什么准备？ (1)in preparation for为……做准备 make preparations for为……做准备 be in preparation在准备中 (2)prepare v．准备 prepare for sth.为……做准备(强调动作) prepare to do sth.准备做某事 (3)prepared adj.准备好的 be (well) prepared for 为……做好准备(强调状态) be prepared to do 准备好了做…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Everybody is working hard in preparation ____________ their future，and I am also making ____________ (prepare) for my ambition. ②This is a stage that ____________ (prepare) for the teenagers who have special talents. ③When the doctor was preparing ____________ (do) the operation，he asked me if I was ____________ (prepare) for it mentally. for preparations is prepared to do prepared ④为备战滑冰锦标赛，他每天都在练习。 →He is practising every day, ______________________ the Ice-skating Championship.(prepare) →He is practising every day, ______________________ the Ice-skating Championship.(preparation) preparing for in preparation for 8.prove vt.证明；证实 [教材原文] Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。 (1)prove sth.to sb.向某人证明…… prove sb./sth./yourself (to be)＋adj./n.证明某人/某物…… It is/was proved that...……被证实 (2)proof n．证据 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Give me a chance and I will prove my honesty ____________ you. ②Lucas proved himself ____________ (be) equal to the position as a teacher. ③事实证明，他们所采取的保护野生动物的措施是有效的。 ______________________ the measures they took to protect wildlife are effective. to to be It has been proved that　 9.distant adj.遥远的；久远的 [教材原文] Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。 (1)be distant from...离……遥远 (2)distance n．距离；远处 in the distance在远处；在远方 at a distance稍远处；隔一段距离 at a distance of在距……的地方 keep one's distance from...＝keep sb.at a distance与……保持距离/疏远 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①From his window，a tall building could be seen __________ the distance. ②At ____________ distance of six miles you can't see much. ③After he graduated from university, he went to a __________ (distance) city to find a job. in a distant ④(读后续写之人物描写)要了解她很难， 因为她总是对每个人都保持一定距离。 →It was difficult to get to know her because she always __________________________． →It was difficult to get to know her because she always ______________________________． kept everyone at a distance kept her distance from everyone 10.break down 停止运转，出故障；坏掉；(身体、精神)垮掉 [教材原文] First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。 break in插嘴，打断；闯入 break into破门而入 break out突然爆发 break up使破碎；解散；解体；散会；(短期)放假 break away from离开；脱离；突然挣脱 [即学即练]——选择 break down在下列句中的汉语意思/完成句子 ①Talks with business leaders broke down last night.____________ ②If you work hard like that，you will break down one day.____________ A.(机器)出故障　B．(物质)分解　C．(计划)失败 D.(身体)垮掉　E．(和谈)中断 E D ③Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.____________ ④Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene (聚乙烯)，which accounts for 40% of plastics.____________ ⑤All our plans broke down because of his opposition.____________ A B C ⑥(应用文写作之建议信)学会放松。如果你把自己逼得太紧，你可能因为压力而崩溃。 Learn to relax.If you push yourself too hard，__________________ _____________________________． you might break down because of pressure 11.have difficulties with sth.在某事上有困难 [教材原文] First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难/麻烦；做某事费劲 have a good/bad time with sth.某事玩得开心/不开心 have a good/bad time (in) doing sth. 做某事玩得开心/不开心 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The girl who was suspected of stealing money had difficulty ____________ (prove) her innocence. ②The teenagers had a good time ____________ new school life. proving with ③(应用文写作之建议信)不论你是在语法方面有困难，还是记新单词费劲，通过大声地朗读句子你可以解决你的问题。 Whether you ___________________________________，or ______________________________________，you can solve your problem by reading sentences aloud. have difficulties with grammar have trouble (in) memorizing new words　 12.run out of用完，耗尽 [教材原文] Well，I'd love to know more，but, unfortunately, we've run out of time.我想知道更多，但是，不幸的是，我们没时间了。 run out(被)用完；耗尽 give/hand out分发 set out出发；启程 turn out结果是；证明是 leave out遗漏 put out扑灭 figure out弄懂，弄清楚 [即学即练]——选词填空(run out，run out of)/完成句子 ①We must take measures quickly because time is ________________． ②He has____________ all the money his mother gave him. ③(应用文写作之倡议书)在未来，爱护环境将变得很重要，因为地球的自然资源逐渐枯竭。 In the future，care for the environment will become very important as______________________________________． running out run out of earth's natural resources run out gradually ④(读后续写之人物描写)耗尽了所有的精力和耐心，简放弃了在小溪边寻找，然后就睡着了。 _______________________________________，Jane gave up her searching along the stream and fell to sleep.(v.-ing 作状语) Running out of all the energy and patience [名师点津]　(1)run out of“用完，耗尽”，为及物动词短语；run out“用完，耗尽”，为不及物动词短语，主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的词。 (2)use up用完，耗尽＝run out of；give out耗尽，用完＝run out。 13.carry on继续向前 [教材原文] Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离他们的一个食品储备处不足11英里的地方。 carry on with sth.继续某事 carry on doing sth.继续做某事 carry out 实行，执行 carry away 拿走；带走；使着迷 carry off成功地应对；赢得 carry through完成；贯彻；使渡过难关 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Her bravery has given him the will to carry on ____________ his life and work. ②You'll have an accident if you carry on____________ (drive) like that. ③他们决定按计划执行，做了非常仔细的准备工作。 Determined to____________________ as planned，they made very careful preparations. with driving carry out the plan 句式剖析 1.完全倒装 [教材原文] Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.接着漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。 (1)该句为完全倒装语序，主语为the total darkness of the polar winter，谓语为came。 (2)所谓完全倒装，就是将谓语动词置于主语前。构成完全倒装的条件： ①表示地点、方位的副词(如here，there，up，down，out，in，away等)，表示时间的副词(如now，then等)以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首。 ②句子的谓语动词是系动词be或come，go，lie，stand等不及物动词。 ③句子的主语是名词。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①Located in the west of our city ____________ (be) some small hills，at the foot of which ____________ (lie) a beautiful lake. ②我们的英语老师站在教室前面。 In the front of the classroom __________________________． ③门开了，我们的校长进来了。 The door opened and __________________________． are lies stands our English teacher in came our headmaster ④(应用文写作之建议信)这里有一些我认为会对你有益的建议。 ________________________，which I think will be of benefit to you. ⑤An old man who had suddenly fallen down lay on the floor. →On the floor ______________________ who had suddenly fallen down.(倒装句) Here are some suggestions lay an old man [名师点津]　(1)完全倒装结构的时态只限于一般现在时和一般过去时。 (2)谓语动词的单复数取决于后面主语的单复数。 (3)主语为代词时，句子不使用完全倒装。如：Here he comes.他来了。 2.have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 [教材原文] He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.他有几队狗拉雪橇，所有人都配有滑雪橇。 (1)句中的 had teams of dogs pulling 为“have ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。此处是现在分词作宾语补足语，意为“让/使……保持某种状态；让……一直做某事”。 (2)“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”有三种结构： ①have sb.do...让某人做……(sb.与 do 之间是主谓关系) ②have sth.done 让(他人)为自己做某事；遭遇某事(sth.与 do 之间是动宾关系) ③ have sb./sth.doing 让……一直做某事 (sb./sth.与 do 之间是主谓关系) (3)won't/can't have sb./sth.doing不能容忍/允许……做某事 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There's no need to worry.I will have the car ____________ (wait) outside. ②I won't have you ____________ (speak) to your parents like that. ③My computer doesn't work and I will have it ____________ (repair) this afternoon. ④I have a lot of reading ____________ (complete) before the end of this term. waiting speaking repaired to complete ⑤我很抱歉周五下午不能和你一起去书店了。我刚发现那天下午我有一个重要的会议要参加。 I'm terribly sorry for not being able to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.I have just found that _________________________ __________________ that afternoon. I have an important meeting to attend [名师点津] 　have sth.to do“有某事要做”， have 意为“有”， to do 在句中作后置定语。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．They were ____________ (打断讲话) by a knock at the door. 2．It found many youngsters (少年) now ____________ (衡量) their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “likes”． 3．The rescue ____________ (行动) began on last Friday afternoon. 4．The ____________ (保护) of the environment is one of the basic state policies of the government. interrupted measure operation protection 5．As Elli and I cooked dinner, a young male polar bear who was playing in a ____________ (附近的) lake sniffed, and smelled our garlic bread. 6．I am going to learn to ____________ (滑雪) during the winter holidays. 7．She finally achieved her ____________ (抱负) of becoming a writer. nearby ski ambition 8．I am making every effort to be ____________ (高兴的) every day whatever happens. 9．I am writing in ____________ (真诚) to ask you a favour regarding a play we adapted according to the textbook. 10．He deserves the highest praise for his ____________ (勇气). cheerful sincerity bravery Ⅱ.选词填空 1．To an extent，a large variety of wild animals ________________ survival as a result of human activities. 2．The rule ________________ the idea that everybody should be treated equally. be based on, stay away from, break down，in preparation for, on the way to, have difficulties with, take measures to, run out have difficulties with is based on 3．This machine can sometimes ________________ and you have to spend time mending it. 4．Mary came across one of her old friends ________________ the railway station. 5．The students are studying hard ________________ the coming exam. break down on the way to in preparation for 6．If you know what kind of people are unfriendly, just ________________ them. 7．With his money ________________，he had to turn to his parents for financial assistance. 8．It's time that the government should ________________ stop hunting wildlife illegally. stay away from running out take measures to Ⅲ.完成句子 1．星期一打扫教室是我的责任。 ____________________________ the classroom on Monday. 2．他在法国期间结交了几个好朋友。(while引导时间状语从句) ________________________________，he made a few good friends. It is my duty to clean While he was staying in France 3．她很勤奋，每天总是第一个来。(不定式作定语) She is hard-working and is always ________________________ every day. 4．下课后孩子们蜂拥而出。(完全倒装句) ________________________ after class. the first one to come Out rushed the children 5．他以前跟我说话的时候，总是双臂交叉地抱着。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语) When he talked to me, he used to __________________________． have his arms crossed 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．In the future, I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and ____________ the dying, devoting myself to my work. 2．What annoyed him was that he couldn't concentrate during the ____________ of the experiment. 3．Every year about 40，000 people ____________ (尝试) to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa. rescue process attempt 4．She requested the community to turn her house into a museum upon her ____________ (死亡). 5．The villagers admitted that their activities had caused ____________(损害) to the habitat of the wildlife. 6．To our surprise，the ____________ (手术) on her heart lasted three hours. 7．There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy ____________ (竞争) for your trust. death damage operation battle 8．The parents had done their ____________ (责任，义务) and would probably continue to do so. 9．The ____________ (队长) of the ship was advised to turn back due to a sudden heavy storm. 10．Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled across the ____________ (大洲). duty captain continent Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．If ____________ (trap) in the elevator, please press the emergency button immediately. 2．The loss of blood led to his ____________ (die) after the accident. 3．The ____________ (lose) of his wife was a great blow to him. 4．Sitting among the students ____________ (be) our English teacher，who is very kind to us. trapped death loss is 5．I can't go to your birthday party tomorrow evening.That is ____________ I will be on duty then. 6．The film，____________ (base) on a battle against American army，has attracted people's attention all over the country. 7．____________ (anxious)，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn't fit. because based Anxiously 8．While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that ____________ (explore). 9．She answered all my questions with her usual ____________ (honest). 10．They had faced one difficulty after another with ____________ (brave) and dedication. exploration honesty bravery Ⅲ.完成句子 1．这起事故对环境造成了很大的损害。 The accident ________________________ the environment. 2．他企图抢那位年轻女士的手提包，但没成功。(attempt n．) He ________________________ the young lady of her handbag，but in vain. 3．成功并不总是用财富来衡量，它需要个人的努力。 Success ____________________________；it needs personal efforts. did great damage to made an attempt to rob isn't always measured by wealth 4．看过X光片后，医生决定给病人动手术。 Having seen the Xray，the doctor decided to ___________________． 5．这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is one of the most exciting football games __________________． operate on the patient that I have ever seen Ⅳ.阅读理解 A heatwave has hit many countries in Europe, pushing temperatures over 40℃.A heatwave is a long period of unusually hot weather.The heat is expected to continue until the end of July. The Italian island of Sardinia reached 46℃ on 18 July.The Italian government has asked people to dress in linen(a thin, light material) and to stay indoors between 10 a．m. and 6 p．m.The government has asked people to drink plenty of water but avoid alcohol, fizzy drinks and coffee, which can make you feel thirstier.In Rome, the country's capital, people aged over 70 can go to swimming pools for free to help them keep cool. Wildfires have broken out in many places.In Greece, which recorded 41℃ on 18 July, fires near the capital, Athens, have destroyed huge areas of forest and thousands of people have been moved to safety.Heatwaves can make fires worse because hot weather dries plants, which fuel the fires. In the US, temperatures in Death Valley, California, hit 53℃ on 18 July, close to the hottest ever recorded on Earth.On 16 July, the US National Weather Service issued warnings in parts of the country, affecting more than 80 million people. Despite the high temperatures in many European countries, the UK is not experiencing a heatwave.This is because a different weather pattern has brought rain and lower temperatures to the UK. The heatwave in Europe is being caused by a weather pattern that has stopped the air from moving very much.That means the hot, dry weather has got stuck and temperatures have kept rising.Earth is also experiencing a natural climate pattern called El Niño (厄尔尼诺), which causes the water in the eastern Pacific Ocean to warm up more than usual.This can lead to hot weather around the world.Temperatures in some parts of Europe were expected to fall on 20 July. [语篇解读]　 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了热浪袭击欧洲以及各地政府采取的措施。 2 3 1 4 1．What suggestion did the Italian government give to avoid high temperatures? A．Provide free swimming pools to keep young people cool. B．Wear thick clothes to prevent the invasion of heat. C．Drink enough amounts of coffee to keep the mind clear. D．Don't go outdoors during high temperature periods. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Italian government has asked people to dress in linen(a thin, light material) and to stay indoors between 10 a．m. and 6 p．m.”可知，意大利政府建议高温时期不要到户外活动。故选D。 2 3 1 4 2．What do we know about the wildfires in Greece? A．The fires were mainly caused by people. B．The heatwaves fueled the spread of wildfires. C．The fires had already killed a thousand people. D．The entire forest has been destroyed into ruins. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Heatwaves can make fires worse because hot weather dries plants, which fuel the fires.”可知，热浪助长了野火的蔓延。故选B。 2 3 1 4 3．What prevented the UK from experiencing the heatwaves of Europe? A．Different weather patterns. B．Different geographic locations. C．Global El Niño phenomena. D．The effect of the Pacific Ocean. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“This is because a different weather pattern has brought rain and lower temperatures to the UK.”可知，不同的天气模式使英国没有经历欧洲的热浪。故选A。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the main idea of this text? A．The hottest city on record in the world has finally emerged. B．The hot weather caused by heatwaves is coming to an end. C．Heatwaves swept across Europe and America except the UK. D．The El Niño phenomenon led to the global high temperatures. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 主旨大意题。根据上下文可知，本文主要介绍了热浪袭击了除英国以外的欧美地区以及各地政府采取的措施。故选C。 2 3 1 4 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新疆天山托木尔大峡谷的地理环境和自然景观。 The Tianshan Tuomuer Grand Canyon (峡谷), also 1. (know) as the “king of the canyon”， is the 2. (large) red layer canyon in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains.3. (lie) in Wensu County in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, at 4. foot of Jengish Chokusu, it is also known as “Kuduluk Grand Canyon”， which means “thrilling and mysterious” in Uygur.It is the only way 5. (get) to the northern and southern Tianshan Mountains. 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：天山托木尔大峡谷，也被称为“峡谷之王”，是天山南北规模最大的红层峡谷。分析句子结构可知，本句中已有谓语动词，所以know用非谓语形式，此处是固定搭配：be known as意为“被称为”，去掉be动词，用过去分词作定语。故填known。 答案：known 2．考查形容词的最高级。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词，根据定冠词和表示范围的短语“in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains”可知，表达“最大的红层峡谷”之意，用最高级。故填largest。 答案：largest 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：它位于中国西北部新疆维吾尔自治区温宿县，托木尔峰脚下，也被称为“库都鲁克大峡谷”，在维吾尔语中是“惊险、神秘”的意思。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词is，所以lie用非谓语形式，it代指上文的“The Tianshan Tuomuer Grand Canyon”与lie是主动关系，用现在分词形式，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Lying。 答案：Lying 4．考查定冠词。此处是固定搭配：at the foot of意为“在……的脚下”。故填the。 答案：the 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是通往天山南北的必经之路。名词way“路”被the only修饰，用不定式作后置定语。故填to get。 答案：to get In June, 2013, the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang 6. (list) as a UNESCO World Natural Heritage site.The area 7. the Tuomuer Grand Canyon lies is the largest among the four 8. (site) in the Tianshan Mountains, accounting for 59.87 percent of the whole site. 6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：2013年6月，新疆天山被联合国教科文组织列为世界自然遗产。分析句子结构可知，list作本句谓语，和主语the Tianshan Mountains之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据时间状语In June, 2013可知，用一般过去时。故填was listed。 答案：was listed 7．考查定语从句。句意：托木尔大峡谷所在的区域是天山四大遗址中最大的，占整个遗址的59.87%。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是area，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 答案：where 8．考查名词的单复数。空前有介词among，所以空处应填名词作宾语，site意为“场所”时为可数名词，再根据空前的four可知，用复数形式。故填sites。 答案：sites 9． its red canyons set against the snow-capped mountains in the distance, the dreamlike landscape 10. (complete) immerses (使沉浸于) visitors in the beauty of nature.Remember that the temperature difference there is very large.There is no tour bus service; visitors can drive to the canyon by themselves or rent a bus. 9．考查介词。句意：伴随着远处的雪山映衬着红色的峡谷，梦幻般的风景使游客完全沉浸在大自然的美景中。根据句意可知，此处表达“伴随着远处的雪山映衬着红色的峡谷”之意，用with复合结构作伴随状语，此处为“with＋n.＋介词短语”；位于句首，首字母应大写。故填With。 答案：With 10．考查词性转换。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰。故填completely。 答案：completely $$